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NDC 00378-5185-93 Prasugrel 5 mg/1 Details
Prasugrel 5 mg/1
Prasugrel is a ORAL TABLET, FILM COATED in the HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG category. It is labeled and distributed by Mylan Pharmaceuticals Inc.. The primary component is PRASUGREL HYDROCHLORIDE.
MedlinePlus Drug Summary
Prasugrel is used along with aspirin to prevent serious or life-threatening problems with the heart and blood vessels in people who have had a heart attack or severe chest pain and have been treated with angioplasty (procedure to open the blood vessels that supply blood to the heart). Prasugrel is in a class of medications called anti-platelet medications. It works by preventing platelets (a type of blood cell) from collecting and forming clots that may cause a heart attack or stroke.
Related Packages: 00378-5185-93Last Updated: 11/30/2022
MedLinePlus Full Drug Details: Prasugrel
Product Information
| NDC | 00378-5185 |
|---|---|
| Product ID | 0378-5185_7ec7f053-c7f5-4626-b8b4-3d3247f0845b |
| Associated GPIs | 85158060100320 |
| GCN Sequence Number | 064901 |
| GCN Sequence Number Description | prasugrel HCl TABLET 5 MG ORAL |
| HIC3 | M9P |
| HIC3 Description | PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS |
| GCN | 17056 |
| HICL Sequence Number | 036159 |
| HICL Sequence Number Description | PRASUGREL HCL |
| Brand/Generic | Generic |
| Proprietary Name | Prasugrel |
| Proprietary Name Suffix | n/a |
| Non-Proprietary Name | Prasugrel |
| Product Type | HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG |
| Dosage Form | TABLET, FILM COATED |
| Route | ORAL |
| Active Ingredient Strength | 5 |
| Active Ingredient Units | mg/1 |
| Substance Name | PRASUGREL HYDROCHLORIDE |
| Labeler Name | Mylan Pharmaceuticals Inc. |
| Pharmaceutical Class | Decreased Platelet Aggregation [PE], P2Y12 Platelet Inhibitor [EPC], P2Y12 Receptor Antagonists [MoA] |
| DEA Schedule | n/a |
| Marketing Category | ANDA |
| Application Number | ANDA205927 |
| Listing Certified Through | 2024-12-31 |
Package
Package Images
NDC 00378-5185-93 (00378518593)
| NDC Package Code | 0378-5185-93 |
|---|---|
| Billing NDC | 00378518593 |
| Package | 30 TABLET, FILM COATED in 1 BOTTLE, PLASTIC (0378-5185-93) |
| Marketing Start Date | 2017-08-16 |
| NDC Exclude Flag | N |
| Pricing Information | |
| Price Per Unit | 0.47769 |
| Pricing Unit | EA |
| Effective Date | 2024-02-21 |
| NDC Description | PRASUGREL 5 MG TABLET |
| Pharmacy Type Indicator | C/I |
| OTC | N |
| Explanation Code | 1 |
| Classification for Rate Setting | G |
| As of Date | 2024-02-21 |
Standard Product Labeling (SPL)/Prescribing Information SPL 41a4e332-6725-4cb7-940a-8291cf56cfe4 Details
HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION
PRASUGREL tablets, for oral use
Initial U.S. Approval: 2009
WARNING: BLEEDING RISK
See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning.
- •
- Prasugrel tablets can cause significant, sometimes fatal, bleeding (5.1, 5.2, 6.1).
- •
- Do not use prasugrel tablets in patients with active pathological bleeding or a history of transient ischemic attack or stroke (4.1, 4.2).
- •
- In patients ≥ 75 years of age, prasugrel tablets are generally not recommended, except in high-risk patients (diabetes or prior myocardial infarction [MI]), where their use may be considered (8.5).
- •
- Do not start prasugrel tablets in patients likely to undergo urgent coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). When possible, discontinue prasugrel tablets at least 7 days prior to any surgery (5.2).
- •
- Additional risk factors for bleeding include: body weight < 60 kg, propensity to bleed, concomitant use of medications that increase the risk of bleeding (5.1).
- •
- Suspect bleeding in any patient who is hypotensive and has recently undergone invasive or surgical procedures (5.1).
- •
- If possible, manage bleeding without discontinuing prasugrel tablets. Stopping prasugrel tablets increases the risk of subsequent cardiovascular events (5.3).
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Prasugrel tablets are a P2Y12 platelet inhibitor indicated for the reduction of thrombotic cardiovascular events (including stent thrombosis) in patients with acute coronary syndrome who are to be managed with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) as follows:
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS
5 mg and 10 mg tablets (3).
CONTRAINDICATIONS
WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
- •
- CABG-related bleeding: Risk increases in patients receiving prasugrel tablets who undergo CABG (5.2).
- •
- Discontinuation of prasugrel tablets: Premature discontinuation increases risk of stent thrombosis, MI, and death (5.3).
- •
- Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP): TTP has been reported with prasugrel tablets (5.4).
- •
- Hypersensitivity: Hypersensitivity including angioedema has been reported with prasugrel tablets including in patients with a history of hypersensitivity reaction to other thienopyridines (5.5).
ADVERSE REACTIONS
Bleeding, including life-threatening and fatal bleeding, is the most commonly reported adverse reaction (6.1).
To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Mylan at 1-877-446-3679 (1-877-4-INFO-RX) or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.
DRUG INTERACTIONS
Opioids: Decreased exposure to prasugrel. Consider use of parenteral antiplatelet agent (7.3).
See 17 for PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION and Medication Guide.
Revised: 6/2022
Table Of Contents
FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION: CONTENTS*
WARNING: BLEEDING RISK
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
1.1 Acute Coronary Syndrome
2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS
4 CONTRAINDICATIONS
4.1 Active Bleeding
4.2 Prior Transient Ischemic Attack or Stroke
4.3 Hypersensitivity
5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
5.1 General Risk of Bleeding
5.2 Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery-Related Bleeding
5.3 Discontinuation of Prasugrel Tablets
5.4 Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)
5.5 Hypersensitivity Including Angioedema
6 ADVERSE REACTIONS
6.1 Clinical Trials Experience
6.2 Postmarketing Experience
7 DRUG INTERACTIONS
7.1 Warfarin
7.2 Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
7.3 Opioids
7.4 Other Concomitant Medications
8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS
8.1 Pregnancy
8.2 Lactation
8.4 Pediatric Use
8.5 Geriatric Use
8.6 Low Body Weight
8.7 Renal Impairment
8.8 Hepatic Impairment
8.9 Metabolic Status
10 OVERDOSAGE
10.1 Signs and Symptoms
10.2 Recommendations about Specific Treatment
11 DESCRIPTION
12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
12.1 Mechanism of Action
12.2 Pharmacodynamics
12.3 Pharmacokinetics
12.5 Pharmacogenomics
13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY
13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility
14 CLINICAL STUDIES
16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING
16.1 How Supplied
16.2 Storage and Handling
17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION
- *
- Sections or subsections omitted from the full prescribing information are not listed.
WARNING
- •
- Prasugrel tablets can cause significant, sometimes fatal, bleeding [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1, 5.2) and Adverse Reactions (6.1)].
- •
- Do not use prasugrel tablets in patients with active pathological bleeding or a history of transient ischemic attack (TIA) or stroke [see Contraindications (4.1, 4.2)].
