Pyridostigmine bromide is an orally active cholinesterase inhibitor. Chemically, Pyridostigmine bromide is 3-hydroxy-1-methylpyridinium bromide dimethylcarbamate. Its structural formula is:

Pyridostigmine bromide is available in the following form: Extended-release tablets containing 180 mg Pyridostigmine bromide, each tablet also contains colloidal silicon dioxide, carnauba wax, tribasic calcium phosphate, zein (corn protein) and magnesium stearate.



ACTIONS

Pyridostigmine bromide inhibits the destruction of acetylcholine by cholinesterase and thereby permits freer transmission of nerve impulses across the neuromuscular junction. Pyridostigmine is an analog of neostigmine (Prostigmin®), but differs from it in certain clinically significant respects, for example, Pyridostigmine is characterized by a longer duration of action and fewer gastrointestinal side effects.



INDICATION

Pyridostigmine bromide is useful in the treatment of myasthenia gravis.

Pyridostigmine bromide is contraindicated in mechanical intestinal or urinary obstruction, and particular caution should be used in its administration to patients with bronchial asthma. Care should be observed in the use of atropine for counteracting side effects, as discussed below.

Although failure of patients to show clinical improvement may reflect underdosage, it can also be indicative of overdosage. As is true of all cholinergic drugs, overdosage of Pyridostigmine bromide may result in cholinergic crisis, a state characterized by increasing muscle weakness which, through involvement of the muscles of respiration, may lead to death. Myasthenic crisis due to an increase in the severity of the disease is also accompanied by extreme muscle weakness, and thus may be difficult to distinguish from cholinergic crisis on a symptomatic basis. Such differentiation is extremely important, since increases in doses of Pyridostigmine bromide or other drugs of this class in the presence of cholinergic crisis or of a refractory or "insensitive" state could have grave consequences. Osserman and Genkins1 indicate that the differential diagnosis of the two types of crisis may require the use of Tensilon® (edrophonium chloride) as well as clinical judgment. The treatment of the two conditions obviously differs radically. Whereas the presence of myasthenic crisis suggests the need for more intensive anticholinesterase therapy, the diagnosis of cholinergic crisis, according to Osserman and Genkins1 calls for the prompt withdrawal of all drugs of this type. The immediate use of atropine in cholinergic crisis is also recommended.



Atropine may also be used to abolish or obtund gastrointestinal side effects or other muscarinic reactions; but such use, by masking signs of overdosage, can lead to inadvertent induction of cholinergic crisis.

 

For detailed information on the management of patients with myasthenia gravis, the physician is referred to one of the excellent reviews such as those by Osserman and Genkins2, Grob3 or Schwab.4, 5

 

Usage in pregnancy: The safety of Pyridostigmine bromide during pregnancy or lactation in humans has not been established. Therefore, use of Pyridostigmine bromide in women who may become pregnant requires weighing the drug's potential benefits against its possible hazards to mother and child.

Pyridostigmine is mainly excreted unchanged by the kidney. 6, 7, 8 Therefore, lower doses may be required in patients with renal disease, and treatment should be based on titration of drug dosage to effect.6, 7



Pediatric Use

Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.

The side effects of Pyridostigmine bromide are most commonly related to overdosage and generally are of two varieties, muscarinic and nicotinic. Among those in the former group are nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, increased peristalsis, increased salivation, increased bronchial secretions, miosis and diaphoresis. Nicotinic side effects are comprised chiefly of muscle cramps, fasciculation and weakness. Muscarinic side effects can usually be counteracted by atropine, but for reasons shown in the preceding section the expedient is not without danger. As with any compound containing the bromide radical, a skin rash may be seen in an occasional patient. Such reactions usually subside promptly upon discontinuance of the medication.



To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Rising Pharmaceuticals, Inc. at 1-866-562-4597 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.FDA.gov/medwatch.

Pyridostigmine bromide is available in one dosage form.

Extended-release Tablets - each containing 180 mg Pyridostigmine bromide. This form provides uniformly slow release, hence prolonged duration of drug action; it facilitates control of myasthenic symptoms with fewer individual doses daily. The immediate effect of a 180 mg Extended-release Tablet is about equal to that of a 60 mg Conventional Tablet, however, its duration of effectiveness, although varying in individual patients, averages 2 ½ times that of a 60 mg dose.



Dosage

The size and frequency of the dosage must be adjusted to the needs of the individual patient.



Extended-release Tablets - One to three 180 mg tablets, once or twice daily, will usually be sufficient to control symptoms; however, the needs of certain individuals may vary markedly from this average. The interval between doses should be at least 6 hours. For optimum control, it may be necessary to use the more rapidly acting regular tablets or syrup in conjunction with extended-release therapy.

Note: For information on a diagnostic test for myasthenia gravis, and for the evaluation and stabilization of therapy, please see product literature on Tensilon® (edrophonium chloride).

Extended-release Tablets are available as light straw colored capsule-shaped tablets containing 180 mg Pyridostigmine bromide in bottles of 30 (NDC 64980-220-03). Each tablet is engraved "NM 180" on one side and is single-scored on the other.



Note: Because of the hygroscopic nature of the Extended-release Tablets, mottling may occur. This does not affect their efficacy.



Store Pyridostigmine Bromide Extended-Release Tablets, 180 mg at 25°C (77°F), excursions permitted to 15°C-30°C (59°F-86°F). Keep Pyridostigmine Bromide Extended-Release Tablets, 180 mg in a dry place with the silica gel enclosed.

1. Osserman KE, Genkins G. Studies in myasthenia gravis: Reduction in mortality rate after crisis. JAMA. Jan 1963; 183:97-101.
2. Osserman KE, Genkins G. Studies in myasthenia gravis. NY State J Med. June 1961 ;61 :2076-2085.
3. Grob D. Myasthenia gravis. A review of pathogenesis and treatment. Arch Intern Med.Oct 1961; 108:615-638.
4. Schwab RS. Management of myasthenia gravis. New Eng J Med. Mar 1963; 268:596-597.
5. Schwab RS. Management of myasthenia gravis. New Eng J Med. Mar 1963; 268:717-719.
6. Cronnelly R, Stanski DR, Miller RD, Sheiner LB.Pyridostigmine kinetics with and without renal function. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1980; 28:No. 1,78-81.
7. Miller RD. Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of anticholinesterase. ln:Ruegheimer E, Zindler M, ed. Anaesthesiology. (Hamburg, Germany: Congress; Sep 14-21, 1980; 222-223.) (Int Con gr. No. 538), Amsterdam, Netherlands: Excerpta Medica; 1981.
8. Breyer-Pfaff U, Maier U, Brinkmann AM.Schumm F. Pyridostigmine kinetics in healthy subjects and patients with myasthenia gravis. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1985;5:495-501.

Manufactured by:

Centaur Pharmaceuticals Private Limited,

Plot No. 4, International Biotech Park,

Phase II, Hinjewadi, Pune-411 057,

INDIA



Distributed By:

Rising Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Saddle Brook, NJ 07663



Rev. 10/2018

Rising®             NDC 64980-220·03

Pyridostigmine

Bromide

Extended-Release

Tablets

180 mg

CAUTION: EXTREMELY

MOISTURE SENSITIVE.

DO NOT REMOVE

DESSlCANT.

CLOSE TIGHTLY

30 Tablets             Rx only