Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Based on 7 of 8 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Bao He Teapills Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Plum Flower

Tablet Or Pill Category: Botanical
Most serious interaction: Major
The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

Bao He Teapills is a dietary supplement by Plum Flower with 8 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for source of vitamin c, digestive support, aromatherapy and relaxation.Based on those ingredients, 1,451 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Citrus reticulata Peel Extract, Poria cocos Sclerotium Extract, Pinellia ternata Rhizome Extract. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Bao He Teapills by Plum Flower

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 0 of its 14 active ingredients.
  • “Proprietary Extract Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (1,360 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.
  • “Massa Fermentata” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label doesn't break down how much of each component you get.

Bao He Teapills contains 14 ingredients, including a proprietary extract blend and masa fermentata (a fermented grain preparation), plus active extracts: tangerine peel, poria mushroom, pinellia ternata rhizome, sweet annie, forsythia fruit, barley, hawthorn fruit, radish seed, wheat bran, smartweed, siberian cocklebur, apricot seed, and vigna umbellata seed. The inactive ingredients are maltose, hydrated magnesium silicate, and china wax.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: Digestive support and gastrointestinal health.
  • We looked for evidence on: Constipation, Diarrhea, Gastritis, Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), Ulcerative colitis, Indigestion — and 3 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Wheat Bran is rated "Possibly Effective" for Constipation (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Wheat Bran is rated "Possibly Effective" for Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
  • Also on file: Poria Mushroom is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Diarrhea.

Evidence for Bao He Teapills' active ingredients is mixed. Barley shows strong evidence—it's likely effective for lowering cholesterol and supporting heart health.

Wheat bran is possibly effective for constipation, hemorrhoids, and irritable bowel syndrome. Sweet annie is possibly effective for hay fever.

Most other ingredients in this formula—including hawthorn, radish, poria mushroom, pinellia ternata, tangerine, forsythia, smartweed, siberian cocklebur, and apricot—have insufficient reliable evidence to establish whether they work for their intended purposes.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Tangerine Poria Mushroom Pinellia Ternata Forsythia Barley Hawthorn Radish

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 11 of the 13 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 12 of 13.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 13 of 13.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Generally well tolerated, but with important cautions. Sweet annie can cause nausea and vomiting, and rarely hepatitis (liver inflammation).

Pinellia ternata contains alkaloids that may raise blood pressure, speed heart rate, and potentially trigger heart attack or stroke; raw pinellia is toxic and only properly processed material should be used. Barley and wheat bran contain gluten and may cause bloating, flatulence, or allergic reactions in sensitive people.

Siberian cocklebur is considered generally unsafe—it carries risk of serious poisoning with liver and kidney damage, severe low blood sugar, and heart problems. Radish may cause throat tightness or rash in those with allergy, and large amounts can irritate your stomach.

Hawthorn is generally well tolerated in studies but needs medical supervision for heart conditions. Pregnancy and breastfeeding: siberian cocklebur is likely unsafe during pregnancy; poria mushroom, pinellia ternata, sweet annie, forsythia, radish, and smartweed should be avoided during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to lack of safety data.

Wheat bran is likely safe in pregnancy. Barley and apricot fruit as food are fine, but concentrated supplements lack safety data.

There isn't enough information on file for tangerine concentrate, hawthorn, or other ingredients during pregnancy and breastfeeding—talk with your doctor.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Tangerine Poria Mushroom Pinellia Ternata Forsythia Barley Hawthorn Radish

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 11 of the 13 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Smartweed, Poria Mushroom, Radish, Hawthorn, Sweet Annie, among others.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; diabetes medications; heart-rhythm medications.
  • For scale: 1,452 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking Bao He Teapills, check your medications against these drug types: any drug that affects kidney or liver function (Siberian cocklebur); antidiabetes medications including insulin and sulfonylureas (Siberian cocklebur); blood thinners like warfarin, heparin, and antiplatelet drugs (hawthorn, forsythia, smartweed); blood pressure and heart medications including nitrates, phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, beta-blockers, and calcium channel blockers (hawthorn); digoxin (hawthorn); sedatives and benzodiazepines (pinellia ternata, poria mushroom); and drugs metabolized by CYP3A4 or CYP2B6 (sweet annie). Use the medication checker below with your exact drug names and doses.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This is a traditional Chinese herbal formula with mixed evidence and real interaction risks. If you take blood thinners, blood pressure medications, diabetes drugs, sedatives, or any medication processed by your liver, check with your pharmacist first.

