Drug & supplement interaction

Comfrey + Ipilimumab

Ipilimumab brand name: Yervoy.

No Known Interaction
Medically reviewed by · Updated July 2026 · Pair last verified Sep 20, 2026
The bottom line No known interaction

We found no known interaction between Comfrey and Ipilimumab in our sources. Absence of a documented interaction is not the same as proven safety, and does not guarantee one does not exist. Do not start, stop, or change a medication or supplement based on this page; confirm with your pharmacist or doctor first. Additionally, although there is no interaction, the two are separately associated with some of the same side effects, which would make a new symptom harder to attribute to one or the other.

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Interaction report

Comfrey and Ipilimumab

We checked these two against our interaction database. Here is what we found.

No Known Interaction Found

We did not find a documented interaction between Ipilimumab and Comfrey in our sources. This does not guarantee that the combination is completely free of risk — there is often limited research on supplements and herbal products, especially around drug interactions.

If you decide to take both, the practical routine is simple: add one new thing at a time and note the date you started it. If the combination is going to disagree with you, it usually shows in the first days to a couple of weeks — and a start date turns “I’ve been feeling off” into something a pharmacist can actually work with. Do not stop a prescribed medicine on your own.

Always talk with your pharmacist or doctor before making changes to your medications or supplements, particularly if you take several medications or have an ongoing health condition.

Comfrey safety at a glance

Comfrey overall Use caution Topical use on unbroken skin for short periods may be acceptable, but oral use is unsafe due to liver toxicity.
Pregnancy Likely Unsafe When used orally or topically. In addition to hepatotoxicity and possible carcinogenicity, the pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) in comfrey might be teratogenic. PA... Read the full pregnancy detail
Breastfeeding Likely Unsafe When used orally or topically. In addition to hepatotoxicity and possible carcinogenicity, the pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) in comfrey might be teratogenic. PA... Read the full breastfeeding detail

Pregnancy & breastfeeding ratings are from Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — the full detail is in the Special populations card below. Safety guidance is general; always confirm with your pharmacist or doctor for your situation.

Still wondering about combining Ipilimumab and Comfrey? Ask Dr. Brian Staiger, PharmD, BCPS directly ›
Keep it in perspective

Comfrey Does Interact With Other Medications

Comfrey has 438 moderate known drug interactions in our database — Ipilimumab isn’t one of them. If you take anything else, check it against the full list below.

Moderate 438 No known interaction 2,392 (incl. Ipilimumab)
Taking anything else?

Check Another of Your Medications Against Comfrey

Covers the 2,830 medications we’ve checked against Comfrey. Pick one to open its full report.

What to actually watch for

No Interaction Found — But Data Suggests Comfrey and Ipilimumab May Share Several of the Same Side Effects

This is not an interaction. Neither one changes how your body handles the other, and nothing here says they react together. What our sources do show is that each has separately been linked to the effects below — so taking both can make those effects more likely to turn up, and harder to pin on one or the other if they do. 2 of them are worth acting on rather than waiting out — marked below.

  • Raised blood pressure Worth acting on Additional detail

    Comfrey

    “The pyrrolizidine alkaloid constituents of comfrey can damage the lungs, resulting in pulmonary hypertension. A case report involving a 66-year-old female with known arterial hypertension, mild kidney insufficiency, and type 2 diabetes described severe partial respiratory insufficiency and pulmonary hypertension. The patient admitted to using a number of alternative therapies daily, including comfrey.”

    Comfrey · Natural Medicines adverse-effect record, reported in diabetes.

    4 sources cited
    1. 11987. Stewart MJ, Steenkamp V. Pyrrolizidine poisoning: a neglected area in human toxicology. Ther Drug Monit 2001;23:698-708. PubMed
    2. 11988. Food and Drug Administration. FDA Advises Dietary Supplement Manufacturers to Remove Comfrey Products From the Market. July 6, 2001. Available at: http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/dspltr06.html.
    3. 11990. Stickel F, Seitz HK. The efficacy and safety of comfrey. Public Health Nutr 2000;3:501-8. PubMed
    4. 44911. Gyorik, S. and Stricker, H. Severe pulmonary hypertension possibly due to pyrrolizidine alkaloids in polyphytotherapy. Swiss.Med.Wkly. 4-4-2009;139(13-14):210-211.

