Drug & supplement interaction

American Pawpaw + Gemcitabine

Gemcitabine brand name: Gemzar.

Minor Interaction
Medically reviewed by · Updated February 2024
The bottom line Minor

American Pawpaw has a minor interaction with Gemcitabine. American pawpaw (Asimina triloba) contains Annonacin, a natural compound that has been investigated for its potential anticancer effects.

Read the full interaction report
SeverityMinor
LikelihoodUnlikely
EvidenceC
What do Severity, Likelihood & Evidence mean?
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Interaction report

American Pawpaw and Gemcitabine

Here is the interaction we found between these two, with the evidence behind it.

Minor

Antineoplastics

Why this applies to Gemcitabine

Gemcitabine falls under Antineoplastics — the group American Pawpaw interacts with.

American pawpaw (Asimina triloba) contains Annonacin, a natural compound that has been investigated for its potential anticancer effects. Laboratory studies suggest that Annonacin may inhibit or prevent the growth and spread of tumors or malignant cells by disrupting mitochondrial function, leading to cell death (source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6672878/; https://www.nature.com/articles/s41419-018-0772-x). It is currently unknown how American pawpaw may interact, if at all, with prescription antineoplastic drugs. However, since both Annonacin and antineoplastic drugs can affect cell processes and metabolism, there is a theoretical risk of interactions that could affect treatment efficacy or increase the risk of side effects. Therefore, caution should be exercised when combining pawpaw with prescription antineoplastic drugs, and consulting with a healthcare professional is recommended before making changes to your medication regimen.
Severity Minor Likelihood Unlikely Evidence C

Interaction has been demonstrated in animal or in lab research but has been shown not to occur in humans..

Dr. Brian Staiger, PharmD, BCPS
Dr. Brian Staiger explains PharmD, Clinical Pharmacist

Here's the honest picture: we don't have solid human data showing how American pawpaw and gemcitabine (Gemzar) behave together. The concern is theoretical. Pawpaw's acetogenins (like annonacin) appear to stress cells by disrupting their mitochondria in lab dishes, and gemcitabine is a powerful chemotherapy that also attacks cells. Stacking two things that hit cell machinery could, in theory, change how well your chemo works or add to its side effects, such as low blood counts, fatigue, nausea, or fever from infection.

Because gemcitabine is a serious cancer treatment, I'd play it safe and not add pawpaw supplements during your treatment without clearing it first. Please talk with your oncologist or pharmacist before starting anything new, since they're managing your whole plan.

Contact Dr. Brian directly if you have additional questions on this interaction

What These Ratings Mean

Every interaction above is graded three ways — here’s the key to each label.

Severity how clinically significant the interaction is
Major

Clinically significant. Avoid the combination, or use only under close professional supervision.

Moderate

Usually worth avoiding or managing — may need monitoring, a dose change, or timing apart.

Minor

Generally not serious. Be aware of it and mention it to your pharmacist.

Likelihood how strong the evidence is that the interaction actually happens in people
  • LikelyWell-controlled human studies have demonstrated the likely existence of this interaction.
  • ProbableInteraction has not been documented in well-controlled studies, however, the interaction has been demonstrated in some small human studies or in controlled animal studies in conjunction with multiple case reports.
  • PossibleInteraction has been documented in animal or in lab research, or the interaction has been documented in humans but is limited to case reports or conflicting clinical research exists.
  • UnlikelyInteraction has been demonstrated in animal or in lab research but has been shown not to occur in humans.
Evidence the quality of the studies behind the rating (graded A–D)
  • AHigh-quality meta-analysis (quantitative systematic review).
  • BCase-control study.
  • CConsensus.
  • DAnecdotal evidence.

These ratings are for information only. Never start, stop, or otherwise change your therapy before speaking with your provider.

Keep it in perspective

American Pawpaw Also Interacts With Other Medications

American Pawpaw has 24 minor known drug interactions in our database — the Gemcitabine one above is one of them. If you take anything else, check it against the full list below.

Minor 24 No known interaction 2,806 (incl. Gemcitabine)
Taking anything else?

Check Another of Your Medications Against American Pawpaw

Covers the 2,830 medications we’ve checked against American Pawpaw. Pick one to open its full report.

