Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Based on 2 of 9 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Dutch Harbor Omega Maintain Softgels Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Big Bold Health

Dutch Harbor Omega Maintain Softgels label
See full label image
Softgel Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Major
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 30, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Dutch Harbor Omega Maintain Softgels against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

Dutch Harbor Omega Maintain Softgels is a dietary supplement by Big Bold Health with 9 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for eye and vision health, skin health and acne, immune support.Based on those ingredients, 945 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Vitamin D, Vitamin A. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Dutch Harbor Omega Maintain Softgels by Big Bold Health

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Dutch Harbor Omega Maintain Softgels by Big Bold Health — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Dutch Harbor Omega Maintain Softgels by Big Bold Health

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Partial disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Partial

Most active ingredients list an amount, but at least one is hidden in a blend or missing.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 6 of its 9 active ingredients.
  • “Total Omega-3 Fatty Acids” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (500 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.
  • “Total Pro-Resolving Mediators” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (120 mcg) without saying how much of each component you get.

Dutch Harbor Omega Maintain Softgels contains 9 ingredients, including two active omega-3 fatty acids — eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) — plus several related omega-derived compounds like docosapentaenoic acid, 17-hydroxy-docosahexaenoic acid, 14-hydroxy-docosahexaenoic acid, 18-hydroxy-eicosapentaenoic acid, and eicosatrienoic acid. The product also includes vitamin A and vitamin D.

The inactive ingredients are bovine gelatin, glycerin, purified water, lemon oil, and mixed tocopherols.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: Immune support, heart health, and brain function.
  • We looked for evidence on: Cardiovascular disease (CVD), Hyperlipidemia, Heart failure, Cognitive function, Age-related cognitive decline, Dementia — and 4 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Vitamin D is rated "Possibly Effective" for Heart failure (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Vitamin D is rated "Possibly Ineffective" for Cardiovascular disease (CVD).
  • Also on file: Vitamin D is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Age-related cognitive decline, Alzheimer disease, Cognitive function, Dementia, and more.

Vitamin A in this product is effective for vitamin A deficiency. The data shows it may be effective for oral leukoplakia, aging skin, measles, ulcerative colitis, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia, though the evidence for those uses is not conclusive.

Vitamin D is effective for familial hypophosphatemia, osteomalacia, renal bone disease (renal osteodystrophy), rickets, and hypoparathyroidism. We don't have effectiveness data in our records for the omega-3 and related fatty acid components of this product.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Vitamin A Vitamin D

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 2 of the 2 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 2 of 2.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 2 of 2.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Vitamin A is generally well tolerated at recommended doses, but high doses can build up in your body over time and become toxic. Serious toxicity from very high doses is rare but can cause brain swelling (pseudotumor cerebri), liver damage, and in extreme cases, coma or death.

Chronic overuse causes fatigue, dry and peeling skin, brittle nails, and hair loss. Children are more sensitive to vitamin A overdose than adults.

Vitamin D is well tolerated at recommended doses; excessive doses over time can cause toxicity with high blood calcium, bone loss in adults, and slowed growth in children. The safety data advises against high-dose vitamin A in pregnancy because it can cause birth defects — stick to recommended amounts.

Vitamin D is often used at recommended doses during pregnancy under your doctor's guidance, but check with your doctor before taking higher amounts.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Vitamin A Vitamin D

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 2 of the 2 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Vitamin D, Vitamin A.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; heart-rhythm medications.
  • For scale: 946 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this product, double-check with your pharmacist if you take retinoids (Major severity) — this is the most serious concern. If you take blood thinners like warfarin, tetracycline antibiotics, thiazide water pills, heart medications like verapamil, diltiazem, or digoxin, the cholesterol drug atorvastatin, or the psoriasis cream calcipotriene, flag those with your pharmacist first (all Moderate severity).

If you take any CYP3A4 substrates — a broad category of medications metabolized by your liver — mention this product as well.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glancePartially disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product is worth considering if you're looking for omega-3 support combined with vitamins A and D, but only if you don't take retinoids, blood thinners, heart rhythm drugs, or certain other medications. Before you start, run your prescriptions through the medication checker on this page — vitamin A and D can affect a wide range of drugs.

