Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 3 of 4 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Total Beets Acai Berry Flavor Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Force Factor

Total Beets Acai Berry Flavor label
See full label image
Other (e.g. Tea Bag) Category: Botanical With Nutrients
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Total Beets Acai Berry Flavor against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Total Beets Acai Berry Flavor is a dietary supplement by Force Factor with 4 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for exercise performance, muscle soreness and fatigue, blood flow and circulation.Based on those ingredients, 1,025 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Grape Seed Extract, Beet Root Extract, L-Citrulline. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Total Beets Acai Berry Flavor by Force Factor

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Total Beets Acai Berry Flavor by Force Factor — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Total Beets Acai Berry Flavor by Force Factor

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 0 of its 4 active ingredients.
  • “Total Beets Heart-Healthy Superblend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (325 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

Total Beets Acai Berry Flavor contains 4 active ingredients. L-citrulline is an amino acid your body converts to another amino acid called L-arginine, which supports blood vessel function and blood flow.

Grape Seed Extract is rich in antioxidants called proanthocyanidins. Beet Root Extract and NO3-T (a beet-derived ingredient) are concentrated forms of beet, packed with natural nitrates that help relax blood vessels and support athletic performance.

The product also includes inactive ingredients like rice syrup, cane sugar, rice bran, natural flavors, and others that serve as sweeteners, binders, and flavoring.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: Boost heart-healthy energy with antioxidants.
  • We looked for evidence on: Athletic performance, Cardiovascular disease (CVD), Coronary heart disease (CHD), Dyslipidemia, Exercise-induced muscle damage, Exercise-induced muscle soreness — and 4 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Beet is rated "Possibly Effective" for Athletic performance (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Beet is rated "Possibly Effective" for Exercise-induced muscle soreness.
  • Also on file: L-citrulline is rated "Possibly Effective" for Athletic performance.

L-citrulline is possibly effective for athletic performance. Grape Seed Extract is possibly effective for chronic venous insufficiency (CVI)—a condition where veins in the legs struggle to send blood back to the heart.

Beet Root Extract and NO3-T are both possibly effective for athletic performance and exercise-induced muscle soreness. The evidence for other uses—like heart failure, diabetes, or cognitive function—is either insufficient to rate or suggests the ingredients are possibly ineffective (as with COPD and allergic rhinitis).

The evidence supporting athletic benefit is the strongest.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient L-citrulline Grape Beet

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 3 of the 3 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 3 of 3.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 3 of 3.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

L-citrulline is generally well tolerated in healthy adults, though long-term safety isn't fully studied. The most common side effects are gastrointestinal discomfort and heartburn.

The safety data advises against use during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to lack of adequate data. Grape Seed Extract is generally well tolerated; the most common side effects are abdominal pain, diarrhea, dry mouth, indigestion, headache, joint pain, and nausea.

Anaphylaxis to grape skin is rare. Concentrated grape supplements should be avoided during pregnancy, and there isn't enough information for breastfeeding.

Beet Root Extract and NO3-T are well tolerated for most adults, with the most common side effect being red or black stools (which is harmless). Rare serious effects include low blood calcium (hypocalcemia) and kidney damage with very large amounts.

Concentrated beet supplements lack safety data in pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient L-citrulline Grape Beet

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 3 of the 3 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Beet, Grape, L-citrulline.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs.
  • For scale: 1,026 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this product, check if you're on blood pressure drugs (antihypertensive medications)—L-citrulline could add to their effect and lower your pressure too much. Also check blood thinners and antiplatelet drugs (grape seed extract may increase bleeding risk), any drug that depends on liver enzymes to be cleared (CYP3A4, CYP2D6, CYP1A2, or CYP2E1 substrates—grape seed, beet root, and NO3-T can all change how these work), cyclosporine (an immunosuppressant—grape juice can cut its absorption), and midazolam or other sedatives (long-term grape seed extract may weaken its effect).

Run your exact medications through the checker on this page.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product is built for athletic performance and blood flow support. If you take blood pressure medications, blood thinners, sedatives, immunosuppressants, or any drug processed by your liver, check your specific medications with the tool below first.

