Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Toxin Binder Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by NHC Natural Healthy Concepts

Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Major
The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

Toxin Binder is a dietary supplement by NHC Natural Healthy Concepts with 4 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for iron-deficiency anemia, low iron stores during pregnancy, fatigue from iron deficiency.Based on those ingredients, 2,159 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Charcoal, Activated, PrimaVie, Iron. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Toxin Binder by NHC Natural Healthy Concepts

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 5 of its 5 active ingredients.
  • “PrimaVie” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (100 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

Toxin Binder contains five active ingredients. Iron is included to support red blood cell production and oxygen transport.

Activated charcoal is a porous form of carbon often used as a binder—it's thought to attract and trap certain substances in the digestive tract. Humic acid and fulvic acid are organic compounds derived from soil and plant material, promoted for potential detoxification roles.

The product also contains G-PUR and PrimaVie (a blend of component ingredients listed separately). Five inactive ingredients—microcrystalline cellulose, hypromellose, stearic acid, silicon dioxide, and magnesium stearate—serve as capsule material and binders.

Does it work?

Strong evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Strong

Clinical evidence supports at least one of this product's ingredients for its stated purpose.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: toxin binding and digestive support.
  • We looked for evidence on: Poisoning, Lead toxicity, Dyspepsia, Flatulence, Constipation, Chemotherapy-induced diarrhea — and 4 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Iron is rated "Effective" for Iron deficiency anemia (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Activated Charcoal is rated "Possibly Effective" for Poisoning.
  • Also on file: Activated Charcoal is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Chemotherapy-induced diarrhea, Constipation, Dyspepsia, Flatulence.

The evidence for these ingredients is mixed. Iron is effective for iron deficiency anemia and anemia of chronic disease, and it's effective for pregnancy-related iron deficiency.

It's possibly effective for heart failure. For the other active ingredients—humic acid, fulvic acid, and activated charcoal—we hold insufficient evidence or no effectiveness ratings in our data.

Activated charcoal is possibly effective for poisoning, but the product isn't marketed for that use. None of the ingredients show established evidence for 'toxin binding' as a general wellness claim.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Iron Activated Charcoal Shilajit Humic Acid Fulvic Acid

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 3 of the 4 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 3 of 4.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 4 of 4.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Iron is generally well tolerated at recommended doses, though excess iron can be toxic—supplements should be used only when there's a real need. Most common side effects are abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting.

Rare serious effects include gastric ulceration. Iron is often recommended in pregnancy but should be dosed by your prenatal care provider.

It's generally acceptable while breastfeeding at appropriate doses—check with your provider. Activated charcoal is generally low-risk for short-term use but causes constipation and reduces absorption of other substances.

Most common side effects are abdominal pain, black stools, bloating, constipation, and flatulence. Gastrointestinal obstruction is rare.

It's not well studied for routine pregnancy use—use only under medical guidance. Humic acid has limited human safety data and purity varies; the facts advise against use in pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Fulvic acid appears well tolerated short-term, but safety data in humans is limited. It also should be avoided in pregnancy and breastfeeding.

No serious adverse effects are documented for either.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Iron Activated Charcoal Shilajit Humic Acid Fulvic Acid

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 3 of the 4 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Activated Charcoal, Iron, Fulvic Acid.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; Parkinson's medications.
  • For scale: 2,132 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Stop and check before you take this product if you're on oral antibiotics (quinolone or tetracycline types), levodopa for Parkinson's disease, blood thinners or clot preventers (anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs), bisphosphonate drugs for bone health, the blood pressure medication methyldopa, thyroid replacement (levothyroxine), immunosuppressive therapy, or oral contraceptives. The iron and activated charcoal reduce absorption of many oral medications, and fulvic acid may interfere with blood thinners, immune drugs, and thyroid therapy.

