Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

B-12 Gold 2,400 mcg Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by NutriGold

B-12 Gold 2,400 mcg label
See full label image
Capsule Category: Botanical With Nutrients
Most serious interaction: Major
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking B-12 Gold 2,400 mcg against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

B-12 Gold 2,400 mcg is a dietary supplement by NutriGold with 2 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for treating or preventing b12 deficiency, pernicious anemia, low energy and fatigue.Based on those ingredients, 1,125 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Vitamin B12. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against B-12 Gold 2,400 mcg by NutriGold

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with B-12 Gold 2,400 mcg by NutriGold — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
Prefer a human? Send your question to our licensed pharmacists — free, answered by email within 24 hours.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of B-12 Gold 2,400 mcg by NutriGold

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 12, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 1 of its 13 active ingredients.
  • “Organic Food Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (400 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

B-12 Gold contains 13 active ingredients: Blueberry, Strawberry, Raspberry, Tomato, Kale, Parsley, Apple, Beet, Spinach, Green Cabbage, Vitamin B12, Broccoli, and organic Carrot. The star ingredient is Vitamin B12 at 2,400 micrograms — a dose well above the daily recommendation and useful for people with B12 deficiency or those taking metformin (which lowers B12).

The rest are fruit, vegetable, and herb extracts. The product also contains one inactive ingredient: a vegan capsule.

Does it work?

Leans against
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Leans against

The strongest graded evidence we hold for the stated purpose leans against a benefit.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: Supports cellular energy, cognitive health, emotional wellness.
  • We looked for evidence on: Age-related cognitive decline, Cognitive function, Cognitive impairment, Fatigue, Depression, Anxiety — and 3 related terms.
  • The closest evidence on file: Vitamin B12 is rated "Possibly Ineffective" for Age-related cognitive decline (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Vitamin B12 is rated "Possibly Ineffective" for Cognitive impairment.
  • Also on file: Beet is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Cognitive function.

Vitamin B12 is effective for treating B12 deficiency and managing related conditions. The evidence for the other 12 ingredients is much weaker.

Beet shows possibly effective evidence for athletic performance and exercise soreness; Broccoli is possibly effective for colorectal cancer; Carrot is possibly effective for vitamin A deficiency. For most other uses in this product — cardiovascular health, blood sugar control, cognitive function, cancer prevention — the evidence is insufficient to rate.

Several ingredients (like Blueberry, Apple, and Spinach) are marked possibly ineffective for specific conditions (hypertension, diarrhea, COPD). In short, you're buying this primarily for the B12; the vegetable blend is a nutritious bonus without proven therapeutic benefit.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Vitamin B12 Organic Food Blueberry Strawberry Tomato Kale Parsley Apple

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 11 of the 12 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 11 of 12.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 12 of 12.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Most ingredients are generally well tolerated as food. Vitamin B12 is very safe with no upper limit — your body excretes excess in urine.

However, some cautions apply. Freeze-dried Blueberry and Strawberry can cause gastrointestinal upset (nausea, diarrhea, constipation) in a meaningful number of people — one trial saw 26% of participants on freeze-dried blueberries drop out in week one due to GI complaints.

Parsley in large amounts carries serious rare risks (hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia) and is likely unsafe in pregnancy. Apple seeds contain cyanide and should not be consumed in quantity.

Beet can cause red or black stools (harmless) but theoretically kidney damage in very large doses. Carrot in excess has caused tooth decay in infants.

For pregnancy and breastfeeding, most ingredients are rated likely safe at normal food amounts, but concentrated supplement forms lack safety data — discuss with your provider before use during these periods.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Vitamin B12 Organic Food Blueberry Strawberry Tomato Kale Parsley Apple

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 9 of the 12 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Cabbage, Apple, Beet, Strawberry, Spinach, among others.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; diabetes medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 1,126 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before starting B-12 Gold, check whether you take blood thinners (anticoagulants) or antiplatelets like warfarin, aspirin, or clopidogrel — Strawberry and Parsley may increase bleeding risk. Check antihypertensive (blood pressure) and antidiabetes drugs, as multiple ingredients theoretically affect blood glucose and BP control.

Check any drugs metabolized by liver enzymes (CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP3A4), especially those listed for Cabbage, Beet, and Broccoli — enzyme induction could reduce drug levels. Check blood thinners again for Spinach and Cabbage's vitamin K content, which interferes with warfarin.