- •
- In patients ≥ 75 years of age, prasugrel tablets are generally not recommended, because of the increased risk of fatal and intracranial bleeding and uncertain benefit, except in high-risk situations (patients with diabetes or a history of prior myocardial infarction [MI]) where their effect appears to be greater and their use may be considered [see Use in Specific Populations (8.5)].
- •
- Do not start prasugrel tablets in patients likely to undergo urgent coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). When possible, discontinue prasugrel tablets at least 7 days prior to any surgery [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].
- •
- Additional risk factors for bleeding include: body weight < 60 kg, propensity to bleed, concomitant use of medications that increase the risk of bleeding (e.g., warfarin, heparin, fibrinolytic therapy, chronic use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs]) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
- •
- Suspect bleeding in any patient who is hypotensive and has recently undergone coronary angiography, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), CABG, or other surgical procedures in the setting of prasugrel tablets [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
- •
- If possible, manage bleeding without discontinuing prasugrel tablets. Discontinuing prasugrel tablets, particularly in the first few weeks after acute coronary syndrome, increases the risk of subsequent cardiovascular (CV) events [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
1.1 Acute Coronary Syndrome
Prasugrel tablets are indicated to reduce the rate of thrombotic CV events (including stent thrombosis) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who are to be managed with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) as follows:
- •
- Patients with unstable angina (UA) or non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).
- •
- Patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) when managed with primary or delayed PCI.
Prasugrel tablets have been shown to reduce the rate of a combined endpoint of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), or nonfatal stroke compared to clopidogrel. The difference between treatments was driven predominantly by MI, with no difference on strokes and little difference on CV death [see Clinical Studies (14)].
2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
Initiate prasugrel tablets treatment as a single 60 mg oral loading dose and then continue at 10 mg orally once daily. Patients taking prasugrel tablets should also take aspirin (75 mg to 325 mg) daily [see Drug Interactions (7.4) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. Prasugrel tablets may be administered with or without food [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) and Clinical Studies (14)].
Timing of Loading Dose: In the clinical trial that established the efficacy and safety of prasugrel tablets, the loading dose of prasugrel tablets was not administered until coronary anatomy was established in UA/NSTEMI patients and in STEMI patients presenting more than 12 hours after symptom onset. In STEMI patients presenting within 12 hours of symptom onset, the loading dose of prasugrel tablets was administered at the time of diagnosis, although most received prasugrel tablets at the time of PCI [see Clinical Studies (14)]. For the small fraction of patients that required urgent CABG after treatment with prasugrel tablets, the risk of significant bleeding was substantial.
Although it is generally recommended that antiplatelet therapy be administered promptly in the management of ACS because many cardiovascular events occur within hours of initial presentation, in a trial of 4033 NSTEMI patients, no clear benefit was observed when prasugrel tablets loading dose was administered prior to diagnostic coronary angiography compared to at the time of PCI; however, risk of bleeding was increased with early administration in patients undergoing PCI or early CABG.
Dosing in Low Weight Patients: Compared to patients weighing ≥ 60 kg, patients weighing < 60 kg have an increased exposure to the active metabolite of prasugrel and an increased risk of bleeding on a 10 mg once daily maintenance dose. Consider lowering the maintenance dose to 5 mg in patients < 60 kg. The effectiveness and safety of the 5 mg dose have not been prospectively studied [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1), Adverse Reactions (6.1), and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS
Prasugrel Tablets, USP are available containing prasugrel hydrochloride, USP equivalent to 5 mg or 10 mg prasugrel, respectively.
- •
- The 5 mg tablets are yellow, film-coated, capsule shaped, unscored tablets debossed with M on one side of the tablet and PH1 on the other side.
- •
- The 10 mg tablets are brown, film-coated, capsule shaped, unscored tablets debossed with M on one side of the tablet and PH2 on the other side.
4 CONTRAINDICATIONS
4.1 Active Bleeding
Prasugrel tablets are contraindicated in patients with active pathological bleeding such as peptic ulcer or intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) and Adverse Reactions (6.1)].
4.2 Prior Transient Ischemic Attack or Stroke
Prasugrel tablets are contraindicated in patients with a history of prior transient ischemic attack (TIA) or stroke. In TRITON-TIMI 38 (TRial to Assess Improvement in Therapeutic Outcomes by Optimizing Platelet InhibitioN with Prasugrel), patients with a history of TIA or ischemic stroke (> 3 months prior to enrollment) had a higher rate of stroke on prasugrel tablets (6.5%; of which 4.2% were thrombotic stroke and 2.3% were intracranial hemorrhage [ICH]) than on clopidogrel (1.2%; all thrombotic). In patients without such a history, the incidence of stroke was 0.9% (0.2% ICH) and 1.0% (0.3% ICH) with prasugrel tablets and clopidogrel, respectively. Patients with a history of ischemic stroke within 3 months of screening and patients with a history of hemorrhagic stroke at any time were excluded from TRITON-TIMI 38. Patients who experience a stroke or TIA while on prasugrel tablets generally should have therapy discontinued [see Adverse Reactions (6.1) and Clinical Studies (14)].
4.3 Hypersensitivity
Prasugrel tablets are contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity (e.g., anaphylaxis) to prasugrel or any component of the product [see Adverse Reactions (6.2)].
5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
5.1 General Risk of Bleeding
Thienopyridines, including prasugrel tablets, increase the risk of bleeding. With the dosing regimens used in TRITON-TIMI 38, TIMI (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction) Major (clinically overt bleeding associated with a fall in hemoglobin ≥ 5 g/dL, or intracranial hemorrhage) and TIMI Minor (overt bleeding associated with a fall in hemoglobin of ≥ 3 g/dL but < 5 g/dL), bleeding events were more common on prasugrel tablets than on clopidogrel [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. The bleeding risk is highest initially, as shown in Figure 1 (events through 450 days; inset shows events through 7 days).
Suspect bleeding in any patient who is hypotensive and has recently undergone coronary angiography, PCI, CABG, or other surgical procedures even if the patient does not have overt signs of bleeding.
Do not use prasugrel tablets in patients with active bleeding, prior TIA or stroke [see Contraindications (4.1, 4.2)].
Other risk factors for bleeding are:
- •
- Age ≥ 75 years. Because of the risk of bleeding (including fatal bleeding) and uncertain effectiveness in patients ≥ 75 years of age, use of prasugrel tablets is generally not recommended in these patients, except in high-risk situations (patients with diabetes or history of myocardial infarction) where their effect appears to be greater and their use may be considered [see Adverse Reactions (6.1), Use in Specific Populations (8.5), Clinical Pharmacology (12.3), and Clinical Studies (14)].
- •
- CABG or other surgical procedure [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].
- •
- Body weight < 60 kg. Consider a lower (5 mg) maintenance dose [see Dosage and Administration (2), Adverse Reactions (6.1), and Use in Specific Populations (8.6)].
- •
- Propensity to bleed (e.g., recent trauma, recent surgery, recent or recurrent gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, active peptic ulcer disease, severe hepatic impairment, or moderate to severe renal impairment) [see Adverse Reactions (6.1) and Use in Specific Populations (8.7, 8.8)].
- •
- Medications that increase the risk of bleeding (e.g., oral anticoagulants, chronic use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs], and fibrinolytic agents). Aspirin and heparin were commonly used in TRITON-TIMI 38 [see Drug Interactions (7.1, 7.2, 7.4) and Clinical Studies (14)].