Pregnant and breastfeeding people should talk with their pharmacist or doctor before starting, since safety data is thin for the concentrated ingredients here. Generally, expect red or black urine and stools—that's normal and harmless.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 4 of 4 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Oct 24, 2023.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Total Beets Acai Berry Flavor, straight from the product label.

Brand Force Factor
Barcode (UPC) 818594015450
Net contents 60 Chew(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Oct 24, 2023
DSLD ID 297763
Product type Botanical With Nutrients
Supplement form Other (e.g. Tea Bag)
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Total Beets Acai Berry Flavor by Force Factor, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Chew(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Chew(s)
Servings per container
60
UPC/BARCODE
818594015450
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories20 Calorie(s)--
Total Carbohydrates4 Gram(s)1%
L-Citrulline0 NP--
Added Sugars2 Gram(s)4%
Total Sugars2 Gram(s)--
Grape Seed Extract0 NP--
Beet Root Extract0 NP--
Total Beets Heart-Healthy Superblend325 mg--
NO3-T0 NP--

Other ingredients: Rice Syrup, Cane Sugar, Raw, Rice Bran, Natural Flavors, Palm Oil, Sunflower Lecithin, Malic Acid, Fruit Juice, Vegetable Juice, Glycerin

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formula

Beetroot superfood Healthy energy + antioxidants

Safe source of nitrates

With grapeseed extract for antioxidant support

That's why the scientists at Force Factor developed these Total Beets soft chews as a safe source of heart-healthy energy. These delicious chews include nitrates and antioxidants, and help give you an anytime energy boost to tackle whatever life throws your way. This superfood formula features beetroot extract, blended together with antioxidant-rich grapeseed extract in a tasty acai berry chew with no bitter beet aftertaste.

General Statements

Delicious flavor

Boost heart-healthy energy

Too many energy supplements are designed without heart health in mind. Some energy boosters - stimulant-packed energy drinks, for instance - can narrow blood vessels, which forces your heart to work harder to pump blood throughout your body.

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Directions: Consume 1 soft chew twice daily.

Formulation

Ingredients you can trust No artificial colors No artificial sweeteners No gelatin No preservatives

Proudly manufactured in the U.S. from imported and domestic ingredients.

Heart-healthy energy

No matter what you are looking to accomplish, Total Beets soft chews help deliver a clear boost of energy specifically formulated with cardiovascular health in mind so you can fully Unleash Your Potential.

Precautions

Keep out of reach of children. For adult use only.

Allergen warning: Manufactured by equipment which may process products containing milk, eggs, soy, wheat, shellfish, fish, tree nuts, peanuts, and sesame.

Precautions: Use only as directed.

Consult a healthcare professional before use if you are pregnant or nursing, have a medical condition, or use prescription medications. This product contains nitrates and should not be used in combination with other products containing nitrates, including medication for chest pain or erectile dysfunction, such as PDE-5 inhibitors.

Discontinue use two weeks prior to surgery.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place. Protect from heat, light, and moisture.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Brand IP Statement(s)

NO3-T Nitrate Technology NO3-T.com/patents NO3-T is a registered trademark of ThermoLife International LLC. This mark covers the use of one or more patents listed at www.NO3-T.com/patents

Force Factor Unleash your potential

Seals/Symbols

Proudly manufactured in the US from imported and domestic ingredients.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Total Beets Acai Berry Flavor by Force Factor label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Total Beets Acai Berry Flavor label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Total Beets Acai Berry Flavor by Force Factor

These are the 4 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Chew(s) Dosage formOther (e.g. Tea Bag) Servings per container60 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Total Beets Heart-Healthy Superblend

325 mg per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Rice Syrup, Cane Sugar, Raw, Rice Bran, Natural Flavors, Palm Oil, Sunflower Lecithin, Malic Acid, Fruit Juice, Vegetable Juice, Glycerin. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Total Beets Acai Berry Flavor by Force Factor Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Total Beets Acai Berry Flavor?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
1,025Drugs
992 Moderate 33 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Grape Seed Extract 910
Beet Root Extract 861
L-Citrulline 178

