Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 3 of 9 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

RapidDrive Pre-Workout Amino Complex Fruit Punch Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by GNC Pro Performance

RapidDrive Pre-Workout Amino Complex Fruit Punch label
See full label image
Powder Category: Amino Acid/protein
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking RapidDrive Pre-Workout Amino Complex Fruit Punch against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

RapidDrive Pre-Workout Amino Complex Fruit Punch is a dietary supplement by GNC Pro Performance with 9 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for athletic performance and endurance, high-intensity exercise capacity, reducing muscle fatigue.Based on those ingredients, 192 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Micronized L-Taurine, micronized L-Carnitine. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against RapidDrive Pre-Workout Amino Complex Fruit Punch by GNC Pro Performance

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with RapidDrive Pre-Workout Amino Complex Fruit Punch by GNC Pro Performance — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
Prefer a human? Send your question to our licensed pharmacists — free, answered by email within 24 hours.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of RapidDrive Pre-Workout Amino Complex Fruit Punch by GNC Pro Performance

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Sep 10, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 9 of its 9 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

This powder contains 9 active ingredients, most of them branched-chain amino acids and related compounds meant to support muscle performance and endurance during exercise. You're getting L-isoleucine, L-valine, L-leucine (all in micronized form for absorption), plus L-arginine, citrulline, beta-alanine, taurine, and L-carnitine.

These are paired with inactive ingredients like citric acid, malic acid, and sucralose for flavor and texture.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: athletic performance and exercise endurance.
  • We looked for evidence on: Athletic performance, Exercise-induced muscle breakdown, Exercise-induced muscle damage, Exercise-induced muscle soreness, muscle pump, nitric oxide production — and 1 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Beta-alanine is rated "Possibly Effective" for Athletic performance (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Taurine is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Athletic performance, Exercise-induced muscle soreness.
  • Also on file: L-carnitine is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Athletic performance, Exercise-induced muscle soreness, Exercise-induced muscle damage.

Beta-alanine is rated possibly effective for athletic performance and physical performance based on available evidence. L-carnitine is effective for L-carnitine deficiency itself, and possibly effective for congestive heart failure, high cholesterol, and angina.

Taurine is possibly effective for hepatitis and congestive heart failure, though the evidence on most uses in this product—and on the amino acids themselves—isn't established in our data. Beta-alanine has insufficient evidence for cognitive function, age-related cognitive decline, chronic lung disease, and menopausal symptoms.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Beta-alanine Taurine L-carnitine

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 3 of the 3 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 3 of 3.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 3 of 3.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Beta-alanine is generally well tolerated but commonly causes harmless tingling and flushing of the skin, usually starting on the scalp within 20 minutes and lasting about an hour—it's dose-dependent and mild at lower doses. Taurine and L-carnitine are generally well tolerated at typical doses short-term, though L-carnitine can cause stomach upset, nausea, diarrhea, and rarely a fishy body odor.

Long-term safety data on taurine is less certain, and L-carnitine hasn't been well studied at high doses. Beta-alanine should be avoided in pregnancy and breastfeeding due to insufficient safety data.

Taurine is likely safe in pregnancy but caution is advised while breastfeeding. L-carnitine's safety in pregnancy isn't on file, and breastfeeding safety is possibly safe but not well studied.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Beta-alanine Taurine L-carnitine

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 2 of the 3 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Taurine, L-carnitine.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; lithium.
  • For scale: 192 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Check before starting if you take blood thinners like warfarin or acenocoumarol (moderate risk of increased bleeding), blood pressure medications (moderate risk of blood pressure dropping too low), lithium for bipolar disorder (moderate risk of lithium buildup), or thyroid hormone replacement (moderate risk of reduced effectiveness). Several ingredients here we couldn't check, so run your complete medication list through the search tool on this page.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This pre-workout is aimed at people doing strength or endurance training who want amino acid support. If you take blood thinners, blood pressure medications, lithium, or thyroid hormone, you'll need to check with your doctor or pharmacist before starting—the interactions are real and worth discussing.

The skin tingling from beta-alanine is normal and harmless, but it's not for everyone. Talk it over with your own doctor or pharmacist before you add it to your routine.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 3 of 9 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Dec 23, 2011.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about RapidDrive Pre-Workout Amino Complex Fruit Punch, straight from the product label.

