Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Pump Princess Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Legendairy Milk

Pump Princess label
See full label image
Capsule Category: Botanical
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Oct 7, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Pump Princess against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Pump Princess is a dietary supplement by Legendairy Milk with 3 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for respiratory support (asthma, allergies, cough), digestive upset, immune support.Based on those ingredients, 1,288 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Black Cumin, Fennel, Dill. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

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Check Your Meds Against Pump Princess by Legendairy Milk

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Pump Princess by Legendairy Milk — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Pump Princess by Legendairy Milk

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Oct 6, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 0 of its 3 active ingredients.
  • “Proprietary Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (1,200 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

Pump Princess contains 3 active ingredients: black cumin (also called black seed), dill, and fennel, all listed as part of a proprietary blend. The product also contains pullulan as an inactive ingredient — that's a capsule binder.

These three herbs have traditionally been used to support lactation and milk supply in nursing mothers, though the clinical evidence behind each one varies in strength. The blend is packaged in capsule form for convenience.

Does it work?

Insufficient evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Insufficient

There isn't enough reliable clinical evidence to rate this product's ingredients for its stated purpose.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: support natural milk production during lactation.
  • We looked for evidence on: Lactation, Breast milk supply, Galactagogue support, Nursing support.
  • The closest evidence on file: Fennel is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Lactation (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Dill is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Lactation.

Black cumin has been studied for acne, hay fever, asthma, Helicobacter pylori infection, and diabetes — the evidence rates it as Possibly Effective for each of these. Fennel is rated Possibly Effective for period pain (dysmenorrhea), but the evidence for its use in the other conditions listed — bronchitis, anxiety, bedwetting, and cholera — is insufficient to rate.

Dill has insufficient evidence for the conditions we hold data on: period pain, aging skin, labor pain, and stroke. The data we hold doesn't establish effectiveness for lactation or milk supply specifically.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Black Seed Dill Fennel

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 3 of the 3 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 3 of 3.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 3 of 3.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Black cumin is well tolerated when taken by mouth, though some people report constipation, stomach burning or discomfort, nausea, and vomiting. It's likely safe in food amounts, but higher supplement doses haven't been studied long-term.

The safety data advises against supplement doses during pregnancy. Dill is generally safe in food amounts; allergic reactions (swelling, itching, rash, and in rare cases anaphylaxis) have been reported in sensitive individuals.

Fennel is well tolerated in food amounts; oral side effects can include stomach discomfort, sun sensitivity, and allergic reactions, with rare reports of seizures. There isn't enough data to know whether medicinal doses of dill or fennel are safe during pregnancy or breastfeeding — talk with your doctor or pharmacist for personalized advice if you're pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or nursing.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Black Seed Dill Fennel

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 3 of the 3 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Fennel, Dill, Black Seed.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; diabetes medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 1,289 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this product, double-check with your doctor or pharmacist if you take blood thinners (anticoagulants or antiplatelets), diabetes medications, blood pressure drugs, sedating medications (CNS depressants), serotonergic drugs like certain antidepressants, diuretics, lithium, immune-suppressing drugs, cyclosporine, birth control pills, hormone replacement therapy, ciprofloxacin, tamoxifen, or any drug your liver processes via the CYP3A4 pathway. These are the medication types we have interaction data for.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with insufficient evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

Pump Princess is marketed for nursing mothers, and its three herbal ingredients have some evidence or traditional use behind them — though the clinical support varies. The main thing to do before starting is check your medications: black cumin, dill, and fennel together interact with a wide range of drugs, especially blood thinners, diabetes medications, and blood pressure drugs.

If you take any prescription or over-the-counter medication, run it through the checker here or discuss this product with your doctor or pharmacist first.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 3 of 3 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Nov 22, 2024.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Pump Princess, straight from the product label.

