Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Based on 3 of 5 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Sports Series Fruit Punch Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by MET-Rx

Sports Series Fruit Punch label
See full label image
Powder Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Major
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Sports Series Fruit Punch against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

Sports Series Fruit Punch is a dietary supplement by MET-Rx with 5 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for replacing fluids and electrolytes, preventing dehydration during exercise or illness, treating low blood sodium (under medical care).Based on those ingredients, 583 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Vitamin A, Sodium, L-Citrulline DL-Malate. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Sports Series Fruit Punch by MET-Rx

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Sports Series Fruit Punch by MET-Rx — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Sports Series Fruit Punch by MET-Rx

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Sep 10, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 4 of its 4 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

This powder has 4 active ingredients. Sodium provides electrolytes to support hydration during exercise.

Vitamin A is an antioxidant and immune nutrient. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) — leucine, isoleucine, and valine — are building blocks your muscles use during and after workouts.

L-citrulline DL-malate is an amino acid compound that may support blood flow and athletic endurance. The product also contains inactive ingredients — maltodextrin, fructose, natural flavors, red beet juice concentrate, silica, acesulfame potassium, sucralose, soy lecithin, and citric acid — which act as sweeteners, thickeners, and flavoring.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: enhance high intensity endurance and athletic performance.
  • We looked for evidence on: Athletic performance, exercise capacity, muscle endurance, sports performance.
  • The strongest evidence on file: L-citrulline is rated "Possibly Effective" for Athletic performance (Natural Medicines).

Vitamin A is effective for vitamin A deficiency and has possibly effective evidence for oral leukoplakia, aging skin, measles, ulcerative colitis, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. L-citrulline has possibly effective evidence for athletic performance but possibly ineffective evidence for sarcopenia; evidence for cardiovascular disease, heart failure, Reye syndrome, and diabetes is insufficient.

We don't hold effectiveness data for sodium or branched-chain amino acids in our files.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Sodium Vitamin A L-citrulline

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 3 of the 3 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 3 of 3.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 3 of 3.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Sodium is generally well tolerated at normal dietary amounts, but excess intake is linked to high blood pressure and heart strain. Avoid sodium supplements or very high intake without checking with your doctor first.

Vitamin A is generally well tolerated at recommended doses, but high doses can build up in your body and become toxic, causing liver damage, headache, and skin problems. Branched-chain amino acids appear generally well tolerated, though long-term safety isn't fully studied.

L-citrulline is generally well tolerated in healthy adults; the most common side effects are gastrointestinal discomfort and heartburn.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Sodium Vitamin A L-citrulline

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 3 of the 3 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Vitamin A, L-citrulline, Sodium.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; lithium.
  • For scale: 584 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this product, double-check with your doctor or pharmacist if you're on retinoids (Major severity), blood pressure medications, corticosteroids, lithium, didanosine (HIV drug), sodium phosphate laxatives, tolvaptan, warfarin or other blood thinners, tetracycline antibiotics, drugs that can stress your liver, or phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors like sildenafil (all Moderate severity).

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product is designed for athletes seeking hydration and workout support. If you take blood pressure medications, lithium, retinoid skin drugs, blood thinners, tetracycline antibiotics, or any medications that contain sodium or that stress your liver, you need to check with your doctor or pharmacist before taking this product — the interactions could affect how well your drugs work or raise your risk of side effects.

Generally, discuss this product with your own healthcare provider to make sure it fits your health situation.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 3 of 4 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jul 25, 2016.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Sports Series Fruit Punch, straight from the product label.

