Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Daily Energy Tropical Passion Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by OLLY

Gummy Or Jelly Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Major
The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

Daily Energy Tropical Passion is a dietary supplement by OLLY with 4 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for replacing fluids and electrolytes, preventing dehydration during exercise or illness, treating low blood sodium (under medical care).Based on those ingredients, 1,036 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Goji Berry Juice, Powder, Sodium, Coenzyme Q-10. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Daily Energy Tropical Passion by OLLY

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 4 of its 4 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

Daily Energy Tropical Passion contains four active ingredients. Sodium is included for electrolyte function, though the product is a source of dietary sodium that you'll want to be mindful of if you're watching your intake.

Vitamin B12 supports energy metabolism and is effective for B12 deficiency. Coenzyme Q-10 (CoQ10) is an antioxidant found naturally in cells and may support heart and muscle function.

Goji berry juice and powder are traditional botanicals used for general wellness, though evidence for specific benefits is limited. The product also contains several inactive ingredients—glucose syrup, sugar, gelatin, citric acid, pectin, and others—that make up the gummy base.

Does it work?

Not established
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Not established

The graded evidence we hold for these ingredients covers different conditions than the ones this product is marketed for, so there's no established rating for its stated use.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: Support cellular energy production.
  • We looked for evidence on: Fatigue, Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), Chemotherapy-related fatigue, Athletic performance, Cognitive function, Energy metabolism — and 1 related terms.
  • The closest evidence on file: Coenzyme Q10 is rated "Possibly Ineffective" for Chemotherapy-related fatigue (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Coenzyme Q10 is rated "Likely Ineffective" for Athletic performance.
  • Also on file: Vitamin B12 is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Cognitive function, Fatigue.

Vitamin B12 in this product is effective for treating B12 deficiency and is likely effective for cyanide poisoning; it's possibly effective for canker sores and nerve pain after shingles. CoQ10 is likely effective for CoQ10 deficiency and possibly effective for fibromyalgia, migraines, heart failure, and diabetic nerve pain.

For sodium, the effectiveness data reflects medical uses (cystic fibrosis and certain nephrotoxic drug effects) rather than energy support. Goji berry's effectiveness isn't established in our data—all six conditions listed show insufficient reliable evidence, meaning we don't have solid proof it works for sunburn, heart disease, blood pressure, weight loss, or quality of life improvements.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Sodium Vitamin B12 Coenzyme Q10 Goji

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 4 of the 4 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 4 of 4.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 4 of 4.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Vitamin B12 is generally very well tolerated; excess is removed in the urine and there's no established upper limit. Coenzyme Q-10 is usually well tolerated, though a small number of trial participants reported mild gastrointestinal side effects like nausea or diarrhea (less than 1% of users), and rarely, headache or dizziness.

Sodium is essential in small amounts, but too much is linked to high blood pressure and heart strain; normal dietary sodium is fine, but avoid supplements or very high intakes without medical advice. Goji berry is generally safe as a food, though concentrated supplements have less safety data.

A small number of people have reported allergic reactions including mouth itching, facial swelling, and rash; one case of hepatitis has been reported with a combination product containing goji.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Sodium Vitamin B12 Coenzyme Q10 Goji

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 4 of the 4 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Vitamin B12, Coenzyme Q10, Goji, Sodium.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; diabetes medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 1,037 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Check with your pharmacist before using this if you take warfarin or other blood thinners (Major risk from goji berry). Also double-check if you take blood pressure medications, lithium, diabetes drugs, metformin, corticosteroids, heart rhythm drugs like flecainide, or chemotherapy (Moderate risks from multiple ingredients).

Additionally, if your medication is metabolized by liver enzyme systems (CYP2D6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, or CYP3A4), goji berry may affect its levels—your pharmacist can tell you if yours is.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with no established evidence rating for its marketed use. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product is for someone looking to add energy support through B vitamins and traditional botanicals. If you take warfarin, blood pressure medications, lithium, diabetes medications, metformin, chemotherapy, or any drug that depends on liver enzyme systems for metabolism, talk to your pharmacist before starting—the interactions are real and may affect how your medications work.

Check your exact meds with the tool on this page.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 4 of 4 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Sep 25, 2024.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Daily Energy Tropical Passion, straight from the product label.

