Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Royal Oil Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by North American Herb & Spice

Royal Oil label
See full label image
Liquid Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Royal Oil against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Royal Oil is a dietary supplement by North American Herb & Spice with 6 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for diarrhea (especially in children), cocoa/chocolate substitute, digestive upset.Based on those ingredients, 2,183 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Carob Molasses, Clove, Cinnamon. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Royal Oil by North American Herb & Spice

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Royal Oil by North American Herb & Spice — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Royal Oil by North American Herb & Spice

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Sep 10, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 1 of its 6 active ingredients.
  • “Multi-Spice Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label doesn't break down how much of each component you get.

Royal Oil is a liquid blend of six active ingredients: cinnamon, clove, oregano, carob molasses, royal jelly (fresh and undiluted), and pumpkin seed oil. Each plays a traditional role in herbal formulations—cinnamon and clove for digestive and metabolic support, oregano as an antimicrobial herb, carob molasses as a soothing agent, royal jelly as a nutrient-rich bee product, and pumpkin seed oil for urinary and prostate health.

The product contains no inactive ingredients listed.

Does it work?

Not established
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Not established

The graded evidence we hold for these ingredients covers different conditions than the ones this product is marketed for, so there's no established rating for its stated use.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: healthy adrenal support and stress relief.
  • We looked for evidence on: Adrenal insufficiency, Stress-related fatigue, HPA axis dysfunction, Cortisol support.
  • The closest evidence on file: Royal Jelly is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Cancer-related fatigue (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Royal Jelly is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Chemotherapy-related fatigue.
  • Also on file: Cassia Cinnamon is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Erectile dysfunction (ED).

The evidence for Royal Oil's ingredients is mixed and often limited. Cinnamon, clove, and oregano all lack reliable evidence for the conditions they're traditionally used for—claims around blood sugar, cold symptoms, digestion, and respiratory health are rated insufficient to rate or based on limited data.

Royal jelly shows possibly effective evidence for menopausal symptoms but is rated possibly ineffective for hay fever, physical performance, and diabetes. Pumpkin seed oil is possibly effective for benign prostatic hyperplasia (enlarged prostate), though evidence for hair loss and urinary tract infections is insufficient.

Carob molasses is possibly effective for diarrhea. Overall, if you're considering this product, talk with your doctor about whether the evidence supports its use for your specific concern.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Carob Royal Jelly Pumpkin Cassia Cinnamon Clove Oregano

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 6 of the 6 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 6 of 6.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 6 of 6.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Most ingredients are well tolerated in food amounts, but this product is a concentrated supplement, so caution applies. Cinnamon can be problematic at high doses or over long periods due to its coumarin content, which may harm the liver; a rash and one hypoglycemic seizure have been reported in trials.

Clove oil is toxic in small amounts (5–10 mL can harm children) and carries rare risk of liver failure; topical use causes burning and irritation. Oregano is safe as food but avoided in medicinal doses during pregnancy; systemic allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, are rare but documented.

Royal jelly is the biggest safety concern: people with asthma or atopy face high rates of allergic symptoms (itching, hives, swelling, breathing trouble) and rare but serious risks of anaphylaxis and death. Pumpkin seed oil is generally well tolerated but can cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea; two cases of hair loss have been reported after consuming high-cucurbitacin pumpkins.

Carob is safe as food but limited data exist on concentrated supplement doses.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Carob Royal Jelly Pumpkin Cassia Cinnamon Clove Oregano

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 6 of the 6 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Clove, Carob, Royal Jelly, Oregano, Pumpkin, among others.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; diabetes medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 2,184 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking Royal Oil, check with your doctor or pharmacist if you take diabetes medications (insulin, metformin, etc.—cinnamon, clove, and oregano may lower blood sugar further), blood thinners like warfarin or antiplatelet drugs such as aspirin (royal jelly, oregano, and clove carry bleeding risk), blood-pressure medications (royal jelly may lower pressure further), or lithium (pumpkin seed oil may raise lithium levels). Avoid this product if you have asthma or a history of allergies unless cleared by your provider.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with no established evidence rating for its marketed use. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This blend suits people interested in traditional herbal support for digestion or general wellness, but anyone taking diabetes medications, blood thinners, blood-pressure drugs, or lithium should check with their own doctor or pharmacist first. Those with asthma or allergies should be especially cautious given royal jelly's allergy risk.