Brand Legendairy Milk
Barcode (UPC) 853792007029
Net contents 60 Vegan Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Nov 22, 2024
DSLD ID 319889
Product type Botanical
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Vegan, Vegetarian, Kosher, Women (not pregnant or lactating), Organic, Lactating
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Pump Princess by Legendairy Milk, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Pregnant and Lactating
Minimum serving Sizes:
2 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
2 Capsule(s)
Servings per container
30
UPC/BARCODE
853792007029
IngredientAmount% DV
Proprietary Blend1200 mg--
Black Cumin0 NP--
Dill0 NP--
Fennel0 NP--

Other ingredients: Pullulan

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formulation

Pump Princess is designed to support your natural milk production with ingredients that have traditionally used amongst lactating women all around the world.

Certified Vegan vegan.org

Non GMO Project Verified nongmoproject.org Certified gluten free GFCO.org Fenugreek free Sugar free No additives No fillers

Optimizes breast milk production Promotes milk flow

USDA Organic Certified organic by QAI

Formula

Black cumin seed fun fact Black cumin seed has been used in India and the Middle East for centuries to promote milk production.

OU (Kosher)

H Halal

Contains black cumin seed, fennel seed and other supportive herbs

Seals/Symbols

Certified Vegan vegan.org OU (Kosher) H Halal Non GMO Project Verified nongmoproject.org Certified Gluten Free GFCO.org Made in the USA with domestic and imported ingredients

USDA Organic

General Statements

Share your journey! @legendairymilk Facebook Instagram TikTok Learn why we're Fenugreek free at www.fenugreekfree.com I used to pop bottles. Now I pump them.

10-day supply

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested use: Take 2 capsules 3 times daily. Take with food and drink to thirst.

Take with food and stay hydrated.

Precautions

Heads up mama! Not for use during pregnancy.

Keep away from children.

May lower blood sugar - if you are diabetic or hypoglycemic, consult with your doctor before use.

Hypersensitivity, such as allergy, may occur; in which case, discontinue use.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Pump Princess by Legendairy Milk label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Pump Princess label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Pump Princess by Legendairy Milk

These are the 3 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size2 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Proprietary Blend

1200 mg per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Pullulan. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Pump Princess by Legendairy Milk Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Pump Princess?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
1,288Drugs
1,288 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Black Cumin 913
Fennel 742
Dill 87

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Pump Princess interact with 1,288 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

3 of the 3 ingredients in Pump Princess interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Black Cumin Fennel Dill

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Pump Princess with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Black Cumin14 drug types · 913 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, black seed may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro and animal research suggests that black seed extract can inhibit platelet aggregation and clotting, and increase bleeding time. In addition, decreased platelet counts have occurred in a human case report and in animal research.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking black seed with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Some clinical research and numerous animal studies suggest that black seed, especially its constituent thymoquinone, can have hypoglycemic effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, taking black seed with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Clinical research suggests that black seed powder and oil might reduce blood pressure by 2-3 mmHg. In animal research, black seed modestly reduces blood pressure and concomitant use of black seed and amlodipine (Norvasc) or metoprolol (Lopressor) increased the blood pressure lowering effects of these drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Clopidogrel (Plavix)

Theoretically, black seed may increase the risk of bleeding if used with clopidogrel.
Animal research shows that taking black seed extract daily for 2 weeks prior to a single dose of clopidogrel increases maximum concentrations of clopidogrel by approximately 31% and modestly decreases oral clearance. Furthermore, bleeding time was increased by 12%. This has not been shown in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cns Depressants

Theoretically, concomitant use with drugs that have sedative properties may cause additive effects.
Animal research suggests that black seed may have CNS depressant effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)

Theoretically taking black seed might reduce the levels and clinical effects of cyclosporine.
In animal research, black seed extract decreased the maximal levels of cyclosporine in the blood by 35.5%. This has not been shown in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Theoretically, black seed might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
In vitro research suggests that thymoquinone, a constituent of black seed, can decrease the metabolism of phenytoin by a mechanism possibly related to the inhibition of CYP2C9. The effect of black seed on CYP2C9 is unclear. This has not been shown in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Diuretic Drugs

Theoretically, taking black seed with diuretic drugs might increase potassium loss and the risk of hypokalemia.
Black seed extract has shown diuretic effects in animals, which could theoretically increase potassium loss. This has not been shown in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Immunosuppressants

