What Supplements Interact with Darunavir, Ritonavir?
Darunavir, Ritonavir brand name: Darunavir, Ritonavir. Every interaction below applies to the brands too.
Drug–supplement interaction data sourced from Natural Medicines Pro, the licensed clinical database from TRC Healthcare / Therapeutic Research, with additional analysis by the HelloPharmacist Pharmacist Team. Our sources · Editorial policy
What is this page for?
One answer, for one medication: what supplements and herbal products interact with Darunavir, Ritonavir? Every vitamin, herb, and supplement ingredient we’ve checked against it is on this page, ranked by severity, each linking to the full report for that exact pair.
This page covers supplement interactions only — to check Darunavir, Ritonavir against your other medications, use the drug–drug interaction checker. Educational information from our licensed clinical databases, not medical advice. Our editorial policy
What is this?
The interaction data in the HelloPharmacist supplement database is licensed from Natural Medicines Pro by TRC Healthcare (Therapeutic Research). HelloPharmacist pharmacists often add our own analysis and context on top of that licensed data — such as this Bottom Line summary and the notes on individual interaction pages — and any such commentary is noted as ours.Someone taking darunavir with ritonavir is treating HIV, and here the stakes are high enough that this list of 156 interacting supplements deserves genuine attention, with the three major-rated entries understood first. St. John's wort is the one I would stop outright; it speeds the drug's breakdown and can lead to treatment failure and viral resistance. Grapefruit and activated charcoal complete the majors, one raising drug levels, the other blocking absorption.
Most of the remaining 115 moderate and 38 minor entries run the opposite way. Ritonavir is included specifically to block the CYP3A4 enzyme, so it raises blood levels of anything cleared through that pathway, and 121 of these ingredients fall into that group. The usual result is a supplement hitting harder than expected, so a stronger-than-normal effect from something herbal is worth reporting, not shrugging off.
This box checks one ingredient at a time (like turmeric or magnesium). Taking a supplement product with a whole label of ingredients? Search the product instead — we check every ingredient on it ↓
Darunavir, Ritonavir: Top Interactions at a Glance
The most significant Darunavir, Ritonavir supplement & herbal interactions, colored by severity. Tap any ingredient to open the full report for that pair.
Showing the 12 highest-ranked of 156 interacting ingredients — plus 1,296 more checked with no known interaction. See the complete ranked list.
The Major Interactions to Know About
The most clinically significant Darunavir, Ritonavir + supplement combinations in our database, best-documented first. Open any card for the full report.
Grapefruit juice can increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full interaction Major Likelihood Likely St. John's Wort + Darunavir, RitonaviriSt.
Read the full interaction Major Likelihood Probable Activated Charcoal + Darunavir, RitonaviriActivated charcoal reduces systemic exposure to many drugs, including those that undergo enterohepatic recirculation, regardless of the route of administration.
Read the full interactionEvery Supplement Checked Against Darunavir, Ritonavir
All 1,452 ingredients in our database, ranked by severity — 156 with a Darunavir, Ritonavir interaction on file and 1,296 with none found. Filter by severity or search any ingredient; hover the for what each ingredient is.
Looking for an interaction with a specific supplement product? Search products instead ↓
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GrapefruitCitrus Paradisi Likely
What it is: Grapefruit is a nutritious citrus fruit rich in vitamin C and other nutrients, and it is generally safe to eat.
Grapefruit juice can increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Grapefruit + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionSt. John's WortHypericum Perforatum, amber Touch-and-heal, barbe De Saint-jean, +13 more Likely
Activated CharcoalActivated Carbon, animal Charcoal, carbo Vegetabilis, +13 more Probable
What it is: Activated charcoal is a highly porous form of carbon that can bind certain substances in the gut, and it is used in hospitals to treat some...
Activated charcoal reduces systemic exposure to many drugs, including those that undergo enterohepatic recirculation, regardless of the route of administration.
Read the full Activated Charcoal + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionCannabidiol (cbd) Probable
What it is: CBD is a compound from the cannabis (hemp) plant that does not cause a 'high.' It has strong evidence only for certain rare seizure disorder...
Cannabidiol may increase levels of drugs that are metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Cannabidiol (cbd) + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionCoffee CharcoalCafé Arabica, café Carbonisé, café Robusta, +5 more Probable
What it is: Coffee charcoal is made by roasting green coffee beans until they turn black, creating a charcoal-like material used traditionally for diarr...
Coffee charcoal can reduce the absorption of orally administered drugs and should be separated from oral drug administration by at least two hours.
Read the full Coffee Charcoal + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionEuropean MandrakeMandragora Officinarum, alraunwurzel, mandragora, +7 more Probable
What it is: European mandrake is a highly toxic plant from the nightshade family that was used in ancient and medieval times as a sedative and pain reli...
Theoretically, concurrent use might increase absorption of some drugs because of inhibited gastrointestinal (GI) motility caused by European mandrake.
Read the full European Mandrake + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionGlucomannanGlucomanano, glucomannane, konjac, +1 more Probable
What it is: Glucomannan is a soluble fiber from the konjac root that swells into a gel in your stomach, which may help with mild weight loss, constipati...
Theoretically, glucomannan may decrease absorption of drugs taken orally.
Read the full Glucomannan + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionGoldensealHydrastis Canadensis, chinese Goldenseal, eye Balm, +14 more Probable
What it is: Goldenseal is a popular North American herb that contains berberine, a compound studied for antimicrobial effects.
Theoretically, goldenseal might increase or decrease serum levels of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrates.
Read the full Goldenseal + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionGuggulCommiphora Wightii, devadhupa, gomme Guggul, +17 more Probable
What it is: Guggul is a gum resin from the Commiphora wightii tree, long used in Ayurvedic medicine for cholesterol, joint, and skin problems.
Theoretically, guggul might reduce the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Guggul + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionSchisandraSchisandra Chinensis, bac Ngu Vi Tu, baie De Schisandra, +10 more Probable
What it is: Schisandra is a traditional Chinese medicine berry used as an adaptogen for stress, fatigue, and liver support.
Schisandra can increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Schisandra + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionTree Turmeric Probable
What it is: Tree turmeric (Berberis aristata) is a shrub used in traditional Indian (Ayurvedic) medicine, valued mainly for its berberine content.
Theoretically, tree turmeric might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs that are substrates of CYP3A4.
Read the full Tree Turmeric + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionYohimbePausinystalia Yohimbe, 11-hydroxy Yohimbine, coryanthe Yohimbe, +7 more Probable
What it is: Yohimbe is a West African tree bark that contains yohimbine, a compound mainly promoted for erectile dysfunction and as an aphrodisiac.
CYP2D6 inhibitors may increase the levels and adverse effects of yohimbine, a constituent of yohimbe.
Read the full Yohimbe + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionZincChelated Zinc, zinc Acetate, zinc Acexamate, +15 more Probable
What it is: Zinc is an essential mineral that your body needs for immune function, wound healing, taste, and smell.
Zinc modestly reduces levels of ritonavir.
Read the full Zinc + Darunavir, Ritonavir interaction1,4-butanediolOne Comma Four, one Four Bdo, one Four Bee, +1 more Possible
What it is: 1,4-butanediol is a toxic industrial chemical, not a safe dietary supplement.
Concomitant use of 1,4-butanediol with ritonavir may potentiate adverse effects.
Read the full 1,4-butanediol + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionAcacia RigidulaVachellia Rigidula, acacia Rigidula, acaciopsis Rigidula, +3 more Possible
What it is: Acacia rigidula is a shrub from Texas and Mexico that is marketed in weight-loss and energy supplements.
Theoretically, Acacia rigidula products that are adulterated with beta-methylphenylethylamine (BMPEA) might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Acacia Rigidula + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionAdrafinilAdrafinilum, benzhydryl Sulfinyl Acetyl Hydroxamic Acid, crl-40028, +1 more Possible
What it is: Adrafinil is a synthetic compound that the body converts into modafinil, a prescription wakefulness-promoting drug.