Brand GNC Pro Performance
Barcode (UPC) 048107090838
Net contents 10.92 oz.; 310 g
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Dec 23, 2011
DSLD ID 2722
Product type Amino Acid/protein
Supplement form Powder
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for RapidDrive Pre-Workout Amino Complex Fruit Punch by GNC Pro Performance, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
15.5 Gram(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
15.5 Gram(s)
Servings per container
20
UPC/BARCODE
048107090838
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories5 {Calories}--
Total Carbohydrates1 g1%
L-Isoleucine, Micronized1000 mg--
L-Valine, Micronized1000 mg--
L-Arginine, Micronized1000 mg--
L-Leucine, Micronized3000 mg--
Citrulline, Micronized50 mg--
Beta-Alanine, Micronized3200 mg--
Micronized L-Taurine1000 mg--
micronized L-Carnitine500 mg--
Micronized alpha-Ketogluarate100 mg--

Other ingredients: Natural and Artificial flavors, Citric Acid, Malic Acid, Lecithin, Sucralose, FD&C Red #40

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

DIRECTIONS: As a dietary supplement, mix one scoop (15.5 g) with 8 fl.oz. of water before each workout.

Precautions

KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place.

Formula

CONTAINS: Soybeans.

General Statements

AMINO SERIES

Combines micronized L-arginine with micronized citrulline, key precursors to nitric oxide (N.O.) to get you those extreme pre-workout pumps!*

GNC's Product Development Scientists were challenged to create an advanced delivery form of amino acid supplements, a critical sports nutrition component that can be used in the regimen of top athletes.

LOADED WITH 7 GRAMS OF AMINOS, BETA-ALANINE & CITRULLINE

MICRONIZED FORMULA DESIGNED TO ENHANCE FATIGUE-CONTROLLING FACTORS*

Natural and Artificial Flavor

New

Notice: Significant product settling may occur.

Pro Performance(R) RapidDrive(TM) Pre-Workout Amino complex feathures our most advanced RapidDrive(TM) Amino Acid technology. This formula has been scientifically designed to provide your body with the most important amino acids needed before exercise.

Supplies a 3:1:1 ration of micronized branched chain amino acids (BCAA) to help reduce protein breakdown, preserve glycogen stores and stimulate muscle protein syntheses.*

The result of these research efforts led to the creation of the RapidDrive(TM) Amino Series, a core group of superor and fast-absorbing amino acids for rapid muscle fuel.

These ingredients have been pulverized, or "micronized," from large molecules into smaller particles that are easier to absorb and facilitate fast fuel for powerful performance.* It features micronized beta-alanine which stimulates muscle carnosine levels - a key fatigue-controlling factor.*

This formula is sugar-free and stimulant-free so it can be taken any time, day or night.

This supreme amino formula is also equipped with L-carnitine to help convert fatty acids into energy and alpha-ketogluarate (AKG) which is important for amino acid availablilty and protein synthesis.*

This unique technology is much more advanced compared to regular amino acids. Because our team is dedicated to continually improving sports nutrition products, the Pro Performance(R) RapidDrive(TM) Amino Series helps you, the athlete, get fast fuel for your muscles.

Use of beta-Alanine are licensed from Natural Alternatives International, Inc. under U.S. Patents 5,965,596; 6,172,098; and 6,426,361B2.

General

CODE 351195 JKG

Formulation

No Sugar.

ZERO-SUGAR, STIMULANT FREE

Seals/Symbols

CarnoSyn(TM) Carnosine Synthesizer

FDA Statement of Identity

DIETARY SUPPLEMENT

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

RapidDrive Pre-Workout Amino Complex Fruit Punch by GNC Pro Performance label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

RapidDrive Pre-Workout Amino Complex Fruit Punch label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in RapidDrive Pre-Workout Amino Complex Fruit Punch by GNC Pro Performance

These are the 9 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size15.5 Gram(s) Dosage formPowder Servings per container20 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

L-Isoleucine, Micronized

1000 mg per serving

L-Valine, Micronized

1000 mg per serving

L-Arginine, Micronized

1000 mg per serving

L-Leucine, Micronized

3000 mg per serving

Citrulline, Micronized

50 mg per serving

Beta-Alanine, Micronized

No known
interactions
3200 mg per serving

Beta-alanine is an amino acid taken mostly by athletes to raise muscle carnosine, which may help buffer acid and reduce fatigue during short, high-int...

Beta-Alanine, Micronized monograph & interactions

Micronized L-Taurine

Interacts with
173 drugs
1000 mg per serving

Taurine is an amino acid your body makes naturally and that you also get from animal foods. It is widely used in energy drinks and sports supplements,...

