Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 4 of 12 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Vitamin & Mineral Optimize Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Enzymedica

Vitamin & Mineral Optimize label
See full label image
Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Vitamin & Mineral Optimize against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Vitamin & Mineral Optimize is a dietary supplement by Enzymedica with 12 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for digestion and bloating, muscle soreness and exercise recovery, inflammation and swelling.Based on those ingredients, 1,019 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are BioPerine. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Vitamin & Mineral Optimize by Enzymedica

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Vitamin & Mineral Optimize by Enzymedica — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
Prefer a human? Send your question to our licensed pharmacists — free, answered by email within 24 hours.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Vitamin & Mineral Optimize by Enzymedica

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 1 of its 12 active ingredients.

Vitamin & Mineral Optimize contains 12 active ingredients, all of them digestive enzymes. Protease breaks down protein, lipase breaks down fats, and lactase breaks down milk sugar (lactose).

The product also includes amylase, cellulase, invertase, alpha-galactosidase, maltase, beta-glucanase, hemicellulase, and a phytase/pectinase blend—each targets different food components to support digestion. BioPerine (black pepper extract) is included as a bioavailability enhancer.

The capsules themselves are vegetarian.

Does it work?

Strong evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Strong

Clinical evidence supports at least one of this product's ingredients for its stated purpose.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: vitamin and mineral absorption and digestion.
  • We looked for evidence on: Dyspepsia, Flatulence, Lactose intolerance, nutrient assimilation, malabsorption, enzyme insufficiency.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Lactase is rated "Effective" for Lactose intolerance (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Lipase is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Dyspepsia.
  • Also on file: Black Pepper is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Dyspepsia, Flatulence.

The evidence we hold is limited. Lactase is rated effective for lactose intolerance.

The other ingredients—lipase, protease, and the rest—carry ratings of insufficient reliable evidence for the conditions studied (such as digestive upset and inflammatory bowel disease). We have no effectiveness data on file for amylase, cellulase, invertase, alpha-galactosidase, maltase, beta-glucanase, hemicellulase, or the phytase/pectinase blend.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) Lipase Lactase Black Pepper

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 4 of the 4 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 4 of 4.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 4 of 4.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

These enzymes are generally well tolerated. Protease and lipase may cause digestive upset or, rarely, allergic reactions; people with serious digestive conditions should check with a doctor before use.

Lactase is generally well tolerated as directed. BioPerine (black pepper) is well tolerated at food-spice levels; concentrated supplements should be used cautiously, and the most common side effects are a burning aftertaste and digestive discomfort.

A rare allergic reaction is possible. For pregnancy: lactase is likely safe, but protease and lipase advise against use unless prescribed, and BioPerine has mixed data—avoid it unless your doctor approves.

For breastfeeding, protease and lipase have little safety data and are not recommended without medical advice; lactase and BioPerine appear safer but check with your provider first. We hold no pregnancy or breastfeeding data for amylase, cellulase, invertase, alpha-galactosidase, maltase, beta-glucanase, hemicellulase, or phytase/pectinase.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) Lipase Lactase Black Pepper

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 1 of the 4 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Black Pepper.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; diabetes medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 1,020 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this product, check with your pharmacist if you take propranolol or other heart-rhythm medications, seizure drugs like phenytoin, antiretroviral drugs like nevirapine, TB drugs like rifampin, cholesterol medications like atorvastatin, breathing medications like theophylline, transplant drugs like cyclosporine, or sedatives like pentobarbital. BioPerine can raise blood levels of these medications.

Use the interaction checker on this page with your full medication list.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with clinical evidence supporting its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This is an enzyme blend designed to support digestion, with lactase proven effective for lactose intolerance and the rest showing insufficient evidence. If you take heart, seizure, antiretroviral, cholesterol, or transplant medications, you need to check your exact drugs with our tool below—BioPerine can raise blood levels of several of them.

Otherwise, the product is generally well tolerated, though digestive upset and rare allergic reactions are possible. Talk to your pharmacist before starting, especially if you're pregnant, breastfeeding, or on any prescription.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 4 of 12 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Dec 23, 2011.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Vitamin & Mineral Optimize, straight from the product label.