Theoretically, drugs that inhibit CYP3A4 might increase the levels and clinical effects of adrafinil.
Read the full Adrafinil + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionAfrican Wild Potato Possible
What it is: African Wild Potato (Hypoxis hemerocallidea) is a southern African plant traditionally used as a tonic and for immune, prostate, and inflamm...
In vitro evidence shows that African wild potato extract can inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzyme activity by up to 86%.
Read the full African Wild Potato + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionAmerican ElderSambucus Canadensis, american Elderberry, common Elderberry, +9 more Possible
What it is: American elder is a North American plant whose cooked, ripe berries and flowers are used mainly for colds, flu, and general immune support.
Theoretically, taking American elder might increase levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full American Elder + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionAstaxanthinAstaxanthine, astaxantina, dihydroxy-3, +6 more Possible
What it is: Astaxanthin is a reddish carotenoid pigment with strong antioxidant activity in the lab, and it is widely promoted for skin, eye, heart, and...
Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Astaxanthin + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionAyahuascaAppane, ayahoasca, caapi, +19 more Possible
What it is: Ayahuasca is a powerful psychoactive brew that combines a DMT-containing plant with a vine that allows the DMT to take effect, causing inten...
Theoretically, ayahuasca might increase plasma concentrations of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Ayahuasca + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionBacopaBacopa Monnieri, andri, brahmi, +11 more Possible
What it is: Bacopa is an Ayurvedic herb most often used for memory and thinking.
Theoretically, bacopa might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Bacopa + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionBeetBeta Vulgaris, beet Greens, beet Juice, +19 more Possible
What it is: Beet, especially beetroot juice, is a nitrate-rich food that may modestly lower blood pressure and slightly improve exercise performance in...
Theoretically, beet might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Beet + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionBerberineAlcaloïde De Berbérine, berberina, berbérine, +5 more Possible
What it is: Berberine is a yellow plant compound that has shown promise for lowering blood sugar and cholesterol in some studies, but the quality of res...
Theoretically, berberine might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Berberine + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionBeta-methylphenethylamine (bmpea) Possible
What it is: Beta-methylphenethylamine (BMPEA) is a synthetic stimulant chemically similar to amphetamine that has been found in some weight-loss and spo...
Theoretically, BMPEA might increase the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Beta-methylphenethylamine (bmpea) + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionBishop's WeedAmmi Majus, Élevé, ammi Inodore, +12 more Possible
What it is: Bishop's Weed (Ammi majus) is a flowering plant whose seeds contain natural light-sensitizing compounds called psoralens, which have been st...
Bergapten, a constituent of bishop's weed, has been shown to inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) in vitro.
Read the full Bishop's Weed + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionBitter MelonMomordica Charantia, african Cucumber, ampalaya, +20 more Possible
What it is: Bitter melon is a tropical fruit eaten as food and used in traditional medicine, most often for blood sugar control.
Theoretically, bitter melon might increase levels of P-glycoprotein substrates.
Read the full Bitter Melon + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionBitter OrangeCitrus Aurantium, aurantii Fructus, aurantium, +17 more Possible
What it is: Bitter orange is a citrus fruit whose extracts contain synephrine, a mild stimulant often added to weight-loss and energy supplements.
Bitter orange might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Bitter Orange + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionBlack PepperPiper Nigrum, black Peppercorn, extrait De Poivre, +23 more Possible
What it is: Black pepper is a common kitchen spice that is generally safe in the amounts used in food.
Theoretically, black pepper might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Black Pepper + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionBog Labrador TeaRhododendron Groenlandicum, bog Tea, continental Tea, +12 more Possible
What it is: Bog Labrador tea is a wetland shrub whose leaves have long been brewed as a traditional beverage and folk remedy, especially among Indigenou...
In vitro research shows that aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Bog Labrador tea leaves can increase the concentration of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzymes.
Read the full Bog Labrador Tea + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionBoswellia SerrataBoswellia Serrata, arbre à Oliban Indien, boswella, +10 more Possible
What it is: Boswellia serrata is a tree resin used in traditional medicine, mainly for joint pain and inflammation.
Theoretically, Boswellia serrata might increase or decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Boswellia Serrata + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionBulbine Natalensis Possible
What it is: Bulbine natalensis is a South African plant marketed mainly as a testosterone-boosting and libido supplement, but the human evidence is esse...
Theoretically, Bulbine natalensis stem might reduce the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Bulbine Natalensis + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionCalamusAcorus Calamus, acore Calame, acore Odorant, +20 more Possible
What it is: Calamus is a swamp plant with a long history in Ayurvedic and traditional Chinese medicine, mostly for digestive and nervous-system complain...
Theoretically, taking calamus with drugs metabolized by CYP3A4 might increase drug levels and potentially increase the risk of adverse effects.
Read the full Calamus + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionCannabinol (cbn) Possible
What it is: Cannabinol (CBN) is a minor cannabinoid found in the cannabis plant, often marketed as a 'sleep' aid, but solid human research is very limit...
Theoretically, CYP3A4 inhibitors might increase the levels and clinical effects of cannabinol.
Read the full Cannabinol (cbn) + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionCannabisCannabis Sativa, anashca, banji, +25 more Possible
What it is: Cannabis contains many active compounds, mainly THC (which causes a 'high') and CBD (which does not).
Theoretically, CYP3A4 inhibitors might increase the levels and adverse effects of cannabis.
Read the full Cannabis + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionCat's ClawGriffe Du Chat, hawk's Claw, liane Du Pérou, +4 more Possible
What it is: Cat's claw is a South American vine traditionally used for inflammation, joint pain, and immune support.
Theoretically, cat's claw might increase or decrease the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Cat's Claw + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionCeylon Leadwort Possible
What it is: Ceylon Leadwort (Plumbago zeylanica) is a plant long used in Ayurvedic and other traditional medicine systems, mainly for digestion, skin pr...
Plumbagin, a constituent of Ceylon leadwort, has been shown to inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) in vitro.
Read the full Ceylon Leadwort + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionChanca PiedraPhyllanthus Niruri, amli, arranca-pedras, +16 more Possible
What it is: Chanca piedra is a tropical herb traditionally used as a 'stone breaker' for kidney and gallstones, and for liver and urinary health.
Theoretically, use of chanca piedra might increase the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Chanca Piedra + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionChokeberryAronia Arbutifolia, aronia Melanocarpa, aronia Nigra, +1 more Possible
What it is: Chokeberry (aronia) is a dark berry rich in antioxidants called polyphenols, and it's widely eaten as juice, jam, and supplements.
Theoretically, chokeberry might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Chokeberry + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionCloveSyzygium Aromaticum, bourgeon Floral De Clou De Girofle, bouton Floral De Clou De Girofle, +12 more Possible
What it is: Clove is a common cooking spice that is also used in traditional medicine, especially as a topical numbing agent for tooth pain thanks to it...
Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Clove + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionColeus6beta, 17beta-acetoxy-8, 13-epoxy-1alpha, +15 more Possible
What it is: Coleus is a plant from the mint family whose root contains a compound called forskolin, often marketed for weight loss, asthma, and heart he...
Theoretically, taking coleus might decrease serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Coleus + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionCorydalis Yanhusuo Possible
What it is: Corydalis yanhusuo is a traditional Chinese herb used mainly for pain.
Theoretically, Corydalis yanhusuo might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Corydalis Yanhusuo + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionCranberryVaccinium Macrocarpon, agrio, american Cranberry, +16 more Possible
What it is: Cranberry is best known for helping to prevent repeated urinary tract infections (UTIs) in some people, and the evidence here is moderate bu...