    Ipilimumab

    Listed in the ADVERSE REACTIONS section of the FDA label for Ipilimumab. Read the label on DailyMed ›

  • Liver problems Worth acting on Additional detail

    Comfrey

    “The pyrrolizidine alkaloid constituents of comfrey can cause acute sinusoidal obstruction syndrome characterized by sudden abdominal pain, vomiting, ascites, and hepatomegaly. In subacute disease, comfrey can cause ascites, hepatomegaly, abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal swelling. Chronic toxicity appears as asthenia and progressive ascites.”

    Comfrey · Natural Medicines adverse-effect record, reported in cirrhosis.

    2 sources cited
    1. 11988. Food and Drug Administration. FDA Advises Dietary Supplement Manufacturers to Remove Comfrey Products From the Market. July 6, 2001. Available at: http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/dspltr06.html.
    2. 11990. Stickel F, Seitz HK. The efficacy and safety of comfrey. Public Health Nutr 2000;3:501-8. PubMed

    Ipilimumab

    Listed in the ADVERSE REACTIONS section of the FDA label for Ipilimumab. Read the label on DailyMed ›

  • Diarrhea / Tiredness / Swelling / Stomach pain / Vomiting reported in 7.3% of FDA reports for Ipilimumab Additional detail

    Comfrey

    Recorded for Comfrey in the same Natural Medicines adverse-effect record shown under Liver problems above.

    Ipilimumab

    Listed in the ADVERSE REACTIONS section of the FDA label for Ipilimumab, and in voluntary FDA adverse-event reports. Read the label on DailyMed ›

  • Itching / A skin rash reported in 4.2% of FDA reports for Ipilimumab Additional detail

    Comfrey

    “Topically, comfrey-containing creams and ointments may cause skin redness, irritation, itching, rash, and eczema.”

    Comfrey · Natural Medicines adverse-effect record, reported in eczema.

    6 sources cited
    1. 44902. Predel, H. G., Giannetti, B., Koll, R., Bulitta, M., and Staiger, C. Efficacy of a comfrey root extract ointment in comparison to a diclofenac gel in the treatment of ankle distortions: results of an observer-blind, randomized, multicenter study. Phytome
    2. 44912. Giannetti, B. M., Staiger, C., Bulitta, M., and Predel, H. G. Efficacy and safety of comfrey root extract ointment in the treatment of acute upper or lower back pain: results of a double-blind, randomised, placebo controlled, multicentre trial. Br.J Spor PubMed
    3. 44917. Tanret, I. and Duh, D. [Pharmaceutical sheet. Symphytum officinale L., dermal use (Flexagile cream)]. J Pharm.Belg. 2012;(1):41-42.
    4. 44919. Laslett, L. L., Quinn, S. J., Darian-Smith, E., Kwok, M., Fedorova, T., Korner, H., Steels, E., March, L., and Jones, G. Treatment with 4Jointz reduces knee pain over 12 weeks of treatment in patients with clinical knee osteoarthritis: a randomised contr
    5. 92566. Frost R, Macpherson H, O'meara S. A critical scoping review of external uses of comfrey (Symphytum spp.). Complement Ther Med. 2013;21(6):724-45. PubMed
    6. 92570. Pabst H, Schaefer A, Staiger C, Junker-samek M, Predel HG. Combination of comfrey root extract plus methyl nicotinate in patients with conditions of acute upper or low back pain: a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Phytother Res. 2013;27(6):811-7. PubMed

    Ipilimumab

    Listed in the ADVERSE REACTIONS section of the FDA label for Ipilimumab, and in voluntary FDA adverse-event reports. Read the label on DailyMed ›

Effects for Ipilimumab come from the ADVERSE REACTIONS section of its FDA label; effects for Comfrey come from the Natural Medicines adverse-effect record, quoted above. Where a percentage is shown, it is the share of 42,912 voluntary FDA FAERS reports for Ipilimumab that mention that effect — a reporting proportion, not an incidence rate and not evidence the drug caused it. Wording is matched across sources by our own clinical vocabulary, so treat this as a prompt to pay attention, not a diagnosis.