Micronized L-Taurine monograph & interactions

Micronized L-Carnitine

Interacts with
19 drugs
500 mg per serving

L-carnitine is a compound your body makes naturally and also gets from foods like meat. It helps cells turn fat into energy, and supplements are most...

Micronized L-Carnitine monograph & interactions

Micronized alpha-Ketogluarate

100 mg per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Natural and Artificial flavors, Citric Acid, Malic Acid, Lecithin, Sucralose, FD&C Red #40. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

RapidDrive Pre-Workout Amino Complex Fruit Punch by GNC Pro Performance Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against RapidDrive Pre-Workout Amino Complex Fruit Punch?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
192Drugs
192 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Micronized L-Taurine 173
micronized L-Carnitine 19

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in RapidDrive Pre-Workout Amino Complex Fruit Punch interact with 192 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

2 of the 9 ingredients in RapidDrive Pre-Workout Amino Complex Fruit Punch interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Micronized L-Taurine micronized L-Carnitine

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in RapidDrive Pre-Workout Amino Complex Fruit Punch with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Micronized L-Taurine2 drug types · 173 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, taurine might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Some clinical evidence suggests that taurine can reduce both systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Lithium

Theoretically, taurine might reduce excretion and increase plasma levels of lithium.
Taurine is thought to have diuretic properties, which might reduce the excretion of lithium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Micronized L-Taurine full monograph & interactions

micronized L-Carnitine3 drug types · 19 drugs

Acenocoumarol (Sintrom)

Theoretically, L-carnitine might increase the anticoagulant effects of acenocoumarol.
L-carnitine might enhance the anticoagulant effects of acenocoumarol, an oral anticoagulant similar to warfarin, but shorter-acting. There are at least two case reports of INR elevation with concomitant use. In one case, a 33-year-old male with a previously stable INR had an elevated INR of 4.65 after L-carnitine was started and continued for 10 weeks. INR normalized after discontinuation of the L-carnitine-containing product.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Thyroid Hormone

Theoretically, L-carnitine might decrease the effectiveness of thyroid hormone replacement.
L-carnitine appears to act as a peripheral thyroid hormone antagonist by inhibiting entry of thyroid hormone into the nucleus of cells. Taking L-carnitine also seems to diminish some of the symptoms of hyperthyroidism.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, L-carnitine might increase the anticoagulant effects of warfarin.
L-carnitine might increase the anticoagulant effects of acenocoumarol, a shorter-acting oral anticoagulant similar to warfarin. There is not enough information to know whether this interaction occurs with L-carnitine and warfarin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
micronized L-Carnitine full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for RapidDrive Pre-Workout Amino Complex Fruit Punch, from the product label.

GNC Pro Performance

See all GNC Pro Performance products
Phone Number
1-888-462-2548
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

RapidDrive Pre-Workout Amino Complex Fruit Punch by GNC Pro Performance: Common Questions

Does RapidDrive Pre-Workout Amino Complex Fruit Punch by GNC Pro Performance interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, RapidDrive Pre-Workout Amino Complex Fruit Punch has a known interaction with 192 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
RapidDrive Pre-Workout Amino Complex Fruit Punch contains 9 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Will this cause that tingling feeling I've heard about?
Yes—beta-alanine commonly causes skin tingling and flushing, usually starting on your scalp about 20 minutes after you take it and lasting around an hour. It's harmless and dose-dependent; lower doses cause milder tingling or none at all. At the lowest doses, only about 25% of people reported it.
Is it safe to take while I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
Beta-alanine should be avoided in both pregnancy and breastfeeding because there isn't enough safety data. Taurine is likely safe in pregnancy but caution is advised while breastfeeding. L-carnitine's pregnancy safety isn't on file, and breastfeeding is possibly safe but not well studied. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist for personalized advice.
Can this cause stomach problems?
L-carnitine may cause abdominal cramps, nausea, diarrhea, heartburn, and reduced appetite. Taurine can cause constipation, diarrhea, or indigestion. These tend to happen at higher doses and usually improve with consistent use.
Does beta-alanine actually work for workouts?
Beta-alanine is rated possibly effective for athletic performance and physical performance based on the evidence we have. For other uses like cognitive function or age-related decline, the evidence isn't established.
What is L-carnitine supposed to do?
L-carnitine is effective for treating actual L-carnitine deficiency. It's also rated possibly effective for congestive heart failure, high cholesterol, and angina, though in this pre-workout its performance benefit is what's being marketed.
What do the amino acids in this do?
The branched-chain amino acids (L-isoleucine, L-valine, L-leucine) and the other amino acids (L-arginine, citrulline) are meant to support muscle performance and recovery during exercise, but we don't have established effectiveness ratings for them in our data.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if RapidDrive Pre-Workout Amino Complex Fruit Punch is safe with your meds?