Theoretically, cranberry might increase the levels and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Cranberry + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionCubebsPiper Cubeba, cubeb, cubeb Berries, +14 more Possible
What it is: Cubebs are spicy, peppery berries from a vine in the pepper family that have long been used in traditional medicine for coughs, digestion, a...
Several compounds isolated from cubebs can inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) in vitro.
Read the full Cubebs + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionDanshenSalvia Bowleyana, ch'ih Shen, chinese Red Sage, +15 more Possible
What it is: Danshen is a root used in traditional Chinese medicine, mainly for heart and circulation problems.
Danshen might alter the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Danshen + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionDelta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (thc)Bho, black Glass, budder, +9 more Possible
What it is: THC is the main mind-altering compound in cannabis and is best known for causing a 'high.' A prescription form (dronabinol) is approved for...
Theoretically, CYP3A4 inhibitors might increase the levels and clinical effects of THC.
Read the full Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (thc) + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionDevil's ClawHarpagophytum Procumbens, devils Claw, devil's Claw Root, +9 more Possible
What it is: Devil's claw is a southern African plant used mainly for arthritis and back pain, and some studies suggest it may help ease these types of d...
Theoretically, devil's claw might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Devil's Claw + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionDhea3b-hydroxy-androst-5-ene-17-one, 3betahydroxy-androst-5-ene-17-one, androstenolone, +4 more Possible
What it is: DHEA is a natural hormone that the body makes and that declines with age, and it is sold as a supplement claiming many benefits.
Theoretically, DHEA might increase the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Dhea + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionDiosmin Possible
What it is: Diosmin is a citrus-derived flavonoid most often used for vein-related problems such as chronic venous insufficiency and hemorrhoids, and it...
Theoretically, diosmin might inhibit the metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Diosmin + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionEchinaceaAmerican Cone Flower, black Sampson, black Susans, +7 more Possible
What it is: Echinacea is a popular herb taken to help prevent or shorten the common cold, but study results are mixed and the overall benefit appears sm...
Echinacea may induce hepatic CYP3A4 and inhibit intestinal CYP3A4.
Read the full Echinacea + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionEleutheroEleutherococcus Senticosus, acanthopanax Obovatus, ciwujia Root, +13 more Possible
What it is: Eleuthero is an herb traditionally used as an 'adaptogen' to fight fatigue, boost energy, and help the body handle stress.
Theoretically, eleuthero might increase levels of P-glycoprotein substrates.
Read the full Eleuthero + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionErgotClaviceps Purpurea, cockspur Rye, cornezuelo, +7 more Possible
What it is: Ergot is a toxic fungus that grows on rye and contains powerful chemicals (ergot alkaloids) that strongly narrow blood vessels and squeeze t...
Ergotamine, a constituent of ergot, is a substrate of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4).
Read the full Ergot + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionEucalyptusEucalyptus Globulus, blue Gum, blue Mallee, +13 more Possible
What it is: Eucalyptus is best known for its strong-smelling oil used in vapor rubs, inhalants, and lozenges to ease coughs and congestion.
Theoretically, eucalyptus might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Eucalyptus + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionEuropean BarberryBerberis Vulgaris, agracejo, barberry, +15 more Possible
What it is: European barberry is a shrub whose root, bark, and berries contain berberine, a bitter plant alkaloid that has been studied mostly in isolat...
Theoretically, European barberry might increase the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full European Barberry + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionEvening PrimroseOenothera Biennis, oenothera Muricata, oenothera Rubricaulis, +3 more Possible
What it is: Evening primrose oil is a seed oil rich in gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), an omega-6 fatty acid, that is popularly used for skin conditions, PM...
Theoretically, evening primrose oil might increase the levels and effects of lopinavir.
Read the full Evening Primrose + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionEvodia Possible
What it is: Evodia is a fruit used in traditional Chinese medicine, most often for digestive complaints, headaches, and menstrual pain.
Theoretically, CYP3A4 inhibitors might increase the levels and clinical effects of evodia.
Read the full Evodia + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionFalse UnicornChamaelirium Luteum, alétris, blazing Star, +9 more Possible
What it is: False Unicorn is a North American plant whose root has long been used in traditional medicine for women's reproductive and menstrual concern...
In vitro, false unicorn extract inhibits cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) activity.
Read the full False Unicorn + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionFennelFoeniculum Vulgare, adas, almindelig Fennikel, +20 more Possible
What it is: Fennel is a Mediterranean herb widely used as a food and spice, and traditionally taken for digestive complaints, colic, and menstrual cramp...
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Fennel + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionFever BarkAlstonia Constricta, alstonia Bark, australian Febrifuge, +10 more Possible
What it is: Fever bark is the bark of the Australian tree Alstonia constricta, used in traditional medicine for fever, diarrhea, and infections.
Theoretically, CYP3A4 inhibitors might increase the levels and clinical effects of yohimbine, a constituent of fever bark.
Read the full Fever Bark + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionFeverfewTanacetum Parthenium, altamisa, bachelor's Buttons, +13 more Possible
What it is: Feverfew is a daisy-family herb best known for migraine prevention, where some studies suggest it may modestly lower how often migraines occ...
Theoretically, feverfew might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Feverfew + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionFo-ti Possible
What it is: Fo-ti (He Shou Wu) is a root used in traditional Chinese medicine, often promoted for healthy aging and hair.
Theoretically, fo-ti might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Fo-ti + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionGamma Butyrolactone (gbl)2-3 Dihydro Furanone Possible
What it is: Gamma butyrolactone (GBL) is a toxic industrial solvent, not a dietary supplement, and the body converts it into GHB, a powerful and dangero...
Concomitant use of GBL with ritonavir may potentiate adverse effects.
Read the full Gamma Butyrolactone (gbl) + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionGamma-hydroxybutyrate (ghb) Possible
What it is: GHB (gamma-hydroxybutyrate) is a powerful central nervous system depressant that is NOT a safe dietary supplement.
Concomitant use of ritonavir and GHB may increase the risk of serious adverse effects.
Read the full Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (ghb) + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionGarlicAllium Sativum, aged Black Garlic Extract, aged Garlic Extract, +16 more Possible
What it is: Garlic is a common food and supplement that may modestly help with blood pressure and cholesterol, though the evidence is mixed and effects...
Theoretically, garlic products containing allicin might induce intestinal CYP3A4 and inhibit hepatic CYP3A4.
Read the full Garlic + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionGerman ChamomileMatricaria Recutita, blue Chamomile, camomèle, +12 more Possible
What it is: German chamomile is a widely used herbal remedy taken mainly as a tea for calming, sleep, and digestive complaints.
Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP3A4 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
Read the full German Chamomile + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionGingerZingiber Officinale, african Ginger, ardraka, +21 more Possible
What it is: Ginger is a widely used culinary spice with a long history in traditional medicine, and it has the strongest evidence for helping with nause...
Ginger might increase or decrease the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Ginger + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionGinkgoGinkgo Biloba, abricot Argenté Japonais, adiantifolia, +13 more Possible
What it is: Ginkgo is one of the world's most popular herbal supplements, mostly taken to support memory and circulation.
Theoretically, ginkgo might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Ginkgo + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionGojiLycium Chinense, lycium Barbarum, barberry Matrimony Vine, +15 more Possible
What it is: Goji berries are a nutritious fruit rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and plant polysaccharides, and they are safe for most people as a food.
Theoretically, goji berry might inhibit CYP3A4 and reduce metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Goji + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionGoldthreadCoptis Chinensis, cankerroot, chinese Coptis, +13 more Possible
What it is: Goldthread is a traditional Chinese and East Asian herb whose root is rich in berberine, a compound being studied for blood sugar, cholester...
There's very preliminary evidence that berberine, a constituent of goldthread, might inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzyme.
Read the full Goldthread + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionGrapeVitis Vinifera, activin, black Grape Raisins, +10 more Possible
What it is: Grapes and grape products like grape seed extract contain antioxidant compounds such as resveratrol and proanthocyanidins that may support h...
