Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Based on 9 of 11 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

A Bomb Red, White & Boom Alpine Pew Pew Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by 'Merica Labz

A Bomb Red, White & Boom Alpine Pew Pew label
See full label image
Powder Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Major
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking A Bomb Red, White & Boom Alpine Pew Pew against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

A Bomb Red, White & Boom Alpine Pew Pew is a dietary supplement by 'Merica Labz with 11 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for exercise performance, muscle soreness and fatigue, blood flow and circulation.Based on those ingredients, 1,465 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Vaso6, Caffeine Anhydrous, Isopropylnorsynephrine. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against A Bomb Red, White & Boom Alpine Pew Pew by 'Merica Labz

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with A Bomb Red, White & Boom Alpine Pew Pew by 'Merica Labz — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of A Bomb Red, White & Boom Alpine Pew Pew by 'Merica Labz

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 12, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 11 of its 11 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

A Bomb Red, White & Boom Alpine Pew Pew contains 11 active ingredients designed to support athletic performance and mental focus. The amino acids L-citrulline and L-tyrosine work on blood vessel function and brain chemistry respectively, while beta-alanine and creatine monohydrate are research-backed for muscle performance.

Caffeine anhydrous and green tea (Vaso6) deliver stimulant and antioxidant support, and alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine (alpha-GPC) targets cognitive function. The product also includes Noopept, isopropylnorsynephrine, huperzine A extract, and N-phenethyl dimethylamine citrate — the last two of which are less commonly studied.

The remaining ingredients are inactive — fillers, flavoring, and sweeteners.

Does it work?

Strong evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Strong

Clinical evidence supports at least one of this product's ingredients for its stated purpose.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: athletic performance and exercise capacity.
  • We looked for evidence on: Athletic performance, Exercise-induced muscle damage, Exercise-induced muscle soreness, Fatigue, Endurance, Muscle strength — and 2 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Caffeine is rated "Likely Effective" for Athletic performance (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Creatine is rated "Possibly Effective" for Athletic performance, Muscle strength.
  • Also on file: Beta-alanine is rated "Possibly Effective" for Athletic performance.

L-citrulline is possibly effective for athletic performance but rated possibly ineffective for sarcopenia; evidence for cardiovascular disease and heart failure is insufficient. L-tyrosine is effective for phenylketonuria (PKU) and possibly effective for cognitive function and memory, but possibly ineffective for athletic performance.

Beta-alanine is possibly effective for athletic performance and physical performance. Caffeine is likely effective for mental alertness and athletic performance.

Creatine is possibly effective for muscle strength and athletic performance but possibly ineffective for Huntington disease and osteopenia. Green tea is likely effective for HPV infection and possibly effective for ovarian cancer and high cholesterol.

Effectiveness ratings for Noopept, isopropylnorsynephrine, and huperzine A extract are not established in the data we hold.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient L-citrulline Tyrosine Beta-alanine Caffeine Creatine Alpha-gpc Green Tea Isopropylnorsynephrine

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 9 of the 9 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 9 of 9.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 9 of 9.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

L-citrulline, L-tyrosine, beta-alanine, creatine, and alpha-GPC are generally well tolerated in healthy adults, though long-term safety at high doses is not fully studied. Caffeine is generally safe in moderate doses but can cause anxiety, insomnia, jitteriness, headache, nausea, and in rare cases, stroke.

Green tea is well tolerated as a beverage but concentrated extracts at high doses have rarely caused liver injury. Isopropylnorsynephrine is poorly studied and regarded as unsafe, with serious risks including hypertension, heart palpitations, stroke, and cardiac arrest — especially when combined with other stimulants or intense exercise.

Huperzine A can cause dizziness, nausea, and sweating. Most common side effects across the formula include gastrointestinal discomfort, heartburn, tremor, and skin tingling (from beta-alanine).

Pregnancy: L-citrulline, L-tyrosine, beta-alanine, and creatine lack sufficient safety data — avoid unless a doctor advises otherwise. Caffeine is rated possibly safe but possibly unsafe; ask your doctor about safe limits.

Green tea is possibly safe but possibly unsafe; limit caffeine intake. Isopropylnorsynephrine and huperzine A are not recommended.

Breastfeeding: L-citrulline, L-tyrosine, beta-alanine, and creatine have insufficient data — avoid supplemental doses. Caffeine passes into milk in small amounts; moderate intake is usually acceptable.

Green tea is possibly safe with moderate caffeine; avoid high-dose extracts. Isopropylnorsynephrine and huperzine A are not recommended.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient L-citrulline Tyrosine Beta-alanine Caffeine Creatine Alpha-gpc Green Tea Isopropylnorsynephrine

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 7 of the 9 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Toothed Clubmoss, Green Tea, Caffeine, Tyrosine, Alpha-gpc, among others.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; diabetes medications; lithium; Parkinson's medications.
  • For scale: 1,466 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Stop this product and consult your pharmacist if you take ephedrine or any ephedrine-containing supplement — the combination risks heart attack, stroke, and seizure. Blood pressure medications (antihypertensive drugs) may have their effects reduced or amplified by L-citrulline and isopropylnorsynephrine.

Cholesterol drugs like atorvastatin and heart medications like nadolol can have sharply reduced effectiveness from green tea. Levodopa (for Parkinson's) may be less effective when taken with L-tyrosine; separate doses by 2 hours if you must use both.

Anticonvulsants (phenobarbital, carbamazepine, valproate, phenytoin, felbamate, ethosuximide) may lose effectiveness from caffeine and green tea. Erectile dysfunction medications, barbiturates, cimetidine, quinolone antibiotics, clozapine, and dipyridamole all interact with caffeine.

Thyroid hormone medications may be amplified by L-tyrosine.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with clinical evidence supporting its stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This pre-workout is aimed at athletes seeking performance and focus, but it packs multiple stimulants and carries serious interaction risks — especially with blood pressure meds, cholesterol drugs, and ephedrine-containing products. If you take any prescription medication, anticonvulsant, or other stimulant, check with your pharmacist before using this product.

Anyone with heart, blood pressure, or thyroid concerns should talk to their doctor first.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 9 of 11 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jul 21, 2022.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about A Bomb Red, White & Boom Alpine Pew Pew, straight from the product label.

