Bupivacaine / Epinephrine
Bupivacaine/Epinephrine is a long-acting local anesthetic injection used to numb a specific area of the body during surgery, dental procedures, or other medical treatments.
🧬 Where this information comes from Click to expand
The clinical label records used on this page are FDA-filed Structured Product Labeling (SPL) retrieved through openFDA. We identified 13 clinical label sets within the page’s selected clinical scope after exact ingredient or ingredient-combination matching and applicable route/form matching. Forms, routes, brands, labelers, strengths, and NDC product-record counts are built separately from matching FDA National Drug Code Directory records. The linked DailyMed document is a representative official source for verification, not the page’s only clinical source. View the linked label on DailyMed →
⚠️ FDA Boxed Warning — the FDA’s strongest safety alert ▾
The highest concentration (0.75%) of this medication must NOT be used for epidural anesthesia in obstetrical (labor and delivery) patients. There have been reports of cardiac arrest — often impossible to reverse — and death in pregnant patients who received this concentration via epidural. Cardiac arrest in these cases followed seizures caused by the drug entering the bloodstream accidentally. This concentration should only be used in specific surgical situations requiring deep muscle relaxation.
This medication should only be given by clinicians who are fully trained in recognizing and managing toxic reactions, and only in settings where oxygen, emergency drugs, and resuscitation equipment are immediately available. Delays in managing a toxic reaction — or any breathing problem — can lead to a dangerous drop in blood pH (acidosis), cardiac arrest, and death.
Solutions from multi-dose vials (which contain preservatives) must never be used for epidural or spinal anesthesia, as the safety of those preservatives near the spinal cord has not been established. Using this drug as a continuous infusion directly into a joint after surgery is also not approved and has caused serious joint cartilage damage.
📖 Bupivacaine / Epinephrine: Patient Information Guide
A plain-language walkthrough of Bupivacaine / Epinephrine — what it treats, how it works, how it’s taken, side effects, warnings and interactions. Tap any section to expand it.
🎯What it's used for▾
Bupivacaine/Epinephrine is used in adults to numb or relieve pain in a specific part of the body. Main approved uses include:
- General and specialized surgery
- Dental and oral surgery procedures
- Diagnostic procedures (tests that may cause discomfort)
- Therapeutic procedures requiring local pain control
- Obstetrical (pregnancy-related) procedures — with important restrictions on technique and concentration
⚙️How it works▾
Bupivacaine blocks nerve signals by making it harder for nerves to fire. It raises the electrical threshold needed to trigger a nerve impulse, slows how fast impulses travel, and reduces the electrical activity in the nerve fiber. This causes a predictable numbing sequence: pain disappears first, then temperature, then touch, then proprioception (your sense of body position), and finally muscle tone.
Epinephrine is added as a vasoconstrictor — it tightens blood vessels near the injection site. This slows how fast bupivacaine is absorbed into the bloodstream, which prolongs the numbing effect and helps keep drug levels in the blood at a safer range.
💊How it's taken▾
This medication is given by injection only, by a trained healthcare professional. You will not take it at home.
- It is injected at or near the area to be numbed — the exact technique depends on your procedure (nerve block, epidural, dental injection, etc.).
- After a dental injection, numbing typically begins within 2–10 minutes and can last up to 7 hours.
- The dose, concentration, and method are chosen by your care team based on your specific procedure and health status.
- Single-dose vials should not be saved or reused after opening.
🤒Side effects — in detail▾
Like all local anesthetics, this medication can cause side effects — most are related to how much drug reaches the bloodstream.
- Restlessness, anxiety, or tremors
- Shivering or dizziness
- Nausea or vomiting
- Drop in blood pressure (hypotension)
- Slow or irregular heartbeat
- Allergic reactions: rash, hives, swelling
Seek emergency help immediately for seizures, trouble breathing, loss of consciousness, bluish skin color, or any sign of cardiac arrest — these indicate a serious toxic reaction requiring urgent treatment.
⚠️Warnings & precautions▾
- Cardiac arrest risk: If bupivacaine accidentally enters a blood vessel, it can cause seizures followed by cardiac arrest that may be impossible to reverse. Emergency equipment must always be available when this drug is used.
- Obstetrical restriction: The 0.75% concentration must never be used for epidural anesthesia during labor — it has caused deaths that could not be reversed with resuscitation.
- Sulfite allergy risk: The epinephrine-containing formulation contains sodium metabisulfite, which can trigger severe allergic reactions or life-threatening asthma in sulfite-sensitive people.