Brand Enzymedica
Barcode (UPC) 670480252024
Net contents 90 Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Dec 23, 2011
DSLD ID 3077
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Vegan, Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free, Dairy Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Vitamin & Mineral Optimize by Enzymedica, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Capsule(s)
Servings per container
90
UPC/BARCODE
670480252024
IngredientAmount% DV
Amylase0 NP--
Protease0 NP--
Lipase0 NP--
Lactase0 NP--
Cellulase0 NP--
Invertase0 NP--
Alpha-Galactosidase0 NP--
Maltase0 NP--
BioPerine5 mg--
Beta-Glucanase0 NP--
Hemicellulase0 NP--
Phytase/Pectinase Blend0 NP--

Other ingredients: 100% Vegetarian Capsule

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formulation

Absolutely no fillers added

Vegetarian & Vegan

Contains no dairy, preservatives, salt, sucrose, corn, soy, wheat, yeast, nuts, gluten, artificial colors or flavors.

Formula

Vitamin & Mineral Optimize contains 5 mg of Bioperine and 13 enzymes known to assist with healthy digestion and assimilation.

General Statements

The potency is specific for supplemental vitamin, mineral and herb absorption when taken on an empty stomach.

Bioperine has been tested in several clinical studies and shown to increase the absorption of minerals, fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins.

Each of these enzymes actually represents multiple blends that are used to increase potency in varying pH levels.

FCCFIP is the newest addition to the fourth version of the Food Chemical Codex. The FCC is the only FDA approved way of measuring plant based enzymes.

Supportive

The enzyme experts

Plant based enzymes

Enhances vitamin, mineral and herb absorption

Made in USA

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Enzymedica's Digest or Digest Gold are recommended when supplements are taken with meals.

Recommended Usage: Take one capsule with any nutritional supplement(s) when optimal absorption is desired. More may be taken as needed.

Brand IP Statement(s)

Enzymedica uses an exclusive Thera-blend process for its protease, lipase, amylase and cellulase.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Storage

Keep closed in dry place; do not expose to excessive heat.

Precautions

Please keep out of reach of children

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Vitamin & Mineral Optimize by Enzymedica label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Vitamin & Mineral Optimize label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Vitamin & Mineral Optimize by Enzymedica

These are the 12 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container90 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Amylase

0 NP per serving

Protease

No known
interactions
0 NP per serving

Proteolytic enzymes are proteins that help break down other proteins, and common examples include bromelain (from pineapple), papain (from papaya), tr...

Protease monograph & interactions

Lipase

No known
interactions
0 NP per serving

Lipase is a digestive enzyme that helps your body break down dietary fats. It is well established as part of prescription pancreatic enzyme therapy fo...

Lipase monograph & interactions

Lactase

No known
interactions
0 NP per serving

Lactase is a digestive enzyme supplement that helps people who lack enough natural lactase break down lactose, the sugar in milk and dairy. It can red...

Lactase monograph & interactions

Cellulase

0 NP per serving

Invertase

0 NP per serving

Alpha-Galactosidase

0 NP per serving

Maltase

0 NP per serving

BioPerine

Interacts with
1,019 drugs
5 mg per serving

Black pepper is a common kitchen spice that is generally safe in the amounts used in food. Its extract, piperine, is mostly added to supplements to he...

