Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 3 of 4 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Breath+Plus Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by ProCaps Laboratories

Breath+Plus label
See full label image
Capsule Category: Botanical With Nutrients
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 23, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Breath+Plus against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Breath+Plus is a dietary supplement by ProCaps Laboratories with 4 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for water retention and bloating, urinary and bladder support, digestive upset.Based on those ingredients, 1,263 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Peppermint, Spearmint, Parsley Seed, oil. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Breath+Plus by ProCaps Laboratories

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Breath+Plus by ProCaps Laboratories — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Breath+Plus by ProCaps Laboratories

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 12, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 4 of its 4 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

Breath+Plus contains four active ingredients: alpha-linolenic acid (a plant-based omega-3 fatty acid), parsley seed oil, peppermint, and spearmint. The product is filled in a soft-gelatin capsule.

Does it work?

Strong evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Strong

Clinical evidence supports at least one of this product's ingredients for its stated purpose.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: help achieve clean fresh breath.
  • We looked for evidence on: Halitosis, Dyspepsia, Flatulence, Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), Abdominal pain, gastric reflux — and 3 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Peppermint is rated "Likely Effective" for Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Peppermint is rated "Possibly Effective" for Dyspepsia.
  • Also on file: Peppermint is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Abdominal pain, Halitosis.

The evidence for Breath+Plus's individual ingredients is limited. Peppermint has research supporting its use for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and is possibly effective for nausea, digestive upset, and reducing spasms during medical procedures.

Parsley and spearmint both lack sufficient reliable evidence to rate their effectiveness for the conditions they're traditionally used for — urinary tract infections, skin conditions, cognitive function, and digestive complaints. The combination and dosage in this product have not been established in the data we hold.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Parsley Peppermint Spearmint

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 3 of the 3 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 3 of 3.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 3 of 3.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Peppermint leaf and spearmint are generally well tolerated in food and tea amounts, though concentrated oils and supplements require more caution. Peppermint's most common side effects are mild — belching, heartburn, dry mouth, diarrhea, and abdominal pain — though rare cases of severe allergic reactions have been reported.

Spearmint is generally well tolerated orally, but allergic contact dermatitis and cheilitis (lip swelling) have occurred with topical use and in toothpaste. Parsley is safe as food but concentrated extracts, seeds, and essential oils may not be safe in large amounts.

Very high doses of parsley (well above normal use) have caused serious effects including hemolytic anemia and kidney problems. One case of severe anaphylaxis was reported after long-term daily parsley consumption.

Parsley may stimulate the uterus and is likely unsafe in pregnancy; stick to food amounts only. Peppermint is likely safe in pregnancy and lactation.

No pregnancy or lactation data is on file for spearmint's safety during lactation.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Parsley Peppermint Spearmint

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 3 of the 3 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Peppermint, Parsley, Spearmint.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; diabetes medications.
  • For scale: 1,264 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking Breath+Plus, check with your pharmacist if you take any blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs (parsley is Moderate risk), diabetes medications (Moderate risk of low blood sugar), diuretics or water pills (Moderate risk), sedatives like pentobarbital, the immunosuppressant sirolimus or cyclosporine (Moderate risk), or liver-metabolized medications affected by CYP2C19, CYP2C9, and CYP3A4 enzymes (Moderate risk from peppermint). CNS depressants like sleep aids or anxiety medications may also be affected (Moderate risk from spearmint).

No interactions are documented for alpha-linolenic acid.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with clinical evidence supporting its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

Breath+Plus may be worth considering if you're looking for peppermint's established benefits for IBS and digestive comfort. However, the parsley seed oil component carries significant interaction risk with blood thinners, diabetes medications, sedatives, and several other drug classes.

If you take any prescription medication — especially blood thinners, diabetes drugs, water pills, or immunosuppressants — talk to your pharmacist or doctor before starting this product, and use the interaction checker on this page for your exact medications. Avoid this product if you're pregnant.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 3 of 4 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jan 25, 2012.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Breath+Plus, straight from the product label.