It is unclear if grape seed extract inhibits or induces CYP3A4; research is conflicting.
Read the full Grape + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionGreen TeaCamellia Sinensis, green Sencha Tea, green Tea Extract, +17 more Possible
What it is: Green tea is a popular beverage rich in antioxidants called catechins, and drinking it in normal amounts is considered safe for most people.
Green tea might increase the levels and adverse effects of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrates.
Read the full Green Tea + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionGuar GumDietary Fiber, farine De Guar, fibre Alimentaire, +10 more Possible
What it is: Guar gum is a soluble, gel-forming fiber from the guar bean that may modestly help with cholesterol, blood sugar, and bowel regularity.
Guar gum might reduce the absorption of some oral drugs, potentially decreasing their effectiveness.
Read the full Guar Gum + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionGum ArabicAcacia, acacia Gum, arabic Gum, +16 more Possible
What it is: Gum arabic is a soluble dietary fiber from the acacia tree that is widely used as a safe food additive and is sometimes taken as a supplemen...
Theoretically, gum arabic can alter the absorption of oral drugs due to its fiber content.
Read the full Gum Arabic + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionHesperidinAlpha-glucosyl Hesperidin, alpha-glucosylhesperidin, bioflavonoid, +8 more Possible
What it is: Hesperidin is a flavonoid found in citrus fruits that is often combined with diosmin and used for vein and circulation problems like hemorrh...
Theoretically, hesperidin might inhibit P-glycoprotein-mediated drug efflux and potentially increase levels of drugs that are substrates of P-glycoprotein.
Read the full Hesperidin + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionHigenamine Possible
What it is: Higenamine is a plant-based stimulant compound added to many weight-loss and pre-workout supplements, but there is very little human evidenc...
Theoretically, higenamine might increase the levels and clinical effects drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Higenamine + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionHorny Goat WeedEpimedium Grandiflorum, barrenwort, Épimède, +10 more Possible
What it is: Horny goat weed (Epimedium) is a traditional Chinese herb most often marketed for low libido and erectile problems, but solid human evidence...
Theoretically, horny goat weed might increase the effects and side effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Horny Goat Weed + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionHu Zhang Possible
What it is: Hu Zhang (Japanese knotweed root) is a traditional Chinese herb that is one of the richest natural sources of resveratrol and emodin.
Theoretically, hu zhang might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Hu Zhang + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionIbogaTabernanthe Iboga, bois Sacré, eboka Possible
What it is: Iboga is a Central African shrub whose root bark contains ibogaine, a powerful hallucinogenic compound studied mainly for addiction.
Theoretically, taking iboga with CYP2D6 inhibitors might increase the levels and clinical effects of ibogaine.
Read the full Iboga + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionIndian Long PepperPiper Longum, bi Ba, bi Bo, +17 more Possible
What it is: Indian long pepper (pippali) is a spice long used in Ayurvedic medicine and is best known for its piperine content, which may increase how w...
Theoretically, Indian long pepper might increase the effects and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Indian Long Pepper + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionKavaPiper Methysticum, ava Pepper, ava Root, +20 more Possible
What it is: Kava is a Pacific Island plant traditionally used to promote relaxation and ease anxiety, and some studies suggest it may help mild anxiety.
It is unclear if kava inhibits P-glycoprotein (P-gp); research is conflicting.
Read the full Kava + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionKratomMitragyna Speciosa, biak-biak, cratom, +16 more Possible
What it is: Kratom is a Southeast Asian plant whose leaves act on the brain's opioid receptors and can produce both stimulant-like and opioid-like effec...
CYP3A4 inhibitors might increase the concentrations and clinical effects of kratom's primary active alkaloid mitragynine.
Read the full Kratom + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionLemongrassCymbopogon Citratus, abafado, cana Santa, +17 more Possible
What it is: Lemongrass is a fragrant tropical grass widely used as a cooking herb, a tea, and an aromatherapy oil.
Theoretically, lemongrass might decrease the metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Lemongrass + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionLentinanBeta-glucan Lentinan, lentinane, lentinus Edodes Polysaccharide, +4 more Possible
What it is: Lentinan is a beta-glucan polysaccharide from shiitake mushrooms that is studied mainly as an immune-modulating add-on to cancer chemotherap...
Laboratory research suggests that lentinan might increase the activity of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4).
Read the full Lentinan + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionLicoriceGlycyrrhiza Echinate, alcacuz, bois Doux, +17 more Possible
What it is: Licorice root is a traditional remedy used for sore throats, coughs, and digestive complaints, but solid human evidence is limited for most...
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Licorice + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionLimeCitrus Aurantifolia, adam's Apple, bara Nimbu, +11 more Possible
What it is: Lime is a common citrus fruit and a good natural source of vitamin C and plant antioxidants.
Animal research shows that phenolics in lime juice inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4.
Read the full Lime + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionMethoxylated Flavones Possible
What it is: Methoxylated flavones (often called polymethoxyflavones) are a group of plant compounds, found mainly in citrus peel, that include substance...
In vitro evidence suggests that methoxylated flavones might inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4).
Read the full Methoxylated Flavones + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionMoringaMoringa Oleifera Possible
What it is: Moringa is a nutrient-rich plant whose leaves are widely used as a food and supplement, especially in parts of the world where malnutrition...
Theoretically, moringa might increase or decrease levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Moringa + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionNeemAzadirachta Indica, arishta, arishtha, +18 more Possible
What it is: Neem is a tree from India used for centuries in traditional medicine, especially for skin, dental, and antimicrobial purposes.
Theoretically, neem leaf extract might increase the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Neem + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionOregon GrapeMahonia Aquifolium, barberry, berberis, +13 more Possible
What it is: Oregon grape is a shrub whose root contains berberine and related compounds.
Theoretically, Oregon grape might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Oregon Grape + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionPadang Cassia Possible
What it is: Padang Cassia is a type of cinnamon (Indonesian or Korintje cinnamon) grown mainly in Indonesia and used widely as a kitchen spice.
In vitro research shows that a methanol extract of Padang cassia inhibits cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) activity.
Read the full Padang Cassia + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionPanax GinsengAsian Ginseng, asiatic Ginseng, chinese Ginseng, +12 more Possible
What it is: Panax ginseng is a popular traditional herb used to boost energy, ease stress, and support overall wellness, though scientific evidence is m...
Theoretically, Panax ginseng might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Panax Ginseng + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionPeonyPaeonia Lactiflora, bai Shao, chi Shao, +17 more Possible
What it is: Peony root is a traditional Chinese medicine herb often used for menstrual problems, cramps, and inflammation, frequently as part of combina...
Theoretically, use of peony may increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Peony + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionPeppermintMentha X Piperita, black Peppermint, brandy Mint, +12 more Possible
What it is: Peppermint is a popular herb with the best evidence supporting enteric-coated peppermint oil for easing IBS symptoms.
Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Peppermint + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionPhellodendronPhellodendron Amurense, amur Cork Bark, amur Cork Tree, +7 more Possible
What it is: Phellodendron is a traditional Chinese medicine bark (Huang Bai) that contains berberine and other plant compounds with antimicrobial and an...
Theoretically, phellodendron might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Phellodendron + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionPropolisAcide De Cire D'abeille, baume De Propolis, bee Glue, +12 more Possible
What it is: Propolis is a natural, resin-like substance made by bees that has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties in lab studies.
Theoretically, high doses of propolis might increase blood levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Propolis + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionQuercetin7-pentahydroxyflavone, bioflavonoid, bioflavonoid Complex, +9 more Possible
What it is: Quercetin is a plant flavonoid with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties found in many common foods and sold as a supplement.