Brand 'Merica Labz
Barcode (UPC) 672975315535
Net contents 15.1 Ounce(s); 428 Gram(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Jul 21, 2022
DSLD ID 271100
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Powder
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Women (not pregnant or lactating)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for A Bomb Red, White & Boom Alpine Pew Pew by 'Merica Labz, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
10.7 Gram(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
21.4 Gram(s)
Servings per container
20
UPC/BARCODE
672975315535
IngredientAmount% DV
L-Citrulline6000 mg--
L-Tyrosine1000 mg--
Beta-Alanine3200 mg--
Caffeine Anhydrous400 mg--
Creatine Monohydrate5000 mg--
N-Phenethyl Dimethylamine Citrate300 mg--
Alpha-Glycerylphosphorylcholine300 mg--
Vaso6300 mg--
Noopept30 mg--
Isopropylnorsynephrine25 mg--
Huperzia serrata extract10 mg--

Other ingredients: Malic Acid, Natural & Artificial Flavors, Silicon Dioxide, Citric Acid, Sodium Bicarbonate, Sucralose, Acesulfame Potassium

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
General Statements

You know that thing in a relationship where one person complains that they can't tell when the other person is mad, because the other person is all passive-aggressive? Yeah, that's not 'Merica. You know when we're mad or serious, because we develop a weapon capable of wiping life as we know it off the face of the Earth. A Bomb is the pre-workout version of that. The original Red, White & Boom preworkout is like the American military prior to the development of the bomb: ask anybody and they'd say it's the most BA around. But the A Bomb version changes everything. 'Merica is pissed and it's time to go to war.

Precautions

Warning: This product is only intended for use in healthy adults 18 years of age or older.

Pregnant or nursing women should not use this product. Consult your healthcare provider before using this product, especially if you are taking any prescription, over the counter medication, dietary supplement product, or if you have any pre-existing medical condition including but not limited to: high or low blood pressure, cardiac arrhythmia, stroke, heart, liver, kidney or thyroid disease, seizure disorder, psychiatric disease, diabetes, difficulty urinating due to prostate enlargement or if you are taking a MAOI (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor) or any other medication. Do not use in combination with caffeine or any stimulants, including but not limited to, coffee, tea, soda, and other dietary supplements or medications.

Discontinue use and consult your health care professional if you experience adverse reaction to this product. Do not exceed recommended serving. Do not use under extreme conditions of heat, sleep deprivation, extreme cardiovascular exertion or dehydration Do not combine with alcohol. Do not use if safety seal is broken or missing.

Keep out of reach of children.

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Directions: Mix 1 scoop with 10-16 ounces of water and consume approximately 15-30 minutes prior to your workout. To assess tolerance, new users may want to start with 1/2 scoop.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Brand IP Statement(s)

Never big enough

VASO6 is protected by Patents 6,706,75681 under exclusive global distribution by Compound Solutions, Inc.

Formulation

Atomic preworkout

Manufactured in a U.S. cGMP Facility.

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Formula

Alpine Pew Pew Naturally & artificially flavored

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

A Bomb Red, White & Boom Alpine Pew Pew by 'Merica Labz label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

A Bomb Red, White & Boom Alpine Pew Pew label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in A Bomb Red, White & Boom Alpine Pew Pew by 'Merica Labz

These are the 11 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size10.7 Gram(s) Dosage formPowder Servings per container20 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

L-Citrulline

Interacts with
178 drugs
6000 mg per serving

L-citrulline is an amino acid that the body turns into L-arginine to help make nitric oxide, which relaxes blood vessels and may improve blood flow. I...

L-Citrulline monograph & interactions

L-Tyrosine

Interacts with
21 drugs
1000 mg per serving

L-tyrosine is an amino acid your body uses to make brain chemicals like dopamine and norepinephrine. Some studies suggest it may help mental performan...

L-Tyrosine monograph & interactions

Beta-Alanine

No known
interactions
3200 mg per serving

Beta-alanine is an amino acid taken mostly by athletes to raise muscle carnosine, which may help buffer acid and reduce fatigue during short, high-int...

Beta-Alanine monograph & interactions

Caffeine Anhydrous

Interacts with
655 drugs
400 mg per serving

Caffeine is a natural stimulant found in coffee, tea, and many other plants and products. In moderate amounts it can boost alertness and reduce tiredn...

Caffeine Anhydrous monograph & interactions

Creatine Monohydrate

No known
interactions
5000 mg per serving

Creatine is one of the most studied sports supplements, with solid evidence that it can boost strength and performance during short, high-intensity ac...

Creatine Monohydrate monograph & interactions

N-Phenethyl Dimethylamine Citrate

300 mg per serving Form: Eria jarensis

Alpha-Glycerylphosphorylcholine

Interacts with
16 drugs
300 mg per serving

Alpha-GPC is a choline-containing compound used mainly for memory, brain health, and as a choline source. There is some evidence it may help cognition...

Alpha-Glycerylphosphorylcholine monograph & interactions

Vaso6

Interacts with
1,293 drugs
300 mg per serving Form: Green Tea extract

Green tea is a popular beverage rich in antioxidants called catechins, and drinking it in normal amounts is considered safe for most people. Concentra...

Vaso6 monograph & interactions

Noopept

30 mg per serving

Isopropylnorsynephrine

Interacts with
344 drugs
25 mg per serving

Isopropylnorsynephrine is a synthetic stimulant chemically related to synephrine, marketed mainly in weight-loss and pre-workout supplements. It has v...

Isopropylnorsynephrine monograph & interactions

Huperzia serrata extract

Interacts with
219 drugs
10 mg per serving Form: Huperzine A

Toothed Clubmoss is a moss-like plant best known as the natural source of huperzine A, a compound studied mainly for memory and Alzheimer's disease. S...