Brand ProCaps Laboratories
Net contents 360 Easy To Swallow Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Jan 25, 2012
DSLD ID 4695
Product type Botanical With Nutrients
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Breath+Plus by ProCaps Laboratories, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Softgel(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
2 Softgel(s)
Servings per container
360
IngredientAmount% DV
Alpha-Linolenic Acid100 mg--
Parsley Seed, oil10 mg--
Peppermint10 mg--
Spearmint10 mg--

Other ingredients: Soft-Gelatin Capsule

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
FDA Statement of Identity

DIETARY SUPPLEMENT

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

SUGGESTED USE Swallow (do not BREATH SOLUTION chew) one or two capsules with liquid immediately after eating, before going to bed or first thing in the morning. Breath+Plus can be used anytime, day or night, to help achieve clean fresh breath by helping to eliminate unpleasant odors caused by garlic, onions, alcohol, fish oils, tobacco, morning breath and more originating from the GI tract. Of course, one should also pursue an effective regime of oral hygiene to achieve optimally fresh, clean breath. For answers to questions about the use of this product call 800.800.1200.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

Formula

Standardized Extracts of Peppermint, Spearmint and Parsley Seed Oils

General

602712 05.05.10 PC

General Statements

Andrew Lessman’s BREATH+PLUS is a unique approach to help combat the most frequently overlooked source of bad breath – the Stomach; since the source of bad breath is often not the mouth, but the very nearby contents of the stomach and gastrointestinal tract. The natural breath fresheners in Breath+Plus work within the digestive system to help eliminate offensive odors from garlic, onions, alcohol, smoking, morning breath and more. The highly concentrated and standardized extracts of Parsley Seed Oil, Peppermint Oil and Spearmint Oil in Breath+Plus combine to create Mother Nature’s most effective internal breath freshener to naturally help neutralize offensive odors originating from the stomach and GI tract. Best of all, since Breath+Plus is swallowed and not chewed, there’s no unpleasantly overwhelming minty cover-up or aftertaste. If fresh breath is your goal, then Breath+Plus delivers the perfect complement to a sensible program of oral hygiene while addressing the most overlooked source of bad breath – the all too nearby contents of the stomach and GI tract.

THE ALTERNATIVE BREATH SOLUTION

Formulation

NO ADDITIVES.

Seals/Symbols

All-Solar Manufacturing

ProCaps(R)LABORATORIES

Brand IP Statement(s)

2010 ProCaps Labs

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Breath+Plus by ProCaps Laboratories label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Breath+Plus label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Breath+Plus by ProCaps Laboratories

These are the 4 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Softgel(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container360 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Alpha-Linolenic Acid

100 mg per serving Form: Flaxseed Oil

Parsley Seed, oil

Interacts with
443 drugs
10 mg per serving

Parsley is a popular culinary herb that is safe to eat in normal food amounts and is a good source of vitamins K and C. It is traditionally used as a...

Parsley Seed, oil monograph & interactions

Peppermint

Interacts with
796 drugs
10 mg per serving Form: Menthol

Peppermint is a popular herb with the best evidence supporting enteric-coated peppermint oil for easing IBS symptoms. It is generally well tolerated f...

Peppermint monograph & interactions

Spearmint

Interacts with
579 drugs
10 mg per serving Form: Carvone

Spearmint is a common culinary mint that is generally safe in food and tea amounts. Early research suggests possible benefits for digestion, mild horm...

Spearmint monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Soft-Gelatin Capsule. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Breath+Plus by ProCaps Laboratories Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Breath+Plus?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
1,263Drugs
1,263 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Peppermint 796
Spearmint 579
Parsley Seed, oil 443

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Breath+Plus interact with 1,263 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

3 of the 4 ingredients in Breath+Plus interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Peppermint Spearmint Parsley Seed, oil

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Breath+Plus with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Peppermint5 drug types · 796 drugs

Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)

Theoretically, peppermint oil might increase the levels and adverse effects of cyclosporine.
In animal research, peppermint oil inhibits cyclosporine metabolism and increases cyclosporine levels. Inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) may be partially responsible for this interaction. An interaction between peppermint oil and cyclosporine has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates

Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP2C19 substrates.
In vitro research shows that peppermint oil inhibits CYP2C19. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP2C9 substrates.
In vitro research shows that peppermint oil inhibits CYP2C9. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Clinical research in healthy volunteers shows that a single dose of peppermint oil 600 mg inhibits CYP3A4 enzymes and increases the AUC of felodipine, a CYP3A4 substrate. However, in vitro research suggests that peppermint oil only inhibits CYP3A4 at very high concentrations.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro and animal research shows that peppermint oil and peppermint leaf inhibit CYP1A2. However, in clinical research, peppermint tea did not significantly affect the metabolism of caffeine, a CYP1A2 substrate. It is possible that the 6-day duration of treatment may have been too short to identify a difference.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Peppermint full monograph & interactions

