Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

5 Defenders Capsules Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Real Mushrooms

5 Defenders Capsules label
See full label image
Capsule Category: Botanical With Nutrients
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking 5 Defenders Capsules against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

5 Defenders Capsules is a dietary supplement by Real Mushrooms with 6 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for immune support, fatigue and general well-being, stress and sleep.Based on those ingredients, 696 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Reishi Mushroom Extract, Chaga Extract, Shiitake Mushroom Extract. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

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Check Your Meds Against 5 Defenders Capsules by Real Mushrooms

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with 5 Defenders Capsules by Real Mushrooms — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of 5 Defenders Capsules by Real Mushrooms

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 1 of its 6 active ingredients.
  • “Organic 5 Defenders Extract” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (1,000 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

5 Defenders Capsules contains six active mushroom extracts in a blend: reishi, maitake, shiitake, chaga, turkey tail, and beta-1,3-1,6-glucan (a compound derived from mushroom cell walls). These are traditional medicinal mushrooms used to support immune and cardiovascular health.

The capsules also contain four inactive ingredients—hypromellose, silicon dioxide, microcrystalline cellulose, and stearic acid—which are fillers and binders that help form and preserve the capsule.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: Immune support and general wellness.
  • We looked for evidence on: Common cold, Influenza, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Hepatitis, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C — and 4 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Turkey Tail Mushroom is rated "Possibly Effective" for Cancer (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Maitake Mushroom is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), Chemotherapy-related fatigue, HIV/AIDS, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
  • Also on file: Turkey Tail Mushroom is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), Hepatitis.

The evidence for these extracts is mixed. Beta-glucan stands out as likely effective for high cholesterol (dyslipidemia) and heart disease risk reduction based on clinical research.

For the other mushrooms—reishi, maitake, shiitake, chaga, and turkey tail—the evidence varies. Turkey tail is possibly effective for certain cancers; reishi is rated possibly ineffective for high cholesterol; and the rest lack enough reliable evidence for most of the conditions studied.

Many of the effectiveness claims made about mushroom supplements rest on insufficient evidence in the data we hold.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Reishi Mushroom Maitake Mushroom Shiitake Mushroom Beta-glucans Chaga Turkey Tail Mushroom

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 6 of the 6 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 6 of 6.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 6 of 6.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

All six extracts are generally well tolerated when taken short-term, though long-term safety data are limited for most of them. The most common side effects are mild gastrointestinal—nausea, diarrhea, stomach upset—and some people report dizziness, dry mouth, itching, rash, or headache.

Rare but serious risks include respiratory allergies to mushroom spores, skin reactions (especially with raw shiitake, which can cause a distinctive rash), and in excessive chaga use, kidney problems from its high oxalate content. During pregnancy, the safety data advise against reishi, maitake, chaga, and turkey tail.

For shiitake and beta-glucan in concentrated supplement form, there isn't enough data to know either way—talk with your doctor or pharmacist. Breastfeeding carries the same caution for all six ingredients.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Reishi Mushroom Maitake Mushroom Shiitake Mushroom Beta-glucans Chaga Turkey Tail Mushroom

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 6 of the 6 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Maitake Mushroom, Turkey Tail Mushroom, Shiitake Mushroom, Reishi Mushroom, Beta-glucans, among others.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; diabetes medications.
  • For scale: 696 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking 5 Defenders, double-check if you're on blood thinners like warfarin or aspirin, blood pressure medications, diabetes drugs, or immune-suppressing drugs—all carry Moderate-severity interactions. If you take the chemotherapy drug cyclophosphamide or the breast cancer drug tamoxifen, or any drugs metabolized by the liver enzymes CYP2D6 or CYP2C9, check those specifically with your pharmacist.

Use the interaction checker on this page for your exact medications.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

5 Defenders Capsules is a blend designed to support immune and heart health, and beta-glucan does have good evidence for cholesterol and heart disease. However, the product carries multiple Moderate-severity interactions, particularly with blood thinners, blood pressure drugs, blood sugar medications, and immune-suppressing drugs used after transplants.

If you take any prescription medications—especially these categories—check them against our interaction tool before you start. Talk with your pharmacist to see if this product fits your health plan.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 6 of 6 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Oct 24, 2024.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about 5 Defenders Capsules, straight from the product label.