Use the medication checker below with your exact drugs.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with clinical evidence supporting its stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

If you take any prescription medications—especially antibiotics, blood pressure drugs, thyroid replacement, blood thinners, bisphosphonates, or immunosuppressants—check your exact medications with the tool on this page before starting. Iron works well for iron deficiency anemia when there's a real need; the other ingredients lack strong evidence for their claimed benefits.

Talk to your pharmacist or doctor about whether this product is right for you and your medications.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 4 of 5 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jul 18, 2023.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Toxin Binder, straight from the product label.

Brand NHC Natural Healthy Concepts
Barcode (UPC) 647732925456
Net contents 60 Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Jul 18, 2023
DSLD ID 294109
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Toxin Binder by NHC Natural Healthy Concepts, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
2 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
2 Capsule(s)
Servings per container
30
UPC/BARCODE
647732925456
IngredientAmount% DV
Iron2 mg11%
Charcoal, Activated100 mg--
Humic Acid5 mg--
Fulvic Acid50 mg--
G-PUR400 mg--
PrimaVie100 mg--

Other ingredients: Microcrystalline Cellulose, Hypromellose, Stearic Acid, Silicon Dioxide, Magnesium Stearate

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested use: 2 capsules between meals or as recommended by your health care professional.

Formulation

Formulated to be free of allergens derived from: Gluten, corn, yeast, artificial colors or flavors.

Vcaps (vegetarian)

Precautions

If you are pregnant or nursing, consult your physician before taking this product.

As with all dietary supplements, some individuals may not tolerate or may be allergic to the ingredients used. Please read the ingredient panel carefully prior to ingestion. Cease taking this product and consult your physician if you have negative reactions upon ingestion.

Keep out of reach of children.

This product was sealed for your protection. Do not use if outer logoed neck seal or inner-seal is missing or damaged.

Storage

Keep container tightly closed. Store at room temperature.

Brand IP Statement(s)

PrimaVie is a registered trademark of Natreon, Inc. G-PUR is a registered trademark of G-Science, Inc. PrimaVie Purified Shilajit G-PUR Purified Clinoptilolite

Seals/Symbols

Vcaps (vegetarian)

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

General Statements

Professional use only

See for yourself

Toxin Binder by NHC Natural Healthy Concepts label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

What’s inside

The Ingredients in Toxin Binder by NHC Natural Healthy Concepts

These are the 4 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size2 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Iron

Interacts with
80 drugs
2 mg per serving

Iron is an essential mineral your body needs to make hemoglobin and carry oxygen in the blood. Supplements are mainly useful for treating or preventin...

Iron monograph & interactions

Charcoal, Activated

Interacts with
2,027 drugs
100 mg per serving

Activated charcoal is a highly porous form of carbon that can bind certain substances in the gut, and it is used in hospitals to treat some poisonings...

Charcoal, Activated monograph & interactions

G-PUR

400 mg per serving Form: Zeolite Clay

PrimaVie

Interacts with
86 drugs
100 mg per serving Form: Shilajit

Shilajit is a sticky, tar-like substance found in rocks of mountain ranges like the Himalayas, used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine for energy and v...

PrimaVie monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Microcrystalline Cellulose, Hypromellose, Stearic Acid, Silicon Dioxide, Magnesium Stearate. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Toxin Binder by NHC Natural Healthy Concepts Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Toxin Binder?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

Go to the checker
2,159Drugs
2,022 Major 136 Moderate 1 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Iron 80

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Toxin Binder with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Charcoal, Activated3 drug types · 2,027 drugs

Oral Drugs

Activated charcoal reduces systemic exposure to many drugs, including those that undergo enterohepatic recirculation, regardless of the route of administration.
Activated charcoal adsorbs various drugs and may reduce their absorption and/or half-life. Examples of affected drugs include acetaminophen, aminophylline, amiodarone, atenolol, carbamazepine, dapsone, digoxin, disopyramide, fluoxetine, indomethacin, moxifloxacin, nadolol, phenytoin, phenobarbital, piroxicam, quinine, sotalol, theophylline, tricyclic antidepressants, valproate, and verapamil. Avoid co-administration, except after drug overdose.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Alcohol (Ethanol)

