Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

DIM Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Allied Life Sciences

DIM label
See full label image
Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking DIM against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

DIM is a dietary supplement by Allied Life Sciences with 3 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for estrogen/hormone balance, acne and hormonal skin issues, prostate health support.Based on those ingredients, 1,089 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are PurePirine, Diindolylmethane, BrocStar. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against DIM by Allied Life Sciences

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with DIM by Allied Life Sciences — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of DIM by Allied Life Sciences

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 3 of its 3 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

This product contains three active ingredients. Diindolylmethane (DIM) is a compound from cruciferous vegetables like broccoli and cabbage.

PurePirine is a black pepper extract standardized for piperine, its active compound. BrocStar is a broccoli extract.

Together they're meant to support various health goals, though the evidence for most of them isn't firmly established. The product also includes inactive ingredients—vegetable capsule, cellulose, silica, and magnesium stearate—which are fillers and binders to hold the capsule together.

Does it work?

Not established
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Not established

The graded evidence we hold for these ingredients covers different conditions than the ones this product is marketed for, so there's no established rating for its stated use.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: support estrogen metabolism and hormone balance.
  • We looked for evidence on: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS), Breast cancer, Prostate cancer, Cervical dysplasia, Uterine cancer, menopause symptoms — and 2 related terms.
  • The closest evidence on file: Diindolylmethane is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Breast cancer (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Diindolylmethane is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Cervical dysplasia, Premenstrual syndrome (PMS), Prostate cancer, Uterine cancer.
  • Also on file: Broccoli is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Breast cancer, Prostate cancer.

The evidence supporting these ingredients isn't well established. For diindolylmethane, we have insufficient reliable evidence to rate it for benign prostatic hyperplasia, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, cervical dysplasia, or mastalgia.

Black pepper extract (PurePirine) is similarly unproven for hay fever, asthma, athletic performance, headache, depression, and diarrhea. Broccoli extract (BrocStar) is rated possibly effective for colorectal cancer, but we have insufficient evidence for bladder cancer, breast cancer, fibromyalgia, and gastric cancer.

If you're taking this for a specific condition, talk with your pharmacist or doctor about whether the evidence supports it for your situation.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Diindolylmethane Black Pepper Broccoli

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 3 of the 3 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 3 of 3.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 3 of 3.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Diindolylmethane is generally well tolerated in short-term studies, but long-term safety isn't established. Common side effects include diarrhea, gas, headache, nausea, rash, and vomiting.

A rare serious effect called DRESS (drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms) has been reported. One case of stroke occurred in a woman taking DIM, though she had other risk factors that made stroke more likely—it's unclear if DIM played a role.

Black pepper extract is well tolerated as a food spice but should be used cautiously in supplement form; concentrated piperine supplements aren't well studied for safety. Common effects are burning aftertaste, indigestion, and reduced taste.

Broccoli as food is safe for most people, though concentrated extracts can cause loose stools, diarrhea, and abdominal cramping at high doses. Both diindolylmethane and broccoli are rated likely safe in pregnancy and lactation, though no safety data is available for black pepper during breastfeeding.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Diindolylmethane Black Pepper Broccoli

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 3 of the 3 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Black Pepper, Diindolylmethane, Broccoli.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; diabetes medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 1,090 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Check this product against estrogens (including birth control and hormone replacement therapy), water pills (diuretics), and blood pressure drugs like propranolol. Also double-check anti-seizure medications (phenytoin), heart drugs (atorvastatin, theophylline), the HIV medication nevirapine, the antibiotic rifampin, the immunosuppressant cyclosporine, the sedative pentobarbital, and any drug your liver processes through the CYP1A2 or CYP2A6 pathways.

Use the medication checker on this page with your specific prescriptions.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with no established evidence rating for its marketed use. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

If you take birth control pills, hormone replacement therapy, water pills, heart medications, anti-seizure drugs, or immunosuppressants, you need to check this product against your exact medications before starting—the interactions are real. This product is generally well tolerated by people with no medications, but the evidence for what it actually does isn't strong.