The evidence for most ingredients is weak, so clarify with your healthcare provider whether this product is right for your goals.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 6 of 6 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Mar 22, 2024.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Royal Oil, straight from the product label.

Brand North American Herb & Spice
Barcode (UPC) 635824000341
Net contents 2 Ounce(s); 60 mL
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Mar 22, 2024
DSLD ID 307968
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Liquid
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Royal Oil by North American Herb & Spice, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
3 Gram(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
3 Gram(s)
Servings per container
20
UPC/BARCODE
635824000341
IngredientAmount% DV
Cinnamon0 NP--
Clove0 NP--
Oregano0 NP--
Carob Molasses0 NP--
Royal Jelly, Fresh, Undiluted1300 mg--
Pumpkin Seed Oil, Cold-Pressed0 NP--
Multi-Spice Blend0 NP--

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Directions: Take 1/2 tsp. as needed under the tongue. Always use a clean spoon to avoid contamination. Stir before use.

Formula

Royal Oil is the power of high-potency royal jelly emulsified in raw Austrian pumpkin seed oil. It's the only stabilized, raw royal jelly available. Royal jelly is high in natural steroids, 10-HDA and B vitamins.

Stabilized, emulsified royal jelly

Storage

Since it is stabilized you can always take it with you: no need to refrigerate.

Formulation

To support adrenal health and more take it daily. Helps fight stress.

Maximum strength Healthy adrenal support

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

General Statements

1-847-473-4700

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Royal Oil by North American Herb & Spice label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Royal Oil label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Royal Oil by North American Herb & Spice

These are the 6 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size3 Gram(s) Dosage formLiquid Servings per container20 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Carob Molasses

Interacts with
2,022 drugs
0 NP per serving

Carob is a Mediterranean tree whose pods are widely used as a caffeine-free, naturally sweet cocoa alternative and as a thickener (carob gum). It is m...

Carob Molasses monograph & interactions

Royal Jelly, Fresh, Undiluted

Interacts with
174 drugs
1300 mg per serving

Royal jelly is a nutrient-rich substance made by worker bees to feed the queen bee. People take it for menopause symptoms, energy, skin, and immune su...

Royal Jelly, Fresh, Undiluted monograph & interactions

Pumpkin Seed Oil, Cold-Pressed

Interacts with
1 drug
0 NP per serving

Pumpkin is a nutritious squash, and its seeds and seed oil are the parts most often used as supplements, mainly for urinary and prostate symptoms. The...

Pumpkin Seed Oil, Cold-Pressed monograph & interactions

Multi-Spice Blend

0 NP per serving
Interaction report

Royal Oil by North American Herb & Spice Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Royal Oil?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
2,183Drugs
1,237 Moderate 946 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Carob Molasses 2,022
Clove 977
Cinnamon 442
Oregano 208
Royal Jelly, Fresh, Undiluted 174

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Royal Oil interact with 2,183 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

6 of the 6 ingredients in Royal Oil interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Carob Molasses Clove Cinnamon Oregano Royal Jelly, Fresh, Undiluted Pumpkin Seed Oil, Cold-Pressed

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Royal Oil with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Carob Molasses1 drug type · 2,022 drugs

Oral Drugs

Theoretically, carob might also impair the absorption of oral drugs.
Laboratory research shows that carob, when consumed as part of the diet or used as a thickening agent in infant formula, reduces the absorption of certain minerals. Take carob 30-60 minutes after oral medications.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Carob Molasses full monograph & interactions

Clove7 drug types · 977 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use of clove extracts with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Clinical and laboratory research suggest that polyphenol extracts from clove flower buds might lower blood glucose levels. Dosing adjustments for insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents may be necessary when taken with clove. Monitor blood glucose levels closely.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
In vitro research shows that eugenol, the principal constituent of clove, can inhibit CYP1A2 in a dose-dependent manner,. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
In vitro research shows that eugenol, the principal constituent of clove, inhibits CYP2C9 in a dose-dependent manner. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates

Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
In vitro research shows that eugenol, the principal constituent of clove, can inhibit CYP2D6 in a dose-dependent manner. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
In vitro research shows that eugenol, the principal constituent of clove, can inhibit CYP3A4 in a dose-dependent manner. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, clove oil may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Laboratory research suggests that eugenol, a constituent of clove, has antiplatelet activity. This interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Ibuprofen (Advil, Others)

Theoretically, topical application of clove oil with ibuprofen might increase the absorption and side effects of topical ibuprofen.
Laboratory research shows that topical application of clove oil increases the absorption of topical ibuprofen. This interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Clove full monograph & interactions

Cinnamon2 drug types · 442 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, cassia cinnamon may have additive effects with antidiabetes drugs.
Cassia cinnamon may lower blood glucose levels, and have additive effects in patients treated with antidiabetic agents. Dose adjustments to diabetes medications might be necessary.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Hepatotoxic Drugs

Theoretically, large doses of cassia cinnamon might cause additive effects when used with hepatotoxic drugs.
There is some concern that ingesting large amounts of cassia cinnamon for an extended duration might cause hepatotoxicity in some people. Cassia cinnamon contains coumarin, which can cause hepatotoxicity in animal models. In humans, very high doses of coumarin from 50-7000 mg/day can result in hepatotoxicity that resolves when coumarin use is discontinued. Lower amounts might also cause liver problems in sensitive people, such as those with liver disease or those taking potentially hepatotoxic agents.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cinnamon full monograph & interactions

Oregano2 drug types · 208 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, oregano might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro research shows that aristolochic acid isolated from oregano leaves has antithrombin activity. It has also been reported that oregano oil inhibits arachidonic acid-induced, and ADP-induced, platelet aggregation.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, oregano might increase the risk for hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
In vitro and animal research shows that oregano extracts might lower blood glucose levels.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Oregano full monograph & interactions

Royal Jelly, Fresh, Undiluted2 drug types · 174 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, royal jelly might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Animal research suggests that royal jelly might lower blood pressure.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Royal jelly might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with warfarin.
In one case, an 87-year-old male who was previously stabilized on warfarin developed hematuria and was found to have an INR of 7.29 after taking a royal jelly supplement for one week.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Royal Jelly, Fresh, Undiluted full monograph & interactions

Pumpkin Seed Oil, Cold-Pressed1 drug type · 1 drug

Lithium

Pumpkin might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium.
Pumpkin is thought to have diuretic properties. Theoretically, this might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium. The dose of lithium might need to be decreased.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Pumpkin Seed Oil, Cold-Pressed full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Royal Oil, from the product label.

North American Herb & Spice

See all North American Herb & Spice products
Name
North American Herb & Spice
Street Address
13900 W. Polo Trail Drive
City
Lake Forest
State
IL
ZipCode
60045
Phone Number
1-800-243-5242
Web Address
www.oreganol.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Royal Oil by North American Herb & Spice: Common Questions

Does Royal Oil by North American Herb & Spice interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Royal Oil has a known interaction with 2,183 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Royal Oil contains 6 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is Royal Oil safe if I take diabetes medication?
Cinnamon, clove, and oregano in this blend may lower blood sugar, potentially adding to your medication's effect and raising hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) risk. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist before adding it; they may need to adjust your dose or monitor your levels more closely.
Can I use Royal Oil if I'm on warfarin or another blood thinner?
No, without first talking to your doctor. One case report documented a patient whose blood-thinning level became dangerously high after just one week of royal jelly. Clove and oregano may also increase bleeding risk. Your prescriber needs to know if you're considering this product.
What's royal jelly, and why is it risky for some people?
Royal jelly is a nutrient-rich secretion made by honeybees. If you have asthma or a history of allergies, you're at high risk for allergic reactions—ranging from itching and hives to severe breathing problems, anaphylaxis, and even death in rare cases. Avoid it unless your allergist says it's safe.
Will Royal Oil actually help with my digestion or energy?
The evidence is weak. Carob molasses is possibly effective for diarrhea, and pumpkin seed oil may help with prostate health, but cinnamon, clove, and oregano lack solid proof for most traditional claims. Ask your doctor if this blend fits your actual health goal.
Is Royal Oil safe during pregnancy or while breastfeeding?
No clear answer from the data we hold. Cinnamon and clove are likely safe in food amounts but should be avoided as medicinal doses in pregnancy. Oregano is possibly unsafe in pregnancy. Royal jelly and pumpkin seed oil have insufficient safety information for pregnancy or breastfeeding. Discuss with your doctor before use.
Can clove oil in this product cause harm?
Clove is safe as a spice in food but concentrated in this liquid supplement. Pure clove oil in even small amounts (5–10 mL) is toxic to children. Topical use can cause burning and irritation; rare serious effects include liver failure. Do not give to children and keep away from skin without dilution.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Royal Oil label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Royal Oil’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Carob

