European Buckthorn Drug Interactions, Uses, Effectiveness, Safety & More
What is this page for?
First and foremost: how European Buckthorn interacts with medications. The heart of this page is the interaction list — every drug European Buckthorn is known to interact with, and how serious each one is.
But these pages have grown well beyond that into a full monograph — what European Buckthorn is, what people use it for and how strong the evidence is, its safety and side effects, and answers to the questions we’re asked most — written and reviewed by the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases, not medical advice, and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Check European Buckthorn against your medication
Add one medicationEuropean Buckthorn Drug Interactions: The Bottom Line
From the HelloPharmacist Editorial Team · Updated July 2026Based on the available evidence, European Buckthorn drug interactions carry a moderate overall risk for most people, mainly tied to its strong laxative effect and especially with overuse. Nearly all of the listed interactions are rated moderate, with one major concern involving a heart medication.
The interaction that deserves the most attention involves digoxin, a heart medicine with a narrow safety margin; heavy use of European Buckthorn can lower potassium, which may make digoxin more toxic. Potassium-depleting diuretics such as furosemide raise a similar concern, since combining them could compound potassium loss. People taking warfarin should also be careful, because the diarrhea this supplement can cause may strengthen warfarin's effect and raise bleeding risk. Pairing it with other stimulant laxatives can add to fluid and electrolyte loss.
A long interaction list here does not mean every combination is dangerous. Almost all of these concerns trace back to one shared mechanism, the supplement's laxative action, and most are theoretical or based on limited evidence rather than proven harm in people. The risk rises mainly with overuse or long-term heavy use rather than occasional, modest amounts.
Based on HelloPharmacist’s European Buckthorn interaction data and reviewed under our editorial standards.
Drugs that interact with European Buckthorn
99 medications have a known interaction with European Buckthorn, graded by severity. Select any drug for the full evidence-based detail.
1 major interaction. These combinations can be clinically significant — best avoided, or used only with close professional supervision. Always check with your pharmacist before combining them with European Buckthorn.
Don’t want to scroll the list? Just ask.
Tell us the medications you take and we’ll check each one against European Buckthorn using our pharmacist-reviewed interaction data.
AI summaries are generated from our European Buckthorn interaction data for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
No drugs match “”.
DigoxinDigitek, Lanoxicaps, Lanoxin
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Digoxin interaction Digoxin drug page: uses, dosage & side effectsAcetaminophen, Caffeine, PyrilamineMidol Max Strength Menstrual
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionAcetaminophen, Pamabrom, PyrilamineMidol Max Strength PMS, Pamprin, Pamprin ES
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Acetaminophen, Pamabrom, Pyrilamine interactionAcetazolamideAk-Zol, Diamox
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Acetazolamide interaction Acetazolamide drug page: uses, dosage & side effectsAmiloride, HydrochlorothiazideAmil-Co, Amilzide, Moduret 25, Moduretic
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Amiloride, Hydrochlorothiazide interaction Amiloride, Hydrochlorothiazide drug page: uses, dosage & side effectsAmmonium ChlorideAmmonium Chloride
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Ammonium Chloride interactionArmodafinilNuvigil
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Armodafinil interaction Armodafinil drug page: uses, dosage & side effectsAtenolol, ChlortalidoneAtenixCo, Tenoret 50, Totaretic
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Atenolol, Chlortalidone interactionAtenolol, ChlorthalidoneTenoretic
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Atenolol, Chlorthalidone interactionAzilsartan, ChlorthalidoneEdarbyclor
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Azilsartan, Chlorthalidone interactionBenazepril, HydrochlorothiazideLotensin HCT
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Benazepril, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionBendroflumethiazideAprinox, Naturetin, Neo-NaClex
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Bendroflumethiazide interactionBendroflumethiazide, NadololCorzide
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Bendroflumethiazide, Nadolol interactionBendroflumethiazide, PotassiumCentyl K, Neo-NaClex-K
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Bendroflumethiazide, Potassium interactionBendroflumethiazide, Rauwolfia SerpentinaRauzide
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Bendroflumethiazide, Rauwolfia Serpentina interactionBenzthiazideExna
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Benzthiazide interactionBisacodylDulcolax, Gentlax