Brand MET-Rx
Barcode (UPC) 786560671002
Net contents 13.75 oz.; 390 Gram(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Jul 25, 2016
DSLD ID 63128
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Powder
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Sports Series Fruit Punch by MET-Rx, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
26 Gram(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
26 Gram(s)
Servings per container
30
UPC/BARCODE
786560671002
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories70 Calorie(s), 35 Calorie(s)--
Total Carbohydrates11 Gram(s), 6 Gram(s)4%, 2%
Sugar5 Gram(s), 3 Gram(s)--
Sodium5 mg, 0 mg1%, 1%
Vitamin A1670 IU, 835 IU33%, 17%
Branched-Chain Amino Acids5 Gram(s), 2.5 Gram(s)--
L-Citrulline DL-Malate8 Gram(s), 4 Gram(s)--

Other ingredients: Maltodextrin, Fructose, Natural Flavors, Red Beet juice concentrate, Silica, Acesulfame Potassium, Sucralose, Soy Lecithin, Citric Acid

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
General Statements

PRE-GAME ENDURANCE

Citrulline helps you squeeze out those 1-2 extra reps per set when doing high volume lifting in the gym, to give you that extra edge over the competition on the field.*

Per 2 scoop serving

Servings Per Container about 30 about 15

Contents are sold by weight. Some settling may occur.

Formula

BCAAs & CITRULLINE

We combined 5g of BCAAs per serving with a powerful dose of Citrulline Malate to produce a formula that works to enhance high intensity endurance while also giving you a jumpstart on recovery.*

Perfect for athletes involved in soccer, lacrosse, basketball and other high intensity sports.*

HIGH INTENSITY ATHLETES

8g Citrulline Improve High Intensity Endurance 5 g BCAAs Muscle Tissue Energy

Contains soy ingredients.

Precautions

WARNING: If you are pregnant, nursing, taking any medications or have any medical condition, consult your doctor before use.

Discontinue use and consult your doctor if any adverse reactions occur.

Not intended for use by persons under the age of 18.

KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN.

TAMPER RESISTANT: DO NOT USE IF SEAL UNDER CAP IS BROKEN OR MISSING.

Contains soy ingredients.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

Storage

STORE AT ROOM TEMPERATURE AND AVOID EXCESSIVE HEAT.

Brand IP Statement(s)

2016

MET-RX SPORTS NUTRITION

General

67100 00A B59861

FDA Statement of Identity

DIETARY SUPPLEMENT

Formulation

Stimulant Free

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

DIRECTIONS: Mix two (2) scoops (26g) with 16 fl. oz. of water. Drink the complete serving 30-60 minutes prior to exercise.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Sports Series Fruit Punch by MET-Rx label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Sports Series Fruit Punch label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Sports Series Fruit Punch by MET-Rx

These are the 5 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size26 Gram(s) Dosage formPowder Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Sugar

5 Gram(s) per serving

Sodium

Interacts with
205 drugs
5 mg per serving

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets g...

Sodium monograph & interactions

Vitamin A

Interacts with
387 drugs
1670 IU per serving Form: Beta-Carotene

Vitamin A is an essential nutrient important for vision, skin, immune function, and growth. Most people get enough from a balanced diet, and supplemen...

Vitamin A monograph & interactions

Branched-Chain Amino Acids

5 Gram(s) per serving Form: L-Isoleucine, L-Leucine, L-Valine

L-Citrulline DL-Malate

Interacts with
178 drugs
8 Gram(s) per serving

L-citrulline is an amino acid that the body turns into L-arginine to help make nitric oxide, which relaxes blood vessels and may improve blood flow. I...

L-Citrulline DL-Malate monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Maltodextrin, Fructose, Natural Flavors, Red Beet juice concentrate, Silica, Acesulfame Potassium, Sucralose, Soy Lecithin, Citric Acid. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Sports Series Fruit Punch by MET-Rx Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Sports Series Fruit Punch?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
583Drugs
9 Major 574 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Vitamin A 387
Sodium 205
L-Citrulline DL-Malate 178

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Sports Series Fruit Punch interact with 583 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

3 of the 5 ingredients in Sports Series Fruit Punch interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Vitamin A Sodium L-Citrulline DL-Malate

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Sports Series Fruit Punch with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Vitamin A4 drug types · 387 drugs

Retinoids

Concomitant use of retinoids with vitamin A supplements might produce supratherapeutic vitamin A levels.
Retinoids, which are vitamin A derivatives, could have additive toxic effects when taken with vitamin A supplements.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Hepatotoxic Drugs

Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.
The tolerable upper intake level (UL) is the highest level of intake that is likely to pose no risk of adverse effects. Doses of vitamin A above the UL can cause hepatotoxicity, ranging from elevated liver enzymes to liver failure.