Thienopyridines inhibit platelet aggregation for the lifetime of the platelet (7-10 days), so withholding a dose will not be useful in managing a bleeding event or the risk of bleeding associated with an invasive procedure. Because the half-life of prasugrel’s active metabolite is short relative to the lifetime of the platelet, it may be possible to restore hemostasis by administering exogenous platelets; however, platelet transfusions within 6 hours of the loading dose or 4 hours of the maintenance dose may be less effective.
5.2 Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery-Related Bleeding
The risk of bleeding is increased in patients receiving prasugrel tablets who undergo CABG. If possible, prasugrel tablets should be discontinued at least 7 days prior to CABG.
Of the 437 patients who underwent CABG during TRITON-TIMI 38, the rates of CABG-related TIMI Major or Minor bleeding were 14.1% in the prasugrel tablets group and 4.5% in the clopidogrel group [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. The higher risk for bleeding events in patients treated with prasugrel tablets persisted up to 7 days from the most recent dose of study drug. For patients receiving a thienopyridine within 3 days prior to CABG, the frequencies of TIMI Major or Minor bleeding were 26.7% (12 of 45 patients) in the prasugrel tablets group, compared with 5.0% (3 of 60 patients) in the clopidogrel group. For patients who received their last dose of thienopyridine within 4 to 7 days prior to CABG, the frequencies decreased to 11.3% (9 of 80 patients) in the prasugrel group and 3.4% (3 of 89 patients) in the clopidogrel group.
Do not start prasugrel tablets in patients likely to undergo urgent CABG. CABG-related bleeding may be treated with transfusion of blood products, including packed red blood cells and platelets; however, platelet transfusions within 6 hours of the loading dose or 4 hours of the maintenance dose may be less effective.
5.3 Discontinuation of Prasugrel Tablets
Discontinue thienopyridines, including prasugrel tablets, for active bleeding, elective surgery, stroke, or TIA. The optimal duration of thienopyridine therapy is unknown. In patients who are managed with PCI and stent placement, premature discontinuation of any antiplatelet medication, including thienopyridines, conveys an increased risk of stent thrombosis, myocardial infarction, and death. Patients who require premature discontinuation of a thienopyridine will be at increased risk for cardiac events. Lapses in therapy should be avoided, and if thienopyridines must be temporarily discontinued because of an adverse event(s), they should be restarted as soon as possible [see Contraindications (4.1, 4.2) and Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
5.4 Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)
TTP has been reported with the use of prasugrel tablets. TTP can occur after a brief exposure (< 2 weeks). TTP is a serious condition that can be fatal and requires urgent treatment, including plasmapheresis (plasma exchange). TTP is characterized by thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (schistocytes [fragment red blood cells] seen on peripheral smear), neurological findings, renal dysfunction, and fever [see Adverse Reactions (6.2)].
5.5 Hypersensitivity Including Angioedema
Hypersensitivity including angioedema has been reported in patients receiving prasugrel tablets, including patients with a history of hypersensitivity reaction to other thienopyridines [see Contraindications (4.3) and Adverse Reactions (6.2)].
6 ADVERSE REACTIONS
The following serious adverse reactions are also discussed elsewhere in the labeling:
- •
- Bleeding [see Boxed Warning and Warnings and Precautions (5.1, 5.2)]
- •
- Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)]
- •
- Hypersensitivity Including Angioedema [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)]
6.1 Clinical Trials Experience
Safety in patients with ACS undergoing PCI was evaluated in a clopidogrel-controlled study, TRITON-TIMI 38, in which 6741 patients were treated with prasugrel tablets (60 mg loading dose and 10 mg once daily) for a median of 14.5 months (5802 patients were treated for over 6 months; 4136 patients were treated for more than 1 year). The population treated with prasugrel tablets was 27 to 96 years of age, 25% female, and 92% Caucasian. All patients in the TRITON-TIMI 38 study were to receive aspirin. The dose of clopidogrel in this study was a 300 mg loading dose and 75 mg once daily.
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared with the rates observed in other clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.
Drug Discontinuation
The rate of study drug discontinuation because of adverse reactions was 7.2% for prasugrel tablets and 6.3% for clopidogrel. Bleeding was the most common adverse reaction leading to study drug discontinuation for both drugs (2.5% for prasugrel tablets and 1.4% for clopidogrel).
Bleeding
Bleeding Unrelated to CABG Surgery
In TRITON-TIMI 38, overall rates of TIMI Major or Minor bleeding adverse reactions unrelated to coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) were significantly higher on prasugrel tablets than on clopidogrel, as shown in Table 1.
|
Prasugrel
(%) (N = 6741) |
Clopidogrel (%) (N = 6716) |
|
|
TIMI Major or Minor bleeding |
4.5 |
3.4 |
|
TIMI Major bleeding† |
2.2 |
1.7 |
|
Life-threatening |
1.3 |
0.8 |
|
Fatal |
0.3 |
0.1 |
|
Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) |
0.3 |
0.3 |
|
Requiring inotropes |
0.3 |
0.1 |
|
Requiring surgical intervention |
0.3 |
0.3 |
|
Requiring transfusion (≥ 4 units) |
0.7 |
0.5 |
|
TIMI Minor bleeding† |
2.4 |
1.9 |
Figure 1 demonstrates non-CABG-related TIMI Major or Minor bleeding. The bleeding rate is highest initially, as shown in Figure 1 (inset: Days 0 to 7) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
Bleeding by Weight and Age
In TRITON-TIMI 38, non-CABG-related TIMI Major or Minor bleeding rates in patients with the risk factors of age ≥ 75 years and weight < 60 kg are shown in Table 2.
|
Major/Minor |
Fatal |
|||
|
Prasugrel Tablets* (%) |
Clopidogrel† (%) |
Prasugrel Tablets* (%) |
Clopidogrel† (%) |
|
|
Weight < 60 kg (N = 308 prasugrel tablets, N = 356 clopidogrel) |
10.1 |
6.5 |
0.0 |
0.3 |
|
Weight ≥ 60 kg (N = 6373 prasugrel tablets, N = 6299 clopidogrel) |
4.2 |
3.3 |
0.3 |
0.1 |
|
Age < 75 years (N = 5850 prasugrel tablets, N = 5822 clopidogrel) |
3.8 |
2.9 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
|
Age ≥ 75 years (N = 891 prasugrel tablets, N = 894 clopidogrel) |
9.0 |
6.9 |
1.0 |
0.1 |
Bleeding Related to CABG
In TRITON-TIMI 38, 437 patients who received a thienopyridine underwent CABG during the course of the study. The rate of CABG-related TIMI Major or Minor bleeding was 14.1% for the prasugrel tablets group and 4.5% in the clopidogrel group (see Table 3). The higher risk for bleeding adverse reactions in patients treated with prasugrel tablets persisted up to 7 days from the most recent dose of study drug.
|
||
|
Prasugrel Tablets (%) (N = 213) |
Clopidogrel (%) (N = 224) |
|
|
TIMI Major or Minor bleeding |
14.1 |
4.5 |
|
TIMI Major bleeding |
11.3 |
3.6 |
|
Fatal |
0.9 |
0 |
|
Reoperation |
3.8 |
0.5 |
|
Transfusion of ≥ 5 units |
6.6 |
2.2 |
|
Intracranial hemorrhage |
0 |
0 |
|
TIMI Minor bleeding |
2.8 |
0.9 |
Bleeding Reported as Adverse Reactions
Hemorrhagic events reported as adverse reactions in TRITON-TIMI 38 were, for prasugrel tablets and clopidogrel, respectively: epistaxis (6.2%, 3.3%), gastrointestinal hemorrhage (1.5%, 1.0%), hemoptysis (0.6%, 0.5%), subcutaneous hematoma (0.5%, 0.2%), post-procedural hemorrhage (0.5%, 0.2%), retroperitoneal hemorrhage (0.3%, 0.2%), pericardial effusion/hemorrhage/tamponade (0.3%, 0.2%), and retinal hemorrhage (0.0%, 0.1%).
