Drug & supplement interaction

Panax Ginseng + Darunavir, Ritonavir

Darunavir, Ritonavir brand name: Darunavir, Ritonavir.

Moderate Interaction
Medically reviewed by · Updated September 2026
The bottom line Moderate

Darunavir, Ritonavir falls into 2 drug categories that Panax Ginseng can interact with; the most serious is rated moderate. Theoretically, Panax ginseng might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.

Read the full interaction report
SeverityModerate
LikelihoodPossible
Interactions2
EvidenceB
What do Severity, Likelihood & Evidence mean?
Know someone taking this? Share
Facebook Post Reddit Email
On this page
Interaction report

Panax Ginseng and Darunavir, Ritonavir

These two interact in 2 distinct ways. Each one is explained separately below.

Why Are There 2 Interactions?

Panax Ginseng interacts with whole categories of medication. Darunavir, Ritonavir falls into 2 of those categories, so it can interact with Panax Ginseng in 2 different ways. We’ve listed each one below — your overall risk is driven by the most serious of them (Moderate).

Moderate

CYTOCHROME P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) SUBSTRATES

1 of 2

Why this applies to Darunavir, Ritonavir

Darunavir, Ritonavir falls under CYTOCHROME P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) SUBSTRATES — the group Panax Ginseng interacts with.

Theoretically, Panax ginseng might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Panax ginseng may affect the clearance of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4. One such drug is imatinib. Inhibition of CYP3A4 was believed to be responsible for a case of imatinib-induced hepatotoxicity. In contrast, Panax ginseng has been shown to increase the clearance of midazolam, another drug metabolized by CYP3A4. Clinical research shows that Panax ginseng can reduce midazolam area under the curve by 44%, maximum plasma concentration by 26%, and time to reach maximum plasma concentration by 29%. Midazolam metabolism was also increased in animals given Panax ginseng. Until more is known, use Panax ginseng cautiously in combination with CYP3A4 substrates.
Severity Moderate Likelihood Possible Evidence B

Interaction has been documented in animal or in lab research, or the interaction has been documented in humans but is limited to case reports or conflicting clinical research exists.

Dr. Brian Staiger, PharmD, BCPS
Dr. Brian Staiger explains PharmD, Clinical Pharmacist

This combo, darunavir boosted with ritonavir, is an HIV regimen that leans heavily on the liver's CYP3A4 pathway. In fact, ritonavir is added on purpose to block CYP3A4 so darunavir stays at helpful levels. Panax ginseng can nudge that same pathway, but honestly the data are mixed. In lab and small human studies it has sometimes sped CYP3A4 up (like with midazolam) and other times slowed it down. So we can't reliably predict which way your levels would move.

Because keeping HIV medicine steady really matters, I'd play it safe here. If ginseng lowered your drug levels, the virus could gain ground; if it raised them, you might see more nausea, diarrhea, or headache. This is mostly theoretical, so please check with your pharmacist or HIV provider before adding ginseng.

Contact Dr. Brian directly if you have additional questions on this interaction
References
  1. Malati CY, Robertson SM, Hunt JD, Chairez C, Alfaro RM, Kovacs JA, Penzak SR. Influence of Panax ginseng on cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity in healthy participants. J Clin Pharmacol 2012;52(6):932-9.
  2. Bilgi N, Bell K, Ananthakrishnan AN, Atallah E. Imatinib and Panax ginseng: a potential interaction resulting in liver toxicity. Ann Pharmacother 2010;44(5):926-8.
  3. Kim Y, Jo JJ, Cho P, et al. Characterization of red ginseng-drug interaction by CYP3A activity increased in high dose administration in mice. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 2020;41(7):295-306. PubMed
Minor

LOPINAVIR/RITONAVIR (Kaletra)

2 of 2
Although Panax ginseng has demonstrated variable effects on cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), which metabolizes lopinavir, Panax ginseng is unlikely to alter levels of lopinavir/ritonavir.
Lopinavir is metabolized by CYP3A4 and is administered with the CYP3A4 inhibitor ritonavir to increase its plasma concentrations. Panax ginseng has shown variable effects on CYP3A4 activity in humans. However, taking Panax ginseng (Vitamer Laboratories) 500 mg twice daily for 14 days did not alter the pharmacokinetics of lopinavir/ritonavir in 12 healthy volunteers.
Severity Minor Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B

Interaction has been demonstrated in animal or in lab research but has been shown not to occur in humans..