Huperzia serrata extract monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Malic Acid, Natural & Artificial Flavors, Silicon Dioxide, Citric Acid, Sodium Bicarbonate, Sucralose, Acesulfame Potassium. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

A Bomb Red, White & Boom Alpine Pew Pew by 'Merica Labz Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against A Bomb Red, White & Boom Alpine Pew Pew?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
1,465Drugs
13 Major 1,143 Moderate 309 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Vaso6 1,293
Caffeine Anhydrous 655
Isopropylnorsynephrine 344
Huperzia serrata extract 219
L-Citrulline 178

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in A Bomb Red, White & Boom Alpine Pew Pew interact with 1,465 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

7 of the 11 ingredients in A Bomb Red, White & Boom Alpine Pew Pew interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Vaso6 Caffeine Anhydrous Isopropylnorsynephrine Huperzia serrata extract L-Citrulline L-Tyrosine Alpha-Glycerylphosphorylcholine

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in A Bomb Red, White & Boom Alpine Pew Pew with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Vaso658 drug types · 1,293 drugs

Atorvastatin (Lipitor)

Green tea extract seems to reduce the levels and clinical effects of atorvastatin.
In healthy humans, taking green tea extract 300 mg or 600 mg along with atorvastatin reduces plasma levels of atorvastatin by approximately 24%. The elimination of atorvastatin is not affected. Atorvastatin is a substrate of organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs). Research shows that two of the major catechins found in green tea, epicatechin gallate (ECG) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), inhibit OATPs. Some OATPs are expressed in the small intestine and are responsible for the uptake of drugs and other compounds, which may have resulted in reduced plasma levels of atorvastatin. It is not clear if drinking green tea alters the absorption of atorvastatin.

Likelihood Likely Evidence B
Ephedrine

Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the risk for stimulant adverse effects.
Green tea contains caffeine. There is evidence that using ephedrine with caffeine might increase the risk of serious life-threatening or debilitating adverse effects such as hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, seizures, and death.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Nadolol (Corgard)

Green tea seems to reduce the levels and clinical effects of nadolol.
Preliminary clinical research shows that green tea consumption reduces plasma concentrations of nadolol. Compared to a control group, both peak levels and total drug exposure (AUC) of nadolol were reduced by approximately 85% in subjects who drank green tea daily for two weeks. Drinking green tea with nadolol also significantly reduced nadolol's systolic blood pressure lowering effect. Other clinical research shows that a single dose of green tea can affect plasma nadolol levels for at least one hour. Green tea catechins have been shown to inhibit organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATP), one of which, OATP1A2, is involved in the uptake of nadolol in the intestine The interaction is thought to be due primarily to the epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) content of green tea.

Likelihood Likely Evidence B
5-Fluorouracil

Theoretically, high doses of green tea might increase the effects and side effects of 5-fluorouracil.
Animal research shows that taking green tea in amounts equivalent to about 6 cups daily in humans for 4 weeks prior to receiving a single injection of 5-fluorouracil increases the maximum plasma levels of 5-fluorouracil by about 2.5-fold and the area under the curve by 425%.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Adenosine (Adenocard)

Theoretically, green tea might decrease the vasodilatory effects of adenosine and interfere with its use prior to stress testing.
Green tea contains caffeine. Caffeine is a competitive inhibitor of adenosine at the cellular level. However, caffeine doesn't seem to affect supplemental adenosine because high interstitial levels of adenosine overcome the antagonistic effects of caffeine. It is recommended that methylxanthines and methylxanthine-containing products be stopped 24 hours prior to pharmacological stress tests. However, methylxanthines appear more likely to interfere with dipyridamole (Persantine) than adenosine-induced stress testing.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, green tea may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Conflicting reports exist regarding the effect of green tea on bleeding risk when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs; however, most evidence suggests that drinking green tea in moderate amounts is unlikely to cause a significant interaction. Green tea contains small amounts of vitamin K, approximately 7 mcg per cup. Some case reports have associated the antagonism of warfarin with the vitamin K content of green tea. However, these reports are rare, and very large doses of green tea (about 8-16 cups daily) appear to be needed to cause these effects. Furthermore, the catechins and caffeine in green tea are reported to have antiplatelet activity.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Beta-Adrenergic Agonists

Green tea contains caffeine. Theoretically, concomitant use of large amounts of caffeine might increase cardiac inotropic effects of beta-agonists.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Bortezomib (Velcade)

Theoretically, green tea might interfere with the effects of bortezomib.
In vitro research shows that green tea polyphenols, such as epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), interact with bortezomib and block its proteasome inhibitory action. This prevents the induction of cell death in multiple myeloma or glioblastoma cancer cell lines. Advise patients taking bortezomib, not to take green tea.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

Theoretically, green tea might reduce the effects of carbamazepine and increase the risk for convulsions.
Green tea contains caffeine. Animal research suggests that taking caffeine can lower the anticonvulsant effects of carbamazepine and can induce seizures when taken in doses above 400 mg/kg. Human research has shown that taking caffeine 300 mg in three divided doses along with carbamazepine 200 mg reduces the bioavailability of carbamazepine by 32% and prolongs the plasma half-life of carbamazepine 2-fold in healthy individuals.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Celiprolol (Celicard)

Theoretically, green tea might reduce the levels and clinical effects of celiprolol.
In a small human study, taking green tea daily for 4 days appears to decrease blood and urine levels of celiprolol by at least 98%. This interaction is possibly due to the inhibition of organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP). Green tea catechins have been shown to inhibit organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATP), one of which, OATP1A2, is found in the intestine The interaction is thought to be due primarily to the epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) content of green tea.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cimetidine (Tagamet)

Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the effects and adverse effects of caffeine in green tea.
Green tea contains caffeine. Cimetidine can reduce caffeine clearance by 31% to 42%.

Likelihood Likely Evidence B
Clozapine (Clozaril)

Theoretically, green tea might increase the levels and adverse effects of clozapine and acutely exacerbate psychotic symptoms.
Animal research suggests that, although green tea extract does not affect the elimination of clozapine, it delays the time to reach peak concentration and reduces the peak plasma levels. Also, concomitant administration of green tea and clozapine might theoretically cause acute exacerbation of psychotic symptoms due to the caffeine in green tea. Caffeine can increase the effects and toxicity of clozapine. Caffeine doses of 400-1000 mg daily inhibit clozapine metabolism. Clozapine is metabolized by cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2). Researchers speculate that caffeine might inhibit CYP1A2. However, there is no reliable evidence that caffeine affects CYP1A2. There is also speculation that genetic factors might make some patients be more sensitive to the interaction between clozapine and caffeine.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Contraceptive Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the effects and adverse effects of caffeine found in green tea.
Green tea contains caffeine. Oral contraceptives can decrease caffeine clearance by 40% to 65%.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Inhibitors

Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the levels and adverse effects of caffeine.
Green tea contains caffeine. Caffeine is metabolized by cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2),. Theoretically, drugs that inhibit CYP1A2 may decrease the clearance rate of caffeine from green tea and increase caffeine levels.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Dipyridamole (Persantine)