Brand OLLY
Barcode (UPC) 858158005695
Net contents 60 Gummy(ies)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Sep 25, 2024
DSLD ID 315979
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Gummy Or Jelly
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Daily Energy Tropical Passion by OLLY, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
2 Gummy(ies)
Maximum serving Sizes:
2 Gummy(ies)
Servings per container
30
UPC/BARCODE
858158005695
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories15 Calorie(s)--
Total Carbohydrates4 Gram(s)1%
Sodium10 mg1%
Vitamin B12300 mcg12500%
Added Sugars2 Gram(s)4%
Total Sugars2 Gram(s)--
Coenzyme Q-1030 mg--
Goji Berry Juice, Powder100 mg--

Other ingredients: Glucose Syrup, Sugar, Water, Gelatin, Citric Acid, Pectin, Natural Flavors, Sodium Citrate, Carrot Juice, Blackcurrant juice, Vegetable Oil, Carnauba Wax

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formula

The goods inside B12 The bee's knees. This vitamin is essential for the production of cellular energy - the fuel your body needs to burn, without the caffeine. CoQ10 A key nutrient that helps support your mitochondria, the energy powerhouse of your cells. Goji Berry Go Goji, Go. A superfood that's been super loved for centuries.

Vitamin B12 + CoQ10 & Goji Berry

Tropical Passion flavored with other natural flavors

Delightfully tasty A tropical blend with passion fruit flavors.

Formulation

Caffeine free

To support cellular energy production

No artificial flavors or colors Gluten free

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested Use: Take 2 gummies daily. Chew thoroughly before swallowing.

Take on the daily No food or water necessary.

Precautions

Processed in a facility with products that may contain soy, egg, peanuts, tree nuts, milk, fish, shellfish, wheat and sesame.

Take only as directed. Do not exceed suggested use.

If you have a medical condition, are on medication or are pregnant or nursing, please seek the advice of a qualified health care professional before using.

Do not use if inner seal is broken or missing.

Not intended for use in children. Keep out of the reach of children.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place.

Seals/Symbols

Certified B Corporation

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

General Statements

Discard seal, empty & replace cap Plastic bottle How2recycle.info

Brand IP Statement(s)

Copyright 2024 OLLY PBC

See for yourself

Daily Energy Tropical Passion by OLLY label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

What’s inside

The Ingredients in Daily Energy Tropical Passion by OLLY

These are the 4 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size2 Gummy(ies) Dosage formGummy Or Jelly Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Sodium

Interacts with
205 drugs
10 mg per serving

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets g...

Sodium monograph & interactions

Vitamin B12

Interacts with
20 drugs
300 mcg per serving Form: Cyanocobalamin

Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is an essential nutrient your body needs to make red blood cells, keep nerves healthy, and support DNA. Supplements are very h...

Vitamin B12 monograph & interactions

Coenzyme Q-10

Interacts with
198 drugs
30 mg per serving Form: Ubiquinone

CoQ10 is a vitamin-like substance your body makes naturally that helps cells produce energy and acts as an antioxidant. It is generally well tolerated...

Coenzyme Q-10 monograph & interactions

Goji Berry Juice, Powder

Interacts with
1,000 drugs
100 mg per serving Form: Lycium barbarum, Powder

Goji berries are a nutritious fruit rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and plant polysaccharides, and they are safe for most people as a food. While they...

Goji Berry Juice, Powder monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Glucose Syrup, Sugar, Water, Gelatin, Citric Acid, Pectin, Natural Flavors, Sodium Citrate, Carrot Juice, Blackcurrant juice, Vegetable Oil, Carnauba Wax. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Daily Energy Tropical Passion by OLLY Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Daily Energy Tropical Passion?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

Go to the checker
1,036Drugs
2 Major 966 Moderate 68 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Sodium 205

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Daily Energy Tropical Passion with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Goji Berry Juice, Powder8 drug types · 1,000 drugs

Warfarin (Coumadin)

Goji can increase the effects of warfarin and possibly increase the risk of bleeding.
There are at least 5 case reports of increased international normalized ratio (INR) in patients stabilized on warfarin who began drinking goji juice, concentrated goji tea, or goji wine. Goji may inhibit the metabolism of warfarin by cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9).