Talk to your pharmacist or doctor if you're pregnant, breastfeeding, or taking any regular medications.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 2 of 9 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Oct 24, 2024.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Dutch Harbor Omega Maintain Softgels, straight from the product label.

Brand Big Bold Health
Barcode (UPC) 850033362053
Net contents 120 Softgel(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Oct 24, 2024
DSLD ID 320013
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Softgel Capsule
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Dutch Harbor Omega Maintain Softgels by Big Bold Health, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
2 Softgel(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
2 Softgel(s)
Servings per container
60
UPC/BARCODE
850033362053
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories25 Calorie(s)--
Eicosapentaenoic Acid200 mg--
Docosahexaenoic Acid200 mg--
Vitamin A360 mcg40%
Total Omega-3 Fatty Acids500 mg--
Vitamin D2 mcg10%
Cholesterol15 mg5%
Total Fat2.5 Gram(s)3%
Docosapentaenoic Acid19 mg--
Total Pro-Resolving Mediators120 mcg--
17-Hydroxy-Docosahexaenoic Acid0 NP--
14-Hydroxy-Docosahexaenoic Acid0 NP--
18-Hydroxy-Eicosapentaenoic Acid0 NP--
Eicosatrienoic Acid111 mg--

Other ingredients: Bovine Gelatin, Glycerin, Water, Purified, Lemon Oil, Mixed Tocopherols

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formulation

Immune support Heart health Brain function

Preserve your immune balance with the power of the sea.

Gluten-free Non-GMO

Certified Sustainable Alaska Certificate RFM-C-00027 Low-temp Line-caught

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Directions: take 2 softgels daily with food, or as directed by your healthcare provider.

Storage

Storage: keep tightly closed in a cool, dry place.

Precautions

Caution: if pregnant, nursing, or taking medications, consult with your healthcare practitioner before use.

Keep out of the reach of children.

Do not use if safety seal is missing or broken.

Contains fish (cod).

To report adverse events call 833-224-2010

Formula

Line-caught in pristine Alaskan waters and extracted at low temperature to maintain its inherent nutrition, our classic fish oil delivers omega-3s, pro-resolving mediators, and vitamins A and D. These natural compounds support immune response for better cognition, heart health, and lifespan.

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Dutch Harbor Omega Maintain Softgels by Big Bold Health label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Dutch Harbor Omega Maintain Softgels label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Dutch Harbor Omega Maintain Softgels by Big Bold Health

These are the 9 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size2 Softgel(s) Dosage formSoftgel Capsule Servings per container60 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Vitamin A

Interacts with
387 drugs
360 mcg per serving

Vitamin A is an essential nutrient important for vision, skin, immune function, and growth. Most people get enough from a balanced diet, and supplemen...

Vitamin A monograph & interactions

Total Omega-3 Fatty Acids

500 mg per serving
  • › Eicosapentaenoic Acid
  • › Docosahexaenoic Acid
  • › Docosapentaenoic Acid

Vitamin D

Interacts with
715 drugs
2 mcg per serving

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps your body absorb calcium and is important for healthy bones, muscles, and immune function. Many people,...

Vitamin D monograph & interactions

Total Pro-Resolving Mediators

120 mcg per serving
  • › 17-Hydroxy-Docosahexaenoic Acid
  • › 14-Hydroxy-Docosahexaenoic Acid
  • › 18-Hydroxy-Eicosapentaenoic Acid

Eicosatrienoic Acid

111 mg per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Bovine Gelatin, Glycerin, Water, Purified, Lemon Oil, Mixed Tocopherols. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Dutch Harbor Omega Maintain Softgels by Big Bold Health Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Dutch Harbor Omega Maintain Softgels?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
945Drugs
9 Major 450 Moderate 486 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Vitamin D 715
Vitamin A 387

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Dutch Harbor Omega Maintain Softgels interact with 945 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

2 of the 9 ingredients in Dutch Harbor Omega Maintain Softgels interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Vitamin D Vitamin A

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Dutch Harbor Omega Maintain Softgels with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Vitamin D8 drug types · 715 drugs