Theoretically, concomitant use might alter the effects and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Quercetin + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionRabdosia RubescensRabdosia Rubescens, bing Ling Cao, blushred Rabdosia, +5 more Possible
What it is: Rabdosia rubescens is a Chinese herb traditionally used for sore throats, inflammation, and infections, and its compound oridonin has drawn...
In vitro research shows that oridonin, a constituent of Rabdosia rubescens, induces cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzyme.
Read the full Rabdosia Rubescens + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionRed Yeast RiceMonascus Purpureus, cholestin, hong Qu, +19 more Possible
What it is: Red yeast rice contains monacolin K, which is chemically identical to the prescription statin lovastatin, and it can lower LDL ('bad') chole...
Theoretically, drugs that inhibit the CYP3A4 enzymes might increase levels of lovastatin from red yeast rice.
Read the full Red Yeast Rice + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionResveratrolExtrait De Vin, extrait De Vin Rouge, kojo-kon, +16 more Possible
What it is: Resveratrol is a plant compound found in red grapes, berries, and peanuts that is popular for heart health, anti-aging, and antioxidant supp...
Theoretically, resveratrol might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Resveratrol + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionRhodiolaRhodiola Rosea, arctic Root, golden Root, +12 more Possible
What it is: Rhodiola is an herb traditionally used to fight fatigue and help the body cope with stress.
Theoretically, rhodiola might increase levels of P-glycoprotein substrates.
Read the full Rhodiola + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionRooibosAspalathus Linearis, green Red Bush, infusion Rooibos, +9 more Possible
What it is: Rooibos is a caffeine-free herbal tea from South Africa that is rich in antioxidants and generally considered safe as a beverage.
Theoretically, taking rooibos with CYP3A4 substrates may increase the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Rooibos + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionSageSalvia Officinalis, broadleaf Sage, common Sage, +14 more Possible
What it is: Sage is a common kitchen herb that is generally safe in food amounts and is traditionally used for sore throats, digestion, sweating, and me...
Theoretically, sage might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Sage + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionSassafrasSassafras Albidum, ague Tree, bois De Cannelle, +7 more Possible
What it is: Sassafras is an aromatic North American tree whose root bark and oil were once popular in teas and as a flavoring, but it contains safrole,...
In vitro research suggests that cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) inducers might increase the cytotoxicity of safrole.
Read the full Sassafras + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionSchizonepeta Possible
What it is: Schizonepeta is a mint-family herb long used in traditional Chinese medicine, usually as part of combination formulas for colds, fevers, and...
Animal research suggests that schizonepetin, a monoterpene constituent of schizonepeta, induces cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4.
Read the full Schizonepeta + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionSlippery ElmIndian Elm, moose Elm, olmo Americano, +7 more Possible
What it is: Slippery elm is a traditional herbal remedy made from the inner bark of a North American elm tree, used mainly to soothe sore throats and ir...
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionStrawberry Possible
What it is: Strawberry is a popular, nutrient-rich fruit that supplies vitamin C, fiber, and antioxidant plant compounds.
In vitro research suggests that strawberry extract can inhibit p-glycoprotein efflux.
Read the full Strawberry + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionSulforaphane Possible
What it is: Sulforaphane is a natural compound found in broccoli and other cruciferous vegetables that has shown promising antioxidant and anti-inflamma...
Theoretically, sulforaphane might increase the levels and effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Sulforaphane + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionSweet AnnieArtemisia Annua, absinthe Sauvage, ajenjo Silvestre, +11 more Possible
What it is: Sweet Annie (Artemisia annua) is the source of artemisinin, a compound used in prescription antimalarial drugs.
Sweet Annie may alter plasma levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Sweet Annie + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionSweet OrangeCitrus Sinensis, blood Orange, citri Sinensis, +14 more Possible
What it is: Sweet orange is a common citrus fruit that is a good source of vitamin C, fiber, and antioxidants, and is enjoyed as a food worldwide.
Sweet orange juice seems to modulate P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which might affect the blood levels of P-gp substrates.
Read the full Sweet Orange + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionSyrian Rue Possible
What it is: Syrian Rue (Peganum harmala) is a traditional plant whose seeds contain potent compounds called harmala alkaloids, including MAO-inhibiting...
Theoretically, Syrian rue might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Syrian Rue + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionTerminaliaTerminalia Arjuna, abhaya, amandier Indien, +19 more Possible
What it is: Terminalia is a group of traditional Ayurvedic tree species (most notably Terminalia arjuna) used for heart, digestive, and general wellness...
Theoretically, use of Terminalia arjuna may increase the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Terminalia + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionThunder God VineTripterygium Wilfordii, huang-t'eng Ken, lei Gong Teng, +8 more Possible
What it is: Thunder God Vine is a Chinese herb studied mainly for rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune conditions, with some promising but limited...
Theoretically, CYP3A4 inhibitors might increase the levels and adverse effects of thunder god vine constituents.
Read the full Thunder God Vine + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionTragacanthAdragante, astragale Adragant, astragale De Marseille, +14 more Possible
What it is: Tragacanth is a plant gum used mainly as a thickener and emulsifier in foods, cosmetics, and medicines, and traditionally to soothe the thro...
Theoretically, tragacanth might alter absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Tragacanth + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionTurmericCurcuma Longa, curcuma, curcumae Longa, +17 more Possible
What it is: Turmeric is a popular spice whose main active compounds, curcuminoids, are studied mostly for inflammation and joint pain.
Turmeric might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Turmeric + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionUva UrsiArctostaphylos Uva-ursi, arberry, arbousier, +16 more Possible
What it is: Uva ursi is a traditional herb used mainly for urinary tract infections, and its leaves contain a compound called arbutin that may have anti...
Theoretically, uva ursi may decrease the metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Uva Ursi + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionVitamin EAlpha-tocopherol, beta-tocopherol, delta-tocopherol, +1 more Possible
What it is: Vitamin E is an essential fat-soluble vitamin and antioxidant that most people get in adequate amounts from a normal diet.
Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin E + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionWhite Pepper Possible
What it is: White pepper comes from the same plant as black pepper and is mostly used as a kitchen spice.
In vitro evidence suggests that piperine, a constituent of white pepper, inhibits cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4).
Read the full White Pepper + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionWild CherryPrunus Serotine, american Black Cherry, bird Cherry, +12 more Possible
What it is: Wild cherry bark is a traditional cough remedy found in many old-fashioned cough syrups and lozenges, but there is little modern scientific...
In vitro research suggests that wild cherry can inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzymes.
Read the full Wild Cherry + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionZedoary Possible
What it is: Zedoary is a ginger-family root used in traditional Asian and Indian medicine, mostly for digestion and as a spice.
Theoretically, zedoary might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Zedoary + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionThyroid Extract Likely
What it is: Thyroid extract supplements are made from dried animal thyroid gland and may contain real thyroid hormones (T3 and T4), but the amounts in o...
Food and medications can interfere with thyroid hormone absorption.
Read the full Thyroid Extract + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionAegeline Possible
What it is: Aegeline is a compound originally identified in the bael tree (Aegle marmelos) that gained attention because it was added to some weight-los...
Aegeline inhibits cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) activity in vitro.
Read the full Aegeline + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionAgarAgar-agar, agarose, agarose Gel, +17 more Possible
What it is: Agar is a plant-based gel made from red seaweed that is widely used as a vegetarian alternative to gelatin and as a source of dietary fiber.
Agar forms a thick gel, which may disrupt the absorption of nutrients and medications.
Read the full Agar + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionAlginAlginate, alginate De Calcium, alginate De Magnésium, +12 more Possible
What it is: Algin (alginate) is a fiber-like substance from brown seaweed that is widely used as a thickener, gel, and binder in foods and medicines.
Theoretically, algin can alter the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Algin + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionAshwagandhaWithania Somnifera, ajagandha, amangura, +17 more Possible
What it is: Ashwagandha is an Ayurvedic herb most often taken to help with stress, anxiety, and sleep, and some small studies suggest it may help, thoug...
Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Ashwagandha + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionAtractylodesAtractylodes Lancea, amk, atr, +9 more Possible
What it is: Atractylodes is a root used for centuries in traditional Chinese, Japanese, and Thai medicine, mostly for digestive complaints and fatigue,...
Theoretically, atractylodes might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Atractylodes + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionBaelAegle Marmelos, arbre De Bael, bael Tree, +16 more Possible
What it is: Bael is a fruit-bearing tree long used in traditional Indian (Ayurvedic) medicine, mostly for digestive problems like diarrhea and indigesti...
Bael and its constituents marmelosin and marmesinin inhibited cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) activity in vitro.
Read the full Bael + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionBaikal SkullcapScutellaria Baicalensis, baikal Scullcap, baikal Skullcap Root, +16 more Possible
What it is: Baikal skullcap is a traditional Chinese herb (Huang Qin) used for inflammation, allergies, and infections, with active compounds like baica...
Theoretically, Baikal skullcap might increase levels of drugs transported by P-glycoprotein.
Read the full Baikal Skullcap + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionBlack PsylliumAfrican Plantain, brown Psyllium, dietary Fiber, +16 more Possible
What it is: Black psyllium is a soluble-fiber supplement made from the seeds of a Plantago plant, used mostly to ease constipation and support digestive...
Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Black Psyllium + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionBlond PsylliumPlantago Ovata, balle De Psyllium, blond Plantago, +14 more Possible
What it is: Blond psyllium is a soluble fiber from the seed husks of Plantago ovata, and it is one of the better-studied fiber supplements.
Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Blond Psyllium + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionBreadfruit Possible
What it is: Breadfruit is a starchy tropical fruit eaten as a staple food, and its leaves are used in traditional medicine for conditions like high bloo...
Theoretically, breadfruit might inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes; until more is known, use with caution.
Read the full Breadfruit + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionCarobCeratonia Siliqua, algarrobo, carob Flour, +16 more Possible
What it is: Carob is a Mediterranean tree whose pods are widely used as a caffeine-free, naturally sweet cocoa alternative and as a thickener (carob gum...
Theoretically, carob might also impair the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Carob + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionCascara SagradaFrangula Purshiana, rhamnus Purshiana, bitter Bark, +13 more Possible
What it is: Cascara sagrada is a stimulant laxative made from the aged bark of a Pacific Northwest tree, used mainly for short-term relief of constipati...
Theoretically, cascara sagrada might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Cascara Sagrada + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionFucus VesiculosusBlack Tang, bladder Fucus, bladder Wrack, +14 more Possible
What it is: Fucus vesiculosus (bladderwrack) is a brown seaweed rich in iodine that has been used traditionally for thyroid concerns, weight, and skin.
Theoretically, concomitant use of Fucus vesiculosus with CYP3A4 substrates might increase the risk for adverse effects.
Read the full Fucus Vesiculosus + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionHempCannabis Sativa, cheungsam, fiber Hemp, +14 more Possible
What it is: Hemp seeds and hemp seed oil are nutritious foods rich in protein, fiber, and healthy omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, and they are generall...
Theoretically, hemp might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Hemp + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionHibiscus SabdariffaHibiscus Sabdariffa, agua De Jamaica, ambashthaki, +16 more Possible
What it is: Hibiscus sabdariffa is a tart, cranberry-flavored plant most often consumed as a tea, and its best-studied use is for mildly lowering blood...
Theoretically, Hibiscus sabdariffa extract might reduce the metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Hibiscus Sabdariffa + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionHoneyBeri Honey, blossom Honey, buckwheat Honey, +13 more Possible
What it is: Honey is a natural food with some real, modest evidence for easing coughs and helping certain wounds, especially when special medical-grade...
Theoretically, honey might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but research is conflicting.
Read the full Honey + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionHopsHumulus Lupulus, asperge Sauvage, common Hops, +13 more Possible
What it is: Hops are most often used for sleep and mild anxiety, frequently combined with valerian, but the human evidence is limited and not very stron...
Theoretically, hops extract might alter metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates; however, this effect may not be clinically significant.
Read the full Hops + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionKaraya GumBassora Tragacanth, goma Karaya, gomme Karaya, +14 more Possible
What it is: Karaya gum is a natural plant gum from the Sterculia tree that is mostly used as a bulk-forming laxative and as a thickener or adhesive in f...
Co-administration of oral drugs with bulk forming laxatives such as karaya gum may decrease, increase, or have no effect on the absorption of drugs.
Read the full Karaya Gum + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionMarshmallowAlthaea Officinalis, altea, alteia, +16 more Possible
What it is: Marshmallow root is a traditional herb rich in soothing, gel-like fibers called mucilage, which is why it has long been used for coughs, sor...
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionMelatoninN-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine Possible
What it is: Melatonin is a hormone your body makes naturally to help control your sleep-wake cycle, and the supplement form is widely used to help with...
Theoretically, melatonin might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Melatonin + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionPassion FlowerPassiflora Incarnata, apricot Vine, burucuya, +18 more Possible
What it is: Passion flower is a traditional calming herb that many people use for anxiety and sleep.
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Passion Flower + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionPuravive Possible
What it is: Puravive is a branded, multi-ingredient capsule marketed mainly for weight loss by claiming to boost brown fat activity, but there is no pub...
Puravive contains Panax ginseng.
Read the full Puravive + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionSesame Possible
What it is: Sesame is a nutritious seed and oil widely used in cooking and traditional medicine, and it provides healthy fats, fiber, and antioxidant co...
Theoretically, sesame might alter the transport of P-glycoprotein substrates.
Read the full Sesame + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionValerianValeriana Officinalis, all-heal, amantilla, +10 more Possible
What it is: Valerian is an herb whose root is widely used as a natural sleep aid and for calming nerves.
Valerian does not seem to have a clinically relevant effect on levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Valerian + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionVitamin DErgocalciferol, cholecalciferol Possible
What it is: Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps your body absorb calcium and is important for healthy bones, muscles, and immune function.
Vitamin D might induce CYP3A4 enzymes and reduce the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Vitamin D + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionXanthan GumBacterial Polysaccharide, corn Sugar Gum, goma Xantana, +7 more Possible
What it is: Xanthan gum is a fermentation-made fiber widely used to thicken and stabilize foods and to thicken liquids for people with swallowing diffic...
Theoretically, xanthan gum can alter the absorption of oral drugs due to its fiber qualities.
Read the full Xanthan Gum + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionYerba MateIlex Paraguariensis, chimarrao, green Mate, +14 more Possible
What it is: Yerba mate is a caffeine-containing herbal beverage from South America that is widely enjoyed for its stimulating, coffee-like effects.
Theoretically, yerba mate might increase the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Yerba Mate + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionGymnemaGymnema Sylvestre, gimnema, gur-mar, +14 more Unlikely
What it is: Gymnema is an Ayurvedic herb best known for possibly helping lower blood sugar and reducing the taste of sweetness on the tongue.
Theoretically, gymnema might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Gymnema + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionHumann Superbeets Heart Chews Unlikely
What it is: SuperBeets Heart Chews are a beetroot- and grape-seed-based supplement marketed to support healthy blood flow, blood pressure, and nitric ox...
Each serving of HumanN SuperBeets includes 150mg of grape seed extract (2 chews).
Read the full Humann Superbeets Heart Chews + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionJequirityAbrus Precatorius, bead Vine, black-eyed Susan, +19 more Unlikely
What it is: Jequirity (Abrus precatorius) is a tropical plant whose bright red, black-tipped seeds contain abrin, one of the most toxic plant proteins k...
In vitro research shows that jequirity extract inhibits CYP3A4 enzymes.