Special populations

Comfrey in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding

Pregnancy And Lactation Likely Unsafe

When used orally or topically. In addition to hepatotoxicity and possible carcinogenicity, the pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) in comfrey might be teratogenic. PAs are absorbed through the skin.

DISCLAIMER: This tool is intended for informational purposes only, and should not be interpreted as specific medical advice. Patients should consult with a qualified healthcare provider before making decisions about therapies and/or health conditions.© 2026 Therapeutic Research Center

Overlapping uses

What Ipilimumab Is Prescribed For, and What Comfrey Has Been Studied For

These two come up together because they touch the same health topic — not because they do the same job. Ipilimumab is a prescription medicine with approved uses on its FDA label. Comfrey is a supplement: what follows is what researchers have looked at it for, and how strong that evidence is.

Ipilimumab is prescribed for: Yervoy (ipilimumab) is used to treat a range of advanced cancers. As a single agent, Yervoy treats unresectable (cannot be surgically removed) or metastatic melanoma in adults and children 12 and older, and is also used as adjuvant (after-surgery) treatment in adults with melanoma that has spread to nearby lymph nodes. Most of its other uses are in combination with nivolumab. In combination with nivolumab, Yervoy is indicated for advanced renal cell carcinoma (kidney cancer), MSI-H or dMMR metastatic colorectal cancer (in adults and children 12+), unresectable or metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer), metastatic non-small cell lung cancer, unresectable malignant pleural mesothelioma, and unresectable advanced or metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Read the rest of what Ipilimumab is prescribed for

Some of these uses require tumor testing for specific markers (such as PD-L1 expression or MSI-H/dMMR status) before treatment begins.

Comfrey has been studied for:

  • Cancer studied, not established Comfrey has been studied for this. Natural Medicines rates the evidence: Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Read what the research shows

    Comfrey for cancer

    Although there has been interest in using oral comfrey for cancer, there is insufficient reliable information about the clinical effects of comfrey for this purpose.

Effectiveness ratings and the research summaries above are the verbatim record from the Natural Medicines database, which grades evidence from “Effective” down to “Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate”. A rating below the top of that scale means researchers have looked at it — not that it works, and never that it can stand in for a prescribed medicine. Do not stop or replace Ipilimumab on your own; if you are taking Comfrey for the same health topic, tell your prescriber, especially if the medicine is being adjusted to a target.

One more smart check

Taking Comfrey as Part of a Dietary Supplement Product? Check It for Interactions

We hold 29 real supplement products containing Comfrey, each one broken down to its full ingredient list — and combination products often carry several ingredients besides Comfrey. Even though Comfrey itself has no known interaction with Ipilimumab, another ingredient on your label might. Find your product and we’ll check every ingredient on its label:

How much people look this up

Where Comfrey and Ipilimumab Sit Against Everything Else

Out of every supplement and medication people look up on HelloPharmacist, here is where these two land this week — and which way each has been moving.

Supplement Comfrey
Top half

#553 of 1,452 supplements looked up here in the last 7 days

29 days ago today
Medication Ipilimumab
Top 25%

#354 of 2,830 medications looked up here in the last 7 days

29 days ago today

Position among everything looked up on this site, not a measure of how commonly either one is used or how important it is. A supplement can climb this list because of a news story. It counts every request to the page, automated ones included, and nothing here identifies anyone.

Where does our data come from?
  • Source: the Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) clinical database — the evidence-graded professional reference for herb & supplement interactions.
  • Citation library: 103,510 references behind our interaction content, 65,311 of them resolved to verified PubMed/DOI sources. See every Comfrey reference on this page ↓
  • Freshness: we automatically re-check this combination every week — this pair was last verified September 20, 2026. The Comfrey and Ipilimumab records this page draws on were last updated July 10, 2026.
  • What “no known interaction” means: no documented interaction in the sources above — not a guarantee of safety. Supplements are studied far less than prescription drugs, so we say exactly what the evidence supports, and nothing more.
Data structure & sourcing designed and verified by .
Supplement

About Comfrey

What is Comfrey?