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Bisacodyl interaction Bisacodyl drug page: uses, dosage & side effectsBisacodyl, DocusateDulcolax Laxative Tabs
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Bisacodyl, Docusate interactionBisoprolol, HydrochlorothiazideZiac
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Bisoprolol, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionBumetanideBurinex
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Bumetanide interaction Bumetanide drug page: uses, dosage & side effectsBumetanide, PotassiumBurinex K
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Bumetanide, Potassium interactionCaffeine, Potassium Salicylate, SalicylamideTrim-Elim
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Caffeine, Potassium Salicylate, Salicylamide interactionCandesartan Cilexetil, HydrochlorothiazideAtacand HCT
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Candesartan Cilexetil, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionCaptopril, HydrochlorothiazideAcezide, Capozide
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Captopril, Hydrochlorothiazide interaction Captopril, Hydrochlorothiazide drug page: uses, dosage & side effectsCasanthranolDoxidan Liquid Gels
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Casanthranol interactionCasanthranol, DocusateDoxidan
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Casanthranol, Docusate interactionCasanthranol, Docusate PotassiumDialose Plus
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Casanthranol, Docusate Potassium interactionCasanthranol, Docusate SodiumPeri-Colace
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Casanthranol, Docusate Sodium interactionCastor Oil (otc Drug)Purge
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Castor Oil (otc Drug) interactionChlorothiazideDiuril
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Chlorothiazide interaction Chlorothiazide drug page: uses, dosage & side effectsChlorothiazide, MethyldopaAldochlor, Aldoclor 150, Aldoclor 250
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Chlorothiazide, Methyldopa interactionChlorothiazide, ReserpineDiupres
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Chlorothiazide, Reserpine interactionChlorthalidoneHygroton, Thalitone
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Chlorthalidone interaction Chlorthalidone drug page: uses, dosage & side effectsChlorthalidone, ClonidineClorpres, Combipres
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Chlorthalidone, Clonidine interactionCryptenamine, MethyclothiazideDiutensen
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Cryptenamine, Methyclothiazide interactionCyclothiazideAnhydron, Fluidil
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Cyclothiazide interactionDanthron , DocusateCo-Danthrusate (UK)
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Danthron , Docusate interactionDehydrocholic AcidDecholin
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Dehydrocholic Acid interactionDehydrocholic Acid , DocusateBilax
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Dehydrocholic Acid , Docusate interactionDeserpidine, HydrochlorothiazideOreticyl, Oreticyl Forte
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Deserpidine, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionDeserpidine, MethyclothiazideEnduronyl, Enduronyl Forte
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Deserpidine, Methyclothiazide interactionDocusate Calcium, PhenolphthaleinDoxidan (Canadian)
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Docusate Calcium, Phenolphthalein interactionDocusate Sodium, PhenolphthaleinCorrectol, Modane Plus
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Docusate Sodium, Phenolphthalein interaction Docusate Sodium, Phenolphthalein drug page: uses, dosage & side effectsDocusate Sodium, Sennosides (otc Drug)Senokot-S
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Docusate Sodium, Sennosides (otc Drug) interactionEnalapril Maleate, HydrochlorothiazideVaseretic
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Enalapril Maleate, Hydrochlorothiazide interaction Enalapril Maleate, Hydrochlorothiazide drug page: uses, dosage & side effectsEthacrynic AcidEdecrin
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Ethacrynic Acid interaction Ethacrynic Acid drug page: uses, dosage & side effectsFosinopril, HydrochlorothiazideMonopril HCT
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Fosinopril, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionFurosemideLasix
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Furosemide interaction Furosemide drug page: uses, dosage & side effectsFurosemide, PotassiumDiumide-K Continus, Lasikal
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Furosemide, Potassium interactionGuanethidine, HydrochlorothiazideEsimil
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Guanethidine, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionHydralazine, HydrochlorothiazideApresazide, Apresoline-Esidrix
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Hydralazine, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionHydralazine, Hydrochlorothiazide, ReserpineSer-Ap-Es, Unipres, Uniserp