- Methemoglobinemia: A rare but serious condition where blood loses its ability to carry oxygen — watch for bluish skin, rapid heart rate, and confusion.
- Joint damage: Using this drug as a continuous infusion directly into a joint (e.g., shoulder) after arthroscopic surgery is not approved and has caused permanent cartilage damage (chondrolysis).
- Older adults: Patients 65 and older, particularly those with high blood pressure, face a higher risk of low blood pressure during anesthesia with this drug.
🔀What it interacts with▾
Several medications can interact dangerously with the epinephrine component or add to bupivacaine's toxic effects:
- Other local anesthetics — toxic effects are additive; combined use increases heart and nervous system risks.
- MAO inhibitors (e.g., phenelzine, tranylcypromine) — can cause severe, prolonged high blood pressure; generally avoid combining.
- Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., amitriptyline, nortriptyline) — same severe high blood pressure risk as MAO inhibitors.
- Ergot-type drugs (used to control bleeding after childbirth) — risk of severe high blood pressure or stroke.
- Non-selective beta-blockers (e.g., propranolol) — can cause dangerous rise in blood pressure and a very slow heart rate.
- Potent inhaled anesthetics — may trigger serious heart arrhythmias (irregular heart rhythms).
- Drugs linked to methemoglobinemia (certain nitrates, antibiotics, antimalarials, anticonvulsants) — increase the risk of a dangerous blood oxygen problem.
This is not a complete list of interactions. Always talk with your doctor or pharmacist before starting, stopping, or changing any medication.
📋Before taking it▾
- Known allergy to bupivacaine, any amide-type local anesthetic, or sulfites — this drug is contraindicated.
- Pregnancy: the drug crosses the placenta and can affect the baby; use in obstetrical paracervical block is strictly contraindicated due to risk of fetal slow heart rate and death.
- Children under 12: not recommended.
- Adults 65 and older: higher risk of low blood pressure, especially if hypertension is present — closer monitoring is needed.
- Moderate to severe liver disease: the body may process bupivacaine more slowly, raising the risk of toxic buildup.
- History of taking MAO inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, beta-blockers, or ergot drugs — tell your care team before receiving this injection.
- Intravenous regional anesthesia (Bier Block): absolutely contraindicated — cardiac arrest and death have been reported with this technique.
🚑If you take too much▾
Too much bupivacaine in the bloodstream — from an accidental intravascular injection or excessive dosing — can cause restlessness, tremors, and seizures, followed by loss of consciousness, respiratory arrest, and cardiac arrest. Emergency treatment focuses on maintaining an open airway, providing 100% oxygen, controlling seizures with appropriate medications, and supporting circulation with fluids and vasopressors as needed. This is a medical emergency that requires immediate intervention by trained personnel with resuscitation equipment.
📡Pharmacodynamics — effects in the body▾
At normal therapeutic levels in the body, bupivacaine has minimal effects on the heart and blood vessels. However, at toxic blood concentrations, it depresses the heart's electrical conduction system — potentially causing dangerous arrhythmias (abnormal heart rhythms), reduced pumping strength, blood vessel dilation, and ultimately cardiac arrest. These cardiovascular effects are most likely when the drug accidentally enters a blood vessel directly. In the nervous system, too much bupivacaine first causes stimulation (agitation, tremors, seizures), then depression (coma, respiratory arrest).
🔬Pharmacokinetics — how your body processes it▾
How quickly bupivacaine is absorbed depends on the dose, the injection site's blood supply, and whether epinephrine is present — epinephrine slows absorption and lowers peak blood levels. Bupivacaine is highly protein-bound (about 95%), which limits how much crosses the placenta to the baby. It distributes widely in the body, with high concentrations in well-perfused organs like the liver, lungs, heart, and brain. The drug is metabolized (broken down) primarily in the liver, so liver disease can slow its clearance and raise the risk of toxic accumulation.
📦How to store it▾
Store at 20 °C to 25 °C (68 °F to 77 °F); excursions permitted between 15 °C to 30 °C (59 °F to 86 °F). protect from light.
📄 Written from Bupivacaine / Epinephrine’s FDA-approved label information, summarized in plain language with AI, and reviewed by our pharmacy team before publication. Every point is grounded in that labeling — nothing is invented. How we use AI →
🩺 Pharmacist Counseling Corner
Quick, plain-English answers to the questions patients ask most about Bupivacaine / Epinephrine — the kind of thing our pharmacy team would talk through with you at the counter.