Theoretically, green tea might decrease the vasodilatory effects of dipyridamole and interfere with its use prior to stress testing.
Green tea contains caffeine. Caffeine might inhibit dipyridamole-induced vasodilation. It is recommended that methylxanthines and methylxanthine-containing products be stopped 24 hours prior to pharmacological stress tests. Methylxanthines appear more likely to interfere with dipyridamole (Persantine) than adenosine-induced stress testing.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Disulfiram (Antabuse)

Theoretically, disulfiram might increase the risk of adverse effects from caffeine.
In human research, disulfiram decreases the clearance and increases the half-life of caffeine.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Diuretic Drugs

Theoretically, using green tea with diuretic drugs might increase the risk of hypokalemia.
Green tea contains caffeine. In excessive amounts, caffeine can reduce potassium levels due to stimulation of the sodium-potassium pump. Diuretics can also cause lower potassium levels.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Estrogens

Theoretically, estrogens might increase the levels and adverse effects of caffeine.
Green tea contains caffeine. Estrogen inhibits caffeine metabolism.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Ethosuximide (Zarontin)

Theoretically, green tea might reduce the effects of ethosuximide and increase the risk for convulsions.
Green tea contains caffeine. Animal research suggests that caffeine 92.4 mg/kg can decrease the anticonvulsant activity of ethosuximide. However, this effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Felbamate (Felbatol)

Theoretically, green tea might reduce the effects of felbamate and increase the risk for convulsions.
Green tea contains caffeine. Animal research suggests that a high dose of caffeine 161.7 mg/kg can decreases the anticonvulsant activity of felbamate. However, this effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Fexofenadine (Allegra)

Green tea can decrease blood levels of fexofenadine.
Clinical research shows that green tea can significantly decrease blood levels and excretion of fexofenadine. Taking green tea extract with a dose of fexofenadine decreased bioavailability of fexofenadine by about 30%. In vitro, green tea inhibits the cellular accumulation of fexofenadine by inhibiting the organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) drug transporter. Research shows that two of the major catechins found in green tea, epicatechin gallate (ECG) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), inhibit OATPs, specifically OATP1A2, OATP1B1, and OATP2B1. In addition, green tea has been shown to reduce the absorption of some drugs that are OATP substrates.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Flutamide (Eulexin)

Theoretically, green tea might increase the levels and adverse effects of flutamide.
Green tea contains caffeine. In vitro evidence suggests that caffeine can inhibit the metabolism of flutamide. Theoretically, concomitant use of caffeine and flutamide might increase serum concentrations of flutamide and increase the risk adverse effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Fluvoxamine (Luvox)

Theoretically, fluvoxamine might increase the levels and adverse effects of caffeine.
Green tea contains caffeine. Fluvoxamine reduces caffeine metabolism.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Hepatotoxic Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive adverse hepatotoxic effects.
Green tea extract supplements have been linked to several cases of hepatotoxicity and might have additive hepatotoxic effects with other drugs..

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Imatinib (Gleevec)

Theoretically, green tea might reduce the levels and clinical effects of imatinib.
In animal research, a single dose of green tea extract reduces the area under the curve (AUC) of imatinib by up to approximately 64% and its main metabolite N-desmethyl imatinib by up to approximately 81%. This interaction has not been shown in humans. The mechanism of action is unclear but may involve multiple pathways.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Vaso6 full monograph & all 58 interactions

Caffeine Anhydrous41 drug types · 655 drugs

Ephedrine

Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the risk for stimulant adverse effects.
Use of ephedrine with caffeine can increase the risk of stimulatory adverse effects. There is evidence that using ephedrine with caffeine might increase the risk of serious life-threatening or debilitating adverse effects such as hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, seizures, and death.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Adenosine (Adenocard)

Theoretically, caffeine might decrease the vasodilatory effects of adenosine and interfere with its use prior to stress testing.
Some evidence shows that caffeine is a competitive inhibitor of adenosine and can reduce the vasodilatory effects of adenosine in humans. However, other research shows that caffeine does not seem to affect supplemental adenosine because high interstitial levels of adenosine overcome the antagonistic effects of caffeine. It is recommended that methylxanthines and methylxanthine-containing products be stopped 24 hours prior to pharmacological stress tests. However, methylxanthines appear more likely to interfere with dipyridamole (Persantine) than adenosine-induced stress testing.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, caffeine may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Caffeine is reported to have antiplatelet activity. Theoretically, it might increase the risk of bleeding when used concomitantly with these agents; however, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Beta-Adrenergic Agonists

Theoretically, large amounts of caffeine might increase the cardiac inotropic effects of beta-agonists.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

Theoretically, caffeine might reduce the effects of carbamazepine and increase the risk for convulsions.
Animal research suggests that taking caffeine can lower the anticonvulsant effects of carbamazepine and can induce seizures when taken in doses above 400 mg/kg. Human research has shown that taking caffeine 300 mg in three divided doses along with carbamazepine 200 mg reduces the bioavailability of carbamazepine by 32% and prolongs the plasma half-life of carbamazepine 2-fold in healthy individuals.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cimetidine (Tagamet)

Theoretically, cimetidine might increase the levels and adverse effects of caffeine.
Cimetidine decreases the rate of caffeine clearance by 31% to 42%.

Likelihood Likely Evidence B
Clozapine (Clozaril)

Caffeine might increase the levels and adverse effects of clozapine and acutely exacerbate psychotic symptoms.
Caffeine might increase the effects and toxicity of clozapine. Caffeine doses of 400-1000 mg per day inhibit clozapine metabolism. Clozapine is metabolized by cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2). Although researchers speculate that caffeine might inhibit CYP1A2, there is no reliable evidence that caffeine affects CYP1A2. There is also speculation that genetic factors might make some patients more sensitive to an interaction between clozapine and caffeine. In one case report, severe, life-threatening clozapine toxicity and multiorgan system failure occurred in a patient with schizophrenia stabilized on clozapine who consumed caffeine 600 mg daily.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Dipyridamole (Persantine)

Theoretically, caffeine might decrease the vasodilatory effects of dipyridamole and interfere with its use prior to stress testing.
Caffeine inhibits dipyridamole-induced vasodilation. It is recommended that methylxanthines and methylxanthine-containing products be stopped 24 hours prior to pharmacological stress tests. Methylxanthines appear more likely to interfere with dipyridamole (Persantine) than adenosine-induced stress testing.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Disulfiram (Antabuse)

Theoretically, disulfiram use might increase the levels and adverse effects of caffeine.
Disulfiram decreases the rate of caffeine clearance.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Diuretic Drugs