Malignancies
During TRITON-TIMI 38, newly diagnosed malignancies were reported in 1.6% and 1.2% of patients treated with prasugrel and clopidogrel, respectively. The sites contributing to the differences were primarily colon and lung. In another Phase 3 clinical study of ACS patients not undergoing PCI, in which data for malignancies were prospectively collected, newly diagnosed malignancies were reported in 1.8% and 1.7% of patients treated with prasugrel and clopidogrel, respectively. The site of malignancies was balanced between treatment groups except for colorectal malignancies. The rates of colorectal malignancies were 0.3% prasugrel, 0.1% clopidogrel and most were detected during investigation of GI bleed or anemia. It is unclear if these observations are causally related, are the result of increased detection because of bleeding, or are random occurrences.
Other Adverse Events
In TRITON-TIMI 38, common and other important nonhemorrhagic adverse events were, for prasugrel tablets and clopidogrel, respectively: severe thrombocytopenia (0.06%, 0.04%), anemia (2.2%, 2.0%), abnormal hepatic function (0.22%, 0.27%), allergic reactions (0.36%, 0.36%), and angioedema (0.06%, 0.04%). Table 4 summarizes the adverse events reported by at least 2.5% of patients.
|
||
|
Prasugrel Tablets (%) (N = 6741) |
Clopidogrel (%) (N = 6716) |
|
|
Hypertension |
7.5 |
7.1 |
|
Hypercholesterolemia/Hyperlipidemia |
7.0 |
7.4 |
|
Headache |
5.5 |
5.3 |
|
Back pain |
5.0 |
4.5 |
|
Dyspnea |
4.9 |
4.5 |
|
Nausea |
4.6 |
4.3 |
|
Dizziness |
4.1 |
4.6 |
|
Cough |
3.9 |
4.1 |
|
Hypotension |
3.9 |
3.8 |
|
Fatigue |
3.7 |
4.8 |
|
Noncardiac chest pain |
3.1 |
3.5 |
|
Atrial fibrillation |
2.9 |
3.1 |
|
Bradycardia |
2.9 |
2.4 |
|
Leukopenia (< 4 x 109 WBC*/L) |
2.8 |
3.5 |
|
Rash |
2.8 |
2.4 |
|
Pyrexia |
2.7 |
2.2 |
|
Peripheral edema |
2.7 |
3.0 |
|
Pain in extremity |
2.6 |
2.6 |
|
Diarrhea |
2.3 |
2.6 |
6.2 Postmarketing Experience
The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of prasugrel tablets. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.
Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders: thrombocytopenia, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) and Patient Counseling Information (17)]
Immune System Disorders: hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylaxis [see Contraindications (4.3)]
7 DRUG INTERACTIONS
7.1 Warfarin
Coadministration of prasugrel tablets and warfarin increases the risk of bleeding [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
7.2 Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
Coadministration of prasugrel tablets and NSAIDs (used chronically) may increase the risk of bleeding [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
7.3 Opioids
As with other oral P2Y12 inhibitors, coadministration of opioid agonists delay and reduce the absorption of prasugrel’s active metabolite presumably because of slowed gastric emptying [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. Consider the use of a parenteral anti-platelet agent in acute coronary syndrome patients requiring coadministration of morphine or other opioid agonists.
7.4 Other Concomitant Medications
Prasugrel tablets can be administered with drugs that are inducers or inhibitors of cytochrome P450 enzymes [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
Prasugrel tablets can be administered with aspirin (75 mg to 325 mg per day), heparin, GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors, statins, digoxin, and drugs that elevate gastric pH, including proton pump inhibitors and H2 blockers [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS
8.1 Pregnancy
Risk Summary
There are no data with prasugrel tablets use in pregnant women to inform a drug-associated risk. No structural malformations were observed in animal reproductive and developmental toxicology studies when rats and rabbits were administered prasugrel during organogenesis at doses of up to 30 times the recommended therapeutic exposures in humans [see Data]. Due to the mechanism of action of prasugrel tablets, and the associated identified risk of bleeding, consider the benefits and risks of prasugrel tablets and possible risks to the fetus when prescribing prasugrel tablets to a pregnant woman [see Boxed Warning and Warnings and Precautions (5.1, 5.3)].
The background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. The background risk in the U.S. general population of major birth defects is 2-4% and of miscarriage is 15-20% of clinically recognized pregnancies.
Data
Animal Data
In embryo-fetal developmental toxicology studies, pregnant rats and rabbits received prasugrel at maternally toxic oral doses equivalent to more than 40 times the human exposure. A slight decrease in fetal body weight was observed, but there were no structural malformations in either species. In prenatal and postnatal rat studies, maternal treatment with prasugrel had no effect on the behavioral or reproductive development of the offspring at doses greater than 150 times the human exposure.
8.2 Lactation
Risk Summary
There is no information regarding the presence of prasugrel in human milk, the effects on the breastfed infant, or the effects on milk production. Metabolites of prasugrel were found in rat milk [see Data]. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for prasugrel tablets and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed child from prasugrel tablets or from the underlying maternal condition.
8.4 Pediatric Use
Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.
In a randomized, placebo-controlled trial, the primary objective of reducing the rate of vaso-occlusive crisis (painful crisis or acute chest syndrome) in pediatric patients, aged 2 to less than 18 years, with sickle cell anemia was not met.
8.5 Geriatric Use
In TRITON-TIMI 38, 38.5% of patients were ≥ 65 years of age and 13.2% were ≥ 75 years of age. The risk of bleeding increased with advancing age in both treatment groups, although the relative risk of bleeding (prasugrel tablets compared with clopidogrel) was similar across age groups.
Patients ≥ 75 years of age who received prasugrel tablets 10 mg had an increased risk of fatal bleeding events (1.0%) compared to patients who received clopidogrel (0.1%). In patients ≥ 75 years of age, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage occurred in 7 patients (0.8%) who received prasugrel tablets and in 3 patients (0.3%) who received clopidogrel. Because of the risk of bleeding, and because effectiveness is uncertain in patients ≥ 75 years of age [see Clinical Studies (14)], use of prasugrel tablets is generally not recommended in these patients, except in high-risk situations (diabetes and past history of myocardial infarction) where their effect appears to be greater and their use may be considered [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1), Clinical Pharmacology (12.3), and Clinical Studies (14)].
8.6 Low Body Weight
In TRITON-TIMI 38, 4.6% of patients treated with prasugrel tablets had body weight < 60 kg. Individuals with body weight < 60 kg had an increased risk of bleeding and an increased exposure to the active metabolite of prasugrel [see Dosage and Administration (2), Warnings and Precautions (5.1), and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. Consider lowering the maintenance dose to 5 mg in patients < 60 kg. The effectiveness and safety of the 5 mg dose have not been prospectively studied [see Dosage and Administration (2) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
8.7 Renal Impairment
No dosage adjustment is necessary for patients with renal impairment. There is limited experience in patients with end-stage renal disease, but such patients are generally at higher risk of bleeding [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
8.8 Hepatic Impairment
No dosage adjustment is necessary in patients with mild to moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class A and B). The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of prasugrel in patients with severe hepatic disease have not been studied, but such patients are generally at higher risk of bleeding [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
8.9 Metabolic Status
In healthy subjects, patients with stable atherosclerosis, and patients with ACS receiving prasugrel, there was no relevant effect of genetic variation in CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, or CYP3A5 on the pharmacokinetics of prasugrel’s active metabolite or its inhibition of platelet aggregation.