Theoretically, black seed might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Animal and in vitro studies suggest that black seed might stimulate immune function. However, other animal studies suggest that black seed may suppress immune function.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Phenytoin (Dilantin)

Theoretically, black seed might increase or decrease levels and effects of phenytoin.
In vitro research suggests that thymoquinone, a constituent of black seed, can decrease the metabolism of phenytoin. This effect may be due to inhibition of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9). However, animal research shows that black seed decreases the maximum concentration of and total systemic exposure to phenytoin by 57% and 87%, respectively. This seems to be related to increased clearance and steady state volume of distribution. This interaction has not been shown in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Serotonergic Drugs

Theoretically, combining serotonergic drugs with black seed might increase the risk of serotonergic side effects, including serotonin syndrome and cerebral vasoconstrictive disorders.
Animal research suggests that black seed can increase brain serotonin levels. In one case report, a 35-year-old man undergoing endoscopic surgery experienced immediate postoperative serotonin syndrome that was likely associated with the use of black seed oil 600 mg daily starting 4 days before surgery, and precipitated by the use of serotonergic pain medications, including fentanyl and oxycodone. Monitor patients for signs of serotonin syndrome and other serotonergic side effects if using black seed with serotonergic drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sildenafil (Viagra)

Theoretically, black seed might reduce plasma levels and the therapeutic effects of sildenafil.
Animal research shows that black seed reduces the total systemic exposure to sildenafil by 43%. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, black seed might increase levels of warfarin and increase the risk of bleeding.
In vitro research suggests that thymoquinone, a constituent of black seed, can decrease the metabolism of warfarin. This effect may be due to inhibition of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9). The effect of black seed on warfarin metabolism is unclear. This has not been shown in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Prednisolone

Theoretically black seed might reduce plasma levels and therapeutic effects of prednisolone.
In animal research, oral administration of a single dose of black seed oil 15 minutes prior to oral prednisolone decreases the prednisolone maximum plasma concentration by 65% and area under the curve by 25%. This has not been shown in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Black Cumin full monograph & interactions

Fennel6 drug types · 742 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, fennel might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.

Animal research suggests that fennel oil has antithrombotic and antiplatelet effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)

Theoretically, fennel might decrease the levels and clinical effects of ciprofloxacin.

Animal research shows that fennel reduces ciprofloxacin bioavailability by nearly 50%, possibly due to the metal cations such as calcium, iron, and magnesium contained in fennel. This study also found that fennel increased tissue distribution and slowed elimination of ciprofloxacin.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Contraceptive Drugs

Theoretically, taking large amounts of fennel might decrease the effects of contraceptive drugs due to competition for estrogen receptors.

Some constituents of fennel have estrogenic activity.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.

In vitro research suggests that fennel inhibits CYP3A4 enzyme activity. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Estrogens

Theoretically, taking large amounts of fennel might interfere with hormone replacement therapy due to competition for estrogen receptors.

Some constituents of fennel have estrogenic activity.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tamoxifen (Nolvadex)

Theoretically, taking large amounts of fennel might decrease the antiestrogenic effect of tamoxifen.

Some constituents of fennel have estrogenic activity, which may interfere with the antiestrogenic activity of tamoxifen.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Fennel full monograph & interactions

Dill2 drug types · 87 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, dill extract might have additive effects with antidiabetes drugs and increase the risk of hypoglycemia. Animal research shows that dill extract can reduce blood sugar levels. Monitor blood glucose levels closely. Dose adjustments might be necessary.
Some antidiabetes drugs include glimepiride (Amaryl), glyburide (DiaBeta, Glynase PresTab, Micronase), insulin, pioglitazone (Actos), rosiglitazone (Avandia), and others.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Lithium

Dill is thought to have diuretic properties. Theoretically, due to these potential diuretic effects, dill might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium. The dose of lithium might need to be decreased.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Dill full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Pump Princess, from the product label.