Aluminum

Vitamin D might increase aluminum absorption and toxicity, but this has only been reported in people with renal failure.
The protein that transports calcium across the intestinal wall can also bind and transport aluminum. This protein is stimulated by vitamin D, which may therefore increase aluminum absorption. This mechanism may contribute to increased aluminum levels and toxicity in people with renal failure, when they take vitamin D and aluminum-containing phosphate binders chronically.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Atorvastatin (Lipitor)

Vitamin D might reduce absorption of atorvastatin.
A small, low-quality clinical study shows that taking vitamin D reduces levels of atorvastatin and its active metabolites by up to 55%. However, while atorvastatin levels decreased, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels did not substantially change. Atorvastatin is metabolized in the gut by CYP3A4 enzymes, and researchers theorized that vitamin D might induce CYP3A4, causing reduced levels of atorvastatin. However, this proposed mechanism was not specifically studied.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Calcipotriene (Dovonex)

Taking calcipotriene with vitamin D increases the risk for hypercalcemia.
Calcipotriene is a vitamin D analog used topically for psoriasis. It can be absorbed in sufficient amounts to cause systemic effects, including hypercalcemia. Theoretically, combining calcipotriene with vitamin D supplements might increase the risk of hypercalcemia.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Digoxin (Lanoxin)

Theoretically, hypercalcemia induced by high-dose vitamin D can increase the risk of arrhythmia from digoxin.
High doses of vitamin D can cause hypercalcemia. Hypercalcemia increases the risk of fatal cardiac arrhythmias with digoxin. Avoid vitamin D doses above the tolerable upper intake level (4000 IU daily for adults) and monitor serum calcium levels in people taking vitamin D and digoxin concurrently.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Diltiazem (Cardizem, Others)

Theoretically, hypercalcemia induced by high-dose vitamin D can reduce the therapeutic effects of diltiazem for arrhythmia.
High doses of vitamin D can cause hypercalcemia. Hypercalcemia can reduce the effectiveness of verapamil in atrial fibrillation. Theoretically this could also occur with diltiazem. Avoid vitamin D doses above the tolerable upper intake level (4000 IU daily for adults) and monitor serum calcium levels in people taking vitamin D and diltiazem concurrently.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Thiazide Diuretics

Theoretically, taking thiazide diuretics and high-dose vitamin D can increase the risk of hypercalcemia.
Thiazide diuretics decrease urinary calcium excretion, which could lead to hypercalcemia if vitamin D supplements are taken concurrently. This has been reported in people being treated with vitamin D for hypoparathyroidism, and also in elderly people with normal parathyroid function who were taking a thiazide, vitamin D, and calcium-containing antacids daily.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Verapamil (Calan, Others)

Hypercalcemia induced by high-dose vitamin D can reduce the therapeutic effects of verapamil for arrhythmia.
Hypercalcemia due to high doses of vitamin D can reduce the effectiveness of verapamil in atrial fibrillation. Avoid vitamin D doses above the tolerable upper intake level (4000 IU daily for adults) and monitor serum calcium levels in people taking vitamin D and verapamil concurrently.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Vitamin D might induce CYP3A4 enzymes and reduce the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates.
There is some concern that vitamin D might induce CYP3A4. In vitro research suggests that vitamin D induces CYP3A4 transcription. Additionally, observational research has found that increased UV light exposure and serum vitamin D levels are associated with decreased serum levels of CYP3A4 substrates such as tacrolimus and sirolimus, while no association between UV light exposure or vitamin D levels and levels of mycophenolic acid, a non-CYP3A4 substrate, was found. A small, low-quality clinical study shows that taking vitamin D reduces levels of the CYP3A4 substrate atorvastatin and its active metabolites by up to 55%; however, the clinical effects of atorvastatin were not reduced. While researchers theorized that vitamin D might induce CYP3A4, this proposed mechanism was not specifically studied.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Vitamin D full monograph & interactions

Vitamin A4 drug types · 387 drugs

Retinoids

Concomitant use of retinoids with vitamin A supplements might produce supratherapeutic vitamin A levels.
Retinoids, which are vitamin A derivatives, could have additive toxic effects when taken with vitamin A supplements.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Hepatotoxic Drugs

Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.
The tolerable upper intake level (UL) is the highest level of intake that is likely to pose no risk of adverse effects. Doses of vitamin A above the UL can cause hepatotoxicity, ranging from elevated liver enzymes to liver failure.