The binding action of activated charcoal may be reduced by alcohol.
Alcohol may lower the adsorptive capacity of activated charcoal.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Contraceptive Drugs

Activated charcoal may reduce the clinical effects of oral contraceptives.
Activated charcoal, taken in a dose of 5 grams four times daily for 3 days, may bind to, and reduce the absorption of, oral contraceptives, thereby limiting their effectiveness and increasing the risk of contraceptive failure. However, some clinical research shows that the risk for this interaction is minimal when activated charcoal is taken either 3 hours after or at least 12 hours before oral contraceptives.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B

PrimaVie1 drug type · 86 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Taking shilajit with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Most human and animal research shows that shilajit can decrease fasting plasma glucose levels. In an animal model, shilajit 100 mg per kg daily enhanced the glucose-lowering ability of both glibenclamide and metformin when given in combination over a 4 week period. Monitor blood glucose levels closely. Dose adjustments might be necessary.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Iron13 drug types · 80 drugs

Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (Biktarvy)

Iron might decrease levels of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide by reducing its absorption when taken in a fasting state.
Advise patients that bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide and iron can be taken together if taken with food. However, if taken on an empty stomach, bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide should not be taken with, or 2 hours after, iron containing products.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Bisphosphonates

Iron reduces the absorption of bisphosphonates.
Advise patients that doses of bisphosphonates should be separated by at least two hours from doses of all other medications, including supplements such as iron. Divalent cations, including iron, can decrease absorption of bisphosphonates by forming insoluble complexes in the gastrointestinal tract.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Denosumab (Prolia, Others)

Administration of intravenous iron within one month of denosumab administration might increase the risk of severe hypophosphatemia and hypocalcemia.
A case of severe hypocalcemia (albumin corrected calcium 6.88 mg/dL, ionized calcium 3.68 mg/dL) and hypophosphatemia (<0.5 mg/dL) with respiratory acidosis, QT interval prolongation, and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia was reported in a 76-year-old male who had received an iron polymaltose infusion within 2 weeks of a subcutaneous injection of denosumab. Serum parathyroid hormone was also elevated (348 pg/mL). Subsequent iron infusions with iron polymaltose and ferric carboxymaltose were followed by transient hypophosphatemia, but without hypocalcemia. Additionally, a literature review describes 6 additional cases of hypophosphatemia and hypocalcemia in patients 52-92 years of age who had been administered intravenous iron as either ferric carboxymaltose or iron polymaltose and subcutaneous denosumab within 1-4 weeks of each other.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Dolutegravir (Tivicay)

Iron might decrease dolutegravir levels by reducing its absorption.
Advise patients to take dolutegravir at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after taking iron. Pharmacokinetic research shows that iron can decrease the absorption of dolutegravir from the gastrointestinal tract through chelation. When taken under fasting conditions, a single dose of ferrous fumarate 324 mg orally along with dolutegravir 50 mg reduces overall exposure to dolutegravir by 54%.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Integrase Inhibitors

Theoretically, taking iron along with integrase inhibitors might decrease the levels and clinical effects of these drugs.
Iron is a divalent cation. There is concern that iron may decrease the absorption of integrase inhibitors from the gastrointestinal tract through chelation. One pharmacokinetic study shows that iron can decrease blood levels of the specific integrase inhibitor dolutegravir through chelation. Also, other pharmacokinetic research shows that other divalent cations such as calcium can decrease the absorption and levels of some integrase inhibitors through chelation.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Levodopa

Iron might decrease levodopa levels by reducing its absorption.
Advise patients to separate doses of levodopa and iron as much as possible. There is some evidence in healthy people that iron forms chelates with levodopa, reducing the amount of levodopa absorbed by around 50%. The clinical significance of this hasn't been determined.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Levothyroxine (Synthroid, Others)

