Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 5 of 7 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Bio.Clear Oestro Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Invivo

Bio.Clear Oestro label
See full label image
Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Bio.Clear Oestro against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Bio.Clear Oestro is a dietary supplement by Invivo with 7 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for liver health and fatty liver, brain and memory support, prenatal nutrition and fetal development.Based on those ingredients, 575 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Rosemary extract, Selenium, TrueBroc Broccoli seed extract. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Bio.Clear Oestro by Invivo

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Bio.Clear Oestro by Invivo — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
Prefer a human? Send your question to our licensed pharmacists — free, answered by email within 24 hours.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Bio.Clear Oestro by Invivo

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 7 of its 7 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

Bio.Clear Oestro contains 7 active ingredients. Choline Citrate provides choline, an important nutrient for cell health.

TrueBroc Broccoli seed extract delivers concentrated sulforaphane compounds from broccoli. Rosemary extract brings polyphenols traditionally used for memory support.

Riboflavin-5-Phosphate is an active form of vitamin B2. Selenium is a mineral cofactor for antioxidant enzymes.

Trimethylglycine and Mustard Myrosinase round out the formula. The capsules also contain inactive ingredients including alfalfa powder, spirulina, and the capsule material itself (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose).

Does it work?

Couldn't assess
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Not assessable

We hold no graded evidence for this product's ingredients for its stated purpose.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: support oestrogen metabolism.
  • We looked for evidence on: Hormonal balance, Estrogen dominance, Menopause support, Hormone metabolism.
  • Our graded evidence for these ingredients doesn't cover that particular purpose.

Evidence for this product's effects is mixed. Rosemary extract is rated possibly effective for memory.

Broccoli extract is rated possibly effective for colorectal cancer prevention. Choline's effectiveness is unclear — it's rated possibly ineffective for athletic performance and insufficient evidence for cognitive decline and other uses.

Selenium is rated likely effective for selenium deficiency and possibly effective for Kashin-Beck disease and pre-eclampsia, but possibly ineffective for dyslipidemia (cholesterol issues). For most other claimed uses of these ingredients, the evidence we hold is not established enough to rate.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Choline Broccoli Rosemary Riboflavin Selenium

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 5 of the 5 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 5 of 5.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 5 of 5.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

These ingredients are generally well tolerated at standard doses. Choline at high doses above 3.5 grams daily may cause fishy body odor, diarrhea, nausea, or gastrointestinal upset.

Broccoli seed extract can cause loose stools and abdominal cramping, especially at high doses. Rosemary at high doses or as an undiluted oil may trigger seizures.

Selenium is safe below the upper limit of 400 mcg daily, but excess can cause nail changes, hair loss, fatigue, nausea, and rarely serious toxicity; excess selenium also increases the risk of squamous cell skin cancer. Riboflavin may cause dose-related nausea and bright yellow urine.

Choline and broccoli are rated likely safe in pregnancy and lactation; rosemary has no safety data for medicinal doses in pregnancy or breastfeeding, so food amounts are preferred; selenium and riboflavin have no pregnancy or lactation ratings on file for this product — talk with your doctor before use if you're pregnant or nursing.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Choline Broccoli Rosemary Riboflavin Selenium

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 5 of the 5 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Rosemary, Choline, Riboflavin, Selenium, Broccoli.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; diabetes medications.
  • For scale: 575 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before you take Bio.Clear Oestro, check whether you use blood thinners like warfarin or clopidogrel (Plavix), or aspirin at prescription strength — rosemary and selenium may increase bleeding risk. If you take diabetes medications, tetracycline antibiotics (like doxycycline), barbiturate sedatives, immunosuppressants, or niacin supplements, let your pharmacist know.

The broccoli extract may speed up how your body breaks down many common drugs, which could make them less effective — the checker below will show you which ones.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with no assessable stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product may be worth considering if you're looking for general antioxidant and cognitive support — but it's not one to start without checking your medications first, especially if you take blood thinners, diabetes drugs, tetracycline antibiotics, barbiturates, or immunosuppressants. If you're pregnant, nursing, or taking any regular prescription medication, talk with your pharmacist or doctor before you add it.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 5 of 7 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Feb 23, 2022.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Bio.Clear Oestro, straight from the product label.