Legendairy Milk

See all Legendairy Milk products
Name
Legendairy Milk, LLC
Street Address
1007 S. Heatherwilde Blvd., Suite 100
City
Pflugerville
State
Texas
ZipCode
78660
Web Address
www.legendairymilk.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Pump Princess by Legendairy Milk: Common Questions

Does Pump Princess by Legendairy Milk interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Pump Princess has a known interaction with 1,288 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Pump Princess contains 3 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is this safe to take while I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
The safety data advises against black cumin in pregnancy. For dill and fennel, there isn't enough reliable information — talk with your doctor or pharmacist about whether this product is right for you if you're pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding.
What are the side effects I should watch for?
Black cumin may cause constipation, stomach burning, nausea, or vomiting. Dill can cause allergic reactions (rash, itching, swelling) in sensitive people. Fennel may cause stomach discomfort, sun sensitivity, or allergic reactions. If you're allergic to plants in the carrot or parsley family, be cautious with dill and fennel.
Does this actually help with milk supply?
The product facts we hold don't include clinical evidence specifically for lactation or milk supply. Black cumin, dill, and fennel have traditional use in some cultures for this purpose, but we don't have effectiveness data for that claim.
Can I take this with my diabetes medication?
Black cumin and dill may both lower blood sugar, so combining either one with diabetes drugs could raise your risk of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). Talk with your doctor or pharmacist before starting — your dose may need to be adjusted, or your blood sugar will need close monitoring.
What's actually in each capsule?
The three active ingredients — black cumin, dill, and fennel — are blended together in proportions the manufacturer hasn't disclosed publicly. The capsule itself is made of pullulan, an inactive binder.
Is this safe if I take birth control?
Fennel may have hormone-like effects and theoretically could decrease how well birth control works. If you take hormonal contraception, mention this product to your doctor or pharmacist before starting.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Pump Princess label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Pump Princess’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Black Seed

Interacts with 913 drugs

Black seed (Nigella sativa) is a traditional spice and remedy that has been studied for asthma, blood sugar, cholesterol, and blood pressure, with early research showing some promise but no...

Read the full Black Seed monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Dill

Interacts with 87 drugs

Dill is a common culinary herb that has long been used in traditional medicine for digestive complaints, but solid human evidence for any medicinal use is limited. It is generally considered...

Read the full Dill monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Fennel

Interacts with 742 drugs

Fennel is a Mediterranean herb widely used as a food and spice, and traditionally taken for digestive complaints, colic, and menstrual cramps. Some small studies suggest possible benefit for...