Spearmint2 drug types · 579 drugs

Cns Depressants

Theoretically, spearmint might alter the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Animal research suggests that (-)-carvone, a major constituent of spearmint, has sedative effects. However, in humans, chewing spearmint-flavored gum induced arousal effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Hepatotoxic Drugs

Theoretically, high doses of spearmint might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Animal research suggests that drinking spearmint tea for 30 days can increase markers of liver damage, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and cause liver degeneration and necrosis, in a dose-dependent manner. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Spearmint full monograph & interactions

Parsley Seed, oil8 drug types · 443 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, parsley might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Animal research suggests that parsley has antiplatelet effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, parsley might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Animal research suggests that parsley might decrease blood glucose. Monitor blood glucose levels closely. Dose adjustments might be necessary.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, parsley might increase serum levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Laboratory research suggests that parsley can inhibit CYP1A2.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Diuretic Drugs

Theoretically, parsley might enhance or interfere with the effects of diuretic drugs.
Animal research suggests that parsley seed extract increases urine elimination. Parsley leaf and root might also interfere with diuretic therapy due their purported aquaretic effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Pentobarbital (Nembutal)

Theoretically, parsley might increase the duration of pentobarbital effects.
Animal research suggests that parsley juice prolongs the action of pentobarbital, perhaps by decreasing cytochrome P450 levels. It is not known if this occurs in humans or if this applies to other barbiturates or sedatives.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sirolimus (Rapamune)

Theoretically, large quantities of parsley might increase sirolimus levels.
In one case report, an adult female with a history of kidney transplant presented with elevated blood sirolimus levels, approximately 4-7 times greater than previous measures, after daily consumption of a juice containing approximately 30 grams of parsley for 7 days. Sirolimus levels returned to normal a week after the parsley juice was discontinued.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, large amounts of parsley leaf and root might decrease the effects of warfarin.
Parlsey contains vitamin K.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Aspirin

Theoretically, aspirin might increase the severity of allergic reactions to parsley.
In one case, severe urticaria and swelling were reported after taking aspirin with parsley in an individual with a known mild parsley allergy.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Parsley Seed, oil full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Breath+Plus, from the product label.

ProCaps Laboratories

See all ProCaps Laboratories products
Name
ProCaps(R)LABORATORIES
Street Address
430 Parkson Road
City
Henderson
State
NV
ZipCode
89011
Phone Number
800.800.1200
Web Address
WWW.PROCAPSLABS.COM
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Breath+Plus by ProCaps Laboratories: Common Questions

Does Breath+Plus by ProCaps Laboratories interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Breath+Plus has a known interaction with 1,263 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Breath+Plus contains 4 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Does this product work for bad breath?
The product facts we hold don't establish effectiveness for bad breath or breath freshness. Peppermint is supported for IBS and possibly for nausea and digestive upset, but parsley and spearmint lack sufficient evidence for the conditions they're traditionally used for. If you're looking for this product for a specific purpose, talk to your pharmacist about what evidence exists.
Can I take this if I'm on warfarin or another blood thinner?
No — parsley seed oil in this product contains vitamin K and has antiplatelet effects, which theoretically increases bleeding risk with blood thinners. Do not start this product without talking to your doctor or pharmacist first, as it may interfere with how your blood thinner works.
Can I take this while pregnant or breastfeeding?
Parsley is likely unsafe in pregnancy because it may stimulate the uterus; use only food amounts during pregnancy. Peppermint is likely safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Spearmint is likely safe in pregnancy and breastfeeding, though lactation data is limited. Talk to your doctor about this product before starting if you're pregnant or nursing.
What are the most common side effects?
Peppermint most commonly causes mild digestive symptoms: belching, heartburn, dry mouth, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Spearmint is well tolerated orally but can cause allergic skin reactions in sensitive people. Parsley is generally well tolerated at normal food amounts but may cause side effects at very high doses.
Will this raise my blood sugar if I have diabetes?
Animal research suggests parsley may lower blood glucose, so it could theoretically increase the risk of low blood sugar if you take diabetes medication. If you have diabetes, check with your pharmacist or doctor before starting, and monitor your blood glucose closely — your medication dose might need adjustment.
Is there anything in this product besides the herbs?
The capsule itself is made of soft gelatin. There are no other fillers or inactive ingredients listed in the product facts.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Breath+Plus label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Breath+Plus’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Parsley

