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Gamboge Drug Interactions, Uses, Safety & More

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Gamboge Drug Interactions: The Bottom Line

From the HelloPharmacist Editorial Team · Updated July 2026

Based on the available evidence, the overall risk of a clinically significant Gamboge drug interaction appears modest for most people, especially with occasional, sensible use. None of the listed interactions are rated major, and every one is theoretical, resting on limited or lab-based evidence rather than documented effects in people.

Interactions deserving the most attention

The concerns that deserve the most attention all trace back to one thing: gamboge acts as a strong stimulant laxative, and overuse can drain fluid and potassium from the body. That matters most with warfarin, where diarrhea could raise INR and bleeding risk, with digoxin, where low potassium can increase the chance of toxicity, and with potassium-depleting diuretics, where the losses could add up. Corticosteroids and other stimulant laxatives raise the same potassium and fluid concern.

What the rest of the list means

Although the number of listed medications is large, nearly all of them share this single predicted mechanism rather than separate proven problems. None of these effects have been confirmed in well-controlled human studies, so the list describes what could happen with heavy or prolonged use, not what has been shown to happen with typical use.

Check your medications against Gamboge

Based on HelloPharmacist’s Gamboge interaction data and reviewed under our editorial standards.

Interaction report

Drugs that interact with Gamboge

122 medications have a known interaction with Gamboge, graded by severity. Select any drug for the full evidence-based detail.

2,830 drugs
Acetaminophen, Caffeine, PyrilamineMidol Max Strength Menstrual› Acetaminophen, Pamabrom, PyrilamineMidol Max Strength PMS, Pamprin, Pamprin ES› AcetazolamideAk-Zol, Diamox› Amiloride, HydrochlorothiazideAmil-Co, Amilzide, Moduret 25, Moduretic› Ammonium ChlorideAmmonium Chloride› ArmodafinilNuvigil› Atenolol, ChlortalidoneAtenixCo, Tenoret 50, Totaretic› Atenolol, ChlorthalidoneTenoretic› Azelastine Hydrochloride, Fluticasone PropionateDymista› Azilsartan, ChlorthalidoneEdarbyclor› Beclometasone DipropionateBecotide› BeclomethasoneBeclovent, Vanceril› Beclomethasone DipropionateQNASL, Qvar› Benazepril, HydrochlorothiazideLotensin HCT› BendroflumethiazideAprinox, Naturetin, Neo-NaClex› Bendroflumethiazide, NadololCorzide› Bendroflumethiazide, PotassiumCentyl K, Neo-NaClex-K› Bendroflumethiazide, Rauwolfia SerpentinaRauzide› BenzthiazideExna› BetamethasoneCelestone, Diprolene AF, Diprosone› Betamethasone DipropionateSernivo› Betamethasone Dipropionate, CalcipotrieneEnstilar, Wynzora› Betamethasone ValerateLuxiq› BisacodylDulcolax, Gentlax› Bisacodyl, DocusateDulcolax Laxative Tabs› Bisoprolol, HydrochlorothiazideZiac› BudesonideEntocort EC, Eohilia, Pulmicort, Tarpeyo, Uceris› BumetanideBurinex› Bumetanide, PotassiumBurinex K› Caffeine, Potassium Salicylate, SalicylamideTrim-Elim›
Read The List Like a Pharmacist

What Severity, Likelihood & Evidence Mean

Severity — How Serious It Can Be

  • Major. Clinically significant; generally best avoided, or used only under direct professional supervision.
  • Moderate. May need monitoring, a dose adjustment, or separating the times you take each one.
  • Minor. Generally not clinically significant, but still worth noting and mentioning to your pharmacist.
  • No known interaction. Checked against our sources with nothing documented — not the same as proven safety.

Likelihood — How Well It’s Documented

  • Likely. Well-controlled human studies have demonstrated the likely existence of this interaction
  • Probable. Interaction has not been documented in well-controlled studies, however, the interaction has been demonstrated in some small human studies or in controlled animal studies in conjunction with multiple case reports.
  • Possible. Interaction has been documented in animal or in lab research, or the interaction has been documented in humans but is limited to case reports or conflicting clinical research exists
  • Unlikely. Interaction has been demonstrated in animal or in lab research but has been shown not to occur in humans.