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Hydralazine, Hydrochlorothiazide, Reserpine interactionHydrochlorothiazideAquazide, Aquazide H, Esidrix, HCTZ, Hydro, Hydro-D +3 more
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Hydrochlorothiazide interaction Hydrochlorothiazide drug page: uses, dosage & side effectsHydrochlorothiazide, IrbesartanAvalide
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Hydrochlorothiazide, Irbesartan interactionHydrochlorothiazide, LabetalolTrandate HCT
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Hydrochlorothiazide, Labetalol interactionHydrochlorothiazide, LisinoprilPrinzide, Zestoretic
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Hydrochlorothiazide, Lisinopril interaction Hydrochlorothiazide, Lisinopril drug page: uses, dosage & side effectsHydrochlorothiazide, Losartan PotassiumHyzaar
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Hydrochlorothiazide, Losartan Potassium interactionHydrochlorothiazide, MethyldopaAldoril 15, Aldoril 25, Aldoril D30, Methazide
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Hydrochlorothiazide, Methyldopa interactionHydrochlorothiazide, MetoprololLopressor HCT
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Hydrochlorothiazide, Metoprolol interactionHydrochlorothiazide, MoexiprilUniretic
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Hydrochlorothiazide, Moexipril interactionHydrochlorothiazide, PindololViskazide
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Hydrochlorothiazide, Pindolol interactionHydrochlorothiazide, PropranololInderide
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Hydrochlorothiazide, Propranolol interactionHydrochlorothiazide, QuinaprilAccuretic
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Hydrochlorothiazide, Quinapril interactionHydrochlorothiazide, ReserpineHydropres, Serpasil-Esidrix, Serpasil-Esidrix #1, Serpasil-Esidrix #2
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Hydrochlorothiazide, Reserpine interactionHydrochlorothiazide, SpironolactoneAldactazide, Aldactide 25, Aldactide 50, Spirozine
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Hydrochlorothiazide, Spironolactone interactionHydrochlorothiazide, TimololTimolide
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Hydrochlorothiazide, Timolol interactionHydrochlorothiazide, TriamtereneDyazide, Maxzide, Maxzide-25, Triamzide, Triazide
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Hydrochlorothiazide, Triamterene interactionHydrochlorothiazide, ValsartanDiovan HCT
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Hydrochlorothiazide, Valsartan interactionHydroflumethiazideSaluron
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Hydroflumethiazide interactionHydroflumethiazide, ReserpineSalutensin, Salutensin-Demi
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Hydroflumethiazide, Reserpine interactionIndapamideLozide, Lozol
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Indapamide interaction Indapamide drug page: uses, dosage & side effectsIrbesartan, HydrochlorothiazideCoAprovel
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Irbesartan, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionMagnesium Hydroxide (otc Drug)Milk of Magnesia (MOM)
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Magnesium Hydroxide (otc Drug) interactionMannitolBronchitol, Osmitrol
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Mannitol interactionMethazolamideNeptazane
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Methazolamide interaction Methazolamide drug page: uses, dosage & side effectsMethyclothiazideAquatensen, Enduron
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Methyclothiazide interaction Methyclothiazide drug page: uses, dosage & side effectsMethyclothiazide, PargylineEutron
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Methyclothiazide, Pargyline interactionMethyclothiazide, ReserpineDiutensen-R
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Methyclothiazide, Reserpine interactionMetolazoneDiulo, Mykrox, Zaroxolyn
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Metolazone interaction Metolazone drug page: uses, dosage & side effectsPhenolphthaleinEvac-Q-Tab, Modane, Modane Mild
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Phenolphthalein interactionPolythiazideRenese
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Polythiazide interactionPolythiazide, PrazosinMinizide
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Polythiazide, Prazosin interactionPolythiazide, ReserpineRenese R
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Polythiazide, Reserpine interactionPsyllium , Senna (otc Drug)Perdiem
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Psyllium , Senna (otc Drug) interactionPsyllium Hydrophilic Mucilloid , Senna (otc Drug)Prodiem Plus
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Psyllium Hydrophilic Mucilloid , Senna (otc Drug) interactionPsyllium Hydrophilic Mucilloid , Sennosides (otc Drug)Prompt
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Psyllium Hydrophilic Mucilloid , Sennosides (otc Drug) interactionQuinethazoneHydromox
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Quinethazone interactionQuinethazone, ReserpineHydromox R
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Quinethazone, Reserpine interactionReserpine, TrichlormethiazideMetatensin #2, Metatensin #4, Naquival
