Drug & supplement interaction

Greater Celandine + Propoxyphene

Propoxyphene brand names: Darvon, Prophene-65, Margesic, Davon.

Moderate Interaction
Medically reviewed by · Updated September 2026
The bottom line Moderate

Propoxyphene falls into 2 drug categories that Greater Celandine can interact with; the most serious is rated moderate. Research in vitro shows that chelidonine, a constituent of greater celandine, inhibits cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) enzyme activity.

Read the full interaction report
SeverityModerate
LikelihoodPossible
Interactions2
EvidenceD
What do Severity, Likelihood & Evidence mean?
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Interaction report

Greater Celandine and Propoxyphene

These two interact in 2 distinct ways. Each one is explained separately below.

Why Are There 2 Interactions?

Greater Celandine interacts with whole categories of medication. Propoxyphene falls into 2 of those categories, so it can interact with Greater Celandine in 2 different ways. We’ve listed each one below — your overall risk is driven by the most serious of them (Moderate).

Moderate

CYTOCHROME P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) SUBSTRATES

1 of 2

Why this applies to Propoxyphene

Propoxyphene falls under CYTOCHROME P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) SUBSTRATES — the group Greater Celandine interacts with.

Research in vitro shows that chelidonine, a constituent of greater celandine, inhibits cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) enzyme activity. Theoretically, greater celandine might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Some drugs metabolized by CYP2D6 include amitriptyline (Elavil), clozapine (Clozaril), codeine, desipramine (Norpramin), donepezil (Aricept), fentanyl (Duragesic), flecainide (Tambocor), fluoxetine (Prozac), meperidine (Demerol), methadone (Dolophine), metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL), olanzapine (Zyprexa), ondansetron (Zofran), tramadol (Ultram), trazodone (Desyrel), and many others.
Severity Moderate Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Interaction has been documented in animal or in lab research, or the interaction has been documented in humans but is limited to case reports or conflicting clinical research exists.

Dr. Brian Staiger, PharmD, BCPS
Dr. Brian Staiger explains PharmD, Clinical Pharmacist

Here's the situation with greater celandine and propoxyphene. One of the herb's natural compounds, chelidonine, has been shown in lab dish studies to block an enzyme called CYP2D6. Your body uses that same enzyme to help process propoxyphene, so in theory the herb could let propoxyphene build up a bit more than usual.

If that happened, you might feel its effects more strongly, things like drowsiness, dizziness, confusion, slowed breathing, or constipation. I want to be honest, though: this is based only on test-tube work, not real people, so it's more of a caution than a proven problem. The bigger concern with greater celandine is that it's been tied to serious liver damage. I'd avoid it and check with your pharmacist or doctor before mixing the two.

Contact Dr. Brian directly if you have additional questions on this interaction
References
  1. Liu Y, Cui T, Peng Y, Ji M, Zheng J. Mechanism-based inactivation of cytochrome P450 2D6 by chelidonine. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2019;33(2):e22251. PubMed
Moderate

HEPATOTOXIC DRUGS

2 of 2

Propoxyphene also falls under HEPATOTOXIC DRUGS.

There is some concern that greater celandine can adversely affect the liver. Greater celandine has been linked to many cases of hepatotoxicity. Theoretically, concomitant use with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage. Some of these drugs include acarbose (Precose, Prandase), amiodarone (Cordarone), atorvastatin (Lipitor), azathioprine (Imuran), carbamazepine (Tegretol), cerivastatin (Baycol), diclofenac (Voltaren), felbamate (Felbatol), fenofibrate (TriCor), fluvastatin (Lescol), gemfibrozil (Lopid), isoniazid, itraconazole, (Sporanox), ketoconazole (Nizoral), leflunomide (Arava), lovastatin (Mevacor), methotrexate (Rheumatrex), nevirapine (Viramune), niacin, nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin), pioglitazone (Actos), pravastatin (Pravachol), pyrazinamide, rifampin (Rifadin), ritonavir (Norvir), rosiglitazone (Avandia), simvastatin (Zocor), tacrine (Cognex), tamoxifen, terbinafine (Lamisil), valproic acid, and zileuton (Zyflo).
Severity Moderate Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Interaction has been documented in animal or in lab research, or the interaction has been documented in humans but is limited to case reports or conflicting clinical research exists.

Dr. Brian Staiger, PharmD, BCPS
Dr. Brian Staiger explains PharmD, Clinical Pharmacist

Here's the simple version: greater celandine has been tied to real cases of liver injury, sometimes serious. Propoxyphene, like many pain relievers, is processed by your liver too. So the worry here isn't a chemical tug-of-war over one enzyme. It's that taking both at once may put extra strain on the same organ, and theoretically raise your odds of liver trouble.