Read the full Fennel monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Pump Princess's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 85 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Black Seed 60 references
  1. The Review of Natural Products by Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO: Wolters Kluwer Co., 1999.
  2. Aqel M, Shaheen R. Effects of the volatile oil of black seed seeds on the uterine smooth muscle of rat and guinea pig. J Ethnopharmacol 1996;52:23-6.
  3. Keshri G, Singh MM, Lakshmi V, Kamboj VP. Post-coital contraceptive efficacy of the seeds of Black seed in rats. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 1995;39:59-62.
  4. Tennekoon KH, Jeevathayaparan S, Kurukulasooriya AP, Karunanayake EH. Possible hepatotoxicity of Nigella sativa seeds and Dregea volubilis leaves. J Ethnopharmacol 1991;31:283-9. PubMed
  5. Dehkordi FR, Kamkhah AF. Antihypertensive effect of Nigella sativa seed extract in patients with mild hypertension. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2008;22:447-52.
  6. Zaoui, A., Cherrah, Y., Lacaille-Dubois, M. A., Settaf, A., Amarouch, H., and Hassar, M. [Diuretic and hypotensive effects of Nigella sativa in the spontaneously hypertensive rat]. Therapie 2000;55(3):379-382.
  7. Enomoto, S., Asano, R., Iwahori, Y., Narui, T., Okada, Y., Singab, A. N., and Okuyama, T. Hematological studies on black cumin oil from the seeds of Nigella sativa L. Biol.Pharm.Bull 2001;24(3):307-310. PubMed
  8. Meral, I., Yener, Z., Kahraman, T., and Mert, N. Effect of Nigella sativa on glucose concentration, lipid peroxidation, anti-oxidant defence system and liver damage in experimentally-induced diabetic rabbits. J Vet.Med A Physiol Pathol.Clin Med 2001;48(1
  9. Al Jishi, S. A. and Abuo, Hozaifa B. Effect of Nigella sativa on blood hemostatic function in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2003;85(1):7-14. PubMed
  10. Ali, B. H. and Blunden, G. Pharmacological and toxicological properties of Nigella sativa. Phytother.Res. 2003;17(4):299-305.
  11. Al Naggar, T. B., Gomez-Serranillos, M. P., Carretero, M. E., and Villar, A. M. Neuropharmacological activity of Nigella sativa L. extracts. J Ethnopharmacol. 2003;88(1):63-68. PubMed
  12. Kalus, U., Pruss, A., Bystron, J., Jurecka, M., Smekalova, A., Lichius, J. J., and Kiesewetter, H. Effect of Nigella sativa (black seed) on subjective feeling in patients with allergic diseases. Phytother.Res. 2003;17(10):1209-1214.
  13. Islam, S. N., Begum, P., Ahsan, T., Huque, S., and Ahsan, M. Immunosuppressive and cytotoxic properties of Nigella sativa. Phytother.Res. 2004;18(5):395-398.
  14. Fararh, K. M., Atoji, Y., Shimizu, Y., Shiina, T., Nikami, H., and Takewaki, T. Mechanisms of the hypoglycaemic and immunopotentiating effects of Nigella sativa L. oil in streptozotocin-induced diabetic hamsters. Res Vet.Sci 2004;77(2):123-129. PubMed
  15. Awad, E. M. and Binder, B. R. In vitro induction of endothelial cell fibrinolytic alterations by Nigella sativa. Phytomedicine 2005;12(3):194-202. PubMed
  16. El Obeid, A., Al Harbi, S., Al Jomah, N., and Hassib, A. Herbal melanin modulates tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production. Phytomedicine. 2006;13(5):324-333.
  17. Abbas, A. T., Abdel-Aziz, M. M., Zalata, K. R., and Tel, Abd Al-Galel. Effect of dexamethasone and Nigella sativa on peripheral blood eosinophil count, IgG1 and IgG2a, cytokine profiles and lung inflammation in murine model of allergic asthma. Egypt J Im
  18. Kaleem, M., Kirmani, D., Asif, M., Ahmed, Q., and Bano, B. Biochemical effects of Nigella sativa L seeds in diabetic rats. Indian J Exp.Biol. 2006;44(9):745-748.
  19. Hawsawi, Z. A., Ali, B. A., and Bamosa, A. O. Effect of Nigella sativa (Black Seed) and thymoquinone on blood glucose in albino rats. Ann.Saudi Med 2001;21(3-4):242-244.
  20. Massadeh, A. M., Al Safi, S. A., Momani, I. F., Al Mahmoud, M., and Alkofahi, A. S. Analysis of cadmium and lead in mice organs: effect of Nigella sativa L. (Black Cumin) on the distribution and immunosuppressive effect of cadmium-lead mixture in mice. B PubMed
  21. Akhondian, J., Parsa, A., and Rakhshande, H. The effect of Nigella sativa L. (black cumin seed) on intractable pediatric seizures. Med Sci Monit. 2007;13(12):CR555-CR559.
  22. Meddah, B., Ducroc, R., El Abbes, Faouzi M., Eto, B., Mahraoui, L., Benhaddou-Andaloussi, A., Martineau, L. C., Cherrah, Y., and Haddad, P. S. Nigella sativa inhibits intestinal glucose absorption and improves glucose tolerance in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. PubMed
  23. Najmi, A., Nasiruddin, M., Khan, R. A., and Haque, S. F. Effect of Nigella sativa oil on various clinical and biochemical parameters of insulin resistance syndrome. Int J Diabetes Dev.Ctries. 2008;28(1):11-14.
  24. al Sheikh, O. A. and Gad el-Rab, M. O. Allergic contact dermatitis: clinical features and profile of sensitizing allergens in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Int J Dermatol. 1996;35(7):493-497.
  25. Steinmann, A., Schatzle, M., Agathos, M., and Breit, R. Allergic contact dermatitis from black cumin (Nigella sativa) oil after topical use. Contact Dermatitis 1997;36(5):268-269.
  26. Al-Jenoobi FI, Al-Suwayeh SA, Muzaffar I, et al. Effects of Nigella sativa and Lepidium sativum on cyclosporine pharmacokinetics. Biomed Res Int 2013;2013:953520.
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  59. Abutaima R, Al-Ebini Y, Alkofahi A, et al. In vivo assessment of black seed oil single dose on prednisolone pharmacokinetics. J Pharm Pharmacol 2024;76(1):57-63.
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See these in context on the Black Seed monograph →