Read the full Jequirity + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionMilk ThistleSilybum Marianum, artichaut Sauvage, blessed Milk Thistle, +12 more Unlikely
What it is: Milk thistle is a popular herbal supplement most often used for liver health, and its main active component is a group of compounds called s...
It is unclear if milk thistle inhibits CYP3A4; research is conflicting.
Read the full Milk Thistle + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionMommy's Bliss Gripe Water Unlikely
What it is: Mommy's Bliss Gripe Water is a sugar-free, alcohol-free liquid made with fennel and ginger that parents use to soothe gassy, colicky, or fus...
Mommy's Bliss Gripe Water contains fennel seed.
Read the full Mommy's Bliss Gripe Water + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionOstarine Unlikely
What it is: Ostarine (also called MK-2866 or enobosarm) is an experimental, unapproved drug known as a SARM (selective androgen receptor modulator), not...
Theoretically, concomitant use of ostarine with CYP3A4 inhibitors could increase the effects and adverse effects of ostarine, although this is unlikely to be clinically significant.
Read the full Ostarine + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionPolypodium Leucotomos Unlikely
What it is: Polypodium leucotomos is a fern extract taken by mouth, mostly studied as an add-on to (not a replacement for) sunscreen and for certain lig...
Theoretically, Polypodium leucotomos might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Polypodium Leucotomos + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionPomegranatePunica Granatum, anardana, dadim, +14 more Unlikely
What it is: Pomegranate is a nutrient-rich fruit that is high in antioxidants and is widely enjoyed as food and juice.
Theoretically, pomegranate might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but most research suggests this interaction is unlikely to be clinically significant.
Read the full Pomegranate + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionRed CloverTrifolium Pratense, beebread, clovone, +17 more Unlikely
What it is: Red clover is a plant rich in isoflavones (plant compounds with weak estrogen-like activity) that is most often used for menopause symptoms...
Theoretically, red clover might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4; however, a small clinical study found no effect.
Read the full Red Clover + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionTangerine Unlikely
What it is: Tangerine is a sweet citrus fruit that is a good source of vitamin C and other nutrients, and is widely enjoyed as food.
In vitro, tangeretin, a constituent of tangerine, induces a 52% increase in the metabolism of midazolam by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4).
Read the full Tangerine + Darunavir, Ritonavir interactionCan You Take It With Darunavir, Ritonavir?
One-line answers, one card per combination — scroll through today’s 20 and tap any card for the full report. A different set rotates in daily until every combination has had its turn.
Can you take Echinacea with Darunavir, Ritonavir?
Moderate Possibly, but carefully — this moderate-rated combination may need monitoring, a dose adjustment, or separated timing. Echinacea may induce hepatic CYP3A4 and inhibit intestinal CYP3A4.
Full Echinacea + Darunavir, Ritonavir answerCan you take Ashwagandha with Darunavir, Ritonavir?
Minor Usually — this is a minor-rated interaction, generally not clinically significant but worth mentioning to your pharmacist. Theoretically, ashwagandha might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Full Ashwagandha + Darunavir, Ritonavir answerCan you take Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (ghb) with Darunavir, Ritonavir?
Moderate Possibly, but carefully — this moderate-rated combination may need monitoring, a dose adjustment, or separated timing. Concomitant use of ritonavir and GHB may increase the risk of serious adverse effects.
Full Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (ghb) + Darunavir, Ritonavir answerCan you take Garlic with Darunavir, Ritonavir?
Moderate Possibly, but carefully — this moderate-rated combination may need monitoring, a dose adjustment, or separated timing. Theoretically, garlic products containing allicin might induce intestinal CYP3A4 and inhibit hepatic CYP3A4.
Full Garlic + Darunavir, Ritonavir answerCan you take German Chamomile with Darunavir, Ritonavir?
Moderate Possibly, but carefully — this moderate-rated combination may need monitoring, a dose adjustment, or separated timing. Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP3A4 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
Full German Chamomile + Darunavir, Ritonavir answerCan you take Ginger with Darunavir, Ritonavir?
Moderate Possibly, but carefully — this moderate-rated combination may need monitoring, a dose adjustment, or separated timing. Ginger might increase or decrease the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Full Ginger + Darunavir, Ritonavir answerCan you take Ginkgo with Darunavir, Ritonavir?
Moderate Possibly, but carefully — this moderate-rated combination may need monitoring, a dose adjustment, or separated timing. Theoretically, ginkgo might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Full Ginkgo + Darunavir, Ritonavir answerCan you take Goji with Darunavir, Ritonavir?
Moderate Possibly, but carefully — this moderate-rated combination may need monitoring, a dose adjustment, or separated timing. Theoretically, goji berry might inhibit CYP3A4 and reduce metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates.
Full Goji + Darunavir, Ritonavir answerCan you take Goldthread with Darunavir, Ritonavir?
Moderate Possibly, but carefully — this moderate-rated combination may need monitoring, a dose adjustment, or separated timing. There's very preliminary evidence that berberine, a constituent of goldthread, might inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzyme.
Full Goldthread + Darunavir, Ritonavir answerCan you take Grape with Darunavir, Ritonavir?
Moderate Possibly, but carefully — this moderate-rated combination may need monitoring, a dose adjustment, or separated timing. It is unclear if grape seed extract inhibits or induces CYP3A4; research is conflicting.
Full Grape + Darunavir, Ritonavir answerCan you take Green Tea with Darunavir, Ritonavir?
Moderate Possibly, but carefully — this moderate-rated combination may need monitoring, a dose adjustment, or separated timing. Green tea might increase the levels and adverse effects of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrates.
Full Green Tea + Darunavir, Ritonavir answerCan you take Guar Gum with Darunavir, Ritonavir?
Moderate Possibly, but carefully — this moderate-rated combination may need monitoring, a dose adjustment, or separated timing. Guar gum might reduce the absorption of some oral drugs, potentially decreasing their effectiveness.
Full Guar Gum + Darunavir, Ritonavir answerCan you take Gum Arabic with Darunavir, Ritonavir?
Moderate Possibly, but carefully — this moderate-rated combination may need monitoring, a dose adjustment, or separated timing. Theoretically, gum arabic can alter the absorption of oral drugs due to its fiber content.
Full Gum Arabic + Darunavir, Ritonavir answerCan you take Hesperidin with Darunavir, Ritonavir?
Moderate Possibly, but carefully — this moderate-rated combination may need monitoring, a dose adjustment, or separated timing. Theoretically, hesperidin might inhibit P-glycoprotein-mediated drug efflux and potentially increase levels of drugs that are substrates of...
Full Hesperidin + Darunavir, Ritonavir answerCan you take Higenamine with Darunavir, Ritonavir?
Moderate Possibly, but carefully — this moderate-rated combination may need monitoring, a dose adjustment, or separated timing. Theoretically, higenamine might increase the levels and clinical effects drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Full Higenamine + Darunavir, Ritonavir answerCan you take Horny Goat Weed with Darunavir, Ritonavir?
Moderate Possibly, but carefully — this moderate-rated combination may need monitoring, a dose adjustment, or separated timing. Theoretically, horny goat weed might increase the effects and side effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Full Horny Goat Weed + Darunavir, Ritonavir answerCan you take Hu Zhang with Darunavir, Ritonavir?
Moderate Possibly, but carefully — this moderate-rated combination may need monitoring, a dose adjustment, or separated timing. Theoretically, hu zhang might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Full Hu Zhang + Darunavir, Ritonavir answerCan you take Iboga with Darunavir, Ritonavir?
Moderate Possibly, but carefully — this moderate-rated combination may need monitoring, a dose adjustment, or separated timing. Theoretically, taking iboga with CYP2D6 inhibitors might increase the levels and clinical effects of ibogaine.
Full Iboga + Darunavir, Ritonavir answerCan you take Indian Long Pepper with Darunavir, Ritonavir?