Everything else you take

See Every Supplement That Interacts With Gemcitabine

This page covers American Pawpaw only. If you take other supplements — a multivitamin, a sleep aid, something for joints — the Gemcitabine page lists 39 supplements it has a documented interaction with, worst first, each one explained.

The most serious there right now: Beer (major), Siberian Cocklebur (major), Wine (major), Ashwagandha (moderate) and Black Cohosh (moderate).

By severity: 3 major · 35 moderate · 1 minor.

Open the Gemcitabine interaction page

How much people look this up

Where American Pawpaw and Gemcitabine Sit Against Everything Else

Out of every supplement and medication people look up on HelloPharmacist, here is where these two land this week — and which way each has been moving.

Supplement American Pawpaw
Steady interest

#818 of 1,452 supplements looked up here in the last 7 days

29 days ago today
Medication Gemcitabine
Steady interest

#2,295 of 2,830 medications looked up here in the last 7 days

29 days ago today

Position among everything looked up on this site, not a measure of how commonly either one is used or how important it is. A supplement can climb this list because of a news story. It counts every request to the page, automated ones included, and nothing here identifies anyone.

Supplement

About American Pawpaw

What is American Pawpaw?

American Pawpaw
  • Anticancer interest
  • Lice and head lice treatment (topical)
  • Traditional digestive remedy
  • General wellness/antioxidant
  • Insecticide (historical seed use)

American pawpaw is a North American fruit tree whose leaves, twigs, and seeds contain compounds called acetogenins that have shown cancer-cell-killing activity in laboratory studies. However, strong human evidence for any health benefit is lacking, and the seeds, bark, and unripe parts can be toxic, so supplements should be used cautiously and only under professional guidance.

Read the full American Pawpaw monograph & all interactions
Medication

About Gemcitabine Injection

What Is Gemcitabine Injection Used For?

Brand name: Gemzar

Gemcitabine Injection (available as Avgemsi, Gemcitabine, and Infugem) is used to treat several types of cancer. It is given in combination with carboplatin for advanced ovarian cancer that has returned at least 6 months after platinum-based treatment, and in combination with paclitaxel as a first-line treatment for metastatic breast cancer after prior chemotherapy with an anthracycline (a specific class of chemo drug).

It is also given in combination with cisplatin for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that cannot be removed surgically or has spread. For pancreatic cancer that is locally advanced or has spread, it is used as a single agent — including in patients who have already been treated with fluorouracil.

See full Gemcitabine Injection drug information
Keep checking

Other Drugs & American Pawpaw

Browse every other medication we’ve checked against American Pawpaw — both the ones with a known interaction and the ones without. Select any drug for the full detail.

0Major
0Moderate
24Minor
2,805No known interaction
24 Minor 2,805 No interaction
Minor

24 interactions

No interaction 2,805 drugs checked — show the list

We also checked American Pawpaw against these medications and found no known interaction in our sources. Open any page to confirm.

Showing the 60 most looked-up of 2,805 medications checked with no known interaction — see the full American Pawpaw list.

See the full American Pawpaw interactions page
See every supplement checked against Gemcitabine, ranked by severity
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Interaction details are evidence-graded and sourced from the Natural Medicines database. The medication overview comes from MedlinePlus.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

Keep exploring
American Pawpaw monograph › Uses, safety, and every drug interaction in one place Gemcitabine supplement interactions › Every supplement checked against Gemcitabine, ranked by severity Gemcitabine Injection drug information › The full plain-English guide to this medication Supplement interaction checker › Check any supplement or product against your medications Browse medications A–Z › Every drug we've checked against herbs & supplements Ask a pharmacist › Free, personal answer from our licensed team
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Taking American Pawpaw and Gemcitabine Together: Common Questions

Can you take American Pawpaw with Gemcitabine?
There is only a minor interaction, which is usually not serious. Read the full details on this page and confirm with your pharmacist before combining them.
How serious is the American Pawpaw and Gemcitabine interaction?
We rate it Minor. This interaction is generally not clinically significant, but it remains worth noting and discussing with your pharmacist.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Still Have a Question About Gemcitabine and American Pawpaw?

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This information is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always check with your pharmacist or doctor before starting, stopping, or combining supplements and medications.