Talk to your pharmacist before adding it to your routine, especially if you're pregnant, breastfeeding, or on any regular medications.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 3 of 3 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated May 23, 2024.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about DIM, straight from the product label.

Brand Allied Life Sciences
Barcode (UPC) X0021BXSND
Net contents 60 Potent Veggie Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD May 23, 2024
DSLD ID 309480
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Vegan, Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Dairy Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for DIM by Allied Life Sciences, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Capsule(s)
Servings per container
60
UPC/BARCODE
X0021BXSND
IngredientAmount% DV
Diindolylmethane300 mg--
PurePirine30 mg--
BrocStar100 mg--

Other ingredients: Vegetable capsule, Cellulose, Silica, Magnesium Stearate

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested use: Take one vegetable capsule per day, with food and a glass of water or as directed by your health professional.

Formula

DIM contains diindolylmethane, a potent phytonutrient found in cruciferous vegetables like broccoli, brussels sprouts, cauliflower and kale. With BrocStar brand 20:1 Broccoli Extract and PurePirine brand 10:1 Black Pepper Extract for maximum absorption.

Formulation

Diindolylmethane has unique benefits that support the activity of enzymes that improve estrogen metabolism. Research shows DIM increases the level of "favorable" estrogens (2-hydroxyestrogen) while reducing the level of "less favorable" estrogens (16-hydroxyestrogen).

100% vegan

Natural Estrogen metabolism Hormonal support for men & women Estrogen metabolism support Hormonal balance complex Natural aromatase inhibitor

Zero artificial ingredients

Precautions

Caution: Pregnant or nursing mothers, children under the age of 18, and individuals with a known medical condition should consult a physician before using this or any dietary supplement.

Caution: Pregnant or nursing mothers, children under the age of 18, and individuals with a known medical condition should consult a physician before using this or any dietary supplement. Keep out the reach of children.

Do not use if safety seal is damaged or missing.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Seals/Symbols

GMP Good Manufacturing Practice

General Statements

Psalm 107:19-21 Reuse Reduce Recycle

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

DIM by Allied Life Sciences label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

DIM label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in DIM by Allied Life Sciences

These are the 3 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container60 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Diindolylmethane

Interacts with
269 drugs
300 mg per serving

Diindolylmethane (DIM) is a compound made when your body digests cruciferous vegetables, and it is sold as a supplement mainly for hormone balance and...

Diindolylmethane monograph & interactions

PurePirine

Interacts with
1,019 drugs
30 mg per serving Form: Black Pepper Fruit Extract

Black pepper is a common kitchen spice that is generally safe in the amounts used in food. Its extract, piperine, is mostly added to supplements to he...

PurePirine monograph & interactions

BrocStar

Interacts with
187 drugs
100 mg per serving Form: Broccoli Extract

Broccoli is a nutritious cruciferous vegetable rich in fiber, vitamins, and plant compounds like sulforaphane that have drawn scientific interest for...

BrocStar monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Vegetable capsule, Cellulose, Silica, Magnesium Stearate. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

DIM by Allied Life Sciences Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against DIM?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
1,089Drugs
1,087 Moderate 2 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

PurePirine 1,019
Diindolylmethane 269
BrocStar 187

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in DIM interact with 1,089 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

3 of the 3 ingredients in DIM interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. PurePirine Diindolylmethane BrocStar

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in DIM with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

PurePirine17 drug types · 1,019 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, black pepper might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
In vitro research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, seems to inhibit platelet aggregation. This has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, black pepper might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Animal research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, can reduce blood glucose levels. Monitor blood glucose levels closely. Dose adjustments might be necessary.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Atorvastatin (Lipitor)

Theoretically, black pepper might increase blood levels of atorvastatin.
Animal research shows that taking piperine, a constituent of black pepper, 35 mg/kg can increase the maximum serum concentration of atorvastatin three-fold. This has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)

Theoretically, black pepper might increase the effects and side effects of cyclosporine.
In vitro research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, increases the bioavailability of cyclosporine. This has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates

Theoretically, black pepper might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
In vitro research suggests that some constituents of black pepper inhibit CYP2D6. This has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, black pepper might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
In vitro research and pharmacokinetic simulation data suggest that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, as well as the pepper fruit seem to inhibit CYP3A4. This has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Lithium

Theoretically, black pepper might increase blood levels of lithium due to its diuretic effects. The dose of lithium might need to be reduced.
Black pepper is thought to have diuretic properties.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Nevirapine (Viramune)

Black pepper might increase blood levels of nevirapine.
Clinical research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, increases the plasma concentration of nevirapine. However, no adverse effects were observed in this study.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
P-Glycoprotein Substrates

Theoretically, black pepper might increase levels of P-glycoprotein substrates.
In vitro research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, seems to inhibit P-glycoprotein.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Pentobarbital (Nembutal)

Theoretically, black pepper might increase the sedative effects of pentobarbital.
Animal research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, increases pentobarbital-induced sleeping time.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Phenytoin (Dilantin)

Black pepper might increase blood levels of phenytoin.
Clinical research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, seems to increase absorption, slow elimination, and increase levels of phenytoin. Taking a single dose of black pepper 1 gram along with phenytoin seems to double the serum concentration of phenytoin. Consuming a soup with black pepper providing piperine 44 mg/200 mL of soup along with phenytoin also seems to increase phenytoin levels when compared with consuming the same soup without black pepper.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Propranolol (Inderal)

Black pepper might increase blood levels of propranolol.
Clinical research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, seems to increase absorption and slow elimination of propranolol.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Rifampin (Rifadin)

Black pepper might increase blood levels of rifampin.
Clinical research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, seems to increase absorption and serum levels of rifampin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Theophylline

Black pepper might increase blood levels of theophylline.
Clinical research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, seems to increase absorption and slow elimination of theophylline.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Amoxicillin (Amoxil, Trimox)

Theoretically, black pepper might increase the effects and side effects of amoxicillin.
Animal research shows that taking piperine, a constituent of black pepper, with amoxicillin increases plasma levels of amoxicillin. This has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

Theoretically, black pepper might increase blood levels of carbamazepine, potentially increasing the effects and side effects of carbamazepine.
One clinical study in patients taking carbamazepine 300 mg or 500 mg twice daily shows that taking a single 20 mg dose of purified piperine, a constituent of black pepper, increases carbamazepine levels. Piperine may increase carbamazepine absorption by increasing blood flow to the GI tract, increasing the surface area of the small intestine, or inhibiting cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) in the gut wall. Absorption was significantly increased by 7-10 mcg/mL/hour. The time to eliminate carbamazepine was also increased by 4-8 hours. Although carbamazepine levels were increased, this did not appear to increase side effects. In vitro research also shows that piperine can increase carbamazepine levels by 11% in a time-dependent manner.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, black pepper might decrease levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
In vitro research suggests that black pepper induces CYP1A2. This has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
PurePirine full monograph & interactions

Diindolylmethane3 drug types · 269 drugs

Diuretic Drugs

Theoretically, diindolylmethane might increase the risk of hyponatremia if used with sodium-depleting diuretics.
Large doses of diindolylmethane (600 mg daily) have been associated with two cases of asymptomatic hyponatremia in clinical research.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Estrogens

Theoretically, diindolylmethane might increase or decrease the effects of estrogens.
Diindolylmethane might have mild estrogenic or antiestrogenic effects. Theoretically, large amounts of diindolylmethane might interfere with hormone replacement therapy.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, diindolylmethane might lower serum levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro evidence suggests that diindolylmethane can induce CYP1A2. Theoretically, it might increase metabolism of CYP1A2 substrates and lower serum concentrations. This interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Diindolylmethane full monograph & interactions

BrocStar2 drug types · 187 drugs

Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Pharmacokinetic research in humans shows that eating 500 grams of fresh broccoli daily for 6-12 days can increase CYP1A2 activity by 10% to 200%. Induction of CYP1A2 activity by broccoli is attributed to its glucosinolate constituents.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 2A6 (Cyp2A6) Substrates

Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2A6.
Pharmacokinetic research in humans shows that eating 500 grams of broccoli daily for 6 days increases CYP2A6 activity by 135% to 550%. Induction of CYP2A6 activity is attributed to its glucosinolate constituents.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
BrocStar full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for DIM, from the product label.