Siberian cocklebur's documented toxicity is a serious concern. It's not for pregnant or breastfeeding people.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 13 of 14 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Aug 22, 2025.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Bao He Teapills, straight from the product label.

Brand Plum Flower
Barcode (UPC) 739934836477
Net contents 200 Pill(s); 1.2 Ounce(s); 34 Gram(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Aug 22, 2025
DSLD ID 336445
Product type Botanical
Supplement form Tablet Or Pill
Dietary claims / uses All Other
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Bao He Teapills by Plum Flower, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
8 Pill(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
8 Pill(s)
Servings per container
25
UPC/BARCODE
739934836477
IngredientAmount% DV
Proprietary Extract Blend1360 mg--
Citrus reticulata Peel Extract0 NP--
Poria cocos Sclerotium Extract0 NP--
Pinellia ternata Rhizome Extract0 NP--
Artemisia annua0 NP--
Forsythia suspensa Fruit Extract0 NP--
Hordeum vulgare Fruit Extract0 NP--
Crataegus pinnatifida fruit extract0 NP--
Raphanus sativus Seed Extract0 NP--
Massa Fermentata0 NP--
Wheat Bran Extract0 NP--
Wheat Flour Extract0 NP--
Polygonum hydropiper Herb Extract0 NP--
Xanthium sibiricum Herb Extract0 NP--
Prunus armeniaca Seed Extract0 NP--
Vigna umbellata Seed Extract0 NP--

Other ingredients: Maltose, Magnesium Silicate, Hydrated, China Wax

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
General Statements

Bao He Wan

Foci Pharmaceutical 1929

FDA Statement of Identity

Herbal Supplement

Precautions

Contains wheat

Caution during pregnancy

Keep out of reach of children

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Take 8 pills 3 times daily or as directed by your health care practitioner

Seals/Symbols

Plum Flower Guarantee Sourced sustainably FDA Registered cGMP Compliant Made in a cGMP Certified Facility Lab Tested Quality Verified Species Verified

Formulation

US owned & operated since 1969. Made in China in partnership with the award-winning Lanzhou Foci Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.

See for yourself

Bao He Teapills by Plum Flower label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

What’s inside

The Ingredients in Bao He Teapills by Plum Flower

These are the 8 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size8 Pill(s) Dosage formTablet Or Pill Servings per container25 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Other (inactive) ingredients: Maltose, Magnesium Silicate, Hydrated, China Wax. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Bao He Teapills by Plum Flower Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Bao He Teapills?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

Go to the checker
1,451Drugs
675 Major 775 Moderate 1 Minor

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Bao He Teapills with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Citrus reticulata Peel Extract2 drug types · 643 drugs

Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

In vitro, tangeretin, a constituent of tangerine, induces a 52% increase in the metabolism of midazolam by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). This suggests that tangeretin may stimulate CYP3A4 activity. However, in humans, drinking tangerine juice 200 mL slightly delayed the absorption, but did not affect the metabolism, of midazolam, a CYP3A4 substrate. Theoretically, tangerine juice might increase CYP3A4 activity and decrease levels of drugs metabolized by this enzyme. However, this effect is unlikely.
Some drugs metabolized by CYP3A4 include amitriptyline (Elavil), amiodarone (Cordarone), citalopram (Celexa), felodipine (Plendil), lansoprazole (Prevacid), ondansetron (Zofran), prednisone (Deltasone, Orasone), sertraline (Zoloft), sibutramine (Meridia), and many others.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Midazolam (Versed)