Dill 8 references
  1. Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics. 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
  2. Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
  3. Freeman, G. L. Allergy to fresh dill. Allergy 1999;54(5):531-532. PubMed
  4. Chiu, A. M. and Zacharisen, M. C. Anaphylaxis to dill. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2000;84(5):559-560.
  5. Monteseirin, J., Perez-Formoso, J. L., Sanchez-Hernandez, M. C., Hernandez, M., Camacho, M. J., Bonilla, I., Guardia, P., and Conde, J. Occupational contact dermatitis to dill. Allergy 2002;57(9):866-867. PubMed
  6. Monteseirin, J., Perez-Formoso, J. L., Hernandez, M., Sanchez-Hernandez, M. C., Camacho, M. J., Bonilla, I., Chaparro, A., and Conde, J. Contact urticaria from dill. Contact Dermatitis 2003;48(5):275. PubMed
  7. Panda, S. The effect of Anethum graveolens L. (dill) on corticosteroid induced diabetes mellitus: involvement of thyroid hormones. Phytother.Res 2008;22(12):1695-1697.
  8. Madani H, Mahmoodabady NA Vahdati A. Effects of hydroalchoholic [sic] extract of Anethum graveolens (DILL) on plasma glucose an [sic] lipid levels in diabetes induced rats. Iranian Journal of Diabetes & Lipid Disorders 2006;5(2):E13.

See these in context on the Dill monograph →

Fennel 17 references
  1. Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics. 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
  2. Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
  3. Zhu M, Wong PY, Li RC. Effect of oral administration of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) on ciprofloxacin absorption and disposition in the rat. J Pharm Pharmacol 1999;51:1391-6.
  4. Gral N, Beani JC, Bonnot D, et al. [Plasma levels of psoralens after celery ingestion]. Ann Dermatol Venereol 1993;120:599-603.
  5. Burkhard PR, Burkhardt K, Haenggeli CA, Landis T. Plant-induced seizures: reappearance of an old problem. J Neurol 1999;246:667-70. PubMed
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  7. Cuzzolin L, Zaffani S, and Benoni G. Safety implications regarding use of phytomedicines. Eur.J Clin Pharmacol. 2006;62:37-42. PubMed
  8. Tognolini, M., Ballabeni, V., Bertoni, S., Bruni, R., Impicciatore, M., and Barocelli, E. Protective effect of Foeniculum vulgare essential oil and anethole in an experimental model of thrombosis. Pharmacol.Res 2007;56(3):254-260. PubMed
  9. Subehan, Usia, T., Iwata, H., Kadota, S., and Tezuka, Y. Mechanism-based inhibition of CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 by Indonesian medicinal plants. J Ethnopharmacol. 5-24-2006;105(3):449-455. PubMed
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  13. Ottolenghi, A., De Chiara, A., Arrigoni, S., Terracciano, L., and De Amici, M. [Diagnosis of food allergy caused by fruit and vegetables in children with atopic dermatitis]. Pediatr Med Chir 1995;17(6):525-530.
  14. Trabace L, Tucci P, Ciuffreda L, et al. "Natural" relief of pregnancy-related symptoms and neonatal outcomes: above all do no harm. J Ethnopharmacol. 2015;174:396-402. PubMed
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  17. Mathew T, John SK, Javali M, Vasireddy M, Nadig R, Sarma GRK. Substance use related cluster headache: A case series. Headache 2022;62(7):908-910. PubMed

See these in context on the Fennel monograph →

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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