Where This Data Comes From

  • Interaction records are evidence-graded and sourced from the Natural Medicines database (TRC Healthcare), the same reference used by pharmacists and hospitals.
  • Each drug listed above links to the full report for that exact Gamboge combination — clinical detail, likelihood, evidence level, and citations.
  • Content is reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists — see our data sources and editorial standards.
The big picture

The kinds of drugs Gamboge affects

Every type of medication (drug category) Gamboge is known to interact with. Open any category for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

All 5 drug categories Gamboge interacts with
CorticosteroidsDigoxin (lanoxin)Diuretic DrugsStimulant LaxativesWarfarin (coumadin)
Corticosteroids

Theoretically, prolonged use might have additive effects with drugs that deplete potassium, including corticosteroids.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Digoxin (Lanoxin)

Theoretically, overuse of gamboge could decrease potassium levels, increasing the risk of toxicity for cardiac glycoside drugs such as digoxin (Lanoxin).

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Diuretic Drugs

Overuse of gamboge might compound diuretic-induced potassium loss. There is some concern that people taking gamboge along with potassium depleting diuretics might have an increased risk for hypokalemia. Initiation of potassium supplementation or an increase in potassium supplement dose may be necessary for some patients.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Stimulant Laxatives

Concomitant use of gamboge with stimulant laxatives may increase the risk of fluid and electrolyte loss.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Gamboge has stimulant laxative effects. In some people gamboge can cause diarrhea. Diarrhea can increase the effects of warfarin, increase international normalized ratio (INR), and increase the risk of bleeding. Advise patients who take warfarin not to take excessive amounts of gamboge.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Monograph

Gamboge: Uses, Safety & Side Effects

The bottom line

Gamboge is a bright yellow tree resin used historically as a strong laxative and as an artists' pigment, but it is toxic in even modest amounts and is not a safe dietary supplement. Modern interest centers on its compound gambogic acid in laboratory cancer research, which does not make the raw resin safe to take. We recommend avoiding oral use of gamboge.

Scientific name
Garcinia hanburyi
Family
Clusiaceae
Part used
Dried resin (gum-resin) from the bark/latex
Common forms
Resin powder, traditional pills, paint pigment (not a typical modern supplement)
People commonly use it for
  • Laxative (purgative)
  • Expelling intestinal worms
  • Traditional wound care
  • Use as a yellow dye/pigment

Popular and traditional uses — not proof it works. See “Uses & effectiveness” below for the evidence.

Safety at a glance
OverallBest avoided

Gamboge resin is a harsh purgative and can be toxic when swallowed.

PregnancyPossibly Unsafe

When used orally; avoid using.

Read the full pregnancy detail
BreastfeedingPossibly Unsafe

When used orally; avoid using.

Read the full breastfeeding detail

Pregnancy & breastfeeding ratings are from Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center). Safety guidance is general; always confirm with your pharmacist or doctor for your situation.

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Overview

Gamboge is a bright yellow-to-orange gum-resin that comes from trees in the Garcinia family, especially Garcinia hanburyi. These trees grow in Southeast Asia, including parts of Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam. The resin is collected by tapping the tree, much like collecting latex, and then drying the sticky sap.

Historically, gamboge has had two very different jobs. Artists and crafters have used it for centuries as a brilliant yellow pigment for paints, dyes, and varnishes. In traditional medicine, small amounts were used as a powerful laxative and to try to expel intestinal worms.

Today, gamboge is not a common dietary supplement. Most modern attention focuses on a chemical it contains called gambogic acid, which is being studied in the laboratory. Raw gamboge resin itself is considered toxic and is not recommended for self-treatment.

Uses & effectiveness

People have traditionally used gamboge mainly as a strong purgative (laxative) and to get rid of intestinal worms. It was also applied to wounds and used as a coloring agent. These are traditional uses, not proven treatments.

The evidence supporting gamboge for any health condition is very limited and weak. There are no reliable human studies showing it safely treats any disease. Its strong laxative effect is real but comes with a high risk of harmful side effects, which is why it has largely fallen out of medical use.

Much of today's research looks at gambogic acid, a single compound from the resin, in test-tube and animal studies of cancer cells. This early laboratory work is interesting to scientists, but it is not evidence that taking gamboge resin helps treat cancer or any other condition in people. We cannot recommend gamboge based on current evidence.

How it works

Gamboge contains a group of compounds called caged xanthones, the best known of which is gambogic acid. The resin also has irritant substances that act directly on the gut.

Its laxative effect is thought to come from the resin irritating the lining of the intestines, which speeds up bowel movements and draws water into the gut. This same irritating action is part of why it can be harmful.

In laboratory studies, gambogic acid has been shown to affect cell growth and trigger cell death in cancer cells grown in dishes. These findings come almost entirely from test-tube and animal research, so we do not know whether they apply to people or whether a safe and effective dose even exists.