Comfrey
  • Bruises and sprains
  • Muscle and joint pain
  • Minor wounds and skin irritation
  • Back pain
  • Inflammation

Comfrey is a traditional herb used mainly on the skin for bruises, sprains, and joint pain, and some topical products show modest benefit for these uses. However, comfrey contains compounds that can seriously damage the liver, so it should never be taken by mouth and should only be used on unbroken skin for short periods. Pregnant or breastfeeding people should avoid it entirely.

Symphytum officinale · Boraginaceae · Leaves and roots · Topical ointments, creams, salves, poultices, and (less safely) teas

An interaction check asks whether these two react with each other — it does not ask whether Comfrey is a good idea for someone in your situation. Here is what our Comfrey record says about it on its own.

Comfrey: dosing

There is no well-established, standardized dose for comfrey, and oral use is not recommended at any dose because of liver toxicity.For topical products, follow the directions on the product label and do not use more than directed or for longer than recommended (usually a few weeks at most).

From our Comfrey monograph — the full record covers uses, side effects and every documented interaction.

Read the full Comfrey monograph & all interactions
Medication

About Ipilimumab Injection

What Is Ipilimumab Injection Used For?

Brand name: Yervoy

Yervoy (ipilimumab) is used to treat a range of advanced cancers. As a single agent, Yervoy treats unresectable (cannot be surgically removed) or metastatic melanoma in adults and children 12 and older, and is also used as adjuvant (after-surgery) treatment in adults with melanoma that has spread to nearby lymph nodes. Most of its other uses are in combination with nivolumab.

In combination with nivolumab, Yervoy is indicated for advanced renal cell carcinoma (kidney cancer), MSI-H or dMMR metastatic colorectal cancer (in adults and children 12+), unresectable or metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer), metastatic non-small cell lung cancer, unresectable malignant pleural mesothelioma, and unresectable advanced or metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Some of these uses require tumor testing for specific markers (such as PD-L1 expression or MSI-H/dMMR status) before treatment begins.

Most-Reported Side Effects for Ipilimumab

From FAERS, the FDA’s public side-effect reporting system (42,912 reports, all brands). Reports are voluntary and are not proof the drug caused the effect.

Malignant neoplasm progression 3,782 reports
Diarrhea 3,128 reports
Colitis 2,316 reports
Fever 2,057 reports
Rash 1,805 reports
See full Ipilimumab Injection drug information
Keep checking

Other Drugs & Comfrey

Browse every other medication we’ve checked against Comfrey — both the ones with a known interaction and the ones without. Select any drug for the full detail.

0Major
438Moderate
0Minor
2,391No known interaction
438 Moderate 2,391 No interaction
Moderate

438 interactions

Showing 60 of 438 moderate interactions — see all 438 on the Comfrey page.

No interaction 2,391 drugs checked — show the list

We also checked Comfrey against these medications and found no known interaction in our sources. Open any page to confirm.

Showing the 60 most looked-up of 2,391 medications checked with no known interaction — see the full Comfrey list.

See the full Comfrey interactions page
See every supplement checked against Ipilimumab, ranked by severity
Evidence & sources

Comfrey References

The 13 references that drive our Comfrey monograph and interaction data, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Citations with a link open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