In vitro, tangeretin, a constituent of tangerine, appears to increase the metabolism of midazolam in human liver microsomes by up to 52%. However, in humans, drinking tangerine juice 200 mL slightly delayed the absorption, but did not affect the metabolism, of midazolam. Theoretically, tangerine juice might increase the metabolism and reduce the effects of midazolam. However, this effect is unlikely.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B

Poria cocos Sclerotium Extract3 drug types · 417 drugs

Anticholinergic Drugs

Theoretically, poria mushroom might decrease the clinical effects of anticholinergic drugs.
In animal research, poria mushroom essential oil reduces acetylcholinesterase activity. This interaction has not been shown in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cholinergic Drugs

Theoretically, poria mushroom might have additive effects when used with cholinergic drugs.
In animal research, poria mushroom essential oil reduces acetylcholinesterase activity. This interaction has not been shown in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cns Depressants

Theoretically, taking poria mushroom extract may enhance the therapeutic and adverse effects of sedatives.
Animal research shows that poria mushroom extract has sedative properties. This interaction has not been shown in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Pinellia ternata Rhizome Extract3 drug types · 256 drugs

Barbiturates

Evidence from animal research shows that a Pinellia ternata preparation decreases activity and increases sleeping time. Theoretically, Pinellia ternata can potentiate the therapeutic effect of barbiturates. Some of these sedative medications include pentobarbital (Nembutal), phenobarbital (Luminal), secobarbital (Seconal), and others.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Benzodiazepines

Evidence from animal research shows that a Pinellia ternata preparation decreases activity and increases sleeping time. Theoretically, Pinellia ternata can potentiate the therapeutic effect of benzodiazepines. Some benzodiazepines include lorazepam (Ativan), alprazolam (Xanax), diazepam (Valium), midazolam (Versed), and others.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cns Depressants

Evidence from animal research shows that a Pinellia ternata preparation decreases activity and increases sleeping time. Theoretically, Pinellia ternata can potentiate the therapeutic effect of CNS depressants. Some of these medications include antihistamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, tricyclic antidepressants, and others.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Crataegus pinnatifida fruit extract6 drug types · 191 drugs

Nitrates

Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive coronary vasodilatory effects.
Some evidence shows that hawthorn might lower blood pressure due to vasodilatory effects.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors

Theoretically, concomitant use might result in additive vasodilation and hypotension.
Hawthorn might inhibit PDE-5 and cause vasodilation.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, hawthorn may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro and animal research shows that hawthorn can inhibit platelet aggregation. However, its effect in humans is unclear. One observational study shows that patients taking hawthorn shortly before undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery or valve replacement surgery have a 10% incidence of postoperative bleeding, compared with 1% in those who never consumed hawthorn extract. However, clinical research shows that taking a specific preparation of dried hawthorn leaves and flowers (Crataesor, Soria Natural Lab) 800 mg three times daily for 15 days does not affect platelet aggregation or levels of thromboxane B2, the metabolite of thromboxane A2, in healthy humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Beta-Blockers

Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive effects on blood pressure and heart rate.
Some evidence shows that hawthorn might lower blood pressure and heart rate.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Calcium Channel Blockers

Theoretically, concomitant use might cause additive coronary vasodilation and hypotensive effects.
Some evidence shows that hawthorn might lower blood pressure due to vasodilatory effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Digoxin (Lanoxin)

Theoretically, hawthorn might potentiate the effects and adverse effects of digoxin.
Hawthorn appears to improve cardiac output; however, hawthorn does not appear to affect digoxin pharmacokinetics. Case reports suggest that at least one species of hawthorn root extract (Crataegus mexicana) may produce adverse effects similar to digoxin and can cross-react with digoxin assays, leading to falsely elevated plasma digoxin levels.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Forsythia suspensa Fruit Extract2 drug types · 123 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, taking forsythia with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might increase the risk of bleeding due to decreased platelet aggregation. Forsythia might reduce platelet aggregation by inhibiting platelet activating factor. Some of these drugs include aspirin, clopidogrel (Plavix), dalteparin (Fragmin), enoxaparin (Lovenox), heparin, ticlopidine (Ticlid), warfarin (Coumadin), and others.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Azithromycin (Zithromax)