Brand Real Mushrooms
Barcode (UPC) 628110068019
Net contents 90 Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Oct 24, 2024
DSLD ID 312715
Product type Botanical With Nutrients
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Vegan, Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free, Dairy Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for 5 Defenders Capsules by Real Mushrooms, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
2 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
2 Capsule(s)
Servings per container
45
UPC/BARCODE
628110068019
IngredientAmount% DV
Organic 5 Defenders Extract1000 mg--
Reishi Mushroom Extract0 NP--
Maitake Mushroom extract0 NP--
Shiitake Mushroom Extract0 NP--
Beta-1,3-1,6-Glucan200 mg--
Chaga Extract0 NP--
Turkey Tail Mushroom Extract0 NP--

Other ingredients: Hypromellose, Silicon Dioxide, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Stearic Acid

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formulation

Our quality commitment to you 3rd party lab verified for quality

Our guarantee: This product is verified for active compounds.

There are no added starch, grains or mycelium.

Vegan

Gluten free Non GMO

Immune strength

Quality grown Verified for active compounds

Formula

Contains hot water and dual extracts for improved bioavailability Guaranteed potency: 20% beta-glucans per capsule

Mushroom extract powder

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested use: Adults take 2 capsules per day.

Storage

Storage: Store in a cool dry place with the lid securely closed.

Precautions

Warning: Keep out of reach of children.

Consult a physician if you are pregnant or nursing; have or had a medical condition; or are taking prescription drugs.

Warning: Consuming this product can expose you to chemicals including lead, which is known to the State of California to cause birth defects or reproductive harm. For more information, go to www.P65Warnings.ca.gov. Learn more at realmushrooms.com/prop-65

May contain stearic acid.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

General Statements

NPN# 80090823

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Seals/Symbols

Vegan

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

5 Defenders Capsules by Real Mushrooms label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

5 Defenders Capsules label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in 5 Defenders Capsules by Real Mushrooms

These are the 6 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size2 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container45 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Other (inactive) ingredients: Hypromellose, Silicon Dioxide, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Stearic Acid. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

5 Defenders Capsules by Real Mushrooms Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against 5 Defenders Capsules?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
696Drugs
654 Moderate 42 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Reishi Mushroom Extract 375
Chaga Extract 327
Shiitake Mushroom Extract 312
Beta-1,3-1,6-Glucan 293
Maitake Mushroom extract 260

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in 5 Defenders Capsules interact with 696 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

6 of the 6 ingredients in 5 Defenders Capsules interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Reishi Mushroom Extract Chaga Extract Shiitake Mushroom Extract Beta-1,3-1,6-Glucan Maitake Mushroom extract Turkey Tail Mushroom Extract

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in 5 Defenders Capsules with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Reishi Mushroom Extract3 drug types · 375 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, high doses of reishi mushroom might increase the risk of bleeding.
A dose of 1.5 grams daily of reishi mushroom does not seem to decrease platelet aggregation, but a higher dose of 3 grams daily does.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, reishi mushroom might have additive effects with antidiabetes drugs.
Animal research suggests that reishi mushroom decreases blood sugar. However, in patients with type 2 diabetes, taking reishi mushroom does not reduce fasting glucose levels, and its effects on glycated hemoglobin are inconsistent.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, concurrent use of reishi mushroom with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Reishi mushroom has shown hypotensive activity in animal research. Clinical evidence suggests that reishi mushroom reduces blood pressure in some, but not all, patients with hypertension.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Reishi Mushroom Extract full monograph & interactions

Chaga Extract3 drug types · 327 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, chaga may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro and animal research suggests that chaga extract can inhibit platelet aggregation. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking chaga with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Animal research suggests that chaga might decrease blood glucose levels and increase insulin levels. This has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Immunosuppressants

Theoretically, chaga might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
In vitro research suggests that certain constituents of chaga stimulate immune function. This has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Chaga Extract full monograph & interactions

Shiitake Mushroom Extract2 drug types · 312 drugs

Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates

Theoretically, shiitake mushroom might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
In vitro studies suggest that the shiitake mushroom extract AHCC might induce the CYP2D6 enzyme. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Immunosuppressants

Theoretically, taking shiitake mushroom might decrease the effects of immunosuppressive therapy.
In vitro evidence suggests that shiitake mushroom extracts stimulate immune function.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Shiitake Mushroom Extract full monograph & interactions