Brand Invivo
Barcode (UPC) 0710535365962
Net contents 60 Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Feb 23, 2022
DSLD ID 259860
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Vegan, Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Women (not pregnant or lactating), Gluten Free, Dairy Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Bio.Clear Oestro by Invivo, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
2 Capsule(s)
UPC/BARCODE
0710535365962
IngredientAmount% DV
Trimethylglycine25 mg--
Choline Citrate25 mg--
TrueBroc Broccoli seed extract75 mg--
Rosemary extract25 mg--
Riboflavin-5-Phosphate15 mg--
Selenium50 mcg--
Mustard Myrosinase7.5 mg--

Other ingredients: Alfalfa powder, Spirulina, Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
FDA Statement of Identity

Food Supplement

Formulation

A botanical and nutrient blend to support oestrogen metabolism

GMO-free Dairy-free Gluten-free

Vegan

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Directions: Take 1-2 capsules daily.

Precautions

Do not exceed the recommended dose, unless advised by your healthcare professional.

Do not use during pregnancy or breastfeeding.

Food supplements are not a substitute for a varied and balanced diet or lifestyle.

Keep out of reach of children.

Allergens: See ingredients in bold.

Formula

Riboflavin contributes to normal energy-yielding metabolism.

Storage

Store in the original packaging, at room temperature, in a dry place.

Seals/Symbols

Certified B Corporation

Carbon Neutral

GMP Certified

General Statements

NRV = Nutrient Reference Value

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Bio.Clear Oestro by Invivo label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Bio.Clear Oestro label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Bio.Clear Oestro by Invivo

These are the 7 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Trimethylglycine

25 mg per serving

Choline Citrate

Interacts with
16 drugs
25 mg per serving

Choline is an essential nutrient your body needs for liver function, brain health, and nerve signaling, and many people get enough from foods like egg...

Choline Citrate monograph & interactions

TrueBroc Broccoli seed extract

Interacts with
187 drugs
75 mg per serving

Broccoli is a nutritious cruciferous vegetable rich in fiber, vitamins, and plant compounds like sulforaphane that have drawn scientific interest for...

TrueBroc Broccoli seed extract monograph & interactions

Rosemary extract

Interacts with
372 drugs
25 mg per serving Form: Carnosic Acid

Rosemary is a fragrant Mediterranean herb that is safe and flavorful in normal food amounts. Some early research suggests possible benefits for memory...

Rosemary extract monograph & interactions

Riboflavin-5-Phosphate

Interacts with
20 drugs
15 mg per serving

Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is an essential nutrient your body needs to turn food into energy and to keep skin, eyes, and nerves healthy. It is generally...

Riboflavin-5-Phosphate monograph & interactions

Selenium

Interacts with
321 drugs
50 mcg per serving Form: Selenomethionine

Selenium is an essential trace mineral your body needs in small amounts for thyroid function, antioxidant defense, and immune health. Most people who...

Selenium monograph & interactions

Mustard Myrosinase

7.5 mg per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Alfalfa powder, Spirulina, Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Bio.Clear Oestro by Invivo Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Bio.Clear Oestro?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
575Drugs
551 Moderate 24 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Rosemary extract 372
Selenium 321
TrueBroc Broccoli seed extract 187
Riboflavin-5-Phosphate 20
Choline Citrate 16

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Bio.Clear Oestro interact with 575 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

5 of the 7 ingredients in Bio.Clear Oestro interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Rosemary extract Selenium TrueBroc Broccoli seed extract Riboflavin-5-Phosphate Choline Citrate

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Bio.Clear Oestro with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Rosemary extract6 drug types · 372 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, rosemary may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro and animal research suggests that rosemary inhibits platelet aggregation.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking rosemary with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Animal research shows that rosemary extract can decrease blood glucose levels in diabetic models. However, research in humans is conflicting. Although rosemary powder decreased blood glucose levels in healthy adults, no change in blood glucose levels was seen in adults with type 2 diabetes, most of whom were taking antidiabetes drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Aspirin

Theoretically, rosemary might have additive effects with salicylate-containing drugs such as aspirin.
Rosemary is reported to contain salicylates.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Choline Magnesium Trisalicylate (Trilisate)

Theoretically, rosemary might have additive effects with salicylate-containing drugs such as choline magnesium trisalicylate.
Rosemary is reported to contain salicylate.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Salsalate (Disalcid)