  1. Stewart MJ, Steenkamp V. Pyrrolizidine poisoning: a neglected area in human toxicology. Ther Drug Monit 2001;23:698-708. PubMed
  2. Food and Drug Administration. FDA Advises Dietary Supplement Manufacturers to Remove Comfrey Products From the Market. July 6, 2001. Available at: http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/dspltr06.html.
  3. Stickel F, Seitz HK. The efficacy and safety of comfrey. Public Health Nutr 2000;3:501-8. PubMed
  4. Chojkier M. Hepatic sinusoidal-obstruction syndrome: toxicity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids. J Hepatol 2003;39:437-46. PubMed
  5. Wang YP, Yan J, Fu PP, Chou MW. Human liver microsomal reduction of pyrrolizidine alkaloid N-oxides to form the corresponding carcinogenic parent alkaloid. Toxicol Lett 2005;155:411-20. PubMed
  6. Predel, H. G., Giannetti, B., Koll, R., Bulitta, M., and Staiger, C. Efficacy of a comfrey root extract ointment in comparison to a diclofenac gel in the treatment of ankle distortions: results of an observer-blind, randomized, multicenter study. Phytome
  7. Gyorik, S. and Stricker, H. Severe pulmonary hypertension possibly due to pyrrolizidine alkaloids in polyphytotherapy. Swiss.Med.Wkly. 4-4-2009;139(13-14):210-211.
  8. Giannetti, B. M., Staiger, C., Bulitta, M., and Predel, H. G. Efficacy and safety of comfrey root extract ointment in the treatment of acute upper or lower back pain: results of a double-blind, randomised, placebo controlled, multicentre trial. Br.J Spor PubMed
  9. Tanret, I. and Duh, D. [Pharmaceutical sheet. Symphytum officinale L., dermal use (Flexagile cream)]. J Pharm.Belg. 2012;(1):41-42.
  10. Laslett, L. L., Quinn, S. J., Darian-Smith, E., Kwok, M., Fedorova, T., Korner, H., Steels, E., March, L., and Jones, G. Treatment with 4Jointz reduces knee pain over 12 weeks of treatment in patients with clinical knee osteoarthritis: a randomised contr
  11. Frost R, Macpherson H, O'meara S. A critical scoping review of external uses of comfrey (Symphytum spp.). Complement Ther Med. 2013;21(6):724-45. PubMed
  12. Pabst H, Schaefer A, Staiger C, Junker-samek M, Predel HG. Combination of comfrey root extract plus methyl nicotinate in patients with conditions of acute upper or low back pain: a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Phytother Res. 2013;27(6):811-7. PubMed
  13. Smith DB, Jacobson BH. Effect of a blend of comfrey root extract (Symphytum officinale L.) and tannic acid creams in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee: randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multiclinical trials. J Chiropr Med. 2011;10(3) PubMed

Medication overviews come from MedlinePlus (NIH); supplement label data from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists — see our data sources and editorial standards.

Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Taking Comfrey and Ipilimumab Together: Common Questions

Is it safe to take Comfrey with Ipilimumab?
We do not list a known interaction between Comfrey and Ipilimumab. That does not guarantee the combination is risk-free, so confirm with your pharmacist or doctor — especially if you take other medications or have a health condition.
Do Comfrey and Ipilimumab have any of the same side effects?
Yes — our sources link each of them separately to 9 of the same effects. That is not an interaction: neither changes how your body handles the other. It does mean that if one of those effects turns up, it can be harder to tell which one is behind it. They are listed on this page with the source behind each.
Are Comfrey and Ipilimumab used for the same thing?
They overlap in purpose, which usually means the real question is whether you need both rather than whether they are safe together. This page lists the shared uses and how strong the evidence is for Comfrey in each. That is a conversation for your prescriber, especially if Ipilimumab is being adjusted to a target.
Does Comfrey interact with any other medications?
Yes. Comfrey has 438 documented drug interactions in our database — Ipilimumab is simply not one of them. If you take anything else, it is worth checking each one; they are all listed on this page.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Where next

Keep Exploring

Comfrey monograph Uses, safety profile, and every drug interaction in one place Ipilimumab Injection drug information The full plain-English guide to this medication Ipilimumab supplement interactions Every supplement checked against Ipilimumab, ranked by severity Supplement interaction checker Check any supplement or product against your medications Browse medications A–Z Every drug we’ve checked against herbs & supplements References The 13 citations behind this page Ask a pharmacist Free, personal answer from our licensed team

Still Have a Question About Ipilimumab and Comfrey?

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This information is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always check with your pharmacist or doctor before starting, stopping, or combining supplements and medications.