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Ask a pharmacist

Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

RapidDrive Pre-Workout Amino Complex Fruit Punch label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind RapidDrive Pre-Workout Amino Complex Fruit Punch’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Beta-alanine

Beta-alanine is an amino acid taken mostly by athletes to raise muscle carnosine, which may help buffer acid and reduce fatigue during short, high-intensity exercise. The evidence is moderat...

Read the full Beta-alanine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Taurine

Interacts with 173 drugs

Taurine is an amino acid your body makes naturally and that you also get from animal foods. It is widely used in energy drinks and sports supplements, and short-term use appears generally sa...

Read the full Taurine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

L-carnitine

Interacts with 19 drugs

L-carnitine is a compound your body makes naturally and also gets from foods like meat. It helps cells turn fat into energy, and supplements are most clearly useful for people with a true ca...

Read the full L-carnitine monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

RapidDrive Pre-Workout Amino Complex Fruit Punch's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 75 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Beta-alanine 13 references
  1. Harris RC, Tallon MJ, Dunnett M, et al. The absorption of orally supplied beta-alanine and its effect on muscle carnosine synthesis in human vastus lateralis. Amino Acids 2006;30:279-89.
  2. Hill CA, Harris RC, Kim HJ, et al. Influence of beta-alanine supplementation on skeletal muscle carnosine concentrations and high intensity cycling capacity. Amino Acids 2007;32:225-33.
  3. Bellinger PM, Minahan CL. The effect of ß-alanine supplementation on cycling time trials of different length. Eur J Sport Sci 2016;16(7):829-36.
  4. Chung W, Shaw G, Anderson ME, et al. Effect of 10 week beta-alanine supplementation on competition and training performance in elite swimmers. Nutrients 2012;4(10):1441-53. PubMed
  5. Glenn JM, Gray M, Stewart R, et al. Incremental effects of 28 days of beta-alanine supplementation on high-intensity cycling performance and blood lactate in masters female cyclists. Amino Acids 2015;47(12):2593-600. PubMed
  6. Gross M, Bieri K, Hoppeler H, Norman B, Vogt M. Beta-alanine supplementation improves jumping power and affects severe-intensity performance in professional alpine skiers. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2014;24(6):665-73. PubMed
  7. Howe ST, Bellinger PM, Driller MW, Shing CM, Fell JW. The effect of beta-alanine supplementation on isokinetic force and cycling performance in highly trained cyclists. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2013;23(6):562-70. PubMed
  8. Sweeney KM, Wright GA, Glenn Brice A, Doberstein ST. The effect of beta-alanine supplementation on power performance during repeated sprint activity. J Strength Cond Res 2010;24(1):79-87.
  9. Décombaz J, Beaumont M, Vuichoud J, Bouisset F, Stellingwerff T. Effect of slow-release ß-alanine tablets on absorption kinetics and paresthesia. Amino Acids 2012;43(1):67-76. Erratum in: Amino Acids 2013;45(4):1015.
  10. Stellingwerff T, Anwander H, Egger A, et al. Effect of two ß-alanine dosing protocols on muscle carnosine synthesis and washout. Amino Acids 2012;42(6):2461-72. PubMed
  11. da Silva RP, de Oliveira LF, Saunders B, et al. Effects of ß-alanine and sodium bicarbonate supplementation on the estimated energy system contribution during high-intensity intermittent exercise. Amino Acids. 2019;51(1):83-96. PubMed
  12. Varanoske AN, Hoffman JR, Church DD, et al. Comparison of sustained-release and rapid-release ß-alanine formulations on changes in skeletal muscle carnosine and histidine content and isometric performance following a muscle-damaging protocol. Amino Acids. PubMed
  13. Perim P, Gobbi N, Duarte B, et al. Beta-alanine did not improve high-intensity performance throughout simulated road cycling. Eur J Sport Sci 2021. PubMed