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Total Beets Acai Berry Flavor interact with 1,025 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

3 of the 4 ingredients in Total Beets Acai Berry Flavor interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Grape Seed Extract Beet Root Extract L-Citrulline

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Total Beets Acai Berry Flavor with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Grape Seed Extract9 drug types · 910 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, grape extracts may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro evidence suggests that grape extracts might decrease platelet aggregation.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)

Ingesting grape juice with cyclosporine can reduce cyclosporine absorption.
A small pharmacokinetic study in healthy young adults shows that intake of purple grape juice 200 mL along with cyclosporine can decrease the absorption of cyclosporine by up to 30% when compared with water. Separate doses of grape juice and cyclosporine by at least 2 hours to avoid this interaction.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, grape juice might reduce the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
A small pharmacokinetic study in healthy adults shows that ingestion of 200 mL of grape juice decreases phenacetin plasma levels. This is thought to be due to induction of CYP1A2.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates

Theoretically, grape seed extract may increase the levels of CYP2D6 substrates.
In vitro evidence suggests that grape seed extract might inhibit CYP2D6 enzymes. However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (Cyp2E1) Substrates

Theoretically, grape seed extract might increase the levels of CYP2E1 substrates.
In vitro and animal research suggests that grape seed proanthocyanidin extract inhibits CYP2E1 enzymes. However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

It is unclear if grape seed extract inhibits or induces CYP3A4; research is conflicting.
In vitro evidence suggests that grape seed extract might inhibit CYP3A4 enzymes. However, evidence from animal research shows that grape seed extract may induce CYP3A4 in the liver. So far, these interactions have not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Midazolam (Versed)

Theoretically, long-term intake of grape seed extract might decrease the effects of midazolam.
Animal research shows that subchronic ingestions of grape seed extract can increase the elimination of intravenous midazolam by increasing hepatic CYP3A4 activity. Single doses of grape seed extract do not appear to affect midazolam elimination.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Phenacetin

Grape juice might decrease phenacetin absorption.
A small pharmacokinetic study in healthy adults shows that ingestion of 200 mL of grape juice decreases phenacetin plasma levels. This is thought to be due to induction of cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2).

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

It is unclear if grape juice or grape seed extract inhibits CYP2C9; research is conflicting.
In vitro evidence shows that grape seed extract or grape juice might inhibit CYP2C9 enzymes. However, a small pharmacokinetic study in healthy adults shows that drinking 8 ounces of grape juice once does not affect the clearance of flurbiprofen, a probe-drug for CYP2C9 metabolism. The effects of continued grape juice consumption are unclear.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Grape Seed Extract full monograph & interactions

Beet Root Extract3 drug types · 861 drugs

Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, beet might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research suggests that betanin, the major pigment in beet, competitively inhibits CYP3A4 in a dose-dependent manner similarly to strong CYP3A4 inhibitor ketoconazole.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antihypertensive Drugs

Beet and beetroot contain nitrates, which can cause vasodilation, potentially leading to lower blood pressure. However, a study published in the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition using concentrated beetroot juice found no significant impact on blood pressure or heart rate in different age groups. Other small clinical studies suggest that while beet consumption might transiently lower blood pressure due to vessel dilation, there's no consistent evidence of a lasting effect. Overall, the theoretical risk of reduced blood pressure due to beet's nitrate content exists, but studies generally indicate a low and temporary impact rather than a sustained decrease.

Likelihood Possible Evidence A
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, beet might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research suggests that beet induces CYP1A2 enzymes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Beet Root Extract full monograph & interactions

L-Citrulline2 drug types · 178 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use of L-citrulline with antihypertensive drugs might have additive effects and increase the chance of hypotension.
L-citrulline is converted to L-arginine, which can increase nitric oxide and cause vasodilation. However, a meta-analysis of 5 small clinical studies suggests that taking L-citrulline 3-6 grams daily for 1-8 weeks does not lower blood pressure when compared with control.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors

Theoretically, concurrent use of phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors and L-citrulline might result in additive vasodilation.
L-citrulline is converted to L-arginine, which can increase nitric oxide and cause vasodilation. Theoretically, taking L-arginine with PDE-5 inhibitors might have additive vasodilatory and hypotensive effects. However, in studies evaluating the combined use of L-arginine and sildenafil for erectile dysfunction, hypotension was not reported.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
L-Citrulline full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Total Beets Acai Berry Flavor, from the product label.