What is this injection actually for — why did my doctor order it? ▾
How long will the numbness last, and what will it feel like wearing off? ▾
What side effects should I watch for after the injection? ▾
Are there any medications I take that could cause a problem with this injection? ▾
Is this safe if I'm pregnant? ▾
I'm older and have high blood pressure — is there anything special I should know? ▾
Is Bupivacaine / Epinephrine available over the counter? ▾
When was Bupivacaine / Epinephrine first available? ▾
Who makes Bupivacaine / Epinephrine? ▾
💬 Answers drafted from Bupivacaine / Epinephrine’s FDA-approved label information, summarized in plain language with AI, and reviewed by our pharmacy team before publication. Grounded in that labeling — nothing is made up. How we use AI →
🧰 Keep exploring
💊 How Bupivacaine / Epinephrine comes
Bupivacaine / Epinephrine is available in 1 form. Different forms and brands can have different approved uses, doses, schedules, and directions. Follow the instructions for your exact product, and do not switch forms without guidance from your prescriber or pharmacist.
Injection
Show 1 more strength Show fewer strengths
📊 Bupivacaine / Epinephrine across the U.S. market
How Bupivacaine / Epinephrine appears in the FDA’s National Drug Code Directory — including its dosage forms, strengths, brand names, manufacturers, and FDA-listed product records. These are directory records, not sales or prescription volume.
Share of FDA-listed product records by manufacturer — FDA National Drug Code Directory. Record counts are not sales or prescription volume.
📈 How widely Bupivacaine / Epinephrine is used
A general measure of how commonly Bupivacaine / Epinephrine is prescribed, based on Medicaid — one of the largest public drug programs. The figure below is prescriptions filled in Q1–Q4 2025, summed across every form and brand of the drug.
Think of this as a proxy for how widely Bupivacaine / Epinephrine is used, drawn from freely available public data. Medicaid is just one program — these numbers don’t include Medicare, other government coverage, or commercial and cash-pay prescriptions, so real-world use is higher than what’s shown here.
How commonly is Bupivacaine / Epinephrine prescribed? Of the 1,597 medications we measure, Bupivacaine / Epinephrine ranks #529 by Medicaid prescriptions — more than 67% of them.
Utilization by Bupivacaine / Epinephrine product
Pick a product to see its own Medicaid numbers. Each chip is one clinical product — a specific strength & dosage form as defined by RxNorm — with brand-name and generic versions combined.
30 ML bupivacaine hydrochloride 5 MG/ML / epinephrine 0.005 MG/ML Injection Most dispensed
Summed across the 5 of 12 listed NDC products with Medicaid activity — every brand and generic of this exact strength & form. RxNorm 1672919
30 ML bupivacaine hydrochloride 2.5 MG/ML / epinephrine 0.005 MG/ML Injection
Summed across the 4 of 11 listed NDC products with Medicaid activity — every brand and generic of this exact strength & form. RxNorm 1867596
bupivacaine hydrochloride 2.5 MG/ML / epinephrine 0.005 MG/ML Injectable Solution
Summed across the 3 of 10 listed NDC products with Medicaid activity — every brand and generic of this exact strength & form. RxNorm 1012377
10 ML bupivacaine hydrochloride 5 MG/ML / epinephrine 0.005 MG/ML Injection
Summed across the 3 of 8 listed NDC products with Medicaid activity — every brand and generic of this exact strength & form. RxNorm 1672917
10 ML bupivacaine hydrochloride 2.5 MG/ML / epinephrine 0.005 MG/ML Injection
Summed across the 3 of 8 listed NDC products with Medicaid activity — every brand and generic of this exact strength & form. RxNorm 1867594
bupivacaine hydrochloride 5 MG/ML / epinephrine 0.005 MG/ML Injectable Solution
Summed across the 3 of 10 listed NDC products with Medicaid activity — every brand and generic of this exact strength & form. RxNorm 1012384
Other Bupivacaine / Epinephrine products — combination packs and listings not yet matched to a specific clinical product (kept visible so every prescription is accounted for)
Summed across the 20 of 27 listed NDC products with Medicaid activity.
Shares are of the Medicaid prescriptions shown here. Product grouping follows RxNorm (the National Library of Medicine’s drug terminology), so “one product” means one strength & dosage form regardless of manufacturer. Dollar figures are gross Medicaid reimbursement before mandatory rebates — rebates (often large, especially for brand-name drugs) are confidential, so actual net cost to Medicaid is lower than shown.