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Reserpine, Trichlormethiazide interactionSacubitril, ValsartanEntresto
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Sacubitril, Valsartan interaction Sacubitril, Valsartan drug page: uses, dosage & side effectsSennosides (otc Drug)Senokot, Senokot XTRA
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Sennosides (otc Drug) interaction Sennosides (otc Drug) drug page: uses, dosage & side effectsSodium Picosulfate, Citric Acid, Magnesium Oxide (otc Drug)Pico-Salax
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Sodium Picosulfate, Citric Acid, Magnesium Oxide (otc Drug) interactionSpironolactoneAldactone, Carospir, Spiroton
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Spironolactone interaction Spironolactone drug page: uses, dosage & side effectsTheobromineTheobromine
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Theobromine interactionTorsemideDemadex, Soaanz
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Torsemide interaction Torsemide drug page: uses, dosage & side effectsTrichlormethiazideAq 4B Aquazide, Marazide II, Metahydrin, Naqua
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Trichlormethiazide interactionUreaUreaphil
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Urea interactionWarfarinWarfarin
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects, which can cause diarrhea in some people.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Warfarin interaction Warfarin drug page: uses, dosage & side effectsWarfarin SodiumCoumadin, Panwarfin, Sofarin
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects, which can cause diarrhea in some people.
Read the full European Buckthorn + Warfarin Sodium interaction Warfarin Sodium drug page: uses, dosage & side effectsWhat Severity, Likelihood & Evidence Mean
Severity — How Serious It Can Be
- Major. Clinically significant; generally best avoided, or used only under direct professional supervision.
- Moderate. May need monitoring, a dose adjustment, or separating the times you take each one.
- Minor. Generally not clinically significant, but still worth noting and mentioning to your pharmacist.
- No known interaction. Checked against our sources with nothing documented — not the same as proven safety.
Likelihood — How Well It’s Documented
- Likely. Well-controlled human studies have demonstrated the likely existence of this interaction
- Probable. Interaction has not been documented in well-controlled studies, however, the interaction has been demonstrated in some small human studies or in controlled animal studies in conjunction with multiple case reports.
- Possible. Interaction has been documented in animal or in lab research, or the interaction has been documented in humans but is limited to case reports or conflicting clinical research exists
- Unlikely. Interaction has been demonstrated in animal or in lab research but has been shown not to occur in humans.
Where This Data Comes From
- Interaction records are evidence-graded and sourced from the Natural Medicines database (TRC Healthcare), the same reference used by pharmacists and hospitals.
- Each drug listed above links to the full report for that exact European Buckthorn combination — clinical detail, likelihood, evidence level, and citations.
- Content is reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists — see our data sources and editorial standards.
The kinds of drugs European Buckthorn affects
Every type of medication (drug category) European Buckthorn is known to interact with. Open any category for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects. Theoretically, the overuse or abuse of European buckthorn might increase the toxicity of cardiac glycoside drugs.
Diuretic Drugs
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects. Theoretically, overuse of European buckthorn might compound diuretic-induced potassium loss. There is some concern that taking European buckthorn along with potassium-depleting diuretics might increase the risk for hypokalemia.
Some diuretics that can deplete potassium include chlorothiazide (Diuril), chlorthalidone (Thalitone), furosemide (Lasix), hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ, Hydrodiuril, Microzide), and others.
Stimulant Laxatives
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects. Concomitant use with stimulant laxative medications might compound fluid and electrolyte loss.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
European buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects, which can cause diarrhea in some people. Diarrhea can increase the effects of warfarin, which can increase the international normalized ratio (INR) and the risk of bleeding. Advise patients who take warfarin not to take excessive amounts of European buckthorn.
European Buckthorn: Uses, Safety & Side Effects
European Buckthorn is a shrub whose bark and berries contain compounds that act as a strong, irritant-type laxative. Because it can cause cramping, fluid and electrolyte loss, and the berries can be toxic if eaten raw, it is rarely recommended today and safer constipation options are usually preferred. Talk to a pharmacist or doctor before using it.