Force Factor

Name
Force Factor, LLC
City
Boston
State
MA
ZipCode
02210
Phone Number
1-866-443-6723
Web Address
www.forcefactor.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Total Beets Acai Berry Flavor by Force Factor: Common Questions

Does Total Beets Acai Berry Flavor by Force Factor interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Total Beets Acai Berry Flavor has a known interaction with 1,025 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Total Beets Acai Berry Flavor contains 4 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Will this hurt my blood pressure medication?
Yes, possibly. L-citrulline widens blood vessels and lowers blood pressure on its own, so if you're already taking a blood pressure drug, the combination could drop your pressure too far. Talk to your pharmacist before starting—they can check your exact dose and medication.
Is this safe during pregnancy?
There isn't enough safety data for L-citrulline or concentrated beet supplements during pregnancy, so the recommendation is to avoid it. Grape Seed Extract is considered likely safe, but concentrated supplements in general lack solid pregnancy data. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist before taking this if you're pregnant or trying to become pregnant.
Can I take this while breastfeeding?
Safety data is limited. L-citrulline is best avoided; beet supplements don't have enough information; and Grape Seed Extract is likely safe, but concentrated forms haven't been well studied. Your pharmacist or doctor can help you decide if it's right for you right now.
Why are my stools red or black?
That's the beet. Red or black urine and stools are common and completely harmless—they're just the beet pigment passing through your system. It'll go away once you stop taking it.
What is this supplement actually for?
The main ingredients—L-citrulline and beet—are both possibly effective for athletic performance and blood flow support. Grape Seed Extract is possibly effective for chronic venous insufficiency, a vein condition in the legs. If that's not what you're looking for, talk to your pharmacist about what might work better.
Are there any fillers or other stuff I should know about?
Yes, the inactive ingredients include rice syrup, cane sugar, rice bran, natural flavors, palm oil, sunflower lecithin, malic acid, fruit juice, vegetable juice, and glycerin. These are binders, sweeteners, and flavorings. If you're sensitive to any of them, let us know.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Total Beets Acai Berry Flavor is safe with your meds?

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Total Beets Acai Berry Flavor label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Total Beets Acai Berry Flavor’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

L-citrulline

Interacts with 178 drugs

L-citrulline is an amino acid that the body turns into L-arginine to help make nitric oxide, which relaxes blood vessels and may improve blood flow. It is popular for exercise performance an...

Read the full L-citrulline monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Grape

Interacts with 910 drugs

Grapes and grape products like grape seed extract contain antioxidant compounds such as resveratrol and proanthocyanidins that may support heart and blood vessel health. While the food is he...

Read the full Grape monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Beet

Interacts with 861 drugs

Beet, especially beetroot juice, is a nitrate-rich food that may modestly lower blood pressure and slightly improve exercise performance in some people. It is generally safe as a food, but s...

Read the full Beet monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Total Beets Acai Berry Flavor's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 56 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

L-citrulline 8 references
  1. Cheng JW, Balwin SN. L-arginine in the management of cardiovascular diseases. Ann Pharmacother 2001;35:755-64. PubMed
  2. Schwedhelm E, Maas R, Freese R, et al. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of oral L-citrulline and L-arginine: impact on nitric oxide metabolism. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2008;65:51-9. PubMed
  3. Romero MJ, Platt DH, Caldwell RB, Caldwell RW. Therapeutic use of citrulline in cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Drug Rev 2006;24:275-90. PubMed
  4. Balderas-Munoz K, Castillo-Martínez L, Orea-Tejeda A, et al. Improvement of ventricular function in systolic heart failure patients with oral L-citrulline supplementation. Cardiol J 2012;19:612-7. PubMed
  5. Sharif Kashani B, Tahmaseb Pour P, Malekmohammad M, et al. Oral l-citrulline malate in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension and Eisenmenger Syndrome: a clinical trial. J Cardiol 2014;64:231-5. PubMed
  6. Pérez-Guisado J, Jakeman PM. Citrulline malate enhances athletic anaerobic performance and relieves muscle soreness. J Strength Cond Res 2010;24:1215-22. PubMed
  7. Mirenayat MS, Moradi S, Mohammadi H, Rouhani MH. Effect of L-citrulline supplementation on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2018;20(11):98. PubMed
  8. Xu Z, Liu C, Liu S, Zhou Z. Comparison of efficacy and safety of daily oral L-arginine and PDE5Is alone or combination in treating erectile dysfunction: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Andrologia. 2021:e14007. PubMed