I want to be honest about the evidence: this concern is mostly anecdotal, not proven cause-and-effect for this exact pair. Still, signs like yellowing skin or eyes, dark urine, belly pain, nausea, or unusual tiredness deserve attention. Keep in mind propoxyphene was actually pulled from the U.S. market years ago for safety. Please talk with your pharmacist or doctor before combining anything here.

Contact Dr. Brian directly if you have additional questions on this interaction
References
  1. Benninger J, Schneider HT, Schuppan D, et al. Acute hepatitis induced by greater celandine (Chelidonium majus). Gastroenterology 1999;117:1234-7. PubMed
  2. Stickel F, Poschl G, Seitz HK, et al. Acute hepatitis induced by Greater Celandine (Chelidonium majus). Scand J Gastroenterol 2003;38:565-8.
  3. Moro PA, Cassetti F, Giugliano G, et al. Hepatitis from greater celandine (Chelidonium majus L.): Review of literature and report of a new case. J Ethnopharmacol 2009;124:328-32. PubMed
  4. Stickel, F., Seitz, H. K., Hahn, E. G., and Schuppan, D. [Liver toxicity of drugs of plant origin]. Z.Gastroenterol. 2001;39(3):225-227.
  5. Hardeman, E., Van, Overbeke L., Ilegems, S., and Ferrante, M. Acute hepatitis induced by greater celandine (Chelidonium majus). Acta Gastroenterol.Belg. 2008;71(2):281-282.
  6. Gilca, M., Gaman, L., Panait, E., Stoian, I., and Atanasiu, V. Chelidonium majus--an integrative review: traditional knowledge versus modern findings. Forsch.Komplementmed. 2010;17(5):241-248. PubMed
  7. Teschke, R., Glass, X., and Schulze, J. Herbal hepatotoxicity by Greater Celandine (Chelidonium majus): causality assessment of 22 spontaneous reports. Regul.Toxicol.Pharmacol. 2011;61(3):282-291. PubMed
  8. Teschke, R., Glass, X., Schulze, J., and Eickhoff, A. Suspected Greater Celandine hepatotoxicity: liver-specific causality evaluation of published case reports from Europe. Eur.J Gastroenterol.Hepatol. 2012;24(3):270-280. PubMed
  9. Teschke, R., Frenzel, C., Glass, X., Schulze, J., and Eickhoff, A. Greater Celandine hepatotoxicity: a clinical review. Ann.Hepatol. 2012;11(6):838-848. DOI

What These Ratings Mean

Every interaction above is graded three ways — here’s the key to each label.

Severity how clinically significant the interaction is
Major

Clinically significant. Avoid the combination, or use only under close professional supervision.

Moderate

Usually worth avoiding or managing — may need monitoring, a dose change, or timing apart.

Minor

Generally not serious. Be aware of it and mention it to your pharmacist.

Likelihood how strong the evidence is that the interaction actually happens in people
  • LikelyWell-controlled human studies have demonstrated the likely existence of this interaction.
  • ProbableInteraction has not been documented in well-controlled studies, however, the interaction has been demonstrated in some small human studies or in controlled animal studies in conjunction with multiple case reports.
  • PossibleInteraction has been documented in animal or in lab research, or the interaction has been documented in humans but is limited to case reports or conflicting clinical research exists.
  • UnlikelyInteraction has been demonstrated in animal or in lab research but has been shown not to occur in humans.
Evidence the quality of the studies behind the rating (graded A–D)
  • AHigh-quality meta-analysis (quantitative systematic review).
  • BCase-control study.
  • CConsensus.
  • DAnecdotal evidence.

These ratings are for information only. Never start, stop, or otherwise change your therapy before speaking with your provider.

Keep it in perspective

Greater Celandine Also Interacts With Other Medications

Greater Celandine has 624 moderate known drug interactions in our database — the Propoxyphene one above is among them. If you take anything else, check it against the full list below.

Moderate 624 No known interaction 2,206 (incl. Propoxyphene)
Taking anything else?

Check Another of Your Medications Against Greater Celandine

Covers the 2,830 medications we’ve checked against Greater Celandine. Pick one to open its full report.

Everything else you take

See Every Supplement That Interacts With Propoxyphene

This page covers Greater Celandine only. If you take other supplements — a multivitamin, a sleep aid, something for joints — the Propoxyphene page lists 172 supplements it has a documented interaction with, worst first, each one explained.

The most serious there right now: 1,4-butanediol (major), Activated Charcoal (major), Beer (major), Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (ghb) (major) and Kava (major).

By severity: 8 major · 141 moderate · 23 minor.