Source: Medicaid State Drug Utilization Data (CMS), aggregated by generic ingredient — summed across every NDC (all brands, strengths, salt forms and dosage forms) of Bupivacaine / Epinephrine, and across all states and both fee-for-service and managed-care claims. A general popularity signal; it excludes Medicare, commercial insurance and cash prescriptions, so it is not total U.S. use. Based on the 41 of 86 listed Bupivacaine / Epinephrine NDCs with Medicaid activity.
🔍 Compare Bupivacaine / Epinephrine products
A representative set of FDA-listed product records for Bupivacaine / Epinephrine — across manufacturers, strengths, and dosage forms, grouped by form with each product’s manufacturer and how the FDA approved it. The same medicine may be made and packaged by different companies, so a single drug can have many directory entries. (It’s also why a refill can look different — a new shape, color, or box — even though it contains the same medication.)
| Strength | Route | Manufacturer / Labeler | Category ⓘ | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 💊Injection | ||||
| BUPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 2.5 mg/mL; EPINEPHRINE BITARTRATE 0.005 mg/mL | Infiltration, Perineural | Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC | ANDA | View NDC → |
| BUPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 2.5 mg/mL; EPINEPHRINE BITARTRATE 0.005 mg/mL | Epidural, Infiltration, Intracaudal, Perineural | Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC × 2 listings | ANDA | View NDC → |
| BUPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 5 mg/mL; EPINEPHRINE BITARTRATE 0.005 mg/mL | Epidural, Infiltration, Intracaudal, Perineural | Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC | NDA | View NDC → |
| BUPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 5 mg/mL; EPINEPHRINE BITARTRATE 0.005 mg/mL | Perineural | Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC | ANDA | View NDC → |
| BUPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 5 mg/mL; EPINEPHRINE BITARTRATE 0.005 mg/mL | Epidural, Intracaudal, Perineural | Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC | NDA | View NDC → |
| BUPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 7.5 mg/mL; EPINEPHRINE BITARTRATE 0.005 mg/mL | Epidural, Retrobulbar | Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC | NDA | View NDC → |
| 2.5; 0.005 mg/mL; mg/mL | Epidural; Infiltration; Intracaudal; Perineural | Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC | ANDA | View NDC → |
| 2.5; 0.005 mg/mL; mg/mL | Infiltration; Perineural | Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC | ANDA | View NDC → |
| 5; 0.005 mg/mL; mg/mL | Perineural | Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC | ANDA | View NDC → |
| 5; 0.005 mg/mL; mg/mL | Epidural; Intracaudal; Perineural | Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC | NDA | View NDC → |
| 7.5; 0.005 mg/mL; mg/mL | Epidural; Retrobulbar | Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC | NDA | View NDC → |
| 2.5; 5 mg/mL; mcg/mL | Epidural; Infiltration; Intracaudal; Perineural | General Injectables & Vaccines, Inc | ANDA | Find on DailyMed ↗ |
| 2.5; 0.0091 mg/mL; mg/mL | Epidural; Infiltration; Intracaudal; Perineural | General Injectables & Vaccines, Inc. | NDA | Find on DailyMed ↗ |
| BUPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 2.5 mg/mL; EPINEPHRINE BITARTRATE 0.0091 mg/mL | Epidural, Infiltration, Intracaudal, Perineural | Henry Schein, Inc. | NDA | View NDC → |
| BUPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 2.5 mg/mL; EPINEPHRINE BITARTRATE 5 mcg/mL | Epidural, Infiltration, Intracaudal, Perineural | Henry Schein, Inc. | ANDA | View NDC → |
| 2.5; 0.0091 mg/mL; mg/mL | Epidural; Infiltration; Intracaudal; Perineural | Henry Schein, Inc. × 2 listings | NDA | View NDC → |
| 2.5; 5 mg/mL; mcg/mL | Epidural; Infiltration; Intracaudal; Perineural | Henry Schein, Inc. × 2 listings | ANDA | View NDC → |
| BUPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 5 mg/mL; EPINEPHRINE BITARTRATE 0.005 mg/mL | Perineural | HF Acquisition Co LLC, DBA HealthFirst | ANDA | View NDC → |