Moderate Possibly, but carefully — this moderate-rated combination may need monitoring, a dose adjustment, or separated timing. Theoretically, Indian long pepper might increase the effects and adverse effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Full Indian Long Pepper + Darunavir, Ritonavir answerCan you take Kava with Darunavir, Ritonavir?
Moderate Possibly, but carefully — this moderate-rated combination may need monitoring, a dose adjustment, or separated timing. It is unclear if kava inhibits P-glycoprotein (P-gp); research is conflicting.
Full Kava + Darunavir, Ritonavir answerWhat Severity, Likelihood & Evidence Mean
Severity — How Serious It Can Be
- Major. Clinically significant; generally best avoided, or used only under direct professional supervision.
- Moderate. May need monitoring, a dose adjustment, or separating the times you take each one.
- Minor. Generally not clinically significant, but still worth noting and mentioning to your pharmacist.
- No known interaction. Checked against our sources with nothing documented — not the same as proven safety.
Likelihood — How Well It’s Documented
- Likely. Well-controlled human studies have demonstrated the likely existence of this interaction
- Probable. Interaction has not been documented in well-controlled studies, however, the interaction has been demonstrated in some small human studies or in controlled animal studies in conjunction with multiple case reports.
- Possible. Interaction has been documented in animal or in lab research, or the interaction has been documented in humans but is limited to case reports or conflicting clinical research exists
- Unlikely. Interaction has been demonstrated in animal or in lab research but has been shown not to occur in humans.
Where This Data Comes From
- Interaction records are evidence-graded and sourced from the Natural Medicines database (TRC Healthcare), the same reference used by pharmacists and hospitals.
- Each entry links to a full report with the clinical detail, likelihood, evidence level, and citations for that exact combination.
- Content is reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists — see our data sources and editorial standards.
How Does Our Interaction Checker Work?
Behind every verdict on this page is a category system. Our source database doesn’t document supplement interactions drug-by-drug — it documents them against groups of medications that behave the same way (for example, “drugs processed by the CYP3A4 liver enzyme” or “blood-thinning medications”).
So the check works in three steps: (1) Darunavir, Ritonavir is classified into the pharmacology categories it belongs to, (2) every supplement interaction documented against any of those categories is inherited by Darunavir, Ritonavir, and (3) each ingredient keeps its own severity, likelihood, and evidence grades from the underlying record. That’s why one supplement can carry several records for one drug — it may interact through more than one category.
Darunavir, Ritonavir sits in 11 interaction categories. Open any one to see what the group means:
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates 121 ingredients
A drug-metabolism group: these medications are processed by the named liver enzyme (a cytochrome P450). Supplements that speed this enzyme up or slow it down can lower or raise the medication's levels in your body.
121 of the supplement ingredients on this page reach Darunavir, Ritonavir through this category.
P-Glycoprotein Substrates 37 ingredients
A drug-transport group: these medications are moved in and out of cells by the P-glycoprotein pump. Supplements that affect the pump can change how much of the drug is absorbed or kept in the body.
37 of the supplement ingredients on this page reach Darunavir, Ritonavir through this category.
Oral Drugs 17 ingredients
A pharmacology grouping from our source database: medications in this group share a property that certain supplements are known to interact with, so an interaction documented for the group applies to every drug in it.
17 of the supplement ingredients on this page reach Darunavir, Ritonavir through this category.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Inhibitors 13 ingredients
A drug-metabolism group: these medications are processed by the named liver enzyme (a cytochrome P450). Supplements that speed this enzyme up or slow it down can lower or raise the medication's levels in your body.
13 of the supplement ingredients on this page reach Darunavir, Ritonavir through this category.
Ritonavir (Norvir) 4 ingredients
A pharmacology grouping from our source database: medications in this group share a property that certain supplements are known to interact with, so an interaction documented for the group applies to every drug in it.
4 of the supplement ingredients on this page reach Darunavir, Ritonavir through this category.
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Inhibitors 3 ingredients
A drug-metabolism group: these medications are processed by the named liver enzyme (a cytochrome P450). Supplements that speed this enzyme up or slow it down can lower or raise the medication's levels in your body.
3 of the supplement ingredients on this page reach Darunavir, Ritonavir through this category.
Lopinavir/Ritonavir (Kaletra) 3 ingredients
A pharmacology grouping from our source database: medications in this group share a property that certain supplements are known to interact with, so an interaction documented for the group applies to every drug in it.
3 of the supplement ingredients on this page reach Darunavir, Ritonavir through this category.
Protease Inhibitors (Pis) 2 ingredients
A pharmacology grouping from our source database: medications in this group share a property that certain supplements are known to interact with, so an interaction documented for the group applies to every drug in it.
2 of the supplement ingredients on this page reach Darunavir, Ritonavir through this category.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Inducers 1 ingredient
A drug-metabolism group: these medications are processed by the named liver enzyme (a cytochrome P450). Supplements that speed this enzyme up or slow it down can lower or raise the medication's levels in your body.
1 of the supplement ingredient on this page reaches Darunavir, Ritonavir through this category.
Darunavir (Prezista) 1 ingredient
A pharmacology grouping from our source database: medications in this group share a property that certain supplements are known to interact with, so an interaction documented for the group applies to every drug in it.
1 of the supplement ingredient on this page reaches Darunavir, Ritonavir through this category.
Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir (Paxlovid) 1 ingredient
A pharmacology grouping from our source database: medications in this group share a property that certain supplements are known to interact with, so an interaction documented for the group applies to every drug in it.
1 of the supplement ingredient on this page reaches Darunavir, Ritonavir through this category.
Take a Supplement Product? Check the Whole Bottle Against Darunavir, Ritonavir
Most supplements are combination products — and the interaction may come from an ingredient you didn’t buy it for. Search any product below (or scan its label) and we’ll check every ingredient on it against Darunavir, Ritonavir.
Search a supplement product
Type a product name, brand, or UPC — smart search across our full catalog.
Grounded search over our product catalog — every verdict comes from our interaction database, never AI guesswork. How we use AI
Or scan the bottle
Photograph any Supplement Facts panel — we read the ingredients and check each one against your medications. Free, in seconds.
Prefer typing? The interaction checker looks up products by name too.
Products that contain Darunavir, Ritonavir-interacting ingredients
Real supplements from the NIH label database that contain the top interacting ingredients on this page — each one is worth a full label check before combining with Darunavir, Ritonavir.
Darunavir, Ritonavir & Supplements: Common Questions
What supplements interact with Darunavir, Ritonavir?
Which Darunavir, Ritonavir supplement interactions are the most serious?
Can I take vitamins or supplements while on Darunavir, Ritonavir?
Do brands like Darunavir, Ritonavir have the same supplement interactions as Darunavir, Ritonavir?
Where do these interaction ratings come from?
What about Darunavir, Ritonavir and my other medications?
Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
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Where This Data Comes From — and Why You Can Trust It
🧪 Licensed clinical database
Every interaction verdict on this page comes from Natural Medicines Pro (TRC Healthcare / Therapeutic Research) — the same evidence-graded reference used by pharmacists and hospitals. We license this data directly; we do not scrape it, and no AI invents an interaction.
🧑⚕️ Pharmacist review
This page is curated and coded by Dr. Brian Staiger, PharmD, BCPS, Clinical Pharmacist, with additional analysis by the HelloPharmacist Pharmacist Team. Editorial commentary is ours; the licensed interaction records are shown as sourced.
🔄 Kept current
Our interaction database refreshes on a weekly cycle, and this page re-checks the live database every time it’s rebuilt — what you see reflects the database as of September 18, 2026.
🔍 Full transparency
How every dataset on this site is sourced, licensed, and updated is documented publicly: our data sources · editorial policy · how we use AI.
Educational information, not medical advice. An interaction being on file does not mean it will happen to you — and absence of one is not proof of safety. Never start or stop a medication or supplement without talking to your pharmacist or doctor.