Check if you take Metformin — Vitamin B12 works with it, but Metformin can lower your B12. Ask your pharmacist to run your exact medications through our interaction checker on this page.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with graded evidence leaning against its stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

B-12 Gold is useful if you need B12 supplementation — the dose is solid and well-tolerated. The vegetable blend adds nutrition but no proven therapeutic benefit.

The real concern is its interactions with blood thinners, blood pressure meds, diabetes drugs, and liver-metabolized medications — if you take any prescription, check your list with our tool before starting. Avoid this product if you're pregnant and taking parsley concerns you, and know that some people experience GI upset from the freeze-dried fruit ingredients.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 12 of 13 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Oct 24, 2022.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about B-12 Gold 2,400 mcg, straight from the product label.

Brand NutriGold
Barcode (UPC) 859447002791
Net contents 60 Vegan Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Oct 24, 2022
DSLD ID 275769
Product type Botanical With Nutrients
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Vegan, Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Kosher, Gluten Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for B-12 Gold 2,400 mcg by NutriGold, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Capsule(s)
Servings per container
60
UPC/BARCODE
859447002791
IngredientAmount% DV
Blueberry0 NP--
Strawberry0 NP--
Raspberry0 NP--
Tomato0 NP--
Kale0 NP--
Parsley0 NP--
Apple0 NP--
Beet0 NP--
Spinach0 NP--
Green Cabbage0 NP--
Vitamin B122400 mcg100000%
Organic Food Blend400 mg--
Broccoli0 NP--
organic Carrot0 NP--

Other ingredients: Vegan capsule

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formula

Non-GMO verified, biologically-active B-12 complex formulated with organic fruit & veggie blend.

Methyl + Adenosyl

Ko Kosher (Kosher Service)

This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

Formulation

Health benefits: Supports cellular energy, cognitive health, and overall emotional wellness.

Verified free of corn, egg, gluten, milk, peanut, shellfish, and soy allergens by an independent lab. Manufactured without magnesium stearate, stearic acid, silicon dioxide, or chemical preservatives.

The B-12 in this product is sensitive to degradation.

Gluten-free Soy-free

Certified Vegan Vegan.org

Non-GMO verified, biologically-active B-12 complex formulated with organic fruit & veggie blend.

Highly bioactive complex

Precautions

Caution: Please consult a healthcare professional before taking this supplement if you are pregnant, breastfeeding, taking any medications, or planning a medical procedure.

Keep out of reach of children.

Storage

Store in original container away from moisture and direct sunlight.

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Once opened, please consume product within 90 days.

Suggested use: As a dietary supplement, adults take 1 capsule daily, or as directed by a healthcare professional.

General Statements

To learn more about this product, scan QR code or visit nutrigold.com/item/279

Seals/Symbols

Certified Vegan Vegan.org Non GMO Project Verified nongmoproject.org Ko Kosher (Kosher Service)

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

B-12 Gold 2,400 mcg by NutriGold label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

B-12 Gold 2,400 mcg label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in B-12 Gold 2,400 mcg by NutriGold

These are the 2 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container60 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Vitamin B12

Interacts with
20 drugs
2400 mcg per serving Form: Adenosyl B12, Methyl B12

Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is an essential nutrient your body needs to make red blood cells, keep nerves healthy, and support DNA. Supplements are very h...

Vitamin B12 monograph & interactions

Organic Food Blend

No known
interactions
400 mg per serving

Organic food is grown and processed without most synthetic pesticides, fertilizers, antibiotics, or genetic engineering. Choosing organic can lower yo...

Organic Food Blend monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Vegan capsule. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

B-12 Gold 2,400 mcg by NutriGold Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against B-12 Gold 2,400 mcg?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
1,125Drugs
47 Major 1,077 Moderate 1 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Vitamin B12 20

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in B-12 Gold 2,400 mcg interact with 1,125 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

1 of the 2 ingredients in B-12 Gold 2,400 mcg interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Vitamin B12

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in B-12 Gold 2,400 mcg with known interactions, here are the types of medications it can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Vitamin B121 drug type · 20 drugs

Metformin (Glucophage)

Metformin, a common medication used to manage type 2 diabetes, has been associated with lower vitamin B12 levels in some individuals. Prolonged use of metformin can interfere with the absorption of B12 in the digestive system, potentially leading to a deficiency in this essential vitamin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence A
Vitamin B12 full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for B-12 Gold 2,400 mcg, from the product label.