Iron might decrease levothyroxine levels by reducing its absorption.
Advise patients to separate levothyroxine and iron doses by at least 2 hours. Iron can decrease the absorption and efficacy of levothyroxine by forming insoluble complexes in the gastrointestinal tract.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Methyldopa (Aldomet)

Iron might decrease methyldopa levels by reducing its absorption.
Advise patients to separate methyldopa and iron doses by at least 2 hours. Iron can decrease the absorption of methyldopa from the gastrointestinal tract through chelation, resulting in increases in blood pressure.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Mycophenolate Mofetil (Cellcept)

Theoretically, iron might decrease mycophenolate mofetil levels by reducing its absorption.
Advise patients to take iron 4-6 hours before, or 2 hours after, mycophenolate mofetil. It has been suggested that a decrease of absorption is possible, probably by forming nonabsorbable chelates. However, mycophenolate pharmacokinetics are not affected by iron supplementation in available clinical research.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Penicillamine (Cuprimine, Depen)

Iron might decrease penicillamine levels by reducing its absorption.
Advise patients to separate penicillamine and iron doses by at least 2 hours. Oral iron supplements can reduce absorption of penicillamine by 30% to 70%, probably due to chelate formation. In people with Wilson's disease, this interaction has led to reduced efficacy of penicillamine.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Quinolone Antibiotics

Iron might decrease levels of quinolone antibiotics by reducing their absorption.
Advise patients to separate quinolone antibiotics and iron doses by at least 2 hours. Iron decreases the absorption of quinolones due to formation of insoluble complexes in the gastrointestinal tract.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Tetracycline Antibiotics

Iron might decrease levels of tetracycline antibiotics by reducing their absorption.
Advise patients to take iron at least 2 hours before or 4 hours after tetracycline antibiotics. Concomitant use can decrease absorption of tetracycline antibiotics from the gastrointestinal tract by 50% to 90%.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Chloramphenicol

Theoretically, taking chloramphenicol with iron might reduce the response to iron therapy in iron deficiency anemia.
Chloramphenicol interferes with erythrocyte maturation. However, since chloramphenicol isn't usually taken for prolonged periods, this isn't likely to be clinically significant.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Toxin Binder, from the product label.

NHC Natural Healthy Concepts

See all NHC Natural Healthy Concepts products
Name
NHC
Street Address
310 N Westhill Blvd.
City
Appleton
State
WI
ZipCode
54914
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Toxin Binder by NHC Natural Healthy Concepts: Common Questions