Theoretically, using caffeine with diuretic drugs might increase the risk of hypokalemia.
Caffeine, especially in excessive amounts, can reduce potassium levels due to stimulation of the sodium-potassium pump. Diuretics can also cause lower potassium levels.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Estrogens

Theoretically, estrogens might increase the levels and adverse effects of caffeine.
Estrogen inhibits caffeine metabolism.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Ethosuximide (Zarontin)

Theoretically, caffeine might reduce the effects of ethosuximide and increase the risk for convulsions.
Animal research suggests that caffeine 92.4 mg/kg can decrease the anticonvulsant activity of ethosuximide. However, this effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Felbamate (Felbatol)

Theoretically, caffeine might reduce the effects of felbamate and increase the risk for convulsions.
Animal research suggests that a high dose of caffeine 161.7 mg/kg can decreases the anticonvulsant activity of felbamate. However, this effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Flutamide (Eulexin)

Theoretically, caffeine might increase the levels and adverse effects of flutamide.
In vitro evidence suggests that caffeine can inhibit the metabolism of flutamide. However, this effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Fluvoxamine (Luvox)

Theoretically, fluvoxamine might increase the levels and adverse effects of caffeine.
Fluvoxamine reduces caffeine metabolism.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Lithium

Abrupt caffeine withdrawal might increase the levels and adverse effects of lithium.
Caffeine has diuretic activity. When abruptly discontinued, caffeine may alter the clearance of lithium. There are two case reports of lithium tremor that worsened upon abrupt coffee withdrawal and 6 case reports of elevated serum lithium levels after reducing or eliminating caffeine intake. In one case, a male with schizoaffective disorder stabilized on lithium had an elevated lithium level after reducing his caffeine intake by 87%. At a later date, he increased his caffeine intake by 6-fold, resulting in a subtherapeutic lithium level and a recurrence of psychiatric symptoms.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (Maois)

Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the risk of a hypertensive crisis.
Caffeine has been shown to inhibit monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B in laboratory studies. Concomitant intake of large amounts of caffeine with MAOIs might precipitate a hypertensive crisis. In a case report, a patient that consumed 10-12 cups of caffeinated coffee and took the MAOI tranylcypromine presented with severe hypertension. Hypertension was resolved after the patient switched to drinking decaffeinated coffee.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Nicotine

Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the risk of hypertension.
Concomitant use of caffeine and nicotine has been shown to have additive cardiovascular effects, including increased heart rate and blood pressure. Blood pressure was increased by 10.8/12.4 mmHg when the agents were used concomitantly.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Pentobarbital (Nembutal)

Theoretically, caffeine might decrease the effects of pentobarbital.
Caffeine might negate the hypnotic effects of pentobarbital.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Phenobarbital (Luminal)

Theoretically, caffeine might reduce the effects of phenobarbital and increase the risk for convulsions.
Animal research suggests that caffeine can decrease the anticonvulsant activity of phenobarbital. However, the exact mechanism of this interaction is unclear.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Phenylpropanolamine

Theoretically, phenylpropanolamine might increase the risk of hypertension, as well as the levels and adverse effects of caffeine.
Concomitant use of phenylpropanolamine and caffeine might cause an additive increase in blood pressure. Phenylpropanolamine also seems to increase caffeine serum levels.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Phenytoin (Dilantin)

Theoretically, caffeine might reduce the effects of phenytoin and increase the risk for convulsions.
Animal research suggests that caffeine can decrease the anticonvulsant activity of phenytoin. The effect does not seem to be related to the seizure threshold-lowering effects of caffeine. However, the exact mechanism of this interaction is unclear.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Pioglitazone (Actos)

Theoretically, caffeine might increase the levels and clinical effects of pioglitazone.
Animal research suggests that caffeine can modestly increase the maximum concentration, area under the curve, and half-life of pioglitazone, and also reduce its clearance. This increased the antidiabetic effects of pioglitazone. However, the exact mechanism of this interaction is unclear.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Quinolone Antibiotics

Theoretically, quinolone antibiotics might increase the levels and adverse effects of caffeine.
Quinolones (also called fluoroquinolones) can decrease caffeine clearance by inhibiting cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) enzyme.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Riluzole (Rilutek)

Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the levels and adverse effects of both caffeine and riluzole.
Caffeine and riluzole are both metabolized by cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2), and concomitant use might reduce the metabolism of one or both agents.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Caffeine Anhydrous full monograph & all 41 interactions

Isopropylnorsynephrine2 drug types · 344 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, isopropylnorsynephrine might decrease the effects of antihypertensive drugs.
In vitro research shows that isopropylnorsynephrine is a highly selective, direct-acting beta-adrenergic receptor agonist with positive chronotropic effects, and hypertension has been reported in patients taking combination products containing isopropylnorsynephrine and other stimulants.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Stimulant Drugs

Theoretically, taking isopropylnorsynephrine with stimulant drugs might have additive effects and increase the risk of adverse cardiovascular effects.
Isopropylnorsynephrine is an investigational beta-agonist and a derivative of synephrine and octopamine, which are stimulant constituents of bitter orange. In vitro research shows that isopropylnorsynephrine is a highly selective, direct-acting beta-adrenergic receptor agonist with positive chronotropic effects. Theoretically, isopropylnorsynephrine may also have stimulant effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Isopropylnorsynephrine full monograph & interactions

Huperzia serrata extract2 drug types · 219 drugs

Anticholinergic Drugs

In animal models, toothed clubmoss and huperzine A, an active constituent of toothed clubmoss, reversed cognitive deficits induced by scopolamine. Theoretically, concurrent use of anticholinergic drugs and toothed clubmoss might decrease the effectiveness of toothed clubmoss or the anticholinergic drug.
Some anticholinergic drugs include atropine, benztropine (Cogentin), biperiden (Akineton), procyclidine (Kemadrin), and trihexyphenidyl (Artane).

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cholinergic Drugs

Huperzine A, a constituent of toothed clubmoss, has demonstrated acetylcholinesterase inhibitory properties. Theoretically, concurrent use of toothed clubmoss with cholinergic drugs might have additive effects and increase the risk of cholinergic side effects.
Cholinergic drugs include bethanechol (Urecholine), donepezil (Aricept), echothiophate (Phospholine Iodide), edrophonium (Enlon, Reversol, Tensilon), neostigmine (Prostigmin), physostigmine (Antilirium), pyridostigmine (Mestinon, Regonol), succinylcholine (Anectine, Quelicin), and tacrine (Cognex).