NutriGold

Name
NutriGold Inc.
City
Orem
State
UT
ZipCode
84057
Phone Number
(800) 476-3542
Web Address
www.nutrigold.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

B-12 Gold 2,400 mcg by NutriGold: Common Questions

Does B-12 Gold 2,400 mcg by NutriGold interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, B-12 Gold 2,400 mcg has a known interaction with 1,125 medications, including 47 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
B-12 Gold 2,400 mcg contains 2 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is B-12 Gold safe for me if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
Most ingredients are rated likely safe at normal food amounts. However, concentrated supplement forms of many vegetables and herbs here haven't been well studied in pregnancy or while breastfeeding. Parsley is rated likely unsafe in pregnancy. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist about whether this product is right for you during pregnancy or lactation — they can weigh the B12 benefit against the risks of the other ingredients.
Will the freeze-dried fruits in this product cause side effects?
Freeze-dried Blueberry and Strawberry can cause nausea, constipation, or diarrhea, especially at high doses. In one trial, 26% of people on freeze-dried blueberry dropped out in the first week due to stomach upset. Most people tolerate it fine, but if you have a sensitive digestive system, start low and go slow.
Does B-12 Gold actually work, or is it just the vegetables?
The B12 is proven effective for B12 deficiency. The vegetables are nutritious, but the evidence they work for specific health goals — like cancer prevention or heart health — is either weak or not established. You're primarily buying this for the B12; the veggie blend is a plus, not the main event.
Can I take this with my blood thinner (warfarin or aspirin)?
Possibly, but it needs checking. Strawberry, Parsley, and Spinach all may increase bleeding risk with blood thinners. Cabbage contains vitamin K, which can interfere with warfarin. Use our medication checker on this page with your exact drug name and dose before starting.
What if I'm taking metformin for diabetes?
Good news: the B12 in this product may actually help, because metformin can lower your B12 levels over time. However, Parsley, Cabbage, Apple, Spinach, and Green Cabbage all theoretically affect blood glucose control. Check with your pharmacist to make sure the product won't interfere with your metformin dose or blood sugar management.
Is there any ingredient in this product I should avoid?
We couldn't check Raspberry — we hold no interaction data for it. If you're pregnant, Parsley carries safety concerns and should be avoided. Avoid this product entirely if you take the heart drug atenolol, the allergy medication fexofenadine, or the blood pressure drug aliskiren without talking to your pharmacist first — Apple interferes significantly with all three.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if B-12 Gold 2,400 mcg is safe with your meds?

Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.

Ask a pharmacist

Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

B-12 Gold 2,400 mcg label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind B-12 Gold 2,400 mcg’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Vitamin B12

Interacts with 20 drugs

Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is an essential nutrient your body needs to make red blood cells, keep nerves healthy, and support DNA. Supplements are very helpful for people who are deficient — su...

Read the full Vitamin B12 monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Organic Food

Organic food is grown and processed without most synthetic pesticides, fertilizers, antibiotics, or genetic engineering. Choosing organic can lower your exposure to certain pesticide residue...

Read the full Organic Food monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Blueberry

Interacts with 88 drugs

Blueberries are a nutritious fruit rich in antioxidants called anthocyanins, and eating them as part of a balanced diet is healthy and safe for most people. Concentrated supplements are mark...

Read the full Blueberry monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Strawberry

Interacts with 316 drugs

Strawberry is a popular, nutrient-rich fruit that supplies vitamin C, fiber, and antioxidant plant compounds. Eating strawberries as part of a balanced diet is healthy for most people, but c...

Read the full Strawberry monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Tomato

Tomato is a common food rich in vitamins, potassium, and the antioxidant lycopene, and eating it as part of a balanced diet is healthy for most people. Concentrated tomato or lycopene supple...

Read the full Tomato monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Kale

Kale is a nutrient-dense leafy green vegetable that is rich in vitamins, minerals, fiber, and antioxidants. Eaten as a normal food it is very healthy for most people, but it is a whole food...

Read the full Kale monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Parsley

Interacts with 443 drugs

Parsley is a popular culinary herb that is safe to eat in normal food amounts and is a good source of vitamins K and C. It is traditionally used as a diuretic and for digestion, but solid hu...

Read the full Parsley monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Apple

Interacts with 300 drugs

Apples are a nutritious whole food that provides fiber, vitamins, and antioxidant plant compounds, and eating them regularly fits well into a healthy diet. While research suggests apples may...

Read the full Apple monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Beet

Interacts with 861 drugs

Beet, especially beetroot juice, is a nitrate-rich food that may modestly lower blood pressure and slightly improve exercise performance in some people. It is generally safe as a food, but s...