Likelihood Possible Evidence C
Tetracycline Antibiotics

Theoretically, taking tetracycline antibiotics with high doses of vitamin A can increase the risk of pseudotumor cerebri.
Benign intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri) can occur with tetracyclines and with acute or chronic vitamin A toxicity. Case reports suggest that taking tetracyclines and vitamin A concurrently can increase the risk of this condition. Avoid high doses of vitamin A in people taking tetracyclines chronically.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, high doses of vitamin A could increase the risk of bleeding with warfarin.
Vitamin A toxicity is associated with hemorrhage and hypoprothrombinemia, possibly due to vitamin K antagonism. Advise patients taking warfarin to avoid doses of vitamin A above the tolerable upper intake level of 10,000 IU/day for adults.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Vitamin A full monograph & interactions

Sodium7 drug types · 205 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
High intake of dietary sodium can increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Also, high intake of sodium may necessitate increased use of antihypertensive medications to achieve blood pressure control in some patients, such as those with chronic kidney disease.

Likelihood Probable Evidence A
Corticosteroids

Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) cause sodium retention. This effect is dose-related and depends on mineralocorticoid potency. It is most common with hydrocortisone, cortisone, and fludrocortisone, followed by prednisone and prednisolone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Didanosine (Videx)

Concomitant use of didanosine with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Didanosine formulations contain a significant amount of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Lithium

Altering dietary intake of sodium might alter the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
High sodium intake can reduce plasma concentrations of lithium by increasing lithium excretion. Reducing sodium intake can significantly increase plasma concentrations of lithium and cause lithium toxicity in patients being treated with lithium carbonate. Stabilizing sodium intake is shown to reduce the percentage of patients with lithium level fluctuations above 0.8 mEq/L. Patients taking lithium should avoid significant alterations in their dietary intake of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Sodium Phosphates

Theoretically, concomitant use of sodium phosphate with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Use of high doses (> 45 mL in 24 hours) of sodium phosphate, such as those used for bowel cleansing before surgery, can lead to serious electrolyte disturbances, including hypernatremia. The risk of hypernatremia is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sodium-Containing Drugs

Concomitant use of sodium-containing drugs with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia and long-term sodium-related complications.
The Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake level of 2.3 grams of sodium daily indicates the intake at which it is believed that chronic disease risk increases for the apparently healthy population. Some medications contain high quantities of sodium. When used in conjunction with sodium supplements or high-sodium diets, the CDRR may be exceeded. Additionally, concomitant use may increase the risk for hypernatremia; this risk is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tolvaptan (Samsca)

Theoretically, concomitant use of tolvaptan with sodium might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Tolvaptan is a vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist that is used to increase sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia. Patients taking tolvaptan should use caution with the use of sodium salts such as sodium chloride.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Sodium full monograph & interactions

L-Citrulline DL-Malate2 drug types · 178 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use of L-citrulline with antihypertensive drugs might have additive effects and increase the chance of hypotension.
L-citrulline is converted to L-arginine, which can increase nitric oxide and cause vasodilation. However, a meta-analysis of 5 small clinical studies suggests that taking L-citrulline 3-6 grams daily for 1-8 weeks does not lower blood pressure when compared with control.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors

Theoretically, concurrent use of phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors and L-citrulline might result in additive vasodilation.
L-citrulline is converted to L-arginine, which can increase nitric oxide and cause vasodilation. Theoretically, taking L-arginine with PDE-5 inhibitors might have additive vasodilatory and hypotensive effects. However, in studies evaluating the combined use of L-arginine and sildenafil for erectile dysfunction, hypotension was not reported.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
L-Citrulline DL-Malate full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Sports Series Fruit Punch, from the product label.