10 OVERDOSAGE
10.1 Signs and Symptoms
Platelet inhibition by prasugrel is rapid and irreversible, lasting for the life of the platelet, and is unlikely to be increased in the event of an overdose. In rats, lethality was observed after administration of 2000 mg/kg. Symptoms of acute toxicity in dogs included emesis, increased serum alkaline phosphatase, and hepatocellular atrophy. Symptoms of acute toxicity in rats included mydriasis, irregular respiration, decreased locomotor activity, ptosis, staggering gait, and lacrimation.
11 DESCRIPTION
Prasugrel tablets, USP contain prasugrel, a thienopyridine class inhibitor of platelet activation and aggregation mediated by the P2Y12 ADP receptor. Prasugrel tablets are formulated as the hydrochloride salt, a racemate, which is chemically designated as 5-[(1RS)-2-cyclopropyl-1-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-oxoethyl]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridin-2-yl acetate hydrochloride. Prasugrel hydrochloride has the molecular formula C20H20FNO3S•HCl representing a molecular weight of 409.90. The chemical structure of prasugrel hydrochloride is:
Prasugrel hydrochloride, USP is a white to light brown crystalline solid. It is soluble at pH 2, slightly soluble at pH 3 to 4, and practically insoluble at pH 6 to 7.5. It also dissolves freely in methanol and is slightly soluble in 1- and 2-propanol and acetone. It is practically insoluble in diethyl ether and ethyl acetate.
Prasugrel tablets are available for oral administration as 5 mg or 10 mg capsule shaped, film-coated, unscored tablets, debossed on each side. Each yellow 5 mg tablet is manufactured with 5.49 mg prasugrel hydrochloride, equivalent to 5 mg prasugrel and each brown 10 mg tablet with 10.98 mg prasugrel hydrochloride, equivalent to 10 mg of prasugrel.
Other ingredients include crospovidone, glyceryl dibehenate, hypromellose, lactose monohydrate, mannitol, pregelatinized starch (corn), sucrose stearic acid esters, titanium dioxide, triacetin and yellow iron oxide. The 5 mg tablets also contain FD&C Yellow No. 6 Aluminum Lake. The 10 mg tablets also contain black iron oxide and red iron oxide.
Meets USP Dissolution Test 2.
12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
12.1 Mechanism of Action
Prasugrel is an inhibitor of platelet activation and aggregation through the irreversible binding of its active metabolite to the P2Y12 class of ADP receptors on platelets.
12.2 Pharmacodynamics
Prasugrel produces inhibition of platelet aggregation to 20 μM or 5 μM ADP, as measured by light transmission aggregometry. Following a 60 mg loading dose of prasugrel tablets, approximately 90% of patients had at least 50% inhibition of platelet aggregation by 1 hour. Maximum platelet inhibition was about 80% (see Figure 2). Mean steady-state inhibition of platelet aggregation was about 70% following 3 to 5 days of dosing at 10 mg daily after a 60 mg loading dose of prasugrel tablets.
Figure 2: Inhibition (Mean ± SD) of 20 μM ADP-induced Platelet Aggregation (IPA) Measured by Light Transmission Aggregometry after Prasugrel 60 mg
Platelet aggregation gradually returns to baseline values over 5-9 days after discontinuation of prasugrel, this time course being a reflection of new platelet production rather than pharmacokinetics of prasugrel. Discontinuing clopidogrel 75 mg and initiating a prasugrel 10 mg maintenance dose with or without a prasugrel 60 mg loading dose results in a decrease of 14 percentage points in maximum platelet aggregation (MPA) by Day 7. This decrease in MPA is not greater than that typically produced by a 10 mg maintenance dose of prasugrel alone. The relationship between inhibition of platelet aggregation and clinical activity has not been established.
5 mg in Low Body Weight Patients
In patients with stable coronary artery disease, mean platelet inhibition in subjects < 60 kg taking 5 mg prasugrel was similar to that of subjects ≥ 60 kg taking 10 mg prasugrel. The relationship between inhibition of platelet aggregation and clinical activity has not been established.
12.3 Pharmacokinetics
Prasugrel is a prodrug and is rapidly metabolized to a pharmacologically active metabolite and inactive metabolites. The active metabolite has an elimination half-life of about 7 hours (range 2-15 hours). Healthy subjects, patients with stable atherosclerosis, and patients undergoing PCI show similar pharmacokinetics.
Absorption and Binding
Following oral administration, ≥ 79% of the dose is absorbed. The absorption and metabolism are rapid, with peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) of the active metabolite occurring approximately 30 minutes after dosing. The active metabolite’s exposure (AUC) increases slightly more than proportionally over the dose range of 5 to 60 mg. Repeated daily doses of 10 mg do not lead to accumulation of the active metabolite. In a study of healthy subjects given a single 15 mg dose, the AUC of the active metabolite was unaffected by a high-fat, high-calorie meal, but Cmax was decreased by 49% and Tmax was increased from 0.5 to 1.5 hours. Prasugrel tablets can be administered without regard to food. The active metabolite is bound about 98% to human serum albumin.
Metabolism and Elimination
Prasugrel is not detected in plasma following oral administration. It is rapidly hydrolyzed in the intestine to a thiolactone, which is then converted to the active metabolite by a single step, primarily by CYP3A4 and CYP2B6 and to a lesser extent by CYP2C9 and CYP2C19. The estimates of apparent volume of distribution of prasugrel’s active metabolite ranged from 44 to 68 L and the estimates of apparent clearance ranged from 112 to 166 L/hr in healthy subjects and patients with stable atherosclerosis. The active metabolite is metabolized to two inactive compounds by S-methylation or conjugation with cysteine. The major inactive metabolites are highly bound to human plasma proteins. Approximately 68% of the prasugrel dose is excreted in the urine and 27% in the feces as inactive metabolites.
Specific Populations
Geriatric Patients
In a study of 32 healthy subjects between the ages of 20 and 80 years, age had no significant effect on pharmacokinetics of prasugrel’s active metabolite or its inhibition of platelet aggregation. In TRITON-TIMI 38, the mean exposure (AUC) of the active metabolite was 19% higher in patients ≥ 75 years of age than in patients < 75 years of age. In a study in subjects with stable atherosclerosis, the mean exposure (AUC) to the active metabolite of prasugrel in subjects ≥ 75 years old taking a 5 mg maintenance dose was approximately half that seen in subjects 45 to 64 years old taking a 10 mg maintenance dose [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) and Use in Specific Populations (8.5)].
Body Weight
The mean exposure (AUC) to the active metabolite is approximately 30 to 40% higher in subjects with a body weight of < 60 kg than in those weighing ≥ 60 kg. In a study in subjects with stable atherosclerosis, the AUC of the active metabolite on average was 38% lower in subjects < 60 kg taking 5 mg (N = 34) than in subjects ≥ 60 kg taking 10 mg (N = 38) [see Dosage and Administration (2), Warnings and Precautions (5.1), Adverse Reactions (6.1), and Use in Specific Populations (8.6)].