BioPerine monograph & interactions

Beta-Glucanase

0 NP per serving

Hemicellulase

0 NP per serving

Phytase/Pectinase Blend

0 NP per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: 100% Vegetarian Capsule. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Vitamin & Mineral Optimize by Enzymedica Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Vitamin & Mineral Optimize?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
1,019Drugs
976 Moderate 43 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

BioPerine 1,019

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Vitamin & Mineral Optimize interact with 1,019 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

1 of the 12 ingredients in Vitamin & Mineral Optimize interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. BioPerine

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Vitamin & Mineral Optimize with known interactions, here are the types of medications it can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

BioPerine17 drug types · 1,019 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, black pepper might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
In vitro research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, seems to inhibit platelet aggregation. This has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, black pepper might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Animal research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, can reduce blood glucose levels. Monitor blood glucose levels closely. Dose adjustments might be necessary.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Atorvastatin (Lipitor)

Theoretically, black pepper might increase blood levels of atorvastatin.
Animal research shows that taking piperine, a constituent of black pepper, 35 mg/kg can increase the maximum serum concentration of atorvastatin three-fold. This has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)

Theoretically, black pepper might increase the effects and side effects of cyclosporine.
In vitro research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, increases the bioavailability of cyclosporine. This has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates

Theoretically, black pepper might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
In vitro research suggests that some constituents of black pepper inhibit CYP2D6. This has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, black pepper might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
In vitro research and pharmacokinetic simulation data suggest that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, as well as the pepper fruit seem to inhibit CYP3A4. This has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Lithium

Theoretically, black pepper might increase blood levels of lithium due to its diuretic effects. The dose of lithium might need to be reduced.
Black pepper is thought to have diuretic properties.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Nevirapine (Viramune)

Black pepper might increase blood levels of nevirapine.
Clinical research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, increases the plasma concentration of nevirapine. However, no adverse effects were observed in this study.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
P-Glycoprotein Substrates

Theoretically, black pepper might increase levels of P-glycoprotein substrates.
In vitro research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, seems to inhibit P-glycoprotein.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Pentobarbital (Nembutal)

Theoretically, black pepper might increase the sedative effects of pentobarbital.
Animal research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, increases pentobarbital-induced sleeping time.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Phenytoin (Dilantin)

Black pepper might increase blood levels of phenytoin.
Clinical research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, seems to increase absorption, slow elimination, and increase levels of phenytoin. Taking a single dose of black pepper 1 gram along with phenytoin seems to double the serum concentration of phenytoin. Consuming a soup with black pepper providing piperine 44 mg/200 mL of soup along with phenytoin also seems to increase phenytoin levels when compared with consuming the same soup without black pepper.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Propranolol (Inderal)

Black pepper might increase blood levels of propranolol.
Clinical research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, seems to increase absorption and slow elimination of propranolol.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Rifampin (Rifadin)

Black pepper might increase blood levels of rifampin.
Clinical research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, seems to increase absorption and serum levels of rifampin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Theophylline

Black pepper might increase blood levels of theophylline.
Clinical research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, seems to increase absorption and slow elimination of theophylline.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Amoxicillin (Amoxil, Trimox)

Theoretically, black pepper might increase the effects and side effects of amoxicillin.
Animal research shows that taking piperine, a constituent of black pepper, with amoxicillin increases plasma levels of amoxicillin. This has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

Theoretically, black pepper might increase blood levels of carbamazepine, potentially increasing the effects and side effects of carbamazepine.
One clinical study in patients taking carbamazepine 300 mg or 500 mg twice daily shows that taking a single 20 mg dose of purified piperine, a constituent of black pepper, increases carbamazepine levels. Piperine may increase carbamazepine absorption by increasing blood flow to the GI tract, increasing the surface area of the small intestine, or inhibiting cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) in the gut wall. Absorption was significantly increased by 7-10 mcg/mL/hour. The time to eliminate carbamazepine was also increased by 4-8 hours. Although carbamazepine levels were increased, this did not appear to increase side effects. In vitro research also shows that piperine can increase carbamazepine levels by 11% in a time-dependent manner.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, black pepper might decrease levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
In vitro research suggests that black pepper induces CYP1A2. This has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
BioPerine full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Vitamin & Mineral Optimize, from the product label.