Likelihood Possible Evidence C
Tetracycline Antibiotics

Theoretically, taking tetracycline antibiotics with high doses of vitamin A can increase the risk of pseudotumor cerebri.
Benign intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri) can occur with tetracyclines and with acute or chronic vitamin A toxicity. Case reports suggest that taking tetracyclines and vitamin A concurrently can increase the risk of this condition. Avoid high doses of vitamin A in people taking tetracyclines chronically.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, high doses of vitamin A could increase the risk of bleeding with warfarin.
Vitamin A toxicity is associated with hemorrhage and hypoprothrombinemia, possibly due to vitamin K antagonism. Advise patients taking warfarin to avoid doses of vitamin A above the tolerable upper intake level of 10,000 IU/day for adults.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Vitamin A full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Dutch Harbor Omega Maintain Softgels, from the product label.

Big Bold Health

See all Big Bold Health products
Name
Big Bold Health
Street Address
115 Hall Brothers Loop, #107
City
Bainbridge Island
State
WA
ZipCode
98110
Phone Number
888-893-4329
Web Address
Bigboldhealth.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Dutch Harbor Omega Maintain Softgels by Big Bold Health: Common Questions

Does Dutch Harbor Omega Maintain Softgels by Big Bold Health interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Dutch Harbor Omega Maintain Softgels has a known interaction with 945 medications, including 9 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Dutch Harbor Omega Maintain Softgels contains 9 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is this safe during pregnancy?
Not without checking with your doctor first. Vitamin A at high doses can cause birth defects, so the safety data advises against it in pregnancy — stick to recommended amounts only. Vitamin D is often used at recommended doses during pregnancy under your doctor's supervision. Talk to your OB or pharmacist before starting.
What's the difference between the omega-3s in here?
This product contains EPA and DHA — the two most well-known omega-3 fatty acids — plus several related compounds derived from these fatty acids, like docosapentaenoic acid and various hydroxy derivatives. We don't have effectiveness data for those related compounds in our records, so I can't tell you what they're meant to do.
Can I take this if I'm on a blood thinner?
Not without checking first. Vitamin A in this product can increase bleeding risk if you're on warfarin (Coumadin) or similar blood thinners. Run it by your pharmacist with your exact medication list before you start.
What are the inactive ingredients?
The softgel is made of bovine gelatin, and it contains glycerin, purified water, lemon oil, and mixed tocopherols (a form of vitamin E used as a preservative).
Can too much vitamin A or D be harmful?
Yes. Both build up in your body over time, and very high doses can cause toxicity. Vitamin A toxicity can cause liver damage, brain swelling, and in extreme cases serious complications. Vitamin D toxicity causes high blood calcium, bone loss in adults, and slowed growth in children. This product is designed at recommended doses, but don't exceed the label without talking to your doctor.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Dutch Harbor Omega Maintain Softgels is safe with your meds?

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Dutch Harbor Omega Maintain Softgels label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Dutch Harbor Omega Maintain Softgels’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Vitamin A

Interacts with 387 drugs

Vitamin A is an essential nutrient important for vision, skin, immune function, and growth. Most people get enough from a balanced diet, and supplements are mainly useful for correcting a tr...

Read the full Vitamin A monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Vitamin D

Interacts with 715 drugs

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps your body absorb calcium and is important for healthy bones, muscles, and immune function. Many people, especially those with low sun exposure,...