- Scientific name
- Rhamnus cathartica
- Family
- Rhamnaceae
- Part used
- Bark and berries (fruit)
- Common forms
- Dried bark, tinctures, teas, and liquid extracts (rarely sold as a modern standardized supplement)
- Constipation
- Occasional laxative use
- Digestive complaints
- Traditional 'detox' remedies
Popular and traditional uses — not proof it works. See “Uses & effectiveness” below for the evidence.
It is a harsh stimulant laxative and raw berries can be toxic, so use only with professional guidance.
Pregnancy & breastfeeding ratings are from Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center). Safety guidance is general; always confirm with your pharmacist or doctor for your situation.
Overview
European Buckthorn (often linked to the plant Rhamnus cathartica) is a thorny shrub or small tree native to Europe, parts of Asia, and northern Africa. It has also spread to North America, where it is often considered an invasive weed.
The bark and the small dark berries have a long history of folk use as a strong laxative. Today it is much less common than related plants like cascara or senna, and it is not a mainstream supplement. When sold, it usually appears as dried bark, teas, or liquid extracts.
It is easy to confuse European Buckthorn with sea buckthorn (Hippophae), which is a completely different plant used for its oil and vitamins. They are not the same, and this monograph is about the laxative buckthorn, not sea buckthorn.
How it works
European Buckthorn contains anthraquinone-type compounds (such as glycosides related to emodin). These are the same broad family of substances found in other stimulant laxatives.
In the gut, these compounds are thought to irritate the lining of the large intestine and increase muscle contractions, which speeds up movement and produces a bowel movement. They may also affect how the bowel handles water and salts.
Much of this understanding comes from laboratory studies and research on related laxative plants rather than large human trials of European Buckthorn itself. The unripe or raw berries can also contain compounds that cause more severe stomach and intestinal irritation.
Does European Buckthorn work?
How to read these evidence grades
Natural Medicines’ 7-point scale. We show each rating’s label word-for-word.
Possibly Effective Constipation
Taking European buckthorn orally has stimulant laxative effects in constipation and appears to be comparable to the gentler laxative effects of cascara.
Source & disclaimer. Effectiveness ratings and evidence summaries are provided by Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) and shown as licensed. Where Natural Medicines hasn’t rated a use, HelloPharmacist’s pharmacists may add their own reviewed rating and evidence (each such entry is labeled). This is educational information, not medical advice — talk with your pharmacist or doctor before starting, stopping, or changing a supplement.
Safety & precautions
European Buckthorn is a harsh stimulant laxative, so it should be used cautiously and not for long periods. Raw or unripe berries can be toxic and cause severe vomiting and diarrhea.
Stimulant laxatives should generally be avoided by people with abdominal pain of unknown cause, bowel blockage, inflammatory bowel disease, appendicitis-like symptoms, or severe dehydration. Children and older adults are more vulnerable to fluid and electrolyte problems.
For pregnancy, stimulant laxatives like buckthorn are generally not recommended and should be avoided. For breastfeeding, laxative compounds may pass into milk and could affect the infant, so it is best avoided. In both cases, choose a safer, doctor-approved option instead.
Because of the toxicity risk and lack of standardization, always speak with a pharmacist or doctor before using any buckthorn product.
Side effects
The most common side effects are stomach cramps, abdominal pain, nausea, and diarrhea. Eating raw berries can cause more intense vomiting and watery diarrhea.
Using stimulant laxatives too often or for too long can lead to dehydration, loss of important electrolytes like potassium, and dependence on laxatives to have a normal bowel movement. Severe electrolyte loss can affect the heart and muscles.
Stop using it and seek medical care if you have severe or lasting belly pain, blood in the stool, signs of dehydration, or no bowel movement at all after use.
European Buckthorn: Reported Adverse Effects
Documented safety reports on European Buckthorn from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database, shown word-for-word from the licensed record.
Orally, European buckthorn seems to be well tolerated, short term. It can cause abdominal pain, cramps, or watery diarrhea. Chronic use or abuse of the berry can lead to potassium depletion, albuminuria, and hematuria. Potassium depletion can lead to disturbed heart function and muscle weakness. Chronic use can cause pseudomelanosis coli (pigment spots in intestinal mucosa) which is harmless, usually reverses with discontinuation, and is not associated with an increased risk of developing colorectal adenoma or carcinoma.
- McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
- Blumenthal M, ed. The Complete German Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. Trans. S. Klein. Boston, MA: American Botanical Council, 1998.
- Nusko G, Schneider B, Schneider I, et al. Anthranoid laxative use is not a risk factor for colorectal neoplasia: results of a prospective case control study. Gut 2000;46:651-5.
Albuminuria Renal
Orally, chronic use or abuse of the berry from European buckthorn can lead to albuminuria and hematuria.
- Blumenthal M, ed. The Complete German Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. Trans. S. Klein. Boston, MA: American Botanical Council, 1998.
Colorectal adenoma Gastrointestinal
Orally, European buckthorn can cause abdominal pain, cramps, or watery diarrhea. Chronic use can cause pseudomelanosis coli (pigment spots in intestinal mucosa) which is harmless, usually reverses with discontinuation, and is not associated with an increased risk of developing colorectal adenoma or carcinoma.
- McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
- Blumenthal M, ed. The Complete German Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. Trans. S. Klein. Boston, MA: American Botanical Council, 1998.
- Nusko G, Schneider B, Schneider I, et al. Anthranoid laxative use is not a risk factor for colorectal neoplasia: results of a prospective case control study. Gut 2000;46:651-5.
Adverse-effects data: Natural Medicines, Therapeutic Research Center
Dosing
There is no well-established, standardized dose for European Buckthorn supplements, and the strength of homemade preparations can vary widely. This is one reason it is hard to use safely.
If a product is used at all, it should be a properly labeled commercial preparation, taken exactly as directed and only for short-term use. Do not eat the raw berries.
Because of the toxicity and lack of reliable dosing, the safest step is to check with a pharmacist or doctor first and consider better-studied constipation treatments instead.
European Buckthorn & Pregnancy
European Buckthorn & Breastfeeding
© 2026 Therapeutic Research Center
Pregnancy & lactation ratings: Natural Medicines, Therapeutic Research Center
References & further reading
The 7 references that drive our European Buckthorn monograph and interaction data, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Citations with a link open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
- Blumenthal M, ed. The Complete German Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. Trans. S. Klein. Boston, MA: American Botanical Council, 1998.
- Tyler VE. Herbs of Choice. Binghamton, NY: Pharmaceutical Products Press, 1994.
- Newall CA, Anderson LA, Philpson JD. Herbal Medicine: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. London, UK: The Pharmaceutical Press, 1996.
- Schulz V, Hansel R, Tyler VE. Rational Phytotherapy: A Physician's Guide to Herbal Medicine. Terry C. Telger, transl. 3rd ed. Berlin, GER: Springer, 1998.
- McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
- Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
- Nusko G, Schneider B, Schneider I, et al. Anthranoid laxative use is not a risk factor for colorectal neoplasia: results of a prospective case control study. Gut 2000;46:651-5. PubMed
This information is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always check with your pharmacist or doctor before starting, stopping, or combining supplements and medications.
Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.
DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.
© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC
Brands that make products with European Buckthorn
12 brands in our database make a supplement containing European Buckthorn.
Supplement products with European Buckthorn
20 products in our database contain European Buckthorn. Open any to see its full ingredient list and every drug interaction we check.
European Buckthorn: Common Questions
What is European Buckthorn used for, and does it work?
Does European Buckthorn interact with prescription medications?
How are European Buckthorn interactions rated?
Is it safe to take European Buckthorn with my medications?
Where does this European Buckthorn interaction information come from?
What is European Buckthorn used for?
Is European Buckthorn the same as sea buckthorn?
Are buckthorn berries safe to eat?
Can I take European Buckthorn while pregnant or breastfeeding?
Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
Products that contain European Buckthorn
A rotating sample of real supplements in our database that list European Buckthorn — open any to see its full ingredients and every drug interaction we check.
- David Winston's Gentlelax by Herbalist & Alchemist
- Colon Cleanse by ANTIAGING Institute of California
- WOW by Roex
- Cleanse by Custom Health Centers
- Natural Cleanse Tablets by Viva Vitamins
- Buckthorn Bark Extract by BulkSupplements.com
- Buckthorn Bark Extract by BulkSupplements.com
- Colon Cleanse Formula by SuperSmart
- Buckthorn Bark Extract by BulkSupplements.com
- Colon Cleanse by Success Chemistry
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