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use of goji root bark, but not goji fruit, with antihypertensive drugs might have additive effects.
Animal and in vitro research suggest that goji root bark has hypotensive effects. However, goji fruit juice does not appear to reduce systolic or diastolic blood pressure in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates

Theoretically, goji berry might inhibit CYP2C19 and reduce metabolism of CYP2C19 substrates.
In vitro research shows that goji berry tincture and juice inhibit CYP2C19 enzymes. Concomitant use with goji may decrease metabolism and increase levels of CYP2C19 substrates. However, this has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Theoretically, goji berry might inhibit CYP2C9 and reduce metabolism of CYP2C9 substrates.
In vitro research shows that goji berry tincture and juice inhibit CYP2C9 enzymes. Additionally, multiple case reports suggest that goji berry concentrated tea and juice inhibit the metabolism of warfarin, a CYP2C9 substrate. Concomitant use with goji may decrease metabolism and increase levels of CYP2C9 substrates.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates

Theoretically, goji berry might inhibit CYP2D6 and reduce metabolism of CYP2D6 substrates.
In vitro research shows that goji berry juice inhibits CYP2D6 enzymes. Concomitant use with goji may decrease metabolism and increase levels of CYP2D6 substrates. However, this has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, goji berry might inhibit CYP3A4 and reduce metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research shows that goji berry juice inhibits CYP3A4 enzymes. Concomitant use with goji may decrease metabolism and increase levels of CYP3A4 substrates. However, this has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Flecainide (Tambocor)

Theoretically, goji berry might increase the levels and clinical effects of flecainide.
In one case report, a 75-year-old patient stable on flecainide and warfarin presented to the emergency room with fainting and pleomorphic arrhythmia caused by flecainide toxicity. Flecainide toxicity was attributed to drinking 1-2 glasses of concentrated goji tea daily for 2 weeks. Theoretically, goji may have inhibited the cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) metabolism of flecainide.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use of goji fruit polysaccharides or goji root bark with antidiabetes drugs might have additive effects.
Animal and in vitro research show that goji root bark and fruit polysaccharides might have hypoglycemic effects. However, clinical research has only shown that taking goji fruit polysaccharides with or without antidiabetes drugs modestly reduces postprandial glucose when compared with control, with no reports of hypoglycemia.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B

Sodium7 drug types · 205 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
High intake of dietary sodium can increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Also, high intake of sodium may necessitate increased use of antihypertensive medications to achieve blood pressure control in some patients, such as those with chronic kidney disease.

Likelihood Probable Evidence A
Corticosteroids

Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) cause sodium retention. This effect is dose-related and depends on mineralocorticoid potency. It is most common with hydrocortisone, cortisone, and fludrocortisone, followed by prednisone and prednisolone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Didanosine (Videx)

Concomitant use of didanosine with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Didanosine formulations contain a significant amount of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Lithium

Altering dietary intake of sodium might alter the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
High sodium intake can reduce plasma concentrations of lithium by increasing lithium excretion. Reducing sodium intake can significantly increase plasma concentrations of lithium and cause lithium toxicity in patients being treated with lithium carbonate. Stabilizing sodium intake is shown to reduce the percentage of patients with lithium level fluctuations above 0.8 mEq/L. Patients taking lithium should avoid significant alterations in their dietary intake of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Sodium Phosphates

Theoretically, concomitant use of sodium phosphate with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Use of high doses (> 45 mL in 24 hours) of sodium phosphate, such as those used for bowel cleansing before surgery, can lead to serious electrolyte disturbances, including hypernatremia. The risk of hypernatremia is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sodium-Containing Drugs

Concomitant use of sodium-containing drugs with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia and long-term sodium-related complications.
The Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake level of 2.3 grams of sodium daily indicates the intake at which it is believed that chronic disease risk increases for the apparently healthy population. Some medications contain high quantities of sodium. When used in conjunction with sodium supplements or high-sodium diets, the CDRR may be exceeded. Additionally, concomitant use may increase the risk for hypernatremia; this risk is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tolvaptan (Samsca)

Theoretically, concomitant use of tolvaptan with sodium might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Tolvaptan is a vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist that is used to increase sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia. Patients taking tolvaptan should use caution with the use of sodium salts such as sodium chloride.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C