MET-Rx

See all MET-Rx products
Name
MET-Rx Nutrition, Inc.
City
Boca Raton
State
FL
ZipCode
33487
Phone Number
1-800-556-3879
Web Address
www.MET-Rx.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Sports Series Fruit Punch by MET-Rx: Common Questions

Does Sports Series Fruit Punch by MET-Rx interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Sports Series Fruit Punch has a known interaction with 583 medications, including 9 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Sports Series Fruit Punch contains 5 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Will this help my athletic performance?
L-citrulline in this product has possibly effective evidence for athletic performance. The sodium and BCAAs support hydration and muscle recovery during exercise, which is why it's formulated for sports use.
Can I take this if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
Sodium and vitamin A are likely safe at recommended doses during pregnancy and lactation, but vitamin A in high doses is possibly unsafe and can cause birth defects. L-citrulline lacks safety data for pregnancy and breastfeeding, so it's best to avoid it during these times. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist about what's right for you.
What are the side effects?
At normal amounts, this product should be well tolerated. L-citrulline may cause gastrointestinal discomfort, heartburn, or stomach upset in some people. Excess sodium is linked to high blood pressure and heart strain. Very high vitamin A doses can cause fatigue, skin peeling, hair loss, and serious liver damage, though these are rare at recommended intakes.
Is the sodium in this product safe?
Sodium is essential in small amounts, and the amount in a sports drink supports hydration during exercise. Normal dietary sodium is fine for healthy people, but if you have high blood pressure, heart disease, kidney disease, or take blood pressure or lithium medications, check with your doctor before using this product.
What is L-citrulline DL-malate for?
L-citrulline is converted in your body to L-arginine, which may help increase blood flow and oxygen delivery to muscles. It's included in this product to potentially support endurance and workout performance.
What are branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs)?
BCAAs — leucine, isoleucine, and valine — are three essential amino acids your muscles break down during exercise. They're included in this product to support muscle recovery and reduce fatigue during and after workouts.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Sports Series Fruit Punch is safe with your meds?

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Sports Series Fruit Punch label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Sports Series Fruit Punch’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Sodium

Interacts with 205 drugs

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets get more than enough—often too much—from...

Read the full Sodium monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Vitamin A

Interacts with 387 drugs

Vitamin A is an essential nutrient important for vision, skin, immune function, and growth. Most people get enough from a balanced diet, and supplements are mainly useful for correcting a tr...

Read the full Vitamin A monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

L-citrulline

Interacts with 178 drugs

L-citrulline is an amino acid that the body turns into L-arginine to help make nitric oxide, which relaxes blood vessels and may improve blood flow. It is popular for exercise performance an...