Male and Female Patients
Pharmacokinetics of prasugrel’s active metabolite is similar in men and women.
Racial or Ethnic Groups
Exposure in subjects of African and Hispanic descent is similar to that in Caucasians. In clinical pharmacology studies, after adjusting for body weight, the AUC of the active metabolite was approximately 19% higher in Chinese, Japanese, and Korean subjects than in Caucasian subjects.
Patients with Renal Impairment
Pharmacokinetics of prasugrel’s active metabolite and its inhibition of platelet aggregation is similar in patients with moderate renal impairment (CrCL = 30 to 50 mL/min) and healthy subjects. In patients with end-stage renal disease, exposure to the active metabolite (both Cmax and AUC (0-tlast)) was about half that in healthy controls and patients with moderate renal impairment [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) and Use in Specific Populations (8.7)].
Patients with Hepatic Impairment
Pharmacokinetics of prasugrel’s active metabolite and inhibition of platelet aggregation was similar in patients with mild to moderate hepatic impairment compared to healthy subjects. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of prasugrel’s active metabolite in patients with severe hepatic disease have not been studied [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) and Use in Specific Populations (8.8)].
Drug Interaction Studies
Potential for Other Drugs to Affect Prasugrel
Inhibitors of CYP3A
Ketoconazole (400 mg daily), a selective and potent inhibitor of CYP3A4 and CYP3A5, did not affect prasugrel-mediated inhibition of platelet aggregation or the active metabolite’s AUC and Tmax, but decreased the Cmax by 34% to 46%. Therefore, CYP3A inhibitors such as verapamil, diltiazem, indinavir, ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, and grapefruit juice are not expected to have a significant effect on the pharmacokinetics of the active metabolite of prasugrel [see Drug Interactions (7.4)].
Inducers of Cytochromes P450
Rifampicin (600 mg daily), a potent inducer of CYP3A and CYP2B6 and an inducer of CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP2C8, did not significantly change the pharmacokinetics of prasugrel’s active metabolite or its inhibition of platelet aggregation. Therefore, known CYP3A inducers such as rifampicin, carbamazepine, and other inducers of cytochromes P450 are not expected to have significant effect on the pharmacokinetics of the active metabolite of prasugrel [see Drug Interactions (7.4)].
Drugs that Elevate Gastric pH
Daily coadministration of ranitidine (an H2 blocker) or lansoprazole (a proton pump inhibitor) decreased the Cmax of the prasugrel active metabolite by 14% and 29%, respectively, but did not change the active metabolite’s AUC and Tmax. In TRITON-TIMI 38, prasugrel tablets were administered without regard to coadministration of a proton pump inhibitor or H2 blocker [see Drug Interactions (7.4)].
Statins
Atorvastatin (80 mg daily), a drug metabolized by CYP450 3A4, did not alter the pharmacokinetics of prasugrel’s active metabolite or its inhibition of platelet aggregation [see Drug Interactions (7.4)].
Heparin
A single intravenous dose of unfractionated heparin (100 units/kg) did not significantly alter coagulation or the prasugrel-mediated inhibition of platelet aggregation; however, bleeding time was increased compared with either drug alone [see Drug Interactions (7.4)].
Aspirin
Aspirin 150 mg daily did not alter prasugrel-mediated inhibition of platelet aggregation; however, bleeding time was increased compared with either drug alone [see Drug Interactions (7.4)].
Warfarin
A significant prolongation of the bleeding time was observed when prasugrel was coadministered with 15 mg of warfarin [see Drug Interactions (7.1)].
Potential for Prasugrel to Affect Other Drugs
In vitro metabolism studies demonstrate that prasugrel’s main circulating metabolites are not likely to cause clinically significant inhibition of CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, or CYP3A, or induction of CYP1A2 or CYP3A.
Drugs Metabolized by CYP2B6
Prasugrel is a weak inhibitor of CYP2B6. In healthy subjects, prasugrel decreased exposure to hydroxybupropion, a CYP2B6-mediated metabolite of bupropion, by 23%, an amount not considered clinically significant. Prasugrel is not anticipated to have significant effect on the pharmacokinetics of drugs that are primarily metabolized by CYP2B6, such as halothane, cyclophosphamide, propofol, and nevirapine.
Effect on Digoxin
The potential role of prasugrel as a Pgp substrate was not evaluated. Prasugrel is not an inhibitor of Pgp, as digoxin clearance was not affected by prasugrel coadministration [see Drug Interactions (7.4)].
Morphine
Coadministration of 5 mg intravenous morphine with 60 mg loading dose of prasugrel in healthy adults decreased the Cmax of prasugrel’s active metabolite by 31% with no change in AUC, Tmax, or inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation. ADP-induced platelet aggregation was higher up to 2 hours following 60 mg loading dose of prasugrel in stable patients more than 1 year after an ACS who were coadministered morphine. In the patients with a 2-hour delay in the onset of platelet aggregation (5 of 11), Tmax was delayed and prasugrel active metabolite levels were significantly lower at 30 min (5 vs 120 ng/mL) following coadministration with morphine.
13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY
13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility
Carcinogenesis
No compound-related tumors were observed in a 2-year rat study with prasugrel at oral doses up to 100 mg/kg/day (> 100 times the recommended therapeutic exposures in humans [based on plasma exposures to the major circulating human metabolite]). There was an increased incidence of tumors (hepatocellular adenomas) in mice exposed for 2 years to high doses (> 250 times the human metabolite exposure).
14 CLINICAL STUDIES
The clinical evidence for the effectiveness of prasugrel tablets is derived from the TRITON-TIMI 38 (TRial to Assess Improvement in Therapeutic Outcomes by Optimizing Platelet InhibitioN with Prasugrel) study, a 13,608 patient, multicenter, international, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study comparing prasugrel tablets to a regimen of clopidogrel, each added to aspirin and other standard therapy, in patients with ACS (UA, NSTEMI, or STEMI) who were to be managed with PCI. Randomization was stratified for UA/NSTEMI and STEMI.
Patients with UA/NSTEMI presenting within 72 hours of symptom onset were to be randomized after undergoing coronary angiography. Patients with STEMI presenting within 12 hours of symptom onset could be randomized prior to coronary angiography. Patients with STEMI presenting between 12 hours and 14 days of symptom onset were to be randomized after undergoing coronary angiography. Patients underwent PCI, and for both UA/NSTEMI and STEMI patients, the loading dose was to be administered anytime between randomization and 1 hour after the patient left the catheterization lab. If patients with STEMI were treated with thrombolytic therapy, randomization could not occur until at least 24 hours (for tenecteplase, reteplase, or alteplase) or 48 hours (for streptokinase) after the thrombolytic was given.
Patients were randomized to receive prasugrel tablets (60 mg loading dose followed by 10 mg once daily) or clopidogrel (300 mg loading dose followed by 75 mg once daily), with administration and follow-up for a minimum of 6 months (actual median 14.5 months). Patients also received aspirin (75 mg to 325 mg once daily). Other therapies, such as heparin and intravenous glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GPIIb/IIIa) inhibitors, were administered at the discretion of the treating physician. Oral anticoagulants, other platelet inhibitors, and chronic NSAIDs were not allowed.
The primary outcome measure was the composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal MI, or nonfatal stroke in the UA/NSTEMI population. Success in this group allowed analysis of the same endpoint in the overall ACS and STEMI populations. Nonfatal MIs included both MIs detected solely through analysis of creatine kinase muscle-brain (CK-MB) changes and clinically apparent (investigator-reported) MIs.