Coenzyme Q-103 drug types · 198 drugs

Alkylating Agents

Coenzyme Q10 has antioxidant effects. Theoretically, this may reduce the activity of chemotherapy drugs that generate free radicals.
Theoretically, antioxidants such as coenzyme Q10 might protect tumor cells from chemotherapeutic agents that work by inducing oxidative stress, such as alkylating agents (e.g., cyclophosphamide) and radiation therapy. The clinical importance of this interaction is unknown.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Coenzyme Q10 is chemically similar to menaquinone and might have vitamin K-like procoagulant effects, which could decrease the effects of warfarin.
Concomitant use of coenzyme Q10 and warfarin might reduce the anticoagulant effects of warfarin. Four cases of decreased warfarin efficacy thought to be due to coenzyme Q10 have been reported. However, there is some preliminary clinical research that suggests coenzyme Q10 might not significantly decrease the effects of warfarin in patients who have a stable INR.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, coenzyme Q10 might have additive effects with antihypertensive drugs.
Some clinical research shows that coenzyme Q10 can significantly lower blood pressure, although other studies have shown conflicting results.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B

Vitamin B121 drug type · 20 drugs

Metformin (Glucophage)

Metformin, a common medication used to manage type 2 diabetes, has been associated with lower vitamin B12 levels in some individuals. Prolonged use of metformin can interfere with the absorption of B12 in the digestive system, potentially leading to a deficiency in this essential vitamin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence A
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Daily Energy Tropical Passion, from the product label.

OLLY

See all OLLY products
Name
OLLY Public Benefit Corp.
City
San Francisco
State
CA
ZipCode
94129
Phone Number
1-844-439-6559
Web Address
OLLY.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Daily Energy Tropical Passion by OLLY: Common Questions