Interacts with 2,022 drugs

Carob is a Mediterranean tree whose pods are widely used as a caffeine-free, naturally sweet cocoa alternative and as a thickener (carob gum). It is mostly eaten as a food and is generally w...

Read the full Carob monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Royal Jelly

Interacts with 174 drugs

Royal jelly is a nutrient-rich substance made by worker bees to feed the queen bee. People take it for menopause symptoms, energy, skin, and immune support, but solid human evidence is limit...

Read the full Royal Jelly monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Pumpkin

Interacts with 1 drug

Pumpkin is a nutritious squash, and its seeds and seed oil are the parts most often used as supplements, mainly for urinary and prostate symptoms. The evidence for these uses is limited and...

Read the full Pumpkin monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Cassia Cinnamon

Interacts with 442 drugs

Cassia cinnamon is the common, inexpensive cinnamon used in cooking, and it is also taken as a supplement, most often for blood sugar support. The evidence for its health benefits is mixed a...

Read the full Cassia Cinnamon monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Clove

Interacts with 977 drugs

Clove is a common cooking spice that is also used in traditional medicine, especially as a topical numbing agent for tooth pain thanks to its main compound, eugenol. Food amounts are general...

Read the full Clove monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Oregano

Interacts with 208 drugs

Oregano is a common Mediterranean cooking herb that is also sold as a concentrated oil or supplement, often standardized for a compound called carvacrol. While lab studies suggest it may hav...