Allied Life Sciences

See all Allied Life Sciences products
Name
Allied Life Sciences
City
Cheyenne
State
WY
ZipCode
82001
Phone Number
307-223-7104
Web Address
www.alliedlifesciences.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

DIM by Allied Life Sciences: Common Questions

Does DIM by Allied Life Sciences interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, DIM has a known interaction with 1,089 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
DIM contains 3 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Can I take this while pregnant or breastfeeding?
Diindolylmethane and broccoli extract are rated likely safe in pregnancy and lactation. However, there is no reliable safety data for black pepper extract (PurePirine) during breastfeeding. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist before using this product if you're pregnant or nursing to make sure it's right for you.
What side effects should I expect?
The most common side effects from diindolylmethane are diarrhea, gas, headache, nausea, rash, and vomiting. Black pepper extract may cause burning aftertaste, indigestion, and reduced taste perception. Broccoli extract can cause loose stools, diarrhea, and stomach cramping, especially at high doses. Most people tolerate it well, but stop and call your pharmacist if you have a severe reaction.
Does this product actually work for what it claims?
The evidence isn't well established. For most conditions—benign prostate issues, cancers, and breast pain—we have insufficient reliable evidence to say whether these ingredients help. Broccoli extract is possibly effective for colorectal cancer, but that's the strongest claim we can make from the data.
Why does this have black pepper in it?
Black pepper extract (piperine) is included because it may increase how your body absorbs and uses other compounds. It's a common ingredient in supplements for that reason—though the long-term safety of concentrated black pepper supplements in this form isn't well studied.
Is there anything else I should know about safety?
Diindolylmethane may affect hormone levels and interfere with hormone replacement therapy or birth control in large amounts. At high doses (600 mg daily), it's been linked to low blood sodium in a couple of cases. Long-term safety data is limited, so talk with your pharmacist if you plan to take this regularly.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

DIM label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind DIM’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Diindolylmethane

Interacts with 269 drugs

Diindolylmethane (DIM) is a compound made when your body digests cruciferous vegetables, and it is sold as a supplement mainly for hormone balance and cancer prevention. Although early lab s...

Read the full Diindolylmethane monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Black Pepper

Interacts with 1,019 drugs

Black pepper is a common kitchen spice that is generally safe in the amounts used in food. Its extract, piperine, is mostly added to supplements to help the body absorb other ingredients (li...

Read the full Black Pepper monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Broccoli

Interacts with 187 drugs

Broccoli is a nutritious cruciferous vegetable rich in fiber, vitamins, and plant compounds like sulforaphane that have drawn scientific interest for health benefits. Eating broccoli as food...