Does Daily Energy Tropical Passion by OLLY interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Daily Energy Tropical Passion has a known interaction with 1,036 medications, including 2 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Daily Energy Tropical Passion contains 4 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is it safe to take this if I'm on warfarin?
No—goji berry in this product has a Major interaction with warfarin and can increase its blood-thinning effects and raise your bleeding risk. There are at least five case reports of patients on stable warfarin who developed dangerous increases in blood thinning after consuming goji juice. Do not take this product if you're on warfarin without talking to your doctor or pharmacist first.
Can I take this if I'm on blood pressure medication?
You need to check with your pharmacist. Sodium can reduce how well blood pressure medications work, and goji berry may also lower blood pressure. Both effects together could be a problem, depending on your specific medication and dose.
Does this product actually give you energy, or is that just marketing?
The effectiveness data we hold doesn't show that goji berry works for energy or fatigue—all the evidence is insufficient. Vitamin B12 is effective for B12 deficiency, which can cause fatigue if you're low. If your energy is fine and you're not deficient in B12, this product's energy claim isn't backed by proof in our data.
Is it safe to take this while pregnant?
Pregnancy safety is mixed across the ingredients. Vitamin B12 is considered safe during pregnancy, but goji berry should be avoided in pregnancy due to limited safety data and traditional reports of uterine effects. Sodium safety in pregnancy isn't fully rated in our data. Talk with your doctor or midwife before taking this product during pregnancy.
Will CoQ10 in here lower my blood pressure?
CoQ10 might have minor additive effects with blood pressure medications—some research shows it can lower blood pressure, though results are mixed. If you're already on a blood pressure drug, this could theoretically add a small additional effect. Your doctor or pharmacist should evaluate whether that's a concern for you.
What does the sodium in this do?
Sodium is an electrolyte your body needs, but this product is a source of dietary sodium. If you're watching your sodium intake because of high blood pressure, heart problems, or kidney disease, or if you take medications that are sensitive to sodium, you'll want to factor this product into your total daily intake and talk with your pharmacist.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Daily Energy Tropical Passion label
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Daily Energy Tropical Passion's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 122 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Sodium 38 references
  1. Garabedian-Ruffalo SM, Ruffalo RL. Drug and nutrient interactions. Am Fam Physician 1986;33:165-74.
  2. Food and Drug Administration Science Background: Safety of Sodium Phosphates Oral Solution. September 17, 2001. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/safety/sodiumphospate.htm
  3. Coton T, Mallaret C, Coilliot C, Carre D, Guisset M. Severe acute ulcerated gastritis induced by salt. Presse Med 2009;38(3):499-500. PubMed
  4. Frings-Meuthen P, Buehlmeier J, Baecker N, et al. High sodium chloride intake exacerbates immobilization-induced bone resorption and protein losses. J Appl Physiol 2011;111(2):537-542. PubMed
  5. Frings-Meuthen P, Baecker N, Heer M. Low-grade metabolic acidosis may be the cause of sodium chloride-induced exaggerated bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res 2008;23(4):517-524. PubMed
  6. Alam S, Johnson AG. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) among healthy normotensive and essential hypertensive elderly patients to determine the effect of high salt (NaCl) diet of blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13(6):367-74.
  7. Boudville N, Ward S, Benaroia M, House AA. Increased sodium intake correlates with greater use of antihypertensive agents by subjects with chronic kidney disease. Am J Hypertens 2005;18(10):1300-5. PubMed
  8. Bennett WM. Drug interactions and consequences of sodium restriction. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65(2 Suppl):678S-681S. PubMed
  9. Okusa MD, Crystal LJ. Clinical manifestations and management of acute lithium intoxication. Am J Med 1994;97(4):383-9. PubMed
  10. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2005. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10925. DOI
  11. D'Elia L, Rossi G, Ippolito R, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P. Habitual salt intake and risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Clin Nutr 2012;31(4):489-98. PubMed
  12. Goldsmith SR. Hyponatremia in heart failure: time for a trial. J Card Fail 2013;19(6):398-400. PubMed
  13. Willocks L, Brettle R, Keen J, Valentine C, Pinching AJ. Formulations of didanosine (ddI) and salt overload. Lancet 1992;339(8786):190.
  14. Chen L, Zhang Z, Chen W, Whelton PK, Appel LJ. Lower Sodium Intake and Risk of Headaches: Results From the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(7):1270-5. PubMed
  15. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Lower levels of sodium intake and reduced cardiovascular risk. Circulation. 2014;129(9):981-9. PubMed
  16. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Sodium Intake and All-Cause Mortality Over 20 Years in the Trials of Hypertension Prevention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(15):1609-1617. PubMed
  17. Mente A, O'Donnell M, Rangarajan S, et al. Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies. Lancet. 2016;388(10043):465-75. PubMed
  18. Moosavian SP, Haghighatdoost F, Surkan PJ, Azadbakht L. Salt and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2017;68(3):265-277. PubMed
  19. O'Donnell M, Mente A, Rangarajan S, et al. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion, mortality, and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(7):612-23. DOI
  20. Poggio R, Gutierrez L, Matta MG, Elorriaga N, Irazola V, Rubinstein A. Daily sodium consumption and CVD mortality in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Public Health Nutr. 2015;18(4):695-704. PubMed
  21. Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium, Food and Nutrition Board, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington (DC): National Acad
  22. Mahtani KR, Heneghan C, Onakpoya I, et al. Reduced Salt Intake for Heart Failure: A Systematic Review. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1693-1700. PubMed
  23. Yancy CW. Sodium Restriction in Heart Failure: Too Much Uncertainty-Do the Trials. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1700-1701. PubMed
  24. He FJ, Campbell NRC, Ma Y, MacGregor GA, Cogswell ME, Cook NR. Errors in estimating usual sodium intake by the Kawasaki formula alter its relationship with mortality: implications for public health. Int J Epidemiol. 2018;47(6):1784-1795. PubMed
  25. Murthy K, Ondrey GJ, Malkani N, et al. THE EFFECTS OF HYPONATREMIA ON BONE DENSITY AND FRACTURES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Endocr Pract. 2019;25(4):366-378. PubMed
  26. Messerli FH, Hofstetter L, Syrogiannouli L, et al. Sodium intake, life expectancy, and all-cause mortality. Eur Heart J 2021;42(21):2103-2112. PubMed
  27. Graudal NA, Hubeck-Graudal T, Jurgens G. Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, and triglyceride. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020;12(12):CD004022. PubMed
  28. Giatti S, Santos RB, Aielo AN, et al. Association of sodium with obstructive sleep apnea. The ELSA-Brasil study. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021;18(3):502-510. PubMed
  29. Nan X, Lu H, Wu J, et al. The interactive association between sodium intake, alcohol consumption and hypertension among elderly in northern China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2021;21(1):135. PubMed
  30. Kyozuka H, Fukusda T, Murata T, et al. Impact of preconception sodium intake on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: The Japan Environment and Children's study. Pregnancy Hypertens 2021;23:66-72. PubMed
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Vitamin B12 30 references
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Coenzyme Q10 40 references
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Goji 14 references
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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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