Theoretically, taking forsythia with azithromycin might increase the risk of adverse effects. Animal research in rats shows that taking a single dose of forsythia with azithromycin decreases the clearance and increases the area under the curve of both forsythiaside, a constituent of forsythia, and azithromycin. The mechanism of this interaction is not well understood.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D

Raphanus sativus Seed Extract1 drug type · 86 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, radish might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Animal research shows that radish extract, juice, and sprouts can reduce glucose levels. Animal research also shows that radish root juice 300 mg/kg reduces fasting and postprandial blood glucose in a rat model of diabetes, with effects similar to glibenclamide.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Hordeum vulgare Fruit Extract1 drug type · 1 drug

Triclabendazole (Egaten)

Theoretically, barley might decrease the clinical effects of triclabendazole.
Animal research suggests that a diet supplemented with barley can reduce the bioavailability of triclabendazole when taken concomitantly. This effect has not been shown in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Bao He Teapills, from the product label.

Plum Flower

Name
Mayway Herbs
City
Oakland
State
CA
Web Address
www.plumflowerherbs.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Bao He Teapills by Plum Flower: Common Questions

Does Bao He Teapills by Plum Flower interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Bao He Teapills has a known interaction with 1,451 medications, including 675 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Bao He Teapills contains 8 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Does this work for digestion or stomach issues?
The evidence for most ingredients in this formula is insufficient—we don't have reliable data showing they work for their intended purposes. Wheat bran is possibly effective for constipation and irritable bowel syndrome, but the overall formula's effectiveness isn't established in the data we hold.
Can I take this if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
No. Several ingredients—siberian cocklebur, poria mushroom, pinellia ternata, sweet annie, forsythia, radish, and smartweed—should be avoided during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to lack of safety data or known risks. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist about whether this product is right for you.
What are the most common side effects?
Sweet annie may cause nausea and vomiting. Barley and wheat bran commonly cause bloating, flatulence, and gas, especially when you first start. Some people may have allergic reactions to barley or wheat. Radish can cause mild indigestion or stomach upset in large amounts.
Is this safe if I have liver or kidney disease?
No. Siberian cocklebur can damage both your liver and kidneys. Sweet annie has been linked to hepatitis in rare cases. If you have liver or kidney disease, talk with your pharmacist—this product likely isn't right for you.
What's pinellia ternata and why is it a concern?
Pinellia ternata is a rhizome (underground plant part) used in traditional Chinese medicine. Raw pinellia is toxic, and even properly processed forms contain alkaloids that may raise blood pressure, speed your heart rate, and potentially cause heart attack or stroke. It's also documented to boost the effects of sedatives and sleep medications.
Does this contain gluten?
Yes. Both barley and wheat are present in this formula, and both contain gluten. If you have celiac disease or gluten sensitivity, this product is not safe for you.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Bao He Teapills is safe with your meds?

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Bao He Teapills label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Bao He Teapills’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Tangerine

Interacts with 643 drugs

Tangerine is a sweet citrus fruit that is a good source of vitamin C and other nutrients, and is widely enjoyed as food. While the peel and essential oil are used in traditional medicine and...

Read the full Tangerine monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Poria Mushroom

Interacts with 417 drugs

Poria mushroom (Fu Ling) is a fungus long used in Traditional Chinese Medicine, mainly as a mild diuretic and digestive and calming aid. Modern scientific evidence in humans is very limited,...

Read the full Poria Mushroom monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Pinellia Ternata

Interacts with 256 drugs

Pinellia ternata is a tuber used in traditional Chinese medicine, most often for nausea, vomiting, and phlegmy coughs, and almost always as part of multi-herb formulas. The raw plant is toxi...

Read the full Pinellia Ternata monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Forsythia

Interacts with 123 drugs

Forsythia is a traditional Chinese herb, used mainly for cold and flu symptoms and as part of multi-herb formulas. Most evidence comes from laboratory, animal, and traditional use rather tha...