Enzymedica

See all Enzymedica products
Name
Enzymedica, Inc.
Street Address
752 Tamiami Trail
City
Port Charlotte
State
FL
ZipCode
33953
Phone Number
1-888-918-1118
Web Address
www.enzymedica.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Vitamin & Mineral Optimize by Enzymedica: Common Questions

Does Vitamin & Mineral Optimize by Enzymedica interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Vitamin & Mineral Optimize has a known interaction with 1,019 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Vitamin & Mineral Optimize contains 12 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Does this product actually help with digestion?
Lactase is proven effective for lactose intolerance specifically. For the other enzymes—protease, lipase, and the rest—we don't have enough reliable evidence to say whether they help with general digestion or related issues. Your mileage may vary.
Is it safe to take if I'm pregnant?
Lactase is likely safe in pregnancy. Protease and lipase are best avoided unless your doctor prescribes them. BioPerine has mixed safety data, so check with your doctor before use. We don't have pregnancy data for the other enzymes, so ask your doctor or pharmacist for personalized advice.
Can I take this while breastfeeding?
Lactase and BioPerine appear safer, but data is limited. Protease and lipase are not recommended without medical advice because there's little safety data. We hold no breastfeeding information for the other ingredients, so talk to your pharmacist first.
What's BioPerine, and why is it in here?
BioPerine is black pepper extract. It's included to help your body absorb the other ingredients more effectively. It's well tolerated at food-spice levels, though concentrated doses can cause a burning aftertaste and digestive discomfort, and rarely an allergic reaction.
Are there any side effects I should know about?
The enzymes are generally well tolerated. The most common issues are digestive upset (nausea, cramping) and rarely an allergic reaction. BioPerine can cause a burning aftertaste, indigestion, or cough when inhaled. If you have a serious digestive condition, check with your doctor first.
Does this product have fillers?
The only inactive ingredient listed is the vegetarian capsule itself, so there are no added fillers or binders.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Vitamin & Mineral Optimize is safe with your meds?

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Ask a pharmacist

Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Vitamin & Mineral Optimize label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Vitamin & Mineral Optimize’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases)

Proteolytic enzymes are proteins that help break down other proteins, and common examples include bromelain (from pineapple), papain (from papaya), trypsin, chymotrypsin, and pancreatin. Peo...

Read the full Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Lipase

Lipase is a digestive enzyme that helps your body break down dietary fats. It is well established as part of prescription pancreatic enzyme therapy for people who cannot make enough of their...

Read the full Lipase monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Lactase

Lactase is a digestive enzyme supplement that helps people who lack enough natural lactase break down lactose, the sugar in milk and dairy. It can reduce gas, bloating, cramping, and diarrhe...

Read the full Lactase monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Black Pepper

Interacts with 1,019 drugs

Black pepper is a common kitchen spice that is generally safe in the amounts used in food. Its extract, piperine, is mostly added to supplements to help the body absorb other ingredients (li...

Read the full Black Pepper monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Vitamin & Mineral Optimize's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 34 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) 3 references
  1. Weeks JA, Harper RA, Simon RA, Burdick JD. Assessment of sensitization risk of a laundry pre-spotter containing protease. Cutan Ocul Toxicol. 2011;30(4):272-9. PubMed
  2. Marquès LI, Lara S, Abós T, Bartolomé B. Occupational rhinitis due to pepsin. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2006;16(2):136-7. DOI
  3. Cartier A, Malo JL, Pineau L, Dolovich J. Occupational asthma due to pepsin. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1984;73(5 Pt 1):574-7. PubMed

See these in context on the Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) monograph →

Lipase 1 reference
  1. Casper C, Hascoet JM, Ertl T, et al. Recombinant bile salt-stimulated lipase in preterm infant feeding: A randomized phase 3 study. PLoS One. 2016;11(5):e0156071. PubMed

See these in context on the Lipase monograph →

Lactase 1 reference
  1. Laukkanen A, Ruoppi P, Remes S, Koistinen T, Mäkinen-Kiljunen S. Lactase-induced occupational protein contact dermatitis and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. Contact Dermatitis. 2007;57(2):89-93. PubMed