Dr. Brian Staiger, PharmD, BCPS
Dr. Brian Staiger explains PharmD, Clinical Pharmacist

Good news here: this is a pretty low-worry combination. Your darunavir is boosted by ritonavir, which purposely blocks the CYP3A4 enzyme so your HIV medicine stays at strong, steady levels in your blood. Panax ginseng has shown mixed, back-and-forth effects on that same enzyme in studies, so on paper you might wonder if it would push your drug levels up or down.

In practice, a small human study using 500 mg of ginseng twice daily for two weeks did not meaningfully change lopinavir/ritonavir levels, and darunavir/ritonavir behaves similarly. So a real shift in effectiveness or side effects (like nausea or diarrhea) is unlikely. Still, because keeping HIV therapy at steady levels matters so much, run any ginseng supplement past your pharmacist or doctor first.

Contact Dr. Brian directly if you have additional questions on this interaction
References
  1. Malati CY, Robertson SM, Hunt JD, Chairez C, Alfaro RM, Kovacs JA, Penzak SR. Influence of Panax ginseng on cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity in healthy participants. J Clin Pharmacol 2012;52(6):932-9.
  2. Bilgi N, Bell K, Ananthakrishnan AN, Atallah E. Imatinib and Panax ginseng: a potential interaction resulting in liver toxicity. Ann Pharmacother 2010;44(5):926-8.
  3. Jalloh MA, Gregory PJ, Hein D, et al. Dietary supplement interactions with antiretrovirals: a systematic review. Int J STD AIDS. 2017 Jan;28(1):4-15. PubMed

What These Ratings Mean

Every interaction above is graded three ways — here’s the key to each label.

Severity how clinically significant the interaction is
Major

Clinically significant. Avoid the combination, or use only under close professional supervision.

Moderate

Usually worth avoiding or managing — may need monitoring, a dose change, or timing apart.

Minor

Generally not serious. Be aware of it and mention it to your pharmacist.

Likelihood how strong the evidence is that the interaction actually happens in people
  • LikelyWell-controlled human studies have demonstrated the likely existence of this interaction.
  • ProbableInteraction has not been documented in well-controlled studies, however, the interaction has been demonstrated in some small human studies or in controlled animal studies in conjunction with multiple case reports.
  • PossibleInteraction has been documented in animal or in lab research, or the interaction has been documented in humans but is limited to case reports or conflicting clinical research exists.
  • UnlikelyInteraction has been demonstrated in animal or in lab research but has been shown not to occur in humans.
Evidence the quality of the studies behind the rating (graded A–D)
  • AHigh-quality meta-analysis (quantitative systematic review).
  • BCase-control study.
  • CConsensus.
  • DAnecdotal evidence.

These ratings are for information only. Never start, stop, or otherwise change your therapy before speaking with your provider.

Keep it in perspective

Panax Ginseng Also Interacts With Other Medications

Panax Ginseng has 1,129 moderate known drug interactions in our database — the Darunavir, Ritonavir one above is among them. If you take anything else, check it against the full list below.

Moderate 1,129 No known interaction 1,701 (incl. Darunavir, Ritonavir)
Taking anything else?

Check Another of Your Medications Against Panax Ginseng

Covers the 2,830 medications we’ve checked against Panax Ginseng. Pick one to open its full report.

Everything else you take

See Every Supplement That Interacts With Darunavir, Ritonavir

This page covers Panax Ginseng only. If you take other supplements — a multivitamin, a sleep aid, something for joints — the Darunavir, Ritonavir page lists 156 supplements it has a documented interaction with, worst first, each one explained.

The most serious there right now: Activated Charcoal (major), Grapefruit (major), St. John's Wort (major), 1,4-butanediol (moderate) and Acacia Rigidula (moderate).

By severity: 3 major · 115 moderate · 38 minor.

From our pharmacist’s overview on the Darunavir, Ritonavir page

“Someone taking darunavir with ritonavir is treating HIV, and here the stakes are high enough that this list of 156 interacting supplements deserves genuine attention, with the three major-rated entries understood first. St.”