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Huperzia serrata extract full monograph & interactions

L-Citrulline2 drug types · 178 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use of L-citrulline with antihypertensive drugs might have additive effects and increase the chance of hypotension.
L-citrulline is converted to L-arginine, which can increase nitric oxide and cause vasodilation. However, a meta-analysis of 5 small clinical studies suggests that taking L-citrulline 3-6 grams daily for 1-8 weeks does not lower blood pressure when compared with control.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors

Theoretically, concurrent use of phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors and L-citrulline might result in additive vasodilation.
L-citrulline is converted to L-arginine, which can increase nitric oxide and cause vasodilation. Theoretically, taking L-arginine with PDE-5 inhibitors might have additive vasodilatory and hypotensive effects. However, in studies evaluating the combined use of L-arginine and sildenafil for erectile dysfunction, hypotension was not reported.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
L-Citrulline full monograph & interactions

L-Tyrosine2 drug types · 21 drugs

Levodopa

Theoretically, tyrosine might decrease the effectiveness of levodopa.
Tyrosine and levodopa compete for absorption in the proximal duodenum by the large neutral amino acid (LNAA) transport system. Advise patients to separate doses of tyrosine and levodopa by at least 2 hours.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Thyroid Hormone

Theoretically, tyrosine might have additive effects with thyroid hormone medications.
Tyrosine is a precursor to thyroxine and might increase levels of thyroid hormones.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
L-Tyrosine full monograph & interactions

Alpha-Glycerylphosphorylcholine1 drug type · 16 drugs

Scopolamine (Transderm Scop)

Theoretically, alpha-GPC might decrease the effects of scopolamine.
A small clinical study shows that alpha-GPC can partially counteract the attention and memory impairment effects caused by scopolamine given intramuscularly. Whether alpha-GPC can decrease the beneficial anti-motion sickness effects of the scopolamine patch (Transderm Scop) is unclear.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Alpha-Glycerylphosphorylcholine full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for A Bomb Red, White & Boom Alpine Pew Pew, from the product label.

'Merica Labz

Name
'Merica Labz, LLC
State
Virginia
Phone Number
1-844-445-5335
Web Address
www.MericaLabz.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

A Bomb Red, White & Boom Alpine Pew Pew by 'Merica Labz: Common Questions

Does A Bomb Red, White & Boom Alpine Pew Pew by 'Merica Labz interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, A Bomb Red, White & Boom Alpine Pew Pew has a known interaction with 1,465 medications, including 13 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
A Bomb Red, White & Boom Alpine Pew Pew contains 11 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Does this product contain any fillers?
Yes. Alongside the 11 active ingredients, the powder includes malic acid, natural and artificial flavors, silicon dioxide, citric acid, sodium bicarbonate, sucralose, and acesulfame potassium as inactive ingredients.
Will this help me build muscle?
L-citrulline, creatine, and beta-alanine are all possibly effective for athletic and physical performance, and creatine is specifically possibly effective for muscle strength. That said, the ingredient huperzine A and isopropylnorsynephrine are not well-studied for muscle-building, so results depend on which active ingredients dominate the formula and your own training.
Can I take this if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
No — most ingredients lack sufficient safety data during pregnancy and breastfeeding. L-citrulline, L-tyrosine, beta-alanine, creatine, isopropylnorsynephrine, and huperzine A should be avoided. Caffeine is rated possibly safe but possibly unsafe; ask your doctor what's acceptable. Talk to your OB or pharmacist before using any pre-workout during pregnancy or while nursing.
What's the skin tingling I've heard about?
That's beta-alanine — a common and harmless side effect called paresthesia. It typically starts on your scalp within 20 minutes, spreads across your body, and lasts about an hour. At lower doses it's mild or absent in most people; higher doses make it more noticeable.
Is caffeine the only stimulant in here?
No. Caffeine anhydrous and isopropylnorsynephrine are both stimulants in this formula. Isopropylnorsynephrine is a beta-agonist (similar to compounds in bitter orange) and is poorly studied in humans; it carries risk of high blood pressure, heart palpitations, and — when combined with other stimulants or hard exercise — stroke and cardiac arrest.
What are the common side effects?
Most common are gastrointestinal upset, heartburn, nausea, anxiety, jitteriness, insomnia, muscle tremors (from caffeine), and the skin tingling from beta-alanine. Some people report headache, fatigue, or dizziness. Serious side effects are rare but include stroke and cardiac events.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

A Bomb Red, White & Boom Alpine Pew Pew label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind A Bomb Red, White & Boom Alpine Pew Pew’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

L-citrulline

Interacts with 178 drugs

L-citrulline is an amino acid that the body turns into L-arginine to help make nitric oxide, which relaxes blood vessels and may improve blood flow. It is popular for exercise performance an...

Read the full L-citrulline monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Tyrosine

Interacts with 21 drugs

L-tyrosine is an amino acid your body uses to make brain chemicals like dopamine and norepinephrine. Some studies suggest it may help mental performance during short-term stress, sleep loss,...

Read the full Tyrosine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Beta-alanine

Beta-alanine is an amino acid taken mostly by athletes to raise muscle carnosine, which may help buffer acid and reduce fatigue during short, high-intensity exercise. The evidence is moderat...

Read the full Beta-alanine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Caffeine

Interacts with 655 drugs

Caffeine is a natural stimulant found in coffee, tea, and many other plants and products. In moderate amounts it can boost alertness and reduce tiredness for most healthy adults, but too muc...

Read the full Caffeine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Creatine

Creatine is one of the most studied sports supplements, with solid evidence that it can boost strength and performance during short, high-intensity activities like weightlifting and sprintin...

Read the full Creatine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Alpha-gpc

Interacts with 16 drugs

Alpha-GPC is a choline-containing compound used mainly for memory, brain health, and as a choline source. There is some evidence it may help cognition in people with dementia, but evidence i...

Read the full Alpha-gpc monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Green Tea

Interacts with 1,293 drugs

Green tea is a popular beverage rich in antioxidants called catechins, and drinking it in normal amounts is considered safe for most people. Concentrated green tea extracts are a different s...

Read the full Green Tea monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Isopropylnorsynephrine

Interacts with 344 drugs

Isopropylnorsynephrine is a synthetic stimulant chemically related to synephrine, marketed mainly in weight-loss and pre-workout supplements. It has very little human safety or effectiveness...