| 5; 0.005 mg/mL; mg/mL | Perineural | HF Acquisition Co LLC, DBA HealthFirst | ANDA | View NDC → |
| BUPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 2.5 mg/mL; EPINEPHRINE BITARTRATE 0.0091 mg/mL | Epidural, Infiltration, Intracaudal, Perineural | Hospira, Inc. × 3 listings | NDA | View NDC → |
| BUPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 2.5 mg/mL; EPINEPHRINE BITARTRATE 0.0091 mg/mL | Infiltration, Perineural | Hospira, Inc. × 2 listings | NDA | View NDC → |
| BUPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 2.5 mg/mL; EPINEPHRINE BITARTRATE 5 mcg/mL | Epidural, Infiltration, Intracaudal, Perineural | Hospira, Inc. | ANDA | View NDC → |
| BUPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 2.5 mg/mL; EPINEPHRINE BITARTRATE 5 mcg/mL | Infiltration, Perineural | Hospira, Inc. | ANDA | View NDC → |
| BUPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 5 mg/mL; EPINEPHRINE BITARTRATE 0.0091 mg/mL | Perineural | Hospira, Inc. × 2 listings | NDA | View NDC → |
| BUPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 5 mg/mL; EPINEPHRINE BITARTRATE 0.0091 mg/mL | Epidural, Intracaudal, Perineural | Hospira, Inc. × 3 listings | NDA | View NDC → |
| BUPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 5 mg/mL; EPINEPHRINE BITARTRATE 5 mcg/mL | Perineural | Hospira, Inc. | ANDA | View NDC → |
| BUPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 5 mg/mL; EPINEPHRINE BITARTRATE 5 mcg/mL | Epidural, Intracaudal, Perineural | Hospira, Inc. | ANDA | View NDC → |
| 2.5; 0.0091 mg/mL; mg/mL | Epidural; Infiltration; Intracaudal; Perineural | Hospira, Inc. × 6 listings | NDA | View NDC → |
| 2.5; 0.0091 mg/mL; mg/mL | Infiltration; Perineural | Hospira, Inc. × 4 listings | NDA | View NDC → |
| 2.5; 5 mg/mL; mcg/mL | Epidural; Infiltration; Intracaudal; Perineural | Hospira, Inc. × 2 listings | ANDA | View NDC → |
| 2.5; 5 mg/mL; mcg/mL | Infiltration; Perineural | Hospira, Inc. × 2 listings | ANDA | View NDC → |
| 5; 0.0091 mg/mL; mg/mL | Perineural | Hospira, Inc. × 4 listings | NDA | View NDC → |
| 5; 0.0091 mg/mL; mg/mL | Epidural; Intracaudal; Perineural | Hospira, Inc. × 6 listings | NDA | View NDC → |
| 5; 5 mg/mL; mcg/mL | Perineural | Hospira, Inc. × 2 listings | ANDA | View NDC → |
| 5; 5 mg/mL; mcg/mL | Epidural; Intracaudal; Perineural | Hospira, Inc. × 2 listings | ANDA | View NDC → |
| BUPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE ANHYDROUS 5 mg/mL; EPINEPHRINE BITARTRATE 0.005 mg/mL | Submucosal | Septodont, Inc. × 2 listings | ANDA | View NDC → |
| 5; 0.005 mg/mL; mg/mL | Subcutaneous | Septodont, Inc. × 3 listings | ANDA | View NDC → |
| BUPIVACAINE HYDROCHLORIDE 5 mg/mL; EPINEPHRINE BITARTRATE 0.005 mg/mL | Perineural | Sportpharm LLC | ANDA | View NDC → |
Showing 70 of 70 products — FDA National Drug Code Directory. See every product, package size and price: browse all 70 Bupivacaine / Epinephrine NDCs →
📈 What people report — real-world data (FDA FAERS)
After a medicine reaches the market, patients, doctors and drugmakers can send the FDA reports of problems they think may be linked to it. Here’s what’s been reported for Bupivacaine / Epinephrine — a signal of what to watch for, not proof the drug caused it.
Source: openFDA, from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). These are voluntary reports — they don’t prove the drug caused the effect, and counts reflect how often something was reported, not how often it actually happens. Reports also often name the very problem the medicine is taken for — a common reason to file one is that the drug didn’t help — so for a pain reliever you may see “pain” high on the list; that points to why the report was filed, not to the drug causing the symptom. This counts every report that lists Bupivacaine / Epinephrine in any role, so the total runs higher than the FDA’s official dashboard, which counts only cases where the drug is the suspect. For the authoritative figures, see the FDA FAERS Public Dashboard. Always talk to your pharmacist or doctor.
🏛️ The road to your pharmacy
How Bupivacaine / Epinephrine went from FDA review to the pharmacy shelf — the key milestones in its regulatory journey.