The patient population was 92% Caucasian, 26% female, and 39% ≥ 65 years of age. The median time from symptom onset to study drug administration was 7 hours for patients with STEMI and 30 hours for patients with UA/NSTEMI. Approximately 99% of patients underwent PCI. The study drug was administered after the first coronary guidewire was placed in approximately 75% of patients.
Prasugrel tablets significantly reduced total endpoint events compared to clopidogrel (see Figure 3 and Table 5). The reduction of total endpoint events was driven primarily by a decrease in nonfatal MIs, both those occurring early (through 3 days) and later (after 3 days). Approximately 40% of MIs occurred peri-procedurally and were detected solely by changes in CK-MB. Administration of the clopidogrel loading dose in TRITON-TIMI 38 was delayed relative to the placebo-controlled trials that supported its approval for ACS. Prasugrel tablets produced higher rates of clinically significant bleeding than clopidogrel in TRITON-TIMI 38 [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. Choice of therapy requires balancing these differences in outcome.
The treatment effect of prasugrel tablets was apparent within the first few days, and persisted to the end of the study (see Figure 3). The inset shows results over the first 7 days.
The Kaplan-Meier curves (see Figure 3) show the primary composite endpoint of CV death, nonfatal MI, or nonfatal stroke over time in the UA/NSTEMI and STEMI populations. In both populations, the curves separate within the first few hours. In the UA/NSTEMI population, the curves continue to diverge throughout the 15-month follow-up period. In the STEMI population, the early separation was maintained throughout the 15-month follow-up period, but there was no progressive divergence after the first few weeks.
Prasugrel tablets reduced the occurrence of the primary composite endpoint compared to clopidogrel in both the UA/NSTEMI and STEMI populations (see Table 5). In patients who survived an on-study myocardial infarction, the incidence of subsequent events was also lower in the prasugrel tablets group.
|
||||
|
Patients with Events |
From Kaplan-Meier Analysis |
|||
|
Prasugrel Tablets (%) |
Clopidogrel (%) |
Relative Risk Reduction (%)* (95% CI) |
p-value |
|
|
UA/NSTEMI |
N = 5044 |
N = 5030 | ||
|
CV death, nonfatal MI, or nonfatal stroke |
9.3 |
11.2 |
18.0 (7.3, 27.4) |
0.002 |
|
CV death |
1.8 |
1.8 |
2.1 (-30.9, 26.8) |
0.885 |
|
Nonfatal MI |
7.1 |
9.2 |
23.9 (12.7, 33.7) |
< 0.001 |
|
Nonfatal Stroke |
0.8 |
0.8 |
2.1 (-51.3, 36.7) |
0.922 |
|
STEMI |
N = 1769 |
N = 1765 | ||
|
CV death, nonfatal MI, or nonfatal stroke |
9.8 |
12.2 |
20.7 (3.2, 35.1) |
0.019 |
|
CV death |
2.4 |
3.3 |
26.2 (-9.4, 50.3) |
0.129 |
|
Nonfatal MI |
6.7 |
8.8 |
25.4 (5.2, 41.2) |
0.016 |
|
Nonfatal Stroke |
1.2 |
1.1 |
-9.7 (-104.0, 41.0) |
0.77 |
The effect of prasugrel tablets in various subgroups is shown in Figures 4 and 5. Results are generally consistent across pre-specified subgroups, with the exception of patients with a history of TIA or stroke [see Contraindications (4.2)]. The treatment effect was driven primarily by a reduction in nonfatal MI. The effect in patients ≥ 75 years of age was also somewhat smaller, and bleeding risk is higher in these individuals [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. See below for analyses of patients ≥ 75 years of age with risk factors.
Figure 4: Subgroup Analyses for Time to First Event of CV Death, MI, or Stroke (HR and 95% CI; TRITON-TIMI 38) – UA/NSTEMI Patients
Figure 5: Subgroup Analyses for Time to First Event of CV Death, MI, or Stroke (HR and 95% CI; TRITON-TIMI 38) – STEMI Patients
Prasugrel tablets are generally not recommended in patients ≥ 75 years of age, except in high-risk situations (diabetes mellitus or prior MI) where their effect appears to be greater and their use may be considered. These recommendations are based on subgroup analyses (see Table 6) and must be interpreted with caution, but the data suggest that prasugrel tablets reduce ischemic events in such patients.
|
Prasugrel Tablets |
Clopidogrel | ||||
|
N |
% with Events |
N |
% with Events |
Hazard Ratio (95% CI) |
|
|
Age ≥ 75 | |||||
|
Diabetes - yes |
249 |
14.9 |
234 |
21.8 |
0.64 (0.42, 0.97) |
|
Diabetes - no |
652 |
16.4 |
674 |
15.3 |
1.1 (0.83, 1.43) |
|
Age < 75 | |||||
|
Diabetes - yes |
1327 |
10.8 |
1336 |
14.8 |
0.72 (0.58, 0.89) |
|
Diabetes - no |
4585 |
7.8 |
4551 |
9.5 |
0.82 (0.71, 0.94) |
|
Age ≥ 75 | |||||
|
Prior MI - yes |
220 |
17.3 |
212 |
22.6 |
0.72 (0.47, 1.09) |
|
Prior MI - no |
681 |
15.6 |
696 |
15.2 |
1.05 (0.80, 1.37) |
|
Age < 75 | |||||
|
Prior MI - yes |
1006 |
12.2 |
996 |
15.4 |
0.78 (0.62, 0.99) |
|
Prior MI - no |
4906 |
7.7 |
4891 |
9.7 |
0.78 (0.68, 0.90) |
There were 50% fewer stent thromboses (95% C.I. 32% - 64%; p < 0.001) reported among patients randomized to prasugrel tablets (0.9%) than among patients randomized to clopidogrel (1.8%). The difference manifested early and was maintained through one year of follow-up. Findings were similar with bare metal and drug-eluting stents.
In TRITON-TIMI 38, prasugrel reduced ischemic events (mainly nonfatal MIs) and increased bleeding events [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)] relative to clopidogrel. The findings are consistent with the intended greater inhibition of platelet aggregation by prasugrel at the doses used in the study [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.2)]. There is, however, an alternative explanation: both prasugrel and clopidogrel are prodrugs that must be metabolized to their active moieties. Whereas the pharmacokinetics of prasugrel’s active metabolite is not known to be affected by genetic variations in CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, or CYP3A5, the pharmacokinetics of clopidogrel’s active metabolite is affected by CYP2C19 genotype, and approximately 30% of Caucasians are reduced metabolizers. Moreover, certain proton pump inhibitors, widely used in the ACS patient population and used in TRITON-TIMI 38, inhibit CYP2C19, thereby decreasing formation of clopidogrel’s active metabolite. Thus, reduced-metabolizer status and use of proton pump inhibitors may diminish clopidogrel’s activity in a fraction of the population, and may have contributed to prasugrel’s greater treatment effect and greater bleeding rate in TRITON-TIMI 38. The extent to which these factors were operational, however, is unknown.
16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING
16.1 How Supplied
Prasugrel Tablets, USP are available containing prasugrel hydrochloride, USP equivalent to 5 mg or 10 mg prasugrel, respectively.