Does Toxin Binder by NHC Natural Healthy Concepts interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Toxin Binder has a known interaction with 2,159 medications, including 2022 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Toxin Binder contains 4 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Does this product help you get rid of toxins?
The ingredients—iron, activated charcoal, humic acid, and fulvic acid—don't have strong evidence supporting a general 'toxin-binding' effect. Activated charcoal is possibly effective for certain poisonings, but that's not the same as routine detoxification. The evidence we hold for these ingredients as a detox product is insufficient or absent.
What's activated charcoal doing in here?
Activated charcoal is a porous carbon that binds to substances in the digestive tract. It's included with the idea that it captures unwanted compounds, but the evidence for this product's use in everyday wellness is limited. Just note that it can also bind to medications and reduce how well they're absorbed.
Is the iron in this product a good source if I'm anemic?
Iron is effective for iron deficiency anemia and pregnancy-related iron deficiency, and possibly effective for heart failure. However, iron supplements should only be used when there's a real need—excess iron can be toxic. If you think you're anemic, talk to your doctor about whether you need iron and at what dose, rather than starting a supplement on your own.
Can I take this while I'm pregnant?
Iron is often recommended in pregnancy and the data rate it as likely safe, but the dose should be guided by your prenatal care provider. Humic acid and fulvic acid both advise against use in pregnancy because there isn't enough safety data. Talk with your doctor before taking this product during pregnancy.
What side effects might I notice?
Iron commonly causes abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, nausea, or vomiting. Activated charcoal frequently causes constipation, black stools, bloating, and flatulence. Fulvic acid has caused headache, diarrhea, and sore throat in some trial users. Most of these are mild, but if they're bothersome or don't ease, stop and talk to your pharmacist.
What are humic acid and fulvic acid?
Both are organic compounds derived from soil and plant material. They're included here based on the idea they support detoxification, but human safety data are limited and evidence for their effectiveness is insufficient. Product purity can vary, so quality is uncertain.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Toxin Binder label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Toxin Binder’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Toxin Binder's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 100 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Iron 72 references
  1. McEvoy GK, ed. AHFS Drug Information. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1998.
  2. Bruner AB, Joffe A, Duggan AK, et al. Randomized study of cognitive effects of iron supplementation in non- anaemic iron-deficient adolescent girls. Lancet 1996;348:992-6.
  3. Ullen H, Augustsson K, Gustavsson C, Steineck G. Supplementary iron intake and risk of cancer: reversed causality? Cancer Lett 1997;114:215-6.
  4. Reunanen A, Takkunen H, Knekt P, et al. Body iron stores, dietary iron intake and coronary heart disease mortality. J Intern Med 1995;238:223-30. PubMed
  5. Lund EK, Wharf SG, Fairweather-Tait SJ, Johnson IT. Oral ferrous sulfate supplements increase the free radical-generating capacity of feces from healthy volunteers. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;69:250-5.
  6. Rehman A, Collis CS, Yang M, et al. The effects of iron and vitamin C co-supplementation on oxidative damage to DNA in healthy volunteers. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 1998;246:293-8. PubMed
  7. Klipstein-Grobusch K, Grobbee DE, den Breeijen JH, et al. Dietary iron and risk of myocardial infarction in the Rotterdam Study. Am J Epidemiol 1999;149:421-8. PubMed
  8. Hansten PD, Horn JR. Drug Interactions Analysis and Management. Vancouver, WA: Applied Therapeutics Inc., 1997 and updates.
  9. Tatro DS, ed. Drug Interactions Facts. Facts and Comparisons Inc., St. Louis, MO. 1999.
  10. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2002.
  11. Campbell N, Paddock V, Sundaram R. Alteration of methyldopa absorption, metabolism, and blood pressure control by ferrous sulfate and ferrous gluconate. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1988;43:381-6..
  12. Schumann K, Borch-Iohnsen B, Hentze MW, Marx JJ. Tolerable upper intakes for dietary iron set by the US Food and Nutrition Board (commentary). Am J Clin Nutr 2002;76:499-500. PubMed