Read the full L-citrulline monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Sports Series Fruit Punch's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 77 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Sodium 38 references
  1. Garabedian-Ruffalo SM, Ruffalo RL. Drug and nutrient interactions. Am Fam Physician 1986;33:165-74.
  2. Food and Drug Administration Science Background: Safety of Sodium Phosphates Oral Solution. September 17, 2001. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/safety/sodiumphospate.htm
  3. Coton T, Mallaret C, Coilliot C, Carre D, Guisset M. Severe acute ulcerated gastritis induced by salt. Presse Med 2009;38(3):499-500. PubMed
  4. Frings-Meuthen P, Buehlmeier J, Baecker N, et al. High sodium chloride intake exacerbates immobilization-induced bone resorption and protein losses. J Appl Physiol 2011;111(2):537-542. PubMed
  5. Frings-Meuthen P, Baecker N, Heer M. Low-grade metabolic acidosis may be the cause of sodium chloride-induced exaggerated bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res 2008;23(4):517-524. PubMed
  6. Alam S, Johnson AG. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) among healthy normotensive and essential hypertensive elderly patients to determine the effect of high salt (NaCl) diet of blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13(6):367-74.
  7. Boudville N, Ward S, Benaroia M, House AA. Increased sodium intake correlates with greater use of antihypertensive agents by subjects with chronic kidney disease. Am J Hypertens 2005;18(10):1300-5. PubMed
  8. Bennett WM. Drug interactions and consequences of sodium restriction. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65(2 Suppl):678S-681S. PubMed
  9. Okusa MD, Crystal LJ. Clinical manifestations and management of acute lithium intoxication. Am J Med 1994;97(4):383-9. PubMed
  10. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2005. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10925. DOI
  11. D'Elia L, Rossi G, Ippolito R, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P. Habitual salt intake and risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Clin Nutr 2012;31(4):489-98. PubMed
  12. Goldsmith SR. Hyponatremia in heart failure: time for a trial. J Card Fail 2013;19(6):398-400. PubMed
  13. Willocks L, Brettle R, Keen J, Valentine C, Pinching AJ. Formulations of didanosine (ddI) and salt overload. Lancet 1992;339(8786):190.
  14. Chen L, Zhang Z, Chen W, Whelton PK, Appel LJ. Lower Sodium Intake and Risk of Headaches: Results From the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(7):1270-5. PubMed
  15. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Lower levels of sodium intake and reduced cardiovascular risk. Circulation. 2014;129(9):981-9. PubMed
  16. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Sodium Intake and All-Cause Mortality Over 20 Years in the Trials of Hypertension Prevention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(15):1609-1617. PubMed
  17. Mente A, O'Donnell M, Rangarajan S, et al. Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies. Lancet. 2016;388(10043):465-75. PubMed
  18. Moosavian SP, Haghighatdoost F, Surkan PJ, Azadbakht L. Salt and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2017;68(3):265-277. PubMed
  19. O'Donnell M, Mente A, Rangarajan S, et al. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion, mortality, and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(7):612-23. DOI
  20. Poggio R, Gutierrez L, Matta MG, Elorriaga N, Irazola V, Rubinstein A. Daily sodium consumption and CVD mortality in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Public Health Nutr. 2015;18(4):695-704. PubMed
  21. Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium, Food and Nutrition Board, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington (DC): National Acad
  22. Mahtani KR, Heneghan C, Onakpoya I, et al. Reduced Salt Intake for Heart Failure: A Systematic Review. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1693-1700. PubMed
  23. Yancy CW. Sodium Restriction in Heart Failure: Too Much Uncertainty-Do the Trials. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1700-1701. PubMed
  24. He FJ, Campbell NRC, Ma Y, MacGregor GA, Cogswell ME, Cook NR. Errors in estimating usual sodium intake by the Kawasaki formula alter its relationship with mortality: implications for public health. Int J Epidemiol. 2018;47(6):1784-1795. PubMed
  25. Murthy K, Ondrey GJ, Malkani N, et al. THE EFFECTS OF HYPONATREMIA ON BONE DENSITY AND FRACTURES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Endocr Pract. 2019;25(4):366-378. PubMed
  26. Messerli FH, Hofstetter L, Syrogiannouli L, et al. Sodium intake, life expectancy, and all-cause mortality. Eur Heart J 2021;42(21):2103-2112. PubMed
  27. Graudal NA, Hubeck-Graudal T, Jurgens G. Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, and triglyceride. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020;12(12):CD004022. PubMed
  28. Giatti S, Santos RB, Aielo AN, et al. Association of sodium with obstructive sleep apnea. The ELSA-Brasil study. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021;18(3):502-510. PubMed
  29. Nan X, Lu H, Wu J, et al. The interactive association between sodium intake, alcohol consumption and hypertension among elderly in northern China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2021;21(1):135. PubMed
  30. Kyozuka H, Fukusda T, Murata T, et al. Impact of preconception sodium intake on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: The Japan Environment and Children's study. Pregnancy Hypertens 2021;23:66-72. PubMed
  31. Zhao L, Ogden CL, Yang Q, et al. Association of usual sodium intake with obesity among US children and adolescents, NHANES 2009-2016. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021;29(3):587-594. PubMed
  32. Ma Y, He FJ, Sun Q, et al. 24-Hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion and cardiovascular risk. N Engl J Med 2022;386(3):252-263. PubMed
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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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