Read the full Broccoli monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

DIM's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 48 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Diindolylmethane 14 references
  1. Natl Inst Health, Natl Inst Environmental Health Sci. Indole-3-carbinol. Available at: http://ntp-server.niehs.nih.gov.
  2. Balk JL. Indole-3-carbinol for cancer prevention. Altern Med Alert 2000; 3:105-7.
  3. Riby JE, Chang GHF, Firestone GL, Bjeldanes LF. Ligand-independent activation of estrogen receptor function by 3,3'-diindolylmethane in human breast cancer cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2000;60:167-77. PubMed
  4. Lake BG, Tredger JM, Renwick AB, et al. 3'3-diindolylmethane induces CYP1A2 in cultured precision-cut human liver slices. Xenobiotica 1998;28:803-11. PubMed
  5. Dalessandri, K. M., Firestone, G. L., Fitch, M. D., Bradlow, H. L., and Bjeldanes, L. F. Pilot study: effect of 3,3'-diindolylmethane supplements on urinary hormone metabolites in postmenopausal women with a history of early-stage breast cancer. Nutr Canc PubMed
  6. Reed, G. A., Arneson, D. W., Putnam, W. C., Smith, H. J., Gray, J. C., Sullivan, D. K., Mayo, M. S., Crowell, J. A., and Hurwitz, A. Single-dose and multiple-dose administration of indole-3-carbinol to women: pharmacokinetics based on 3,3'-diindolylmetha
  7. Reed, G. A., Sunega, J. M., Sullivan, D. K., Gray, J. C., Mayo, M. S., Crowell, J. A., and Hurwitz, A. Single-dose pharmacokinetics and tolerability of absorption-enhanced 3,3'-diindolylmethane in healthy subjects. Cancer Epidemiol.Biomarkers Prev. 2008; PubMed
  8. Del Priore G., Gudipudi, D. K., Montemarano, N., Restivo, A. M., Malanowska-Stega, J., and Arslan, A. A. Oral diindolylmethane (DIM): pilot evaluation of a nonsurgical treatment for cervical dysplasia. Gynecol.Oncol. 2010;116(3):464-467. PubMed
  9. Heath, E. I., Heilbrun, L. K., Li, J., Vaishampayan, U., Harper, F., Pemberton, P., and Sarkar, F. H. A phase I dose-escalation study of oral BR-DIM (BioResponse 3,3'- Diindolylmethane) in castrate-resistant, non-metastatic prostate cancer. Am.J.Transl.R
  10. Jellinck, P. H., Forkert, P. G., Riddick, D. S., Okey, A. B., Michnovicz, J. J., and Bradlow, H. L. Ah receptor binding properties of indole carbinols and induction of hepatic estradiol hydroxylation. Biochem.Pharmacol. 3-9-1993;45(5):1129-1136. PubMed
  11. Bui PV, Moualla M, Upson DJ. A Possible Association of Diindolylmethane with Pulmonary Embolism and Deep Venous Thrombosis. Case Rep Med. 2016;2016:7527098. PubMed
  12. Castañon A, Tristram A, Mesher D, Powell N, Beer H, Ashman S, Rieck G, Fielder H, Fiander A, Sasieni P. Effect of diindolylmethane supplementation on low-grade cervical cytological abnormalities: double-blind, randomised, controlled trial. Br J Cancer. 20 PubMed
  13. Le TM, Sanders CJ, van de Corput L, van Erpecum KJ, Röckmann H. Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms caused by the dietary supplement diindolylmethane. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2016 Jan-Feb;4(1):175-6. PubMed
  14. Pence ST, Mehta K, Crum-Bailey J. The Serious Side of Supplements: An Ischemic Stroke in a Healthy 38-year-old Female. Mil Med 2022. PubMed

See these in context on the Diindolylmethane monograph →

Black Pepper 29 references
  1. Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics. 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
  2. Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
  3. Bano G, Amla V, Raina RK, et al. The effect of piperine on pharmacokinetics of phenytoin in healthy volunteers. Planta Med 1987;53:568-9. PubMed
  4. Bano G, et al. Effect of piperine on bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of propranolol and theophylline in healthy volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1991;41;615-7. PubMed
  5. Cohle SD, Trestrail JD III, Graham MA, et al. Fatal pepper aspiration. Am J Dis Child 1988;142:633-6. PubMed
  6. Bhardwaj RK, Glaeser H, Becquemont L, et al. Piperine, a major constituent of black pepper, inhibits human P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2002;302:645-50. PubMed
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See these in context on the Black Pepper monograph →

Broccoli 5 references
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  5. Bauman JE, Hsu CH, Centuori S, et al. Randomized Crossover Trial Evaluating Detoxification of Tobacco Carcinogens by Broccoli Seed and Sprout Extract in Current Smokers. Cancers (Basel). 2022;14(9):2129. Published 2022 Apr 24. PubMed

See these in context on the Broccoli monograph →

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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