Theoretically, rosemary might have additive effects with salicylate-containing drugs such as salsalate.
Rosemary is reported to contain salicylate.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, rosemary might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research shows that rosemary induces CYP1A2 enzymes. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Rosemary extract full monograph & interactions

Selenium6 drug types · 321 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Selenium may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Clinical research suggests that taking selenium 10 mcg/kg/day can increase bleeding times by increasing prostacyclin production, which inhibits platelet activity. Other clinical research suggests that taking selenium 75 mcg daily, in combination with ascorbic acid 600 mg, alpha-tocopherol 300 mg, and beta-carotene 27 mg, reduces platelet aggregation.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Barbiturates

Theoretically, selenium might prolong the sedating effects of barbiturates.
Laboratory research suggests that selenium can inhibit the hepatic metabolism of barbiturates. Selenium seems to prolong the sedative effect of pentobarbital in animal models.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Immunosuppressants

Theoretically, selenium supplementation may reduce the effectiveness of immunosuppressant therapy.
In vitro research and preliminary clinical evidence suggests that selenium may stimulate the immune system.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, selenium might interfere with warfarin activity.
Animal research suggests that selenium can increase warfarin activity. Selenium might interact with warfarin by displacing it from albumin binding sites, reducing its metabolism in the liver, or by decreasing production of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. Selenium can also prolong bleeding times in humans by increasing prostacyclin production, which inhibits platelet activity.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Contraceptive Drugs

Contraceptive drugs might increase levels of selenium, although the clinical significance of this effect is unclear.
Some research suggests that oral contraceptives increase serum selenium levels in women taking oral contraceptives; however, other research shows no change in selenium levels. It is suggested that an increase could be due to increased carrier proteins, indicating a redistribution of selenium rather than a change in total body selenium.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Niacin

Selenium might reduce the beneficial effects of niacin on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels.
A combination of niacin and simvastatin (Zocor) effectively raises HDL cholesterol levels in patients with coronary disease and low HDL levels. Clinical research shows that taking a combination of antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene, and selenium) along with niacin and simvastatin (Zocor) attenuates this rise in HDL, specifically the HDL-2 and apolipoprotein A1 fractions, by more than 50% in patients with coronary disease. It is not known whether this adverse effect is due to a single antioxidant such as selenium, or to the combination. It also is not known whether it will occur in other patient populations.

Likelihood Possible Evidence A
Selenium full monograph & interactions

TrueBroc Broccoli seed extract2 drug types · 187 drugs

Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Pharmacokinetic research in humans shows that eating 500 grams of fresh broccoli daily for 6-12 days can increase CYP1A2 activity by 10% to 200%. Induction of CYP1A2 activity by broccoli is attributed to its glucosinolate constituents.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 2A6 (Cyp2A6) Substrates

Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2A6.
Pharmacokinetic research in humans shows that eating 500 grams of broccoli daily for 6 days increases CYP2A6 activity by 135% to 550%. Induction of CYP2A6 activity is attributed to its glucosinolate constituents.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
TrueBroc Broccoli seed extract full monograph & interactions

Riboflavin-5-Phosphate1 drug type · 20 drugs

Tetracycline Antibiotics

Theoretically, taking riboflavin with tetracycline antibiotics may decrease the potency of these antibiotics.
In vitro research suggests that riboflavin may inhibit the potency of tetracycline antibiotics. It is not clear if this effect is clinically significant, as this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Riboflavin-5-Phosphate full monograph & interactions

Choline Citrate1 drug type · 16 drugs

Atropine

Theoretically, choline might decrease the effects of atropine in the brain.
Animal research shows that administering choline one hour before administering atropine can attenuate atropine-induced decreases in brain levels of acetylcholine. Theoretically, concomitant use of choline and atropine may decrease the effects of atropine.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Choline Citrate full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Bio.Clear Oestro, from the product label.