Source: Drugs@FDA.
🚨 Recall history
A recall is when a specific batch of a medicine is pulled from the market — usually a manufacturing issue, not a problem with the drug itself. Class I is most serious, Class III least.
Source: openFDA drug enforcement (recall) reports.
RxNorm Concept Web — From Ingredient to Every Form and Strength
This page starts with one exact multiple-ingredient concept (MIN). The branches below show its dose-form concepts (SCDF), then the available clinical drug and strength concepts (SCD). A product with a different ingredient combination belongs on a different page.
RxCUI 107606 3 dose forms · 8 strengths
-
Dose form (SCDF) Cartridge RxCUI 1670364No current FDA listingClinical drug / strength (SCD) 1.8 ML bupivacaine hydrochloride 5 MG/ML / epinephrine 0.005 MG/MLRxCUI 1670365 -
Dose form (SCDF) Injectable Solution RxCUI 374372In current FDA listingsClinical drug / strength (SCD) bupivacaine hydrochloride 2.5 MG/ML / epinephrine 0.005 MG/MLRxCUI 1012377bupivacaine hydrochloride 5 MG/ML / epinephrine 0.005 MG/MLRxCUI 1012384 -
Dose form (SCDF) Injection RxCUI 1672916In current FDA listingsClinical drug / strength (SCD) 10 ML bupivacaine hydrochloride 2.5 MG/ML / epinephrine 0.005 MG/MLRxCUI 186759410 ML bupivacaine hydrochloride 5 MG/ML / epinephrine 0.005 MG/MLRxCUI 167291730 ML bupivacaine hydrochloride 2.5 MG/ML / epinephrine 0.005 MG/MLRxCUI 186759630 ML bupivacaine hydrochloride 5 MG/ML / epinephrine 0.005 MG/MLRxCUI 167291930 ML bupivacaine hydrochloride 7.5 MG/ML / epinephrine 0.005 MG/MLRxCUI 1012391
Look up RxCUI 107606 in the RxCUI Atlas →
RxNorm is the U.S. National Library of Medicine’s normalized drug vocabulary. Its concept hierarchy can include forms that are not currently marketed; the status on each branch compares that concept with current FDA listings. RxCUIs identify vocabulary concepts, not individual packages or manufacturers.
📦 Supply & shortage status
Whether Bupivacaine / Epinephrine is in short supply in the U.S. right now, plus any shortage history the FDA has on record. A shortage usually reflects a manufacturing or demand issue — not a safety problem with the drug.
Source: openFDA, from the FDA Drug Shortages database.
🏷️ Sold under these brand names
🏭 Manufacturers & labelers
RxNorm drug class
Bupivacaine / Epinephrine belongs to the Amide Local Anesthetic class.
Classified by RxNorm RxClass — the U.S. National Library of Medicine's standardized drug-classification service (Established Pharmacologic Class from the FDA, the ATC drug family from the WHO, and mechanism of action). Reference only, not medical advice.
🔬 Where this comes from
Core label, product, RxNorm, safety, and utilization data on this page come from the sources identified below. AI-written, editorial, and licensed sections are labeled separately.
How we combine label and product data
HelloPharmacist combines public FDA and NLM records; we don’t author the underlying clinical facts. We identified 13 FDA-filed SPL label sets within the page’s selected clinical scope after exact ingredient or ingredient-combination matching and applicable route/form matching. The representative label is the starting point for the displayed reference monograph; the 12 largest stored in-scope SPL records, which may include that representative, are compared section by section, and the longest available version of each section is retained. Forms, routes, brands, labelers, product-listed strengths, and product-record counts are aggregated separately from ingredient-matched FDA NDC Directory records; package records listed above are associated with the linked SPL; and the normalized concept hierarchy comes from NLM RxNorm.
For canonical ingredient pages, bounded product-attributed indication and administration excerpts may be added to the AI evidence, and the generator is instructed to preserve available product, brand, route, and form qualifiers instead of treating one label as universal. Where a section is identified as AI-written, its plain-language text is generated from bounded label evidence. New draft drug pages remain in the admin review queue before first publication. Hospira, Inc. is the representative DailyMed label linked for verification and dates; it is not the sole source used for the page.
This is general education, not medical advice — always consult your doctor or pharmacist about your medications and any medical condition. For the exact wording of the linked representative label, view that label on DailyMed; some displayed composite sections may come from other in-scope SPL labels. Learn how we use AI and our data sources & update cadence.