Read the full Isopropylnorsynephrine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Toothed Clubmoss

Interacts with 219 drugs

Toothed Clubmoss is a moss-like plant best known as the natural source of huperzine A, a compound studied mainly for memory and Alzheimer's disease. Some early research is promising, but the...

Read the full Toothed Clubmoss monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

A Bomb Red, White & Boom Alpine Pew Pew's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 576 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

L-citrulline 8 references
  1. Cheng JW, Balwin SN. L-arginine in the management of cardiovascular diseases. Ann Pharmacother 2001;35:755-64. PubMed
  2. Schwedhelm E, Maas R, Freese R, et al. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of oral L-citrulline and L-arginine: impact on nitric oxide metabolism. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2008;65:51-9. PubMed
  3. Romero MJ, Platt DH, Caldwell RB, Caldwell RW. Therapeutic use of citrulline in cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Drug Rev 2006;24:275-90. PubMed
  4. Balderas-Munoz K, Castillo-Martínez L, Orea-Tejeda A, et al. Improvement of ventricular function in systolic heart failure patients with oral L-citrulline supplementation. Cardiol J 2012;19:612-7. PubMed
  5. Sharif Kashani B, Tahmaseb Pour P, Malekmohammad M, et al. Oral l-citrulline malate in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension and Eisenmenger Syndrome: a clinical trial. J Cardiol 2014;64:231-5. PubMed
  6. Pérez-Guisado J, Jakeman PM. Citrulline malate enhances athletic anaerobic performance and relieves muscle soreness. J Strength Cond Res 2010;24:1215-22. PubMed
  7. Mirenayat MS, Moradi S, Mohammadi H, Rouhani MH. Effect of L-citrulline supplementation on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2018;20(11):98. PubMed
  8. Xu Z, Liu C, Liu S, Zhou Z. Comparison of efficacy and safety of daily oral L-arginine and PDE5Is alone or combination in treating erectile dysfunction: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Andrologia. 2021:e14007. PubMed

See these in context on the L-citrulline monograph →

Tyrosine 4 references
  1. Meyer JS, Welch KM, Deshmukh VD, et al. Neurotransmitter precursor amino acids in the treatment of multi-infarct dementia and Alzheimer's disease. J Amer Geriat Soc 1977;25:289-98.
  2. DiPiro JT, Talbert RL, Yee GC, et al; eds. Pharmacotherapy: A pathophysiologic approach. 4th ed. Stamford, CT: Appleton & Lange, 1999.
  3. Wood DR, Reimherr FW, Wender PH. Amino acid precursors for the treatment of attention deficit disorder, residual type. Psychopharmacol Bull 1985;21:146-9.
  4. van Spronsen FJ, van Rijn M, Bekhof J. Phenylketonuria: tyrosine supplementation in phenylalanine-restricted diets. Am J Clin Nutr 2001;73:153-7. PubMed

See these in context on the Tyrosine monograph →

Beta-alanine 13 references
  1. Harris RC, Tallon MJ, Dunnett M, et al. The absorption of orally supplied beta-alanine and its effect on muscle carnosine synthesis in human vastus lateralis. Amino Acids 2006;30:279-89.
  2. Hill CA, Harris RC, Kim HJ, et al. Influence of beta-alanine supplementation on skeletal muscle carnosine concentrations and high intensity cycling capacity. Amino Acids 2007;32:225-33.
  3. Bellinger PM, Minahan CL. The effect of ß-alanine supplementation on cycling time trials of different length. Eur J Sport Sci 2016;16(7):829-36.
  4. Chung W, Shaw G, Anderson ME, et al. Effect of 10 week beta-alanine supplementation on competition and training performance in elite swimmers. Nutrients 2012;4(10):1441-53. PubMed
  5. Glenn JM, Gray M, Stewart R, et al. Incremental effects of 28 days of beta-alanine supplementation on high-intensity cycling performance and blood lactate in masters female cyclists. Amino Acids 2015;47(12):2593-600. PubMed
  6. Gross M, Bieri K, Hoppeler H, Norman B, Vogt M. Beta-alanine supplementation improves jumping power and affects severe-intensity performance in professional alpine skiers. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2014;24(6):665-73. PubMed
  7. Howe ST, Bellinger PM, Driller MW, Shing CM, Fell JW. The effect of beta-alanine supplementation on isokinetic force and cycling performance in highly trained cyclists. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2013;23(6):562-70. PubMed
  8. Sweeney KM, Wright GA, Glenn Brice A, Doberstein ST. The effect of beta-alanine supplementation on power performance during repeated sprint activity. J Strength Cond Res 2010;24(1):79-87.
  9. Décombaz J, Beaumont M, Vuichoud J, Bouisset F, Stellingwerff T. Effect of slow-release ß-alanine tablets on absorption kinetics and paresthesia. Amino Acids 2012;43(1):67-76. Erratum in: Amino Acids 2013;45(4):1015.
  10. Stellingwerff T, Anwander H, Egger A, et al. Effect of two ß-alanine dosing protocols on muscle carnosine synthesis and washout. Amino Acids 2012;42(6):2461-72. PubMed
  11. da Silva RP, de Oliveira LF, Saunders B, et al. Effects of ß-alanine and sodium bicarbonate supplementation on the estimated energy system contribution during high-intensity intermittent exercise. Amino Acids. 2019;51(1):83-96. PubMed
  12. Varanoske AN, Hoffman JR, Church DD, et al. Comparison of sustained-release and rapid-release ß-alanine formulations on changes in skeletal muscle carnosine and histidine content and isometric performance following a muscle-damaging protocol. Amino Acids. PubMed
  13. Perim P, Gobbi N, Duarte B, et al. Beta-alanine did not improve high-intensity performance throughout simulated road cycling. Eur J Sport Sci 2021. PubMed