Invivo

See all Invivo products
Name
Invivo Healthcare
State
UK
ZipCode
GL5 2TE
Web Address
invivohealthcare.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Bio.Clear Oestro by Invivo: Common Questions

Does Bio.Clear Oestro by Invivo interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Bio.Clear Oestro has a known interaction with 575 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Bio.Clear Oestro contains 7 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Does this product have any side effects?
At normal doses, these ingredients are usually well tolerated. At high doses, choline can cause fishy body odor, nausea, and diarrhea. Broccoli seed extract may cause loose stools or abdominal cramping. Rosemary in high doses or as undiluted oil might trigger seizures. Selenium above 400 mcg daily can cause nail or hair changes, fatigue, and in rare cases serious toxicity. Riboflavin may cause nausea and bright yellow urine.
Is this safe during pregnancy or breastfeeding?
Choline and broccoli are rated likely safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Rosemary has no safety data for medicinal doses in pregnancy or breastfeeding — stick to food amounts. Selenium and riboflavin have no pregnancy or lactation safety ratings on file here. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist before using any supplement while pregnant or nursing.
What does rosemary extract do in this formula?
Rosemary extract is rated possibly effective for memory. It's included for its polyphenol content and traditional use to support cognitive function, though the evidence is limited.
Why is selenium included if it can be toxic at high doses?
Selenium is an essential mineral that your body needs in small amounts — it's rated likely effective for preventing selenium deficiency and possibly effective for a few other conditions. The product should contain a safe dose, but you should still avoid adding extra selenium supplements on top of this product without checking first.
What is Choline Citrate, and what does it do?
Choline Citrate is a form of choline, a nutrient important for cell structure and brain function. It's rated possibly ineffective for athletic performance and has insufficient evidence for cognitive decline and other uses in the data we hold.
What is the broccoli seed extract in this product?
It's TrueBroc Broccoli seed extract, a concentrated source of broccoli's active compounds (glucosinolates and sulforaphane). It's rated possibly effective for colorectal cancer prevention. However, it can speed up how your liver breaks down certain medications, which may reduce their effectiveness — check with your pharmacist if you're on any prescription drugs.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Bio.Clear Oestro is safe with your meds?

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Bio.Clear Oestro label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Bio.Clear Oestro’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Choline

Interacts with 16 drugs

Choline is an essential nutrient your body needs for liver function, brain health, and nerve signaling, and many people get enough from foods like eggs, meat, and fish. Supplements may help...

Read the full Choline monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Broccoli

Interacts with 187 drugs

Broccoli is a nutritious cruciferous vegetable rich in fiber, vitamins, and plant compounds like sulforaphane that have drawn scientific interest for health benefits. Eating broccoli as food...

Read the full Broccoli monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Rosemary

Interacts with 372 drugs

Rosemary is a fragrant Mediterranean herb that is safe and flavorful in normal food amounts. Some early research suggests possible benefits for memory, mood, and hair growth, but the evidenc...

Read the full Rosemary monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Riboflavin

Interacts with 20 drugs

Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is an essential nutrient your body needs to turn food into energy and to keep skin, eyes, and nerves healthy. It is generally very safe at typical doses, and the stro...

Read the full Riboflavin monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Selenium

Interacts with 321 drugs

Selenium is an essential trace mineral your body needs in small amounts for thyroid function, antioxidant defense, and immune health. Most people who eat a varied diet get enough, and supple...