Reviewed by 2 · Jul 18, 2026

Open the Darunavir, Ritonavir interaction page

One more smart check

Taking Panax Ginseng as Part of a Dietary Supplement Product? Check It for Interactions

We hold 517 real supplement products containing Panax Ginseng, each one broken down to its full ingredient list — and combination products often carry several ingredients besides Panax Ginseng. Your product may carry other ingredients that interact with Darunavir, Ritonavir too, on top of Panax Ginseng — and those would not show on this page. Find your product and we’ll check every ingredient on its label:

How much people look this up

Where Panax Ginseng and Darunavir, Ritonavir Sit Against Everything Else

Out of every supplement and medication people look up on HelloPharmacist, here is where these two land this week — and which way each has been moving.

Supplement Panax Ginseng
Top 25%

#242 of 1,452 supplements looked up here in the last 7 days

29 days ago today
Medication Darunavir, Ritonavir
Top half

#847 of 2,830 medications looked up here in the last 7 days

29 days ago today

Position among everything looked up on this site, not a measure of how commonly either one is used or how important it is. A supplement can climb this list because of a news story. It counts every request to the page, automated ones included, and nothing here identifies anyone.

Supplement

About Panax Ginseng

What is Panax Ginseng?

Panax Ginseng
  • Boosting energy and fighting fatigue
  • Improving mental focus and memory
  • Coping with stress (adaptogen)
  • Erectile dysfunction
  • Supporting immune health
  • Blood sugar support

Panax ginseng is a popular traditional herb used to boost energy, ease stress, and support overall wellness, though scientific evidence is mixed and mostly preliminary. It is generally well tolerated for short-term use in healthy adults, but it can cause side effects like trouble sleeping and may not be safe during pregnancy or breastfeeding. Always check with your pharmacist or doctor before starting it, especially if you have a medical condition or take other medicines.

Read the full Panax Ginseng monograph & all interactions
Keep checking

Other Drugs & Panax Ginseng

Browse every other medication we’ve checked against Panax Ginseng — both the ones with a known interaction and the ones without. Select any drug for the full detail.

0Major
1,129Moderate
0Minor
1,700No known interaction
1,129 Moderate 1,700 No interaction
Moderate

1,129 interactions

Showing 60 of 1,129 moderate interactions — see all 1,129 on the Panax Ginseng page.

No interaction 1,700 drugs checked — show the list

We also checked Panax Ginseng against these medications and found no known interaction in our sources. Open any page to confirm.

Showing the 60 most looked-up of 1,700 medications checked with no known interaction — see the full Panax Ginseng list.

See the full Panax Ginseng interactions page
See every supplement checked against Darunavir, Ritonavir, ranked by severity
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Interaction details are evidence-graded and sourced from the Natural Medicines database. The medication overview comes from MedlinePlus.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

Keep exploring
Panax Ginseng monograph › Uses, safety, and every drug interaction in one place Darunavir, Ritonavir supplement interactions › Every supplement checked against Darunavir, Ritonavir, ranked by severity Supplement interaction checker › Check any supplement or product against your medications Browse medications A–Z › Every drug we've checked against herbs & supplements Ask a pharmacist › Free, personal answer from our licensed team
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Taking Panax Ginseng and Darunavir, Ritonavir Together: Common Questions

Can you take Panax Ginseng with Darunavir, Ritonavir?
There is a moderate interaction, so it may be acceptable with monitoring or timing changes — but check with your pharmacist first. Read the full details on this page and confirm with your pharmacist before combining them.
Why are there 2 interactions listed for Panax Ginseng and Darunavir, Ritonavir?
Darunavir, Ritonavir belongs to more than one drug category, and Panax Ginseng interacts with each of those categories a little differently. We list every one so nothing is missed — your overall risk is driven by the most serious of them.
How serious is the Panax Ginseng and Darunavir, Ritonavir interaction?
We rate it Moderate. This combination may require monitoring, a dose adjustment, or separating the times you take each one. Consult your pharmacist before using them together.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Still Have a Question About Darunavir, Ritonavir and Panax Ginseng?

Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.

Ask a pharmacist

This information is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always check with your pharmacist or doctor before starting, stopping, or combining supplements and medications.