The 5 mg tablets are yellow, film-coated, capsule shaped, unscored tablets debossed with M on one side of the tablet and PH1 on the other side. They are available as follows:
NDC 0378-5185-93
bottles of 30 tablets
The 10 mg tablets are brown, film-coated, capsule shaped, unscored tablets debossed with M on one side of the tablet and PH2 on the other side. They are available as follows:
NDC 0378-5186-93
bottles of 30 tablets
16.2 Storage and Handling
Store at 20º to 25ºC (68º to 77ºF). [See USP Controlled Room Temperature.]
Protect from moisture.
Keep and dispense only in original container. Keep container closed and do not remove desiccant from bottle. Do not break the tablet.
PHARMACIST: Dispense a Medication Guide with each prescription.
17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION
Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (Medication Guide).
Administration:
- •
- Advise patients not to break prasugrel tablets.
- •
- Remind patients not to discontinue prasugrel tablets without first discussing it with the physician who prescribed prasugrel tablets [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].
- •
- Inform patients to keep prasugrel tablets in the container in which they come, and keep the container closed tightly with the desiccant inside.
Bleeding: Inform patients that they:
- •
- will bruise and bleed more easily.
- •
- will take longer than usual to stop bleeding.
- •
- should report any unanticipated, prolonged, or excessive bleeding, or blood in their stool or urine [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura:
- •
- Inform patients that TTP is a rare but serious condition that has been reported with prasugrel tablets.
- •
- Instruct patients to get prompt medical attention if they experience symptoms of TTP that cannot otherwise be explained [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)].
Hypersensitivity:
Inform patients that they may have hypersensitivity reactions and to seek immediate medical attention if any signs and symptoms of a hypersensitivity reaction occur. Patients who have had hypersensitivity reactions to other thienopyridines may have hypersensitivity reactions to prasugrel tablets.
Invasive Procedures: Instruct patients to:
- •
- inform physicians and dentists that they are taking prasugrel tablets before any invasive procedure is scheduled [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
- •
- tell the doctor performing the invasive procedure to talk to the prescribing healthcare professional before stopping prasugrel tablets.
Concomitant Medications: Ask patients to list all prescription medications, over-the-counter medications, or dietary supplements they are taking or plan to take so the physician knows about other treatments that may affect bleeding risk (e.g., warfarin and NSAIDs) [see Drug Interactions (7.1, 7.2)].
Medication Guide
|
Prasugrel Tablets, USP (pra′ soo grel) |
|
What is the most important information I should know about prasugrel tablets? Prasugrel tablets are used to lower your chance of having a heart attack or other serious problems with your heart or blood vessels. But, prasugrel tablets can cause bleeding, which can be serious, and sometimes lead to death. You should not start to take prasugrel tablets if it is likely that you will have heart bypass surgery (coronary artery bypass graft surgery or CABG) right away. You have a higher risk of bleeding if you take prasugrel tablets and then have heart bypass surgery. |
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What are prasugrel tablets? Prasugrel tablets are a prescription medicine used to treat people who:
Prasugrel tablets are used to lower your chance of having another serious problem with your heart or blood vessels, such as another heart attack, a stroke, blood clots in your stent, or death. Platelets are blood cells that help with normal blood clotting. Prasugrel tablets help prevent platelets from sticking together and forming a clot that can block an artery or a stent. It is not known if prasugrel tablets are safe and work in children. |
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Who should not take prasugrel tablets?
Your risk of bleeding while taking prasugrel tablets may be higher if you also:
Tell your doctor if you take any of these medicines. Ask your doctor if you are not sure if your medicine is one listed above.
|
|
What should I tell my doctor before taking prasugrel tablets? Before you take prasugrel tablets, tell your doctor about all of your medical conditions, including if you:
Tell all of your doctors and dentists that you are taking prasugrel tablets. They should talk to the doctor who prescribed prasugrel tablets for you, before you have any surgery or invasive procedure.
Tell your doctor about all the medicines you take, including prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements. Certain medicines may increase your risk of bleeding. See “What is the most important information I should know about prasugrel tablets?” Know the medicines you take. Keep a list of them and show it to your doctor and pharmacist when you get a new medicine. |
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How should I take prasugrel tablets?
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What are the possible side effects of prasugrel tablets? Prasugrel tablets can cause serious side effects, including:
Tell your doctor if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away. These are not all of the possible side effects of prasugrel tablets. For more information, ask your doctor or pharmacist. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. |
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How should I store prasugrel tablets?
Keep prasugrel tablets and all medicines out of the reach of children. |
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General information about the safe and effective use of prasugrel tablets Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in a Medication Guide. Do not use prasugrel tablets for a condition for which they were not prescribed. Do not give your prasugrel tablets to other people, even if they have the same symptoms you have. They may harm them. This Medication Guide summarizes the most important information about prasugrel tablets. If you would like more information about prasugrel tablets, talk with your doctor or pharmacist. |
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What are the ingredients in prasugrel tablets? Active ingredient: prasugrel Inactive ingredients: crospovidone, glyceryl dibehenate, hypromellose, lactose monohydrate, mannitol, pregelatinized starch (corn), sucrose stearic acid esters, titanium dioxide, triacetin and yellow iron oxide. The 5 mg tablets also contain FD&C Yellow No. 6 Aluminum Lake. The 10 mg tablets also contain black iron oxide and red iron oxide.
The brands listed are trademarks of their respective owners.
Manufactured by: Mylan Laboratories Limited, Hyderabad – 500 096, India Manufactured for: Mylan Pharmaceuticals Inc., Morgantown, WV 26505 U.S.A. For more information, call Mylan at 1-877-446-3679 (1-877-4-INFO-RX). |
This Medication Guide has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
Manufactured for:
Mylan Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Morgantown, WV 26505 U.S.A.
Manufactured by:
Mylan Laboratories Limited
Hyderabad – 500 096, India
75092104
Revised: 6/2022
MXA:PRAS:R8
PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL – 5 mg
NDC 0378-5185-93
Prasugrel
Tablets, USP
5 mg
Keep and dispense only in original
container. Keep container closed and
do not remove desiccant from bottle.
PHARMACIST: Dispense the accompanying
Medication Guide to each patient.
Rx only 30 Tablets
Each film-coated tablet contains
prasugrel hydrochloride, USP
equivalent to 5 mg prasugrel.
Usual Dosage: See accompanying
prescribing information.
Keep this and all medication out of
the reach of children.
Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F). [See
USP Controlled Room Temperature.]
Protect from moisture.
Manufactured for:
Mylan Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Morgantown, WV 26505 U.S.A.
Made in India
Mylan.com
RMXA5185H6
Do not use if inner seal is missing
or broken.
Code No.: MH/DRUGS/AD/089
PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL – 10 mg
NDC 0378-5186-93
Prasugrel
Tablets, USP
10 mg
Keep and dispense only in original
container. Keep container closed and
do not remove desiccant from bottle.
PHARMACIST: Dispense the accompanying
Medication Guide to each patient.
Rx only 30 Tablets
Each film-coated tablet contains
prasugrel hydrochloride, USP
equivalent to 10 mg prasugrel.
Usual Dosage: See accompanying
prescribing information.
Keep this and all medication out of
the reach of children.
Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F). [See
USP Controlled Room Temperature.]
Protect from moisture.
Manufactured for:
Mylan Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Morgantown, WV 26505 U.S.A.
Made in India
Mylan.com
RMXA5186H6
Do not use if inner seal is missing
or broken.
Code No.: MH/DRUGS/AD/089
INGREDIENTS AND APPEARANCE
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prasugrel tablet, film coated |
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prasugrel tablet, film coated |
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| Labeler - Mylan Pharmaceuticals Inc. (059295980) |