Beta-1,3-1,6-Glucan2 drug types · 293 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, taking beta-glucans with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Clinical research shows that taking beta-glucans may reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure in some hypertensive individuals.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Immunosuppressants

Theoretically, beta-glucans might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Some clinical research shows that beta-glucans have immunostimulant effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Beta-1,3-1,6-Glucan full monograph & interactions

Maitake Mushroom extract3 drug types · 260 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, combining maitake mushroom with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Clinical research shows that taking maitake mushroom polysaccharide (MMP) can lower blood glucose levels in patients with types 2 diabetes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, combining maitake mushroom with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Animal research shows that maitake mushroom can lower blood pressure.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

There is limited evidence that maitake mushroom may increase the anticoagulant effects of warfarin.
In a case report, a patient previously stabilized on warfarin developed an elevated international normalized ratio (INR) of 5.1 after taking maitake mushroom (Grifron-Pro Maitake D-Fraction) 1 drop/kg daily in three divided doses for one week. The elevated INR resolved after holding warfarin for two days, then reducing the dose by 11%. It is thought that the beta-glucan constituent of maitake mushroom might cause warfarin dissociation from proteins, resulting in increased free warfarin levels and increased warfarin effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Maitake Mushroom extract full monograph & interactions

Turkey Tail Mushroom Extract4 drug types · 187 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking turkey tail mushroom with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Animal research suggests that turkey tail mushroom and a polysaccharide component can have hypoglycemic effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cyclophosphamide

Theoretically, the polysaccharide peptide (PSP) component of turkey tail mushroom might increase exposure to cyclophosphamide.
Some animal research shows that the PSP component of turkey tail mushroom can increase the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of cyclophosphamide by 44% to 50% and the half-life by 34% to 43%. This interaction could potentially increase the effects and adverse effects of cyclophosphamide. However, it is not known whether PSP affects the levels of the active metabolites of cyclophosphamide that are responsible for its clinical activity.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tamoxifen (Nolvadex)

Theoretically, the polysaccharide peptide (PSP) component of turkey tail mushroom might interfere with the absorption of tamoxifen.
Animal research suggests that PSP increases the time to reach maximum concentration of a single dose of tamoxifen by about 9.5 hours, or 228%. When repeated doses of tamoxifen were given, the time to reach maximum concentration was increased by about 5.6 hours, or 93%. However, PSP did not affect the maximum concentration or the area under the curve of tamoxifen.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Theoretically, the polysaccharide peptide (PSP) component of turkey tail mushroom might inhibit CYP2C9.
Laboratory research suggests that the PSP component of turkey tail mushroom dose-dependently inhibits CYP2C9. Theoretically, taking PSP with drugs metabolized by CYP2C9 might increase drug levels and the risk of adverse effects. However, this has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Turkey Tail Mushroom Extract full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for 5 Defenders Capsules, from the product label.

Real Mushrooms

See all Real Mushrooms products
Name
Real Mushrooms Inc.
Street Address
908 17 Ave SW, Suite 303
City
Calgary
ZipCode
AB T2T 0A3
Phone Number
1-800-263-4387
Web Address
realmushrooms.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

5 Defenders Capsules by Real Mushrooms: Common Questions

Does 5 Defenders Capsules by Real Mushrooms interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, 5 Defenders Capsules has a known interaction with 696 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
5 Defenders Capsules contains 6 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is it safe to take this during pregnancy or while breastfeeding?
The safety data advise against reishi, maitake, chaga, and turkey tail during pregnancy and breastfeeding because there isn't enough research. For shiitake and beta-glucan in concentrated supplement form, there's not enough information to say either way. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist before using this product if you're pregnant or nursing.
What's the difference between these mushrooms—why five in one capsule?
Each mushroom is traditionally used for different aspects of immune and heart health. The idea behind a blend is to combine their effects, though the evidence for most of them is limited. Beta-glucan does have strong evidence for cholesterol and heart disease; the others have less research or mixed results.
What are the most common side effects?
Mild gastrointestinal upset—nausea, diarrhea, or stomach discomfort—is most common. Some people also report dizziness, dry mouth, itching, or rash. Serious side effects are rare but can include respiratory allergy to mushroom spores, especially in people who handle them regularly, and skin reactions from raw shiitake.
Does this product actually work for what it claims?
The evidence is strongest for beta-glucan and heart health—it's rated likely effective for lowering cholesterol and reducing heart disease risk. Turkey tail is possibly effective for certain cancers. The others—reishi, maitake, shiitake, and chaga—either have insufficient evidence or, in reishi's case, are rated possibly ineffective for the conditions we have data on.
Can I take this if I'm on blood thinners or blood pressure medication?
These mushrooms may lower blood pressure further or increase bleeding risk, so you need to check with your pharmacist first. Don't start this product on your own if you're on those medications—use the interaction tool on this page to review your specific drugs, and talk with your pharmacist before deciding.
What inactive ingredients are in the capsules?
The capsules contain hypromellose (the capsule shell), silicon dioxide, microcrystalline cellulose, and stearic acid. These are standard fillers and binders that help hold the capsule together; they have no active effects.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