See these in context on the Beta-alanine monograph →

Taurine 21 references
  1. Ahmad S, Robertson HT, Golper TA, et al. Multicenter trial of L-carnitine in maintenance hemodialysis patients. II. Clinical and biochemical effects. Kidney Int 1990;38:912-8. PubMed
  2. Machado-Vieira R, Viale CI, Kapczinski F. Mania associated with an energy drink: the possible role of caffeine, taurine, and inositol. Can J Psychiatry 2001;46:454-5. PubMed
  3. Obermann M, Schorn CF, Mummel P, et al. Taurine induced toxic encephalopathy? Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2006;108:812-3. PubMed
  4. Bichler, A., Swenson, A., and Harris, M. A. A combination of caffeine and taurine has no effect on short term memory but induces changes in heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure. Amino Acids 2006;31(4):471-476. PubMed
  5. Iyadurai, S. J. and Chung, S. S. New-onset seizures in adults: possible association with consumption of popular energy drinks. Epilepsy Behav 2007;10(3):504-508. PubMed
  6. Berger, A. J. and Alford, K. Cardiac arrest in a young man following excess consumption of caffeinated "energy drinks". Med J Aust. 1-5-2009;190(1):41-43. PubMed
  7. Worthley, M. I., Prabhu, A., De, Sciscio P., Schultz, C., Sanders, P., and Willoughby, S. R. Detrimental effects of energy drink consumption on platelet and endothelial function. Am J Med 2010;123(2):184-187. PubMed
  8. Morchon, Simon D. and Perez Castrillon, J. L. [Hypoglycemia by intake of taurine]. Rev.Clin Esp. 2010;210(1):49.
  9. Livshits, Z., Hoffman, R. S., Hymes, K. B., and Nelson, L. S. If vitamins could kill: massive hemolysis following naturopathic vitamin infusion. J Med Toxicol. 2011;7(3):224-226. PubMed
  10. Schoffl, I., Kothmann, J. F., Schoffl, V., Rupprecht, H. D., and Rupprecht, T. "Vodka energy": too much for the adolescent nephron? Pediatrics 2011;128(1):e227-e231. PubMed
  11. Calabro, R. S., Italiano, D., Gervasi, G., and Bramanti, P. Single tonic-clonic seizure after energy drink abuse. Epilepsy Behav 2012;23(3):384-385. PubMed
  12. Fujita, T., Ando, K., Noda, H., Ito, Y., and Sato, Y. Effects of increased adrenomedullary activity and taurine in young patients with borderline hypertension. Circulation 1987;75(3):525-532. PubMed
  13. Darling, P. B., Lepage, G., Leroy, C., Masson, P., and Roy, C. C. Effect of taurine supplements on fat absorption in cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Res 1985;19(6):578-582. PubMed
  14. Fukuyama, Y. and Ochiai, Y. Therapeutic trial by taurine for intractable childhood epilepsies. Brain Dev. 1982;4(1):63-69. PubMed
  15. Franconi, F., Bennardini, F., Mattana, A., Miceli, M., Ciuti, M., Mian, M., Gironi, A., Anichini, R., and Seghieri, G. Plasma and platelet taurine are reduced in subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: effects of taurine supplementation. Am.J. DOI
  16. Stohs SJ, Miller M. A case study involving allergic reactions to sulfur-containing compounds including, sulfite, taurine, acesulfame potassium and sulfonamides. Food Chem Toxicol. 2014 Jan;63:240-3. PubMed
  17. Sun Q, Wang B, Li Y, Sun F, et al. Taurine supplementation lowers blood pressure and improves vascular function in prehypertension: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Hypertension 2016 Mar;67(3):541-9. PubMed
  18. Jang ES, Hwang SH, Kim JW, Jeong SH. Effectiveness of 4-week oral taurine treatment for muscle cramps in patients with liver cirrhosis: a single-arm pilot study. Yonsei Med J 2021;62(1):21-8. PubMed
  19. Guan L, Miao P. The effects of taurine supplementation on obesity, blood pressure and lipid profile: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Pharmacol 2020;885:173533. PubMed
  20. Higgins JP, Liras GN, Liras IN, et al. Energy Drink Effects on Hemodynamics and Endothelial Function in Young Adults. Cardiology. 2021;146(2):258-262. PubMed
  21. Pallangyo P, Bhalia SV, Komba M, et al. Acute Myocardial Infarction Following the Consumption of Energy Drink in a 28-Year-Old Male: A Case Report. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep. 2023 Jan-Dec;11:23247096231168811. PubMed

See these in context on the Taurine monograph →

L-carnitine 41 references
  1. Ellaway CM, Williams K, Leonard H, et al. Rett syndrome: randomized controlled trial of L-carnitine. J Child Neurol 1999;14:162-7. PubMed
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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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