Interacts with 443 drugs

Parsley is a popular culinary herb that is safe to eat in normal food amounts and is a good source of vitamins K and C. It is traditionally used as a diuretic and for digestion, but solid hu...

Read the full Parsley monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Peppermint

Interacts with 796 drugs

Peppermint is a popular herb with the best evidence supporting enteric-coated peppermint oil for easing IBS symptoms. It is generally well tolerated for most adults, but it can cause heartbu...

Read the full Peppermint monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Spearmint

Interacts with 579 drugs

Spearmint is a common culinary mint that is generally safe in food and tea amounts. Early research suggests possible benefits for digestion, mild hormone-related issues (such as excess facia...

Read the full Spearmint monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Breath+Plus's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 82 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Parsley 21 references
  1. Newall CA, Anderson LA, Philpson JD. Herbal Medicine: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. London, UK: The Pharmaceutical Press, 1996.
  2. Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics. 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
  3. McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
  4. Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
  5. Robbers JE, Tyler VE. Tyler's Herbs of Choice: The Therapeutic Use of Phytomedicinals. New York, NY: The Haworth Herbal Press, 1999.
  6. Foster S, Tyler VE. Tyler's Honest Herbal, 4th ed., Binghamton, NY: Haworth Herbal Press, 1999. DOI
  7. Eberhard P, Gall HM, Muller I, Moller R. Dramatic augmentation of a food allergy by acetylsalicylic acid. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;105:844 PubMed
  8. Tunali T, Yarat A, Yanardag R, et al. Effect of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) on the skin of STZ induced diabetic rats. Phytother Res 1999;13:138-41.. DOI
  9. Chuang CH, Doyle P, Wang JD, et al. Herbal medicines used during the first trimester and major congenital malformations: an analysis of data from a pregnancy cohort study. Drug Saf 2006;29:537-48. PubMed
  10. Ciganda C, and Laborde A. Herbal infusions used for induced abortion. J Toxicol.Clin Toxicol. 2003;41:235-239. PubMed
  11. Jakovljevic, V., Raskovic, A., Popovic, M., and Sabo, J. The effect of celery and parsley juices on pharmacodynamic activity of drugs involving cytochrome P450 in their metabolism. Eur.J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2002;27(3):153-156. PubMed
  12. Kreydiyyeh, S. I. and Usta, J. Diuretic effect and mechanism of action of parsley. J Ethnopharmacol 2002;79(3):353-357. PubMed
  13. Yanardag, R., Bolkent, S., Tabakoglu-Oguz, A., and Ozsoy-Sacan, O. Effects of Petroselinum crispum extract on pancreatic B cells and blood glucose of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Biol Pharm Bull. 2003;26(8):1206-1210. PubMed
  14. Bolkent, S., Yanardag, R., Ozsoy-Sacan, O., and Karabulut-Bulan, O. Effects of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) on the liver of diabetic rats: a morphological and biochemical study. Phytother.Res 2004;18(12):996-999.
  15. Ozsoy-Sacan, O., Yanardag, R., Orak, H., Ozgey, Y., Yarat, A., and Tunali, T. Effects of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) extract versus glibornuride on the liver of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 3-8-2006;104(1-2):175-181. PubMed
  16. Peterson, S., Lampe, J. W., Bammler, T. K., Gross-Steinmeyer, K., and Eaton, D. L. Apiaceous vegetable constituents inhibit human cytochrome P-450 1A2 (hCYP1A2) activity and hCYP1A2-mediated mutagenicity of aflatoxin B1. Food Chem.Toxicol. 2006;44(9):147 PubMed
  17. Gadi, D., Bnouham, M., Aziz, M., Ziyyat, A., Legssyer, A., Legrand, C., Lafeve, F. F., and Mekhfi, H. Parsley extract inhibits in vitro and ex vivo platelet aggregation and prolongs bleeding time in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 8-17-2009;125(1):170-174. PubMed
  18. Arslan S, Ucar R, Caliskaner AZ. A Cases of Near-fatal Anaphylaxis: Parsley "Over-use" as an Herbal Remedy. Med Arch. 2014;68(6):426-7.
  19. Foti C, Cassano N, Mistrello G, Amato S, Romita P, Vena GA. Contact urticaria to raw arugula and parsley. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2011 May;106(5):447-8. PubMed
  20. Farzaei MH, Abbasabadi Z, Ardekani MR, Rahimi R, Farzaei F. Parsley: a review of ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and biological activities. J Tradit Chin Med. 2013;33(6):815-26. PubMed
  21. Kurtaran M, Koc NS, Aksun MS, Yildirim T, Yilmaz SR, Erdem Y. Petroselinum crispum, a commonly consumed food, affects sirolimus level in a renal transplant recipient: a case report. Ther Adv Drug Saf 2021;12:20420986211009358.