5 Defenders Capsules label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind 5 Defenders Capsules’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Reishi Mushroom

Interacts with 375 drugs

Reishi is a traditional Asian mushroom widely used to support the immune system and overall wellness. Human evidence for most of its claimed benefits is limited or low-quality, so it should...

Read the full Reishi Mushroom monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Maitake Mushroom

Interacts with 260 drugs

Maitake is an edible mushroom long used as food and in traditional Japanese medicine, and it is being studied for possible immune, blood sugar, and blood pressure effects. The human evidence...

Read the full Maitake Mushroom monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Shiitake Mushroom

Interacts with 312 drugs

Shiitake is a popular edible mushroom that is nutritious and safe to eat as food for most people. Some of its extracts (like lentinan and AHCC) have been studied as immune support, mainly al...

Read the full Shiitake Mushroom monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Beta-glucans

Interacts with 293 drugs

Beta-glucans are natural fibers found in oats, barley, mushrooms, and yeast. The strongest evidence supports the oat and barley types for modestly lowering cholesterol and blood sugar, while...

Read the full Beta-glucans monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Chaga

Interacts with 327 drugs

Chaga is a fungus that grows mostly on birch trees and is used as a tea or supplement, mainly for immune and antioxidant support. Human evidence for its benefits is very limited, and it may...

Read the full Chaga monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Turkey Tail Mushroom

Interacts with 187 drugs

Turkey tail is a woodland mushroom rich in polysaccharides like beta-glucans, and it is mainly used to support the immune system. Some of its purified extracts (PSK and PSP) have been studie...

Read the full Turkey Tail Mushroom monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