See these in context on the Lactase monograph →

Black Pepper 29 references
  1. Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics. 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
  2. Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
  3. Bano G, Amla V, Raina RK, et al. The effect of piperine on pharmacokinetics of phenytoin in healthy volunteers. Planta Med 1987;53:568-9. PubMed
  4. Bano G, et al. Effect of piperine on bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of propranolol and theophylline in healthy volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1991;41;615-7. PubMed
  5. Cohle SD, Trestrail JD III, Graham MA, et al. Fatal pepper aspiration. Am J Dis Child 1988;142:633-6. PubMed
  6. Bhardwaj RK, Glaeser H, Becquemont L, et al. Piperine, a major constituent of black pepper, inhibits human P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2002;302:645-50. PubMed
  7. Velpandian T, Jasuja R, Bhardwaj RK, et al. Piperine in food: interference in the pharmacokinetics of phenytoin. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2001;26:241-7. PubMed
  8. Pattanaik S, Hota D, Prabhakar S, et al. Pharmacokinetic interaction of a single dose of piperine with steady-state carbamazepine in epilepsy patients. Phytother Res 2009;23:1281-6.
  9. Munakata, M., Kobayashi, K., Niisato-Nezu, J., Tanaka, S., Kakisaka, Y., Ebihara, T., Ebihara, S., Haginoya, K., Tsuchiya, S., and Onuma, A. Olfactory stimulation using black pepper oil facilitates oral feeding in pediatric patients receiving long-term en
  10. Myers, B. M., Smith, J. L., and Graham, D. Y. Effect of red pepper and black pepper on the stomach. Am J Gastroenterol 1987;82(3):211-214.
  11. Raghavendra, R. H. and Naidu, K. A. Spice active principles as the inhibitors of human platelet aggregation and thromboxane biosynthesis. Prostaglandins Leukot.Essent.Fatty Acids 2009;81(1):73-78. PubMed
  12. Subehan, Usia, T., Kadota, S., and Tezuka, Y. Mechanism-based inhibition of human liver microsomal cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) by alkamides of Piper nigrum. Planta Med 2006;72(6):527-532.
  13. Kasibhatta, R. and Naidu, M. U. Influence of piperine on the pharmacokinetics of nevirapine under fasting conditions: a randomised, crossover, placebo-controlled study. Drugs R.D. 2007;8(6):383-391. PubMed
  14. Usia, T., Iwata, H., Hiratsuka, A., Watabe, T., Kadota, S., and Tezuka, Y. CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitory activities of Indonesian medicinal plants. Phytomedicine. 2006;13(1-2):67-73. PubMed
  15. Mujumdar, A. M., Dhuley, J. N., Deshmukh, V. K., Raman, P. H., Thorat, S. L., and Naik, S. R. Effect of piperine on pentobarbitone induced hypnosis in rats. Indian J Exp.Biol. 1990;28(5):486-487.
  16. Panda, S. and Kar, A. Piperine lowers the serum concentrations of thyroid hormones, glucose and hepatic 5'D activity in adult male mice. Horm.Metab Res. 2003;35(9):523-526. PubMed
  17. Lawless, H. and Stevens, D. A. Effects of oral chemical irritation on taste. Physiol Behav. 1984;32(6):995-998. PubMed
  18. Hiwale, A. R., Dhuley, J. N., and Naik, S. R. Effect of co-administration of piperine on pharmacokinetics of beta-lactam antibiotics in rats. Indian J Exp.Biol. 2002;40(3):277-281.
  19. Han, Y., Chin Tan, T. M., and Lim, L. Y. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the effects of piperine on P-gp function and expression. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. 8-1-2008;230(3):283-289. PubMed
  20. Sharma, P., Varma, M. V., Chawla, H. P., and Panchagnula, R. In situ and in vivo efficacy of peroral absorption enhancers in rats and correlation to in vitro mechanistic studies. Farmaco 2005;60(11-12):874-883. PubMed
  21. Aher, S., Biradar, S., Gopu, C. L., and Paradkar, A. Novel pepper extract for enhanced P-glycoprotein inhibition. J Pharm.Pharmacol. 2009;61(9):1179-1186. PubMed
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See these in context on the Black Pepper monograph →

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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