See these in context on the Beta-alanine monograph →

Caffeine 236 references
  1. McEvoy GK, ed. AHFS Drug Information. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1998.
  2. Harder S, Fuhr U, Staib AH, Wolff T. Ciprofloxacin-caffeine: a drug interaction established using in vivo and in vitro investigations. Am J Med 1989;87:89S-91S. PubMed
  3. Carbo M, Segura J, De la Torre R, et al. Effect of quinolones on caffeine disposition. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1989;45:234-40. PubMed
  4. Healy DP, Polk RE, Kanawati L, et al. Interaction between oral ciprofloxacin and caffeine in normal volunteers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1989;33:474-8. PubMed
  5. Mester R, Toren P, Mizrachi I, et al. Caffeine withdrawal increases lithium blood levels. Biol Psychiatry 1995;37:348-50. PubMed
  6. Jefferson JW. Lithium tremor and caffeine intake: two cases of drinking less and shaking more. J Clin Psychiatry 1988;49:72-3.
  7. Joeres R, Klinker H, Heusler H, et al. Influence of mexiletine on caffeine elimination. Pharmacol Ther 1987;33:163-9. PubMed
  8. Vahedi K, Domingo V, Amarenco P, Bousser MG. Ischemic stroke in a sportsman who consumed MaHuang extract and creatine monohydrate for bodybuilding. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 2000;68:112-3.
  9. Wakabayashi K, Kono S, Shinchi K, et al. Habitual coffee consumption and blood pressure: A study of self-defense officials in Japan. Eur J Epidemiol 1998;14:669-73. PubMed
  10. Hodgson JM, Puddey IB, Burke V, et al. Effects on blood pressure of drinking green and black tea. J Hypertens 1999;17:457-63. PubMed
  11. Rapuri PB, Gallagher JC, Kinyamu HK, Ryschon KL. Caffeine intake increases the rate of bone loss in elderly women and interacts with vitamin D receptor genotypes. Am J Clin Nutr 2001;74:694-700. PubMed
  12. The National Toxicology Program (NTP). Caffeine. Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction (CERHR). Available at: http://cerhr.niehs.nih.gov/common/caffeine.html.
  13. Klebanoff MA, Levine RJ, DerSimonian R, et al. Maternal serum paraxanthine, a caffeine metabolite, and the risk of spontaneous abortion. N Engl J Med 1999;341:1639-44. PubMed
  14. Eskenazi B. Caffeine—filtering the facts. N Engl J Med 1999;341:1688-9. PubMed
  15. Fernandes O, Sabharwal M, Smiley T, et al. Moderate to heavy caffeine consumption during pregnancy and relationship to spontaneous abortion and abnormal fetal growth: a meta-analysis. Reprod Toxicol 1998;12:435-44. PubMed
  16. Pollock BG, Wylie M, Stack JA, et al. Inhibition of caffeine metabolism by estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. J Clin Pharmacol 1999;39:936-40. PubMed
  17. Nurminen ML, Niittynen L, Korpela R, Vapaatalo H. Coffee, caffeine and blood pressure: a critical review. Eur J Clin Nutr 1999;53:831-9. PubMed
  18. Dews PB, Curtis GL, Hanford KJ, O'Brien CP. The frequency of caffeine withdrawal in a population-based survey and in a controlled, blinded pilot experiment. J Clin Pharmacol 1999;39:1221-32. PubMed
  19. FDA. Proposed rule: dietary supplements containing ephedrine alkaloids. Available at: www.verity.fda.gov (Accessed 25 January 2000).
  20. Briggs GB, Freeman RK, Yaffe SJ. Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1998.
  21. Hagg S, Spigset O, Mjorndal T, Dahlqvist R. Effect of caffeine on clozapine pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2000;49:59-63. PubMed
  22. Tobias JD. Caffeine in the treatment of apnea associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection in neonates and infants. South Med J 2000;93:297-304. DOI
  23. Watson JM, Jenkins EJ, Hamilton P, et al. Influence of caffeine on the frequency and perception of hypoglycemia in free-living patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2000;23:455-9. PubMed
  24. Lloyd T, Johnson-Rollings N, Eggli DF, et al. Bone status among postmenopausal women with different habitual caffeine intakes: a longitudinal investigation. J Am Coll Nutr 2000;19:256-61. PubMed
  25. American Academy of Pediatrics. The transfer of drugs and other chemicals into human milk. Pediatrics 2001;108:776-89. PubMed
  26. Sinclair CJ, Geiger JD. Caffeine use in sports. A pharmacological review. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2000;40:71-9.
  27. Haller CA, Benowitz NL. Adverse cardiovascular and central nervous system events associated with dietary supplements containing ephedra alkaloids. N Engl J Med 2000;343:1833-8. PubMed
  28. Ali M, Afzal M. A potent inhibitor of thrombin stimulated platelet thromboxane formation from unprocessed tea. Prostaglandins Leukot Med 1987;27:9-13. PubMed
  29. Ardlie NG, Glew G, Schultz BG, Schwartz CJ. Inhibition and reversal of platelet aggregation by methyl xanthines. Thromb Diath Haemorrh 1967;18:670-3. DOI
  30. Ferrini RL, Barrett-Connor E. Caffeine intake and endogenous sex steroid levels in postmenopausal women. The Rancho Bernardo Study. Am J Epidemiol 1996:144:642-4. PubMed
  31. Avisar R, Avisar E, Weinberger D. Effect of coffee consumption on intraocular pressure. Ann Pharmacother 2002;36:992-5.. PubMed
  32. Bell DG, Jacobs I, Ellerington K. Effect of caffeine and ephedrine ingestion on anaerobic exercise performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001;33:1399-403. PubMed
  33. Horner NK, Lampe JW. Potential mechanisms of diet therapy for fibrocystic breast conditions show inadequate evidence of effectiveness. J Am Diet Assoc 2000;100:1368-80. PubMed
  34. Bracken MB, Triche EW, Belanger K, et al. Association of maternal caffeine consumption with decrements in fetal growth. Am J Epidemiol 2003;157:456-66.. PubMed
  35. McGowan JD, Altman RE, Kanto WP Jr. Neonatal withdrawal symptoms after chronic maternal ingestion of caffeine. South Med J 1988;81:1092-4.. PubMed
  36. Massey LK. Is caffeine a risk factor for bone loss in the elderly? Am J Clin Nutr 2001;74:569-70. PubMed
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See these in context on the Caffeine monograph →

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Toothed Clubmoss 3 references
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  2. Zhang RW, Tang XC, Han YY, et al. [Drug evaluation of huperzine A in the treatment of senile memory disorders]. Chung Kuo Yao Li Hsueh Pao 1991;12:250-2.
  3. Ohba T, Yoshino Y, Ishisaka M, et al. Japanese Huperzia serrata extract and the constituent, huperzine A, ameliorate the scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2015;79(11):1838-44.

See these in context on the Toothed Clubmoss monograph →

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