Read the full Forsythia monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Barley

Interacts with 1 drug

Barley is a nutritious whole grain that is a good source of soluble fiber called beta-glucan, which has solid evidence for modestly lowering LDL ('bad') cholesterol when eaten regularly. It...

Read the full Barley monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Hawthorn

Interacts with 191 drugs

Hawthorn is a plant traditionally used for heart-related complaints, and some studies suggest it may modestly help symptoms of mild heart failure when added to standard care. However, the ev...

Read the full Hawthorn monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Radish

Interacts with 86 drugs

Radish is a common edible root vegetable that is nutritious and generally safe to eat as food. Some people use radish (especially black radish) and its extracts for digestion and liver suppo...

Read the full Radish monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Bao He Teapills's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 85 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Tangerine 3 references
  1. Yuan, J. M., Wang, X. L., Xiang, Y. B., Gao, Y. T., Ross, R. K., and Yu, M. C. Preserved foods in relation to risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Shanghai, China. Int J Cancer 2000;85(3):358-363. DOI
  2. Backman, J. T., Maenpaa, J., Belle, D. J., Wrighton, S. A., Kivisto, K. T., and Neuvonen, P. J. Lack of correlation between in vitro and in vivo studies on the effects of tangeretin and tangerine juice on midazolam hydroxylation. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2000; PubMed
  3. Vilaplana, J. and Romaguera, C. Contact dermatitis from the essential oil of tangerine in fragrance. Contact Dermatitis 2002;46(2):108. PubMed

See these in context on the Tangerine monograph →

Poria Mushroom 3 references
  1. McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
  2. Kim H, Park I, Park K, Park S, Kim YI, Park BG. The positive effects of Poria cocos extract on quality of sleep in insomnia rat models. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022;19(11):6629. PubMed
  3. Lv Q, Di X, Bian B, Li K, Guo J. Neuroprotective effects of Poria cocos (Agaricomycetes) essential oil on Aß1-40-induced learning and memory deficit in rats. Int J Med Mushrooms 2022;24(10):73-82.

See these in context on the Poria Mushroom monograph →

Pinellia Ternata 4 references
  1. Kim SH, Jeong H, Kim YK, et al. IgE-mediated occupational asthma induced by herbal medicine, Bahna (Pinellia ternata). Clin Exp Allergy 2000;31:779-81.
  2. FDA, HHS. Final rule declaring dietary supplements containing ephedrine alkaloids adulterated because they present an unreasonable risk. Fed Regist 2004;69:6787-6854.
  3. Lin S, Nie B, Yao G, Yang H, Ye R, Yuan Z. Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) makino preparation promotes sleep by increasing REM sleep. Nat Prod Res. 2019;33(22):3326-3329. PubMed
  4. Lin YH, Chen C, Zhao X, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Banxia Formulae for Insomnia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of High-Quality Randomized Controlled Trials. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2021;2021:8833168. PubMed