  13. Tuomainen TP, Punnonen K, Nyyssonen K, Salonen JT. Association between body iron stores and the risk of acute myocardial infarction in men. Circulation 1998;97:1461-6.. PubMed
  14. Salonen JT, Nyyssonen K, Korpela H, et al. High stored iron levels are associated with excess risk of myocardial infarction in Eastern Finnish men. Circulation 1992;86:803-11.. PubMed
  15. Campbell NRC, Hasinoff B. Ferrous sulfate reduces levodopa bioavailability: Chelation as a possible mechanism. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1989;45:220-5.. PubMed
  16. Campbell NRC, Hasinoff BB, Stalts H, et al. Ferrous sulfate reduces thyroxine efficacy in patients with hypothyroidism. Ann Int Med 1992;117:1010-3.. PubMed
  17. Kiechl S, Willeit J, Egger G, et al. Body iron stores and the risk of carotid atherosclerosis: prospective results from the Bruneck study. Circulation 1997;96:3300-07. PubMed
  18. Comparison of oral iron supplements. Pharmacist's Letter / Prescriber's Letter 2008;24(8):240811.
  19. Tran T., Wax J. R., Philput C., Steinfeld J. D., Ingardia C. J. Intentional iron overdose in pregnancy--management and outcome. J Emerg Med 2000;18(2):225-228. PubMed
  20. Toblli J. E., Brignoli, R. Iron(III)-hydroxide polymaltose complex in iron deficiency anemia / review and meta-analysis. Arzneimittelforschung 2007;57(6A):431-438. PubMed
  21. Köpcke W., Sauerland M. C. Meta-analysis of efficacy and tolerability data on iron proteinsuccinylate in patients with iron deficiency anemia of different severity. Arzneimittelforschung 1995;45(11):1211-1216.
  22. Campbell N. R., Campbell R. R., Hasinoff B. B. Ferrous sulfate reduces methyldopa absorption: methyldopa: iron complex formation as a likely mechanism. Clin Invest Med 1990;13(6):329-332.
  23. Morii M., Ueno K., Ogawa A., Kato R., Yoshimura H., Wada K., Hashimoto H., Takada M., Tanaka K., Nakatani T., Shibakawa M. Impairment of mycophenolate mofetil absorption by iron ion. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2000;68(6):613-616. PubMed
  24. Gelone D. K., Park J. M., Lake K. D. Lack of an effect of oral iron administration on mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetics in stable renal transplant recipients. Pharmacotherapy 2007;27(9):1272-1278. PubMed
  25. Ducray P. S., Banken L., Gerber M., Boutouyrie B., Zandt H. Absence of an interaction between iron and mycophenolate mofetil absorption. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2006;62(4):492-495. PubMed
  26. Lorenz M., Wolzt M., Weigel G., Puttinger H., Hörl W. H., Födinger M., Speiser W., Sunder-Plassmann G. Ferrous sulfate does not affect mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetics in kidney transplant patients. Am J Kidney Dis 2004;43(6):1098-1103. PubMed
  27. Osman M. A., Patel R. B., Schuna A., Sundstrom W. R., Welling P. G. Reduction in oral penicillamine absorption by food, antacid, and ferrous sulfate. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1983;33(4):465-470. PubMed
  28. Michael, B., Coyne, D. W., Fishbane, S., Folkert, V., Lynn, R., Nissenson, A. R., Agarwal, R., Eschbach, J. W., Fadem, S. Z., Trout, J. R., Strobos, J., and Warnock, D. G. Sodium ferric gluconate complex in hemodialysis patients: adverse reactions compar
  29. Zhang, X., Ouyang, J., Wieczorek, R., and DeSoto, F. Iron medication-induced gastric mucosal injury. Pathol.Res Pract 2009;205(8):579-581. PubMed
  30. Barbieri, P. G. [To-day exposure to occupational carcinogens and their effects. The experience of the rubber industry, iron metallurgy, asphalt work and aviculture]. Epidemiol.Prev 2009;33(4-5 Suppl 2):94-105.
  31. Macedo, A. and Cardoso, S. [Routine iron supplementation in pregnancy]. Acta Med Port. 2010;23(5):785-792.
  32. Bastide, N. M., Pierre, F. H., and Corpet, D. E. Heme iron from meat and risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis and a review of the mechanisms involved. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2011;4(2):177-184. PubMed
  33. Stevens, R. G. Iron and the risk of cancer. Med Oncol Tumor Pharmacother. 1990;7(2-3):177-181. PubMed
  34. van den, Hombergh J., Dalderop, E., and Smit, Y. Does iron therapy benefit children with severe malaria-associated anaemia? A clinical trial with 12 weeks supplementation of oral iron in young children from the Turiani Division, Tanzania. J.Trop.Pediatr. PubMed
  35. Liabeuf S, Gras V, Moragny J, et al. Ulceration of the oral mucosa following direct contact with ferrous sulfate in elderly patients: a case report and a review of the French National Pharmacovigilance Database. Clin Interv Aging. 2014 Apr 25;9:737-40. PubMed
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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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