From our pharmacist’s overview on the Propoxyphene page

“Propoxyphene (Darvon) is an opioid painkiller, and the biggest hazard among the 172 supplement interactions on file is anything else that slows the brain and breathing. Seventy-eight of these ingredients pile on that sedation, alcohol and kava among the worst rated, and with an opioid the combination can push breathing dangerously low.”

Reviewed by 2 · Jul 18, 2026

Open the Propoxyphene interaction page

One more smart check

Taking Greater Celandine as Part of a Dietary Supplement Product? Check It for Interactions

We hold 11 real supplement products containing Greater Celandine, each one broken down to its full ingredient list — and combination products often carry several ingredients besides Greater Celandine. Your product may carry other ingredients that interact with Propoxyphene too, on top of Greater Celandine — and those would not show on this page. Find your product and we’ll check every ingredient on its label:

How much people look this up

Where Greater Celandine and Propoxyphene Sit Against Everything Else

Out of every supplement and medication people look up on HelloPharmacist, here is where these two land this week — and which way each has been moving.

Supplement Greater Celandine
Top half

#654 of 1,452 supplements looked up here in the last 7 days

29 days ago today
Medication Propoxyphene
Top 10%

#179 of 2,830 medications looked up here in the last 7 days

29 days ago today

Position among everything looked up on this site, not a measure of how commonly either one is used or how important it is. A supplement can climb this list because of a news story. It counts every request to the page, automated ones included, and nothing here identifies anyone.

Supplement

About Greater Celandine

What is Greater Celandine?

Greater Celandine
  • Digestive and gallbladder complaints
  • Stomach cramps and bloating
  • Topical use for warts and skin growths
  • Liver and gallbladder 'cleansing'
  • Mild pain relief

Greater celandine is a traditional herb most often promoted for digestive and gallbladder complaints, but solid human evidence for any use is lacking. More importantly, it has been linked to serious and sometimes severe liver injury, so most experts advise against taking it by mouth. If you are considering it, talk with your pharmacist or doctor first.

Read the full Greater Celandine monograph & all interactions
Medication

About Acetaminophen, Butalbital, and Caffeine

What Is Acetaminophen, Butalbital, and Caffeine Used For?

Brand names: Darvon, Prophene-65, Margesic, Davon

This combination product — available as capsules, tablets, and oral solution under various names including Fioricet — is used to relieve the symptoms of tension headaches (also called muscle contraction headaches).

All supported products, including Fioricet capsules and the oral solution, share this same indication. Because butalbital can be habit-forming, extended or repeated use is not recommended, and these products are not established as safe or effective for treating headaches that come back frequently over time.

See full Acetaminophen, Butalbital, and Caffeine drug information
Keep checking

Other Drugs & Greater Celandine

Browse every other medication we’ve checked against Greater Celandine — both the ones with a known interaction and the ones without. Select any drug for the full detail.

0Major
624Moderate
0Minor
2,205No known interaction
624 Moderate 2,205 No interaction
Moderate

624 interactions

Showing 60 of 624 moderate interactions — see all 624 on the Greater Celandine page.

No interaction 2,205 drugs checked — show the list

We also checked Greater Celandine against these medications and found no known interaction in our sources. Open any page to confirm.

Showing the 60 most looked-up of 2,205 medications checked with no known interaction — see the full Greater Celandine list.

See the full Greater Celandine interactions page
See every supplement checked against Propoxyphene, ranked by severity
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Interaction details are evidence-graded and sourced from the Natural Medicines database. The medication overview comes from MedlinePlus.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

Keep exploring
Greater Celandine monograph › Uses, safety, and every drug interaction in one place Propoxyphene supplement interactions › Every supplement checked against Propoxyphene, ranked by severity Acetaminophen, Butalbital, and Caffeine drug information › The full plain-English guide to this medication Supplement interaction checker › Check any supplement or product against your medications Browse medications A–Z › Every drug we've checked against herbs & supplements Ask a pharmacist › Free, personal answer from our licensed team
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Taking Greater Celandine and Propoxyphene Together: Common Questions

Can you take Greater Celandine with Propoxyphene?
There is a moderate interaction, so it may be acceptable with monitoring or timing changes — but check with your pharmacist first. Read the full details on this page and confirm with your pharmacist before combining them.
Why are there 2 interactions listed for Greater Celandine and Propoxyphene?
Propoxyphene belongs to more than one drug category, and Greater Celandine interacts with each of those categories a little differently. We list every one so nothing is missed — your overall risk is driven by the most serious of them.
How serious is the Greater Celandine and Propoxyphene interaction?
We rate it Moderate. This combination may require monitoring, a dose adjustment, or separating the times you take each one. Consult your pharmacist before using them together.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Still Have a Question About Propoxyphene and Greater Celandine?

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This information is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always check with your pharmacist or doctor before starting, stopping, or combining supplements and medications.