See these in context on the Pinellia Ternata monograph →

Sweet Annie 11 references
  1. Mueller MS, Karhagomba IB, Hirt HM, Wemakor E. The potential of Artemisia annua L. as a locally produced remedy for malaria in the tropics: agricultural, chemical and clinical aspects. J Ethnopharmacol 2000;73:487-93. PubMed
  2. Rath K, Taxis K, Walz G, et al. Pharmacokinetic study of artemisinin after oral intake of a traditional preparation of Artemisia annua L. (annual wormwood). Am J Trop Med Hyg 2004;70:128-32. DOI
  3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Hepatitis temporally associated with an herbal supplement containing artemisinin-Washington, 2008. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2009;58:854-8.
  4. Xing J, Kirby BJ, Whittington D, et al. Evaluation of P450 inhibition and induction by artemisinin antimalarials in human liver microsomes and primary human hepatocytes. Drug Metabl Dispos 2012;40(9):1757-64. PubMed
  5. Savage RL, Hill GR, Barnes J, Kenyon SH, Tatley MV. Suspected hepatotoxicity with a supercritical carbon dioxide extract of Artemisia annua in grapeseed oil used in New Zealand. Front Pharmacol. 2019;10:1448. PubMed
  6. Ruperti-Repilado FJ, Haefliger S, Rehm S, et al. Danger of herbal tea: a case of acute cholestatic hepatitis due to Artemisia annua tea. Front Med (Lausanne). 2019;6:221. PubMed
  7. Yang J, Shen Z, Liu L, et al. Clinical efficacy and safety of Artesimia annua-Sublingual immunotherapy in seasonal allergic rhinitis patients based on different intervention time. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2022;183(8):852-859.
  8. Kane NF, Kiani BH, Desrosiers MR, Towler MJ, Weathers PJ. Artemisia extracts differ from artemisinin effects on human hepatic CYP450s 2B6 and 3A4 in vitro. J Ethnopharmacol 2022. DOI
  9. Feng Y, Cao Y, Liu Y, et al. Clinical efficacy and safety of coseasonal initiation of Artemisia annua sublingual immunotherapy on patients with Artemisia-induced rhinoconjunctivitis. Am J Otolaryngol 2023;44(5):103942. PubMed
  10. Yang J, Wang W, Shen Z, et al. Efficacy and safety of Artemisia annua sublingual immunotherapy in patients with seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis over two pollen seasons. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2023;280(11):4939-4947. PubMed
  11. Shen Z, Zhang P, Kang W, et al. Clinical efficacy in one-year treatment with Artemisia annua-SLIT drops in monosensitized and polysensitized individuals. Am J Otolaryngol 2023;44(6):104002. PubMed

See these in context on the Sweet Annie monograph →

Forsythia 3 references
  1. Kong XT, Fang HT, Jiang GQ, et al. Treatment of acute bronchiolitis with Chinese herbs. Arch Dis Child 1993;68:468-71. PubMed
  2. Iwakami S, Wu JB, Ebizuka Y, Sankawa U. Platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonists contained in medicinal plants: lignans and sesquiterpenes. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1992;40:1196-8. PubMed
  3. Li XG, Ni J, Shen S, Wang XP, Tian JC. Pharmacokinetic interaction of Forsythia suspensa extract and azithromycin injection after single and co-intravenous administration in rats. Chin J Nat Med 2020;18(3):234-240. PubMed

See these in context on the Forsythia monograph →

Barley 15 references
  1. Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
  2. Fernandez-Anaya S, Crespo JF, Rodriguez JR, et al. Beer anaphylaxis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;103:959-60.
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  6. Fernandez-Anaya, S., Crespo, J. F., Rodriguez, J. R., Daroca, P., Carmona, E., Herraez, L., and Lopez-Rubio, A. Beer anaphylaxis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1999;103(5 Pt 1):959-960.
  7. Cronin, E. Contact dermatitis from barley dust. Contact Dermatitis 1979;5(3):196. PubMed
  8. Block, G., Tse, K. S., Kijek, K., Chan, H., and Chan-Yeung, M. Baker's asthma. Studies of the cross-antigenicity between different cereal grains. Clin Allergy 1984;14(2):177-185.
  9. van Ketel, W. G. Immediate type allergy to malt in beer. Contact Dermatitis 1980;6(4):297-298. PubMed
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  11. Vidal, C. and Gonzalez-Quintela, A. Food-induced and occupational asthma due to barley flour. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 1995;75(2):121-124.
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  14. Nakase, M., Usui, Y., Alvarez-Nakase, A. M., Adachi, T., Urisu, A., Nakamura, R., Aoki, N., Kitajima, K., and Matsuda, T. Cereal allergens: rice-seed allergens with structural similarity to wheat and barley allergens. Allergy 1998;53(46 Suppl):55-57. PubMed
  15. Pereira, F., Rafael, M., and Lacerda, M. H. Contact dermatitis from barley. Contact Dermatitis 1998;39(5):261-262. PubMed