Read the full Vitamin D monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Dutch Harbor Omega Maintain Softgels's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 57 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Vitamin A 31 references
  1. McEvoy GK, ed. AHFS Drug Information. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1998.
  2. Griffiths JK. The vitamin A paradox. J Pediatr 2000;137:604-7.. PubMed
  3. Hardman JG, Limbird LL, Molinoff PB, eds. Goodman and Gillman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1996.
  4. Hansten PD, Horn JR. Drug Interactions Analysis and Management. Vancouver, WA: Applied Therapeutics Inc., 1997 and updates.
  5. FDA Talk Paper. Vitamin A and birth defects (T95-56). Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD. October 6, 1995.
  6. Russell RM. The vitamin A spectrum: from deficiency to toxicity. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71:878-84. PubMed
  7. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2002.
  8. Feskanich D, Singh V, Willett WC, Colditz GA. Vitamin A intake and hip fractures among postmenopausal women. JAMA 2002;287:47-54. PubMed
  9. Melhus H, Michaelsson K, Kindmark A, et al. Excessive dietary intake of vitamin A is associated with reduced bone mineral density and increased risk for hip fracture. Ann Intern Med 1998;129:770-8. PubMed
  10. Michaelsson K, Lithell H, Vessby B, Melhus H. Serum retinol levels and the risk of fracture. N Engl J Med 2003;348:287-94.. PubMed
  11. Botterweck AA, van den Brandt PA, Goldbohm RA. Vitamins, carotenoids, dietary fiber, and the risk of gastric carcinoma: results from a prospective study after 6.3 years of follow-up. Cancer 2000;88:737-48.. DOI
  12. Meyskens FL Jr, Graham V, Chvapil M, et al. A phase I trial of beta-all-trans-retinoic acid delivered via a collagen sponge and a cervical cap for mild or moderate intraepithelial cervical neoplasia. J Natl Cancer Inst 1983;71:921-5..
  13. Hathcock JN, Hattan DG, Jenkins MY, et al. Evaluation of vitamin A toxicity. Am J Clin Nutr 1990;52:183-202.. PubMed
  14. Walters BN, Gubbay SS. Tetracycline and benign intracranial hypertension: report of five cases. Br Med J 1981;282:19-20.. PubMed
  15. Pearson MG, Littlewood SM, Bowden AN. Tetracycline and benign intracranial hypertension (letter). Br Med J 1981;282:568-9.. PubMed
  16. Azais-Braesco V, Pascal G. Vitamin A in pregnancy: requirements and safety limits. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71:1325S-33S. PubMed
  17. Smedts HP, de Vries JH, Rakhshandehroo M, et al. High maternal vitamin E intake by diet or supplements is associated with congenital heart defects in the offspring. BJOG 2009;116:416-23. PubMed
  18. Grotto, I., Mimouni, M., Gdalevich, M., and Mimouni, D. Vitamin A supplementation and childhood morbidity from diarrhea and respiratory infections: a meta-analysis. J Pediatr 2003;142(3):297-304. PubMed
  19. Mahalanabis, D., Lahiri, M., Paul, D., Gupta, S., Gupta, A., Wahed, M. A., and Khaled, M. A. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of the efficacy of treatment with zinc or vitamin A in infants and young children with severe acute l
  20. Long, K. Z., Montoya, Y., Hertzmark, E., Santos, J. I., and Rosado, J. L. A double-blind, randomized, clinical trial of the effect of vitamin A and zinc supplementation on diarrheal disease and respiratory tract infections in children in Mexico City, Mex
  21. Fritz, H., Kennedy, D., Fergusson, D., Fernandes, R., Doucette, S., Cooley, K., Seely, A., Sagar, S., Wong, R., and Seely, D. Vitamin A and retinoid derivatives for lung cancer: a systematic review and meta analysis. PLoS.One. 2011;6(6):e21107. PubMed
  22. Mayo-Wilson, E., Imdad, A., Herzer, K., Yakoob, M. Y., and Bhutta, Z. A. Vitamin A supplements for preventing mortality, illness, and blindness in children aged under 5: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2011;343:d5094. PubMed
  23. Mazumder S, Taneja S, Bhatia K, Yoshida S, Kaur J, Dube B, Toteja GS, Bahl R, Fontaine O, Martines J, Bhandari N; Neovita India Study Group. Efficacy of early neonatal supplementation with vitamin A to reduce mortality in infancy in Haryana, India (Neovit
  24. Baineni R, Gulati R, Delhi CK. Vitamin A toxicity presenting as bone pain. Arch