See these in context on the L-citrulline monograph →

Grape 34 references
  1. Kiesewetter H, Koscielny J, Kalus U, et al. Efficacy of orally administered extract of red vine leaf AS 195 (folia vitis viniferae) in chronic venous insufficiency (stages I-II). A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arzneimittelforschung
  2. Xiao Dong S, Zhi Ping Z, Zhong Xiao W, et al. Possible enhancement of the first-pass metabolism of phenacetin by ingestion of grape juice in Chinese subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1999;48:638-40. PubMed
  3. Vaswani SK, Hamilton RG, Carey RN, et al. Anaphylaxis recurrent urticaria and angioedema from grape hypersensitivity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1998;101:S31.
  4. Chevallier A. The Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants. London, UK: Dorling Kindersley, Ltd., 1996.
  5. Bernstein DI, Bernstein CK, Deng C, et al. Evaluation of the clinical efficacy and safety of grapeseed extract in the treatment of fall seasonal allergic rhinitis: a pilot study. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2002;88:272-8.. PubMed
  6. Greenblatt DJ, von Moltke LL, Perloff ES, et al. Interaction of flurbiprofen with cranberry juice, grape juice, tea, and fluconazole: in vitro and clinical studies. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2006;79:125-33. PubMed
  7. Ward NC, Hodgson JM, Croft KD, et al. The combination of vitamin C and grape-seed polyphenols increases blood pressure: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Hypertens 2005;23:427-34.. PubMed
  8. Ray, S. D., Parikh, H., Hickey, E., Bagchi, M., and Bagchi, D. Differential effects of IH636 grape seed proanthocyanidin extract and a DNA repair modulator 4-aminobenzamide on liver microsomal cytochrome 4502E1-dependent aniline hydroxylation. Mol Cell B PubMed
  9. O'Byrne, D. J., Devaraj, S., Grundy, S. M., and Jialal, I. Comparison of the antioxidant effects of Concord grape juice flavonoids alpha-tocopherol on markers of oxidative stress in healthy adults. Am J Clin.Nutr. 2002;76(6):1367-1374.
  10. Schaefer, E., Peil, H., Ambrosetti, L., and Petrini, O. Oedema protective properties of the red vine leaf extract AS 195 (Folia vitis viniferae) in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency. A 6-week observational clinical trial. Arzneimittelforschun PubMed
  11. Nishikawa, M., Ariyoshi, N., Kotani, A., Ishii, I., Nakamura, H., Nakasa, H., Ida, M., Nakamura, H., Kimura, N., Kimura, M., Hasegawa, A., Kusu, F., Ohmori, S., Nakazawa, K., and Kitada, M. Effects of continuous ingestion of green tea or grape seed extra
  12. de Lange, D. W., Scholman, W. L., Kraaijenhagen, R. J., Akkerman, J. W., and van de Wiel, A. Alcohol and polyphenolic grape extract inhibit platelet adhesion in flowing blood. Eur.J Clin.Invest 2004;34(12):818-824. PubMed
  13. Samet, J. M. and Coultas, D. B. Reduced forced vital capacity in California grape workers. What does it mean? Am Rev.Respir.Dis 1992;145(2 Pt 1):255-256. PubMed
  14. Gamsky, T. E., McCurdy, S. A., Samuels, S. J., and Schenker, M. B. Reduced FVC among California grape workers. Am Rev.Respir.Dis 1992;145(2 Pt 1):257-262. PubMed
  15. de Lange, D. W., Verhoef, S., Gorter, G., Kraaijenhagen, R. J., van de Wiel, A., and Akkerman, J. W. Polyphenolic grape extract inhibits platelet activation through PECAM-1: an explanation for the French paradox. Alcohol Clin.Exp.Res 2007;31(8):1308-1314 PubMed
  16. Etheridge, A. S., Black, S. R., Patel, P. R., So, J., and Mathews, J. M. An in vitro evaluation of cytochrome P450 inhibition and P-glycoprotein interaction with goldenseal, Ginkgo biloba, grape seed, milk thistle, and ginseng extracts and their constitu
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  24. McCurdy, S. A., Wiggins, P., Schenker, M. B., Munn, S., Shaieb, A. M., Weinbaum, Z., Goldsmith, D., McGillis, S. T., Berman, B., and Samuels, S. Assessing dermatitis in epidemiologic studies: occupational skin disease among California grape and tomato ha
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  26. Yamasaki, R., Dekio, S., and Jidoi, J. Contact dermatitis from grape bud. Contact Dermatitis 1985;12(4):226-227. PubMed
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  28. Faircloth, D. E. and Robison, W. J. Obstruction of the sigmoid colon by grape seeds. JAMA 11-27-1981;246(21):2430. PubMed
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  30. Brito, FF., Martinez, A., Palacios, R., Mur, P., Gomez, E., Galindo, P. A., Borja, J., and Martinez, J. Rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma caused by vine pollen: a case report. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;103(2 Pt 1):262-266. PubMed
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See these in context on the Grape monograph →