See these in context on the Barley monograph →

Hawthorn 25 references
  1. Tauchert M. Efficacy and safety of crataegus extract WS 1442 in comparison with placebo in patients with chronic stable New York Heart Association class-III heart failure. Am Heart J 2002;143:910-5. PubMed
  2. Pittler MH, Schmidt K, Ernst E. Hawthorn extract for treating chronic heart failure: meta-analysis of randomized trials. Am J Med 2003;114:665-74.. PubMed
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  8. Dalli E, Colomer E, Tormos MC, et al. Crataegus laevigata decreases neutrophil elastase and has hypolipidemic effect: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Phytomedicine. 6-15-2011;18:769-75. PubMed
  9. Maek-a-nantawat W, Phonrat B, Dhitavat J, et al. Safety and efficacy of CKBM-A01, a Chinese herbal medicine, among asymptomatic HIV patients. Southeast Asian J Trop.Med Public Health 2009;40:494-501.
  10. Asher GN, Viera AJ, Weaver MA, et al. Effect of hawthorn standardized extract on flow mediated dilation in prehypertensive and mildly hypertensive adults: a randomized, controlled cross-over trial. BMC.Complement Altern.Med 2012;12:26. PubMed
  11. Walker AF, Marakis G, Simpson E, et al. Hypotensive effects of hawthorn for patients with diabetes taking prescription drugs: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Gen.Pract 2006;56:437-43.
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  16. Dalli, E., Valles, J., Cosin-Sales, J., Santos, M. T., Moscardo, A., Milara, J., and Sotillo, J. F. Effects of hawthorn (Crataegus laevigata) on platelet aggregation in healthy volunteers. Thromb.Res 2011;128(4):398-400. PubMed
  17. Rogov VD. [Toxiderma due to the fruits of the hawthorn]. Vestn Dermatol Venerol 1984;7(7):46-47.
  18. Loew D, Albrecht M, and Podzuweit H. Efficacy and tolerability of a Hawthorn preparation in patients with heart failure Stage I and II according to NYHA - a surveillance study. Phytomedicine 1996;3(Suppl 1):92.
  19. Rababa'h AM, Altarabsheh SE, Haddad O, Deo SV, Obeidat Y, Al-Azzam S. Hawthorn Herb Increases the Risk of Bleeding after Cardiac Surgery: An Evidence-Based Approach. Heart Surg Forum 2016;19(4):E175-9. PubMed
  20. Shatoor AS, Soliman H, Al-Hashem F, Gamal BE, Othman A, El-Menshaw N. Effect of hawthorn (Crataegus aronia syn. Azarolus (L)) on platelet function in albino wistar rats. Thromb Res 2012;130(1):75-80. PubMed
  21. Vibes J, Lasserre B, Gleye J, Declume C. Inhibition of thromboxane A2 biosynthesis in vitro by the main components of Crataegus oxyacantha (hawthorn) flower heads. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1994;50(4):173-5. PubMed
  22. Rogers KL, Grice ID, Griffiths LR. Inhibition of platelet aggregation and 5-HT release by extracts of Australian plants used traditionally as headache treatments. Eur J Pharm Sci 2000;9(4):355-63. PubMed
  23. Zhou CC, Huang XX, Gao PY, et al. Two new compounds from Crataegus pinnatifida and their antithrombotic activities. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2014;16(2):169-74.
  24. Palmer KG, Lebin JA, Cronin MT, Mazor SS, Burns RA. Crataegus mexicana (Tejocote) Exposure Associated with Cardiotoxicity and a Falsely Elevated Digoxin Level. J Med Toxicol. 2019;15(4):295-298. PubMed
  25. Espinosa J, Bassett R, Lucerna A, Finn D. Hawthorne root (Crataegus mexicana) toxicity. Am J Emerg Med. 2024;78:242.e5-242.e6. PubMed

See these in context on the Hawthorn monograph →

Radish 5 references
  1. Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
  2. Damiani E, Aloia AM, Priore MG, Nardulli S, Ferrannini A. Generalized urticaria after ingestion of Raphanus sativus. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2011 Feb;106(2):168. PubMed
  3. Evans M, Paterson E, Barnes DM. An open label pilot study to evaluate the efficacy of Spanish black radish on the induction of phase I and phase II enzymes in healthy male subjects. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2014 Dec 9;14:475. PubMed
  4. Banihani SA. Radish (Raphanus sativus) and diabetes. Nutrients. 2017;9(9). pii: E1014. PubMed
  5. Shukla S, Chatterji S, Mehta S, Rai PK, Singh RK, Yadav DK, Watal G. Antidiabetic effect of Raphanus sativus root juice. Pharm Biol. 2011 Jan;49(1):32-7.