Read the full Oregano monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Royal Oil's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 86 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Cassia Cinnamon 20 references
  1. Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 182 -- Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182
  2. Khan A, Safdar M, Ali Khan M, et al. Cinnamon improves glucose and lipids of people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2003;26:3215-8. PubMed
  3. De Benito V, Alzaga R. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from cassia (Chinese cinnamon) as a flavouring agent in coffee. Contact Dermatitis 1999;40:165. PubMed
  4. Drake TE, Maibach HI. Allergic contact dermatitis and stomatitis caused by a cinnamic aldehyde-flavored toothpaste. Arch Dermatol 1976;112:202-3.
  5. Press release. Cinnamon capsules to reduce blood sugar are medicinal products! Efficacy has not been scientifically proven - some products contain high levels of coumarin. Federal Institute of Risk Assessment (BfM), Germany, November 11, 2006. Available a
  6. Felter SP, Vassallo JD, Carlton BD, Daston GP. A safety assessment of coumarin taking into account species-specificity of toxicokinetics. Food Chem Toxicol 2006;44:462-75. PubMed
  7. Crawford P. Effectiveness of cinnamon for lowering hemoglobin A1C in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, controlled trial. J Am Board Fam Med 2009;22:507-12. PubMed
  8. Akilen, R., Tsiami, A., Devendra, D., and Robinson, N. Glycated haemoglobin and blood pressure-lowering effect of cinnamon in multi-ethnic Type 2 diabetic patients in the UK: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial. Diabet.Med. 2010; PubMed
  9. Lu T, Sheng H Wu J Cheng Y Zhu J Chen Y. Cinnamon extract improves fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin level in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. Nutr Res. 2012;32(6):408-412. PubMed
  10. Choi, J., Lee, K. T., Ka, H., Jung, W. T., Jung, H. J., and Park, H. J. Constituents of the essential oil of the Cinnamomum cassia stem bark and the biological properties. Arch Pharm Res 2001;24(5):418-423.
  11. Altschuler JA, Casella SJ, MacKenzie TA, Curtis KM. The effect of cinnamon on A1C among adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2007;30(4):813-6. PubMed
  12. Stoecker BR, Zhan Z, Luo R, et al. Cinnamon extract lowers blood glucose in hyperglycemic subjects. FASEB J. 2010;22:722.1 (Abstract only). DOI
  13. Admani S, Hill H, Jacob SE. Cinnamon Sugar Scrub Dermatitis: "Natural" Is Not Always Best. Pediatr Dermatol. 2017;34(1):e42-e43. PubMed
  14. Isaac-Renton M, Li MK, Parsons LM. Cinnamon spice and everything not nice: many features of intraoral allergy to cinnamic aldehyde. Dermatitis. 2015;26(3):116-21. PubMed
  15. Vandersall A, Katta R. Eyelid dermatitis as a manifestation of systemic contact dermatitis to cinnamon. Dermatitis. 2015 Jul-Aug;26(4):189. PubMed
  16. Wickenberg J, Lindstedt S, Nilsson J, Hlebowicz J. Cassia cinnamon does not change the insulin sensitivity or the liver enzymes in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. Nutr J 2014 Sep 24;13:96. PubMed
  17. Brancheau D, Patel B, Zughaib M. Do cinnamon supplements cause acute hepatitis? Am J Case Rep 2015;16:250-4. PubMed
  18. Shekarchizadeh-Esfahani P, Heydarpour F, Izadi F, Jalili C. The effect of cinnamon supplementation on liver enzymes in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Complement Ther Med 2021;58:102699. PubMed
  19. Bernaola J, Valverde-Monge M, Otal-Buesa M, Cullen D, Heras-Mendaza F. Cinnamon allergic contact cheilitis. Contact Dermatitis 2023;88(5):418-419. PubMed
  20. Patel K, Howard M, Tate B. Cheilitis caused by allergic contact dermatitis to cinnamon in chai tea: A case report. Contact Dermatitis 2023;88(3):239-240. PubMed

See these in context on the Cassia Cinnamon monograph →

Clove 26 references
  1. The Review of Natural Products by Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO: Wolters Kluwer Co., 1999.
  2. Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 182 -- Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182
  3. Kanerva L, Estlander T, Jolanki R. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from spices. Contact Dermatitis 1996;35:157-62. PubMed
  4. Chen SJ, Wang MH, Chen IJ. Antiplatelet and calcium inhibitory properties of eugenol and sodium eugenol acetate. Gen Pharmacol 1996;27:629-33. PubMed
  5. Malson JL, Lee EM, Murty R, et al. Clove cigarette smoking: biochemical, physiological, and subjective effects. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2003;74:739-45. PubMed
  6. Kirsch CM, Yenokida GG, Jensen WA, et al. Non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema due to the intravenous administration of clove oil. Thorax 1990;45:235-6. PubMed
  7. Pallares, D. E. Link between clove cigarettes and urticaria? Postgrad.Med 10-1-1999;106(4):153. PubMed
  8. Barnard, D. R. Repellency of essential oils to mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). J Med Entomol. 1999;36(5):625-629. PubMed
  9. Sanchez-Perez, J. and Garcia-Diez, A. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from eugenol, oil of cinnamon and oil of cloves in a physiotherapist. Contact Dermatitis 1999;41(6):346-347. PubMed
  10. Andersen, K. E., Johansen, J. D., Bruze, M., Frosch, P. J., Goossens, A., Lepoittevin, J. P., Rastogi, S., White, I., and Menne, T. The time-dose-response relationship for elicitation of contact dermatitis in isoeugenol allergic individuals. Toxicol.Appl PubMed
  11. Alqareer, A., Alyahya, A., and Andersson, L. The effect of clove and benzocaine versus placebo as topical anesthetics. J Dent 2006;34(10):747-750. PubMed
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Oregano 12 references
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Carob 9 references
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Royal Jelly 14 references
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Pumpkin 5 references
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See these in context on the Pumpkin monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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