Beet 14 references
  1. Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
  2. Clifford T, Berntzen B, Davison GW, et al. Effects of beetroot juice on recovery of muscle function and performance between bouts of repeated sprint exercise. Nutrients 2016;8. pii: E506. PubMed
  3. Siervo M, Lara J, Ogbonmwan I, Mathers JC. Inorganic nitrate and beetroot juice supplementation reduces blood pressure in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Nutr 2013;143:818-26. PubMed
  4. Clifford T, Howatson G, West DJ, Stevenson EJ. Beetroot juice is more beneficial than sodium nitrate for attenuating muscle pain after strenuous eccentric-bias exercise. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2017;42(11):1185-1191. PubMed
  5. Clifford T, Bell O, West DJ, Howatson G, Stevenson EJ. The effects of beetroot juice supplementation on indices of muscle damage following eccentric exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2016;116(2):353-62. PubMed
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  7. Garnacho-Castaño MV, Palau-Salvà G, Cuenca E, et al. Effects of a single dose of beetroot juice on cycling time trial performance at ventilatory thresholds intensity in male triathletes. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2018;15(1):49. PubMed
  8. Rasica L, Porcelli S, Marzorati M, et al. Ergogenic effects of beetroot juice supplementation during severe-intensity exercise in obese adolescents. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2018;315(3):R453-R460. PubMed
  9. Henrohn D, Björkstrand K, Lundberg JO, et al. Effects of oral supplementation with nitrate-rich beetroot juice in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension-results from BEET-PAH, an exploratory randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crosso
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  11. Haron MH, Dale O, Martin K, et al. Evaluation of the Herb-Drug Interaction Potential of Commonly Used Botanicals on the US Market with Regard to PXR- and AhR-Mediated Influences on CYP3A4 and CYP1A2. J Diet Suppl 2022. PubMed
  12. Hemmatinafar M, Zaremoayedi L, Koushkie Jahromi M, et al. Effect of Beetroot Juice Supplementation on Muscle Soreness and Performance Recovery after Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Female Volleyball Players. Nutrients 2023;15(17):3763. PubMed
  13. Lim SH, Bae S, Lee HS, Han HK, Choi CI. Effect of Betanin, the Major Pigment of Red Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.), on the Activity of Recombinant Human Cytochrome P450 Enzymes. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023;16(9):1224. PubMed
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See these in context on the Beet monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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