Read the full Selenium monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Bio.Clear Oestro's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 80 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Choline 14 references
  1. Yates AA, Schlicker SA, Suitor CW. Dietary reference intakes: The new basis for recommendations for calcium and related nutrients, B vitamins, and choline. J Am Diet Assoc 1998;98:699-706. PubMed
  2. Cho E, Willett WC, Colditz GA, et al. Dietary choline and betaine and the risk of distal colorectal adenoma in women. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007;99:1224-31. PubMed
  3. Schmidt, C., Abicht, A., Krampfl, K., Voss, W., Stucka, R., Mildner, G., Petrova, S., Schara, U., Mortier, W., Bufler, J., Huebner, A., and Lochmuller, H. Congenital myasthenic syndrome due to a novel missense mutation in the gene encoding choline acetyl
  4. Tamminga, C., Smith, R. C., Chang, S., Haraszti, J. S., and Davis, J. M. Depression associated with oral choline. Lancet 10-23-1976;2(7991):905. PubMed
  5. Wood, J. L. and Allison, R. G. Effects of consumption of choline and lecithin on neurological and cardiovascular systems. Fed.Proc. 1982;41(14):3015-3021.
  6. Growdon, J. H. and Gelenberg, A. J. Choline and lecithin administration to patients with tardive dyskinesia. Trans.Am.Neurol.Assoc. 1978;103:95-99.
  7. Smith, C. M., Swash, M., Exton-Smith, A. N., Phillips, M. J., Overstall, P. W., Piper, M. E., and Bailey, M. R. Choline therapy in Alzheimer's disease. Lancet 8-5-1978;2(8084):318. PubMed
  8. Morrison, L. M. and W. F. Gonzales. Choline in coronary atherosclerosis. Amer.Heart J. 1950;39:729.
  9. Christie, J. G. Blackburn 1. M. Glen A. I. M. Zeisel S. Shering A. & Yates C. M. Effects of choline and lecithin on CSF choline levels and on cognitive functioning in patients with presenile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Nutrition and the brain 1979;5
  10. Sidhu N, Davies S, Nadarajah A, et al. Oral choline supplementation for postoperative pain. Br J Anaesth 2013;111(2):249-55. PubMed
  11. Wozniak JR, Fuglestad AJ, Eckerle JK, et al. Choline supplementation in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders has high feasibility and tolerability. Nutr Res. 2013;33(11):897-904. PubMed
  12. Wozniak JR, Fuglestad AJ, Eckerle JK, et al. Choline supplementation in children with fetal alcohol disorders: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;102(5): 1113-25.
  13. Ross RG, Hunter SK, McCarthy L, et al. Perinatal choline effects on neonatal pathophysiology related to later schizophrenia risk. Am J Psychiatry. 2013;170(3):290-8. PubMed
  14. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Choline. Dietary Reference Intakes: Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B-6, Vitamin B-12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline. Washington D.C.: National Academy Press; 1998:390-422.

See these in context on the Choline monograph →

Broccoli 5 references
  1. Kristal AR, Lampe JW. Brassica vegetables and prostate cancer risk: a review of the epidemiological evidence. Nutr Cancer 2002;42:1-9. PubMed
  2. Chakrabarti A, Prais L, Foulds IS. Allergic contact dermatitis to broccoli. Br J Dermatol 2003;148:172-3. PubMed
  3. Hakooz, N. and Hamdan, I. Effects of dietary broccoli on human in vivo caffeine metabolism: a pilot study on a group of Jordanian volunteers. Curr Drug Metab 2007;8(1):9-15. PubMed
  4. Kall MA, Vang O, Clausen J. Effects of dietary broccoli on human drug metabolising activity. Cancer Lett. 1997;114(1-2):169-70. PubMed
  5. Bauman JE, Hsu CH, Centuori S, et al. Randomized Crossover Trial Evaluating Detoxification of Tobacco Carcinogens by Broccoli Seed and Sprout Extract in Current Smokers. Cancers (Basel). 2022;14(9):2129. Published 2022 Apr 24. PubMed

See these in context on the Broccoli monograph →

Rosemary 20 references
  1. Newall CA, Anderson LA, Philpson JD. Herbal Medicine: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. London, UK: The Pharmaceutical Press, 1996.
  2. Foster S, Tyler VE. Tyler's Honest Herbal: A Sensible Guide to the Use of Herbs and Related Remedies. 3rd ed., Binghamton, NY: Haworth Herbal Press, 1993.
  3. The Review of Natural Products by Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO: Wolters Kluwer Co., 1999.
  4. McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
  5. Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
  6. Cartier LC, Lehrer A, Malo JL. Occupational asthma caused by aromatic herbs. Allergy 1996;51:647-9. DOI
  7. Burkhard PR, Burkhardt K, Haenggeli CA, Landis T. Plant-induced seizures: reappearance of an old problem. J Neurol 1999;246:667-70. PubMed
  8. Swain AR, Dutton SP, Truswell AS. Salicylates in foods. J Am Diet.Assoc 1985;85(8):950-60. DOI
  9. Zhu BT, Loder DP, Cai MX, et al. Dietary administration of an extract from rosemary leaves enhances the liver microsomal metabolism of endogenous estrogens and decreases their uterotropic action in CD-1 mice. Carcinogenesis 1998;19(10):1821-7. PubMed
  10. Debersac P, Heydel JM, Amiot MJ, et al. Induction of cytochrome P450 and/or detoxication enzymes by various extracts of rosemary: description of specific patterns. Food Chem Toxicol 2001;39(9):907-18. PubMed
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See these in context on the Riboflavin monograph →

Selenium 36 references
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See these in context on the Selenium monograph →

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