Read the full Beet monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Spinach

Interacts with 88 drugs

Spinach is a nutrient-dense leafy green that is a healthy part of a balanced diet, providing vitamins, minerals, fiber, and antioxidants. While it is very safe as a food, concentrated supple...

Read the full Spinach monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Cabbage

Interacts with 325 drugs

Cabbage is a nutritious, low-calorie vegetable that is safe to eat as food and is sometimes applied to the skin as a leaf wrap for breast engorgement or sore joints. Most medicinal claims ar...

Read the full Cabbage monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Broccoli

Interacts with 187 drugs

Broccoli is a nutritious cruciferous vegetable rich in fiber, vitamins, and plant compounds like sulforaphane that have drawn scientific interest for health benefits. Eating broccoli as food...

Read the full Broccoli monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Carrot

Carrot is a common food vegetable that is a rich source of beta-carotene (which the body turns into vitamin A) and other nutrients. Eating carrots is safe and nutritious for most people, but...

Read the full Carrot monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

B-12 Gold 2,400 mcg's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 165 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Blueberry 7 references
  1. Cignarella A, Nastasi M, Cavalli E, Puglisi L. Novel lipid-lowering properties of Vaccinium myrtillus L. leaves, a traditional antidiabetic treatment, in several models of rat dyslipidaemia: a comparison with ciprofibrate. Thromb Res 1996;84:311-22. PubMed
  2. Wang SY, Lin HS. Antioxidant activity in fruits and leaves of blackberry, raspberry, and strawberry varies with cultivar and developmental stage. J Agric Food Chem 2000;48:140-6.. PubMed
  3. Martineau, L. C., Couture, A., Spoor, D., Benhaddou-Andaloussi, A., Harris, C., Meddah, B., Leduc, C., Burt, A., Vuong, T., Mai, Le P., Prentki, M., Bennett, S. A., Arnason, J. T., and Haddad, P. S. Anti-diabetic properties of the Canadian lowbush bluebe
  4. Vuong, T., Martineau, L. C., Ramassamy, C., Matar, C., and Haddad, P. S. Fermented Canadian lowbush blueberry juice stimulates glucose uptake and AMP-activated protein kinase in insulin-sensitive cultured muscle cells and adipocytes. Can J Physiol Pharma
  5. Hanley MJ, Masse G, Harmatz JS, Cancalon PF, Dolnikowski GG, Court MH, Greenblatt DJ. Effect of blueberry juice on clearance of buspirone and flurbiprofen in human volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2013 Apr;75(4):1041-52. PubMed
  6. Basu A, Du M, Leyva MJ, et al. Blueberries decrease cardiovascular risk factors in obese men and women with metabolic syndrome. J Nutr 2010;140(9):1582-7. PubMed
  7. Basu A, Feng D, Planinic P, Ebersole JL, Lyons TJ, Alexander JM. Dietary blueberry and soluble fiber supplementation reduces risk of gestational diabetes in women with obesity in a randomized controlled trial. J Nutr 2021;151(5):1128-38. PubMed