Safety & precautions

Gamboge should be considered unsafe to swallow. Even fairly small amounts can cause violent diarrhea, vomiting, and stomach cramps, and larger amounts can be poisonous. Because of this, it is not sold as a standard dietary supplement and we recommend against using it.

Pregnancy: Avoid gamboge. Its strong purgative effect and overall toxicity could be dangerous to both mother and baby.

Breastfeeding: Avoid gamboge. There is no safety information, and the resin's toxicity makes it a poor choice while nursing.

Children, older adults, and anyone with digestive, kidney, or liver problems should not use it. If you have purchased gamboge as an art pigment, keep it well away from food, children, and pets. Always talk with a pharmacist or doctor before using any unfamiliar herbal product.

Side effects

The most common effects of swallowing gamboge come from its harsh action on the gut. These include:

  • Severe diarrhea
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Stomach pain and cramping
  • Dehydration from fluid loss

In larger amounts, gamboge can be poisonous and may lead to serious illness. Because of these risks, any unexpected symptoms after exposure should prompt a call to a poison control center or doctor right away.

Gamboge: Reported Adverse Effects

Documented safety reports on Gamboge from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database, shown word-for-word from the licensed record.

Orally, abdominal pain and vomiting have been reported with gamboge at doses as low as 200 mg. Deaths have been reported after ingestion of 4 grams of gamboge.

  1. Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
Reports by condition
Myasthenia gravis Gastrointestinal

Orally, abdominal pain and vomiting have been reported with gamboge at doses as low as 200 mg.

  1. Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
DISCLAIMER: This tool is intended for informational purposes only, and should not be interpreted as specific medical advice. Patients should consult with a qualified healthcare provider before making decisions about therapies and/or health conditions.

Adverse-effects data: Natural Medicines, Therapeutic Research Center

Dosing

There is no established safe dose of gamboge for any health use, and we do not provide one. Because the resin is considered toxic and is not a recognized supplement, there are no reliable, standardized products with proven dosing.

If you ever encounter a product that contains gamboge, do not take it without first talking to a pharmacist or doctor. In general, our recommendation is to avoid oral use entirely and choose safer, well-studied options for problems like constipation.

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding

Gamboge & Pregnancy

Possibly Unsafe

When used orally; avoid using.

  1. Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.

Gamboge & Breastfeeding

Possibly Unsafe

When used orally; avoid using.

  1. Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
DISCLAIMER: This tool is intended for informational purposes only, and should not be interpreted as specific medical advice. Patients should consult with a qualified healthcare provider before making decisions about therapies and/or health conditions.

© 2026 Therapeutic Research Center

Pregnancy & lactation ratings: Natural Medicines, Therapeutic Research Center

References & further reading

The 2 references that drive our Gamboge monograph and interaction data, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Citations with a link open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

  1. Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
  2. Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
Keep reading

This information is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always check with your pharmacist or doctor before starting, stopping, or combining supplements and medications.

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Gamboge: Common Questions

Does Gamboge interact with prescription medications?
Yes. We list 122 medications with a known interaction with Gamboge. Use the checker above to see how Gamboge interacts with a specific drug.
How are Gamboge interactions rated?
Each interaction is graded major, moderate, or minor based on how clinically significant it is and the strength of the evidence behind it. Major interactions are the most serious and are best avoided, or used only under close professional supervision.
Is it safe to take Gamboge with my medications?
It depends on the specific medication. Some combinations are fine, while others call for monitoring, timing changes, or should be avoided. Check your exact drug above and confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before starting, stopping, or changing anything.
Where does this Gamboge interaction information come from?
Our interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database — an evidence-graded reference for vitamins, herbs, and supplements — and is reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists, who may add clinical context.
What is Gamboge used for?
Traditionally it was used as a strong laxative, to expel intestinal worms, and as a bright yellow dye or paint pigment. None of these medicinal uses are supported by good modern evidence, and it is considered toxic to swallow.
Is Gamboge safe to take?
No. Gamboge resin is a harsh purgative that can cause severe diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration, and it can be poisonous in larger amounts. We recommend avoiding oral use.
Can Gamboge treat cancer?
There is no evidence that Gamboge treats cancer in people. A compound from it, gambogic acid, is being studied in laboratory and animal research only, which does not make the raw resin a safe or proven treatment.
Can I take Gamboge during pregnancy or while breastfeeding?
No. Because of its strong laxative effect and toxicity, and the lack of safety data, Gamboge should be avoided during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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