See these in context on the Parsley monograph →

Peppermint 41 references
  1. Liu JH, Chen GH, Yeh HZ, et al. Enteric-coated peppermint-oil capsules in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: a prospective, randomized trial. J Gastroenterol 1997;32:765-8. PubMed
  2. Pittler MH, Ernst E. Peppermint oil for irritable bowel syndrome: a critical review and metaanalysis. Am J Gastroenterol 1998;93:1131-5. PubMed
  3. Kline RM, Kline JJ, Di Palma J, Barbero GJ. Enteric-coated, pH-dependent peppermint oil capsules for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome in children. J Pediatr 2001;138:125-8. PubMed
  4. Madisch A, Heydenreich CJ, Wieland V, et al. Treatment of functional dyspepsia with a fixed peppermint oil and caraway oil combination preparation as compared to cisapride. A multicenter, reference-controlled, double-blind equivalence study. Arzneimittel
  5. May B, Kuntz HD, Kieser M, Kohler S. Efficacy of a fixed peppermint oil/caraway oil combination in non-ulcer dyspepsia. Arzneimittelforschung 1996;46:1149-53.
  6. Micklefield GH, Greving I, May B. Effects of peppermint oil and caraway oil on gastroduodenal motility. Phytother Res 2000;14:20-3. DOI
  7. Morton CA, Garioch J, Todd P, et al. Contact sensitivity to menthol and peppermint in patients with intra-oral symptoms. Contact Dermatitis 1995;32:281-4. PubMed
  8. May B, Kohler S, Schneider B. Efficacy and tolerability of a fixed combination of peppermint oil and caraway oil in patients suffering from functional dyspepsia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2000;14:1671-7. PubMed
  9. Nash P, Gould SR, Bernardo DE. Peppermint oil does not relieve the pain of irritable bowel syndrome. Br J Clin Pract 1986;40:292-3. DOI
  10. Rees WD, Evans BK, Rhodes J. Treating irritable bowel syndrome with peppermint oil. Br Med J 1979;2:835-6. PubMed
  11. Davies SJ, Harding LM, Baranowski AP. A novel treatment of postherpetic neuralgia using peppermint oil. Clin J Pain 2002;18:200-2. PubMed
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  25. Vermaat, H., van Meurs, T., Rustemeyer, T., Bruynzeel, D. P., and Kirtschig, G. Vulval allergic contact dermatitis due to peppermint oil in herbal tea. Contact Dermatitis 2008;58(6):364-365. PubMed
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Spearmint 20 references
  1. Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 182 -- Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182
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  5. de Sousa, D. P., Farias Nobrega, F. F., and de Almeida, R. N. Influence of the chirality of (R)-(-)- and (S)-(+)-carvone in the central nervous system: a comparative study. Chirality 5-5-2007;19(4):264-268.
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  7. Guney, M., Oral, B., Karahanli, N., Mungan, T., and Akdogan, M. The effect of Mentha spicata Labiatae on uterine tissue in rats. Toxicol.Ind.Health 2006;22(8):343-348.
  8. Masumoto, Y., Morinushi, T., Kawasaki, H., Ogura, T., and Takigawa, M. Effects of three principal constituents in chewing gum on electroencephalographic activity. Psychiatry Clin.Neurosci. 1999;53(1):17-23. PubMed
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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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