See these in context on the Blueberry monograph →

Strawberry 18 references
  1. Grattan CE, Harman RR. Contact urticaria to strawberry. Contact Dermatitis 1985;13:191-2. . PubMed
  2. Dutta-Roy, A. K., Crosbie, L., and Gordon, M. J. Effects of tomato extract on human platelet aggregation in vitro. Platelets. 2001;12(4):218-227. PubMed
  3. Van Gelder, J., Deferme, S., Naesens, L., De Clercq, E., van den, Mooter G., Kinget, R., and Augustijns, P. Intestinal absorption enhancement of the ester prodrug tenofovir disoproxil fumarate through modulation of the biochemical barrier by defined este
  4. Deferme, S., Van Gelder, J., and Augustijns, P. Inhibitory effect of fruit extracts on P-glycoprotein-related efflux carriers: an in-vitro screening. J Pharm Pharmacol 2002;54(9):1213-1219.
  5. Naemura, A., Mitani, T., Ijiri, Y., Tamura, Y., Yamashita, T., Okimura, M., and Yamamoto, J. Anti-thrombotic effect of strawberries. Blood Coagul.Fibrinolysis 2005;16(7):501-509. PubMed
  6. Basu A, Betts NM, Nguyen A, Newman ED, Fu D, Lyons TJ. Freeze-dried strawberries lower serum cholesterol and lipid peroxidation in adults with abdominal adiposity and elevated serum lipids. J Nutr. 2014;144(6):830-7. PubMed
  7. Feresin RG, Johnson SA, Pourafshar S, et al. Impact of daily strawberry consumption on blood pressure and arterial stiffness in pre- and stage 1-hypertensive postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial. Food Funct. 2017;8(11):4139-4149. PubMed
  8. Moazen S, Amani R, Homayouni Rad A, Shahbazian H, Ahmadi K, Taha Jalali M. Effects of freeze-dried strawberry supplementation on metabolic biomarkers of atherosclerosis in subjects with type 2 diabetes: a randomized double-blind controlled trial. Ann Nutr PubMed
  9. Schell J, Scofield RH, Barrett JR, et al. Strawberries improve pain and inflammation in obese adults with radiographic evidence of knee osteoarthritis. Nutrients. 2017;9(9):949. PubMed
  10. Zunino SJ, Parelman MA, Freytag TL, et al. Effects of dietary strawberry powder on blood lipids and inflammatory markers in obese human subjects. Br J Nutr. 2012;108(5):900-9. PubMed
  11. Amani R, Moazen S, Shahbazian H, Ahmadi K, Jalali MT. Flavonoid-rich beverage effects on lipid profile and blood pressure in diabetic patients. World J Diabetes. 2014;5(6):962-8. PubMed
  12. Cabrera-Freitag P, Bermejo Becerro A, Abreu Ramírez MG, et al. Allergy to strawberry in children from the Mediterranean area: is it really allergy? J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2020;30(4):283-5. PubMed
  13. Hadi A, Askarpour M, Miraghajani M, Symonds ME, Sheikhi A, Ghaedi E. Effects of strawberry supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Food Funct 2019;10(11):6987-98. PubMed
  14. Gao Q, Qin LQ, Arafa A, Eshak ES, Dong JY. Effects of strawberry intervention on cardiovascular risk factors: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Nutr 2020;124(3):241-6. PubMed
  15. Basu A, Izuora K, Hooyman A, Scofield HR, Ebersole JL. Dietary Strawberries Improve Serum Metabolites of Cardiometabolic Risks in Adults with Features of the Metabolic Syndrome in a Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial. Int J Mol Sci 2023;24(3):2051. PubMed
  16. Huang L, Xiao D, Zhang X, et al. Strawberry Consumption, Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, and Vascular Function: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Adults with Moderate Hypercholesterolemia. J Nutr 2021;151(6):1517-1526. PubMed
  17. Basu A, Izuora K, Betts NM, et al. Dietary Strawberries Improve Cardiometabolic Risks in Adults with Obesity and Elevated Serum LDL Cholesterol in a Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial. Nutrients 2021;13(5):1421. PubMed
  18. Wilken MR, Lambert MNT, Christensen CB, Jeppesen PB. Effects of Anthocyanin-rich Berries on the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Rev Diabet Stud 2022;18(1):42-57. PubMed

See these in context on the Strawberry monograph →

Tomato 3 references
  1. Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
  2. Asero R, Mistrello G, Amato S. Airborne allergy to tomato proteins. Allergy. 2010;65(12):1626-7. PubMed
  3. Friedman M. Tomato Glycoalkaloids: Role in the Plant and in the Diet. J Agric Food Chem. 2002;50(21):5751-80. PubMed

See these in context on the Tomato monograph →

Kale 2 references
  1. Vitamin K - Health Professional Fact Sheet — NIH Office of Dietary Supplements Source
  2. Lutein and Zeaxanthin — NIH Office of Dietary Supplements Source

See these in context on the Kale monograph →

Parsley 21 references
  1. Newall CA, Anderson LA, Philpson JD. Herbal Medicine: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. London, UK: The Pharmaceutical Press, 1996.
  2. Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics. 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
  3. McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
  4. Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
  5. Robbers JE, Tyler VE. Tyler's Herbs of Choice: The Therapeutic Use of Phytomedicinals. New York, NY: The Haworth Herbal Press, 1999.
  6. Foster S, Tyler VE. Tyler's Honest Herbal, 4th ed., Binghamton, NY: Haworth Herbal Press, 1999. DOI
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See these in context on the Parsley monograph →

Apple 16 references
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Beet 14 references
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See these in context on the Beet monograph →

Spinach 6 references
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Cabbage 15 references
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Vitamin B12 30 references
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Organic Food 14 references
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See these in context on the Organic Food monograph →

Broccoli 5 references
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See these in context on the Broccoli monograph →

Carrot 14 references
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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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