5 Defenders Capsules's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 127 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Reishi Mushroom 17 references
  1. McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
  2. Tao J, Feng KY. Experimental and clinical studies on inhibitory effect of ganoderma lucidum on platelet aggregation. J Tongji Med Univ 1990;10:240-3. PubMed
  3. Singh AB, Gupta SK, Pereira BM, Prakash D. Sensitization to Ganoderma lucidum in patients with respiratory allergy in India. Clin Exp Allergy 1995;25:440-7.
  4. Lee SY, Rhee HM. Cardiovascular effects of mycelium extract of Ganoderma lucidum: inhibition of sympathetic outflow as a mechanism of its hypotensive action. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1990;38:1359-64. PubMed
  5. Kwok Y, Ng KFJ, Li, CCF, et al. A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the platelet and global hemostatic effects of Ganoderma lucidum (Ling-Zhi) in healthy volunteers. Anesth Analg 2005;101:423-6. PubMed
  6. Wanmuang, H., Leopairut, J., Kositchaiwat, C., Wananukul, W., and Bunyaratvej, S. Fatal fulminant hepatitis associated with Ganoderma lucidum (Lingzhi) mushroom powder. J Med Assoc Thai. 2007;90(1):179-181.
  7. Seto, S. W., Lam, T. Y., Tam, H. L., Au, A. L., Chan, S. W., Wu, J. H., Yu, P. H., Leung, G. P., Ngai, S. M., Yeung, J. H., Leung, P. S., Lee, S. M., and Kwan, Y. W. Novel hypoglycemic effects of Ganoderma lucidum water-extract in obese/diabetic (+db/+db
  8. Chu, T. T., Benzie, I. F., Lam, C. W., Fok, B. S., Lee, K. K., and Tomlinson, B. Study of potential cardioprotective effects of Ganoderma lucidum (Lingzhi): results of a controlled human intervention trial. Br.J.Nutr. 2012;107(7):1017-1027.
  9. Jin, X., Ruiz, Beguerie J., Sze, D. M., and Chan, G. C. Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi mushroom) for cancer treatment. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2012;6:CD007731.
  10. Kabir, Y., Kimura, S., and Tamura, T. Dietary effect of Ganoderma lucidum mushroom on blood pressure and lipid levels in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). J Nutr Sci Vitaminol.(Tokyo) 1988;34(4):433-438. PubMed
  11. Kanmatsuse, K., Kajiwara, N., Hayashi, K., Shimogaichi, S., Fukinbara, I., Ishikawa, H., and Tamura, T. [Studies on Ganoderma lucidum. I. Efficacy against hypertension and side effects]. Yakugaku Zasshi 1985;105(10):942-947. PubMed
  12. Gao, Y., Lan, J., Dai, X., Ye, J., and Zhou, S. A Phase I/II Study of Ling Zhi Mushroom Ganoderma lucidum(W.Curt: Fr.) Lloyd (Aphyllophoromycetideae) Extract in Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms 2004;6. DOI
  13. Jin H, Zhang G, Cao X, and et al. Treatment of hypertension by linzhi combined with hypotensor and its effects on arterial, arteriolar and capillary pressure and microcirculation. In: Niimi H, Xiu RJ, Sawada T, and et al. Microcirculatory Approach to Asi
  14. Klupp NL, Chang D, Hawke F, Kiat H, Cao H, Grant SJ, Bensoussan A. Ganoderma lucidum mushroom for the treatment of cardiovascular risk factors. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Feb 17;2:CD007259. PubMed
  15. Zhao H, Zhang Q, Zhao L, Huang X, Wang J, Kang X. Spore Powder of Ganoderma lucidum Improves Cancer-Related Fatigue in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Endocrine Therapy: A Pilot Clinical Trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:809614.
  16. Pazzi F, Adsuar JC, Domínguez-Muñoz FJ, García-Gordillo MA, Gusi N, Collado-Mateo D. Ganoderma lucidum effects on mood and health-related quality of life in women with fibromyalgia. Healthcare (Basel) 2020;8(4):520. PubMed
  17. Kogure T, Koiwai A, Fukushi D, et al. Hypereosinophilia with hepatic nodule formation caused by Ganoderma lucidum. Intern Med 2021;60(24):3897-3903.

See these in context on the Reishi Mushroom monograph →

Maitake Mushroom 8 references
  1. Kabir Y, Kimura S. Dietary mushrooms reduce blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 1989;35:91-4. PubMed
  2. Kabir Y, Yamaguchi M, Kimura S. Effect of shiitake (Lentinus edodes) and maitake (Grifola frondosa) mushrooms on blood pressure and plasma lipids of spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 1987;33:341-6. PubMed
  3. Konno S, Tortorelis DG, Fullerton SA, et al. A possible hypoglycaemic effect of maitake mushroom on Type 2 diabetic patients. Diabet Med 2001;18:1010. PubMed
  4. Chen JT, Tominaga K, Sato Y, et al. Maitake mushroom (Grifola frondosa) extract induces ovulation in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a possible monotherapy and a combination therapy after failure with first-line clomiphene citrate. J Altern Compl
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  7. Deng, G., Lin, H., Seidman, A., Fornier, M., D'Andrea, G., Wesa, K., Yeung, S., Cunningham-Rundles, S., Vickers, A. J., and Cassileth, B. A phase I/II trial of a polysaccharide extract from Grifola frondosa (Maitake mushroom) in breast cancer patients: i
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Shiitake Mushroom 67 references
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Beta-glucans 11 references
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Chaga 9 references
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  9. Ye X, Wu K, Xu L, et al. Methanol extract of Inonotus obliquus improves type 2 diabetes mellitus through modifying intestinal flora. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023;13:1103972. PubMed

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Turkey Tail Mushroom 15 references
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  8. Yeung JH and Or PM. Polysaccharide peptides from Coriolus versicolor competitively inhibit tolbutamide 4-hydroxylation in specific human CYP2C9 isoform and pooled human liver microsomes. Phytomedicine 2011;18(13):1170-5. PubMed
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