See these in context on the Radish monograph →

Wheat Bran 4 references
  1. Foster S, Tyler VE. Tyler's Honest Herbal: A Sensible Guide to the Use of Herbs and Related Remedies. 3rd ed., Binghamton, NY: Haworth Herbal Press, 1993.
  2. McRorie J, Kesler J, Bishop L, et al. Effects of wheat bran and Olestra on objective measures of stool and subjective reports of GI symptoms. Am J Gastroenterol 2000;95:1244-52. PubMed
  3. Food and Drug Administration. Food Allergen Labeling and Consumer Protection Act of 2004 (FALCPA); Public Law 108-282, Title II. Accessed on May 19, 2021. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/food/food-allergensgluten-free-guidance-documents-regulatory-infor
  4. Dalile B, La Torre D, Kalc P, et al. Extruded Wheat Bran Consumption Increases Serum Short-Chain Fatty Acids but Does Not Modulate Psychobiological Functions in Healthy Men: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Front Nutr 2022;9:896154. PubMed

See these in context on the Wheat Bran monograph →

Wheatgrass 5 references
  1. Ben-Arye E, Golden E, Wengrower D, et al. Wheat grass juice in the treatment of active distal ulcerative colitis a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Scand J Gastroenterol 2002;4:444-9.. PubMed
  2. Mohan Y, Jesuthankaraj GN1, Ramasamy Thangavelu N. Antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of Triticum aestivum in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2013;2013:716073.
  3. Shakya G, Randhi PK, Pajaniradje S, Mohankumar K, Rajagopalan R. Hypoglycaemic role of wheatgrass and its effect on carbohydrate metabolic enzymes in type II diabetic rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2016;32(6):1026-32. PubMed
  4. Food and Drug Administration. Food Allergen Labeling and Consumer Protection Act of 2004 (FALCPA); Public Law 108-282, Title II. Accessed on May 19, 2021. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/food/food-allergensgluten-free-guidance-documents-regulatory-infor
  5. Haron MH, Dale O, Martin K, et al. Evaluation of the Herb-Drug Interaction Potential of Commonly Used Botanicals on the US Market with Regard to PXR- and AhR-Mediated Influences on CYP3A4 and CYP1A2. J Diet Suppl 2022. PubMed

See these in context on the Wheatgrass monograph →

Smartweed 2 references
  1. Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
  2. Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.

See these in context on the Smartweed monograph →

Siberian Cocklebur 4 references
  1. Wu, M. L., Wang, C. P., and Deng, J. F. Fatal hepatic failure due to fructus xanthii in a child. Abstracts of the 2005 North American Congress of Clinical Toxicology Annual Meeting. Clin Toxicol 2005;43:639. DOI
  2. Gurley ES, Rahman M, Hossain MJ, et al. Fatal outbreak from consuming Xanthium strumarium seedlings during time of food scarcity in northeastern Bangladesh. PLoS One 2010 Mar 18;5(3):e9756. PubMed
  3. Turgut M, Alhan CC, Gurgoze M, et al. Carboxyatractyloside poisoning in humans. Ann Trop Paediatr 2005;25(2):125-34. PubMed
  4. Karabiber H, Almis H, Selimoglu MA, Yakinci C, Yilmaz S. Xanthium strumarium poisoning requiring liver transplantation. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2014;58(1):e6-9.

See these in context on the Siberian Cocklebur monograph →

Apricot 1 reference
  1. Dietary Supplements - What You Need to Know — NIH Office of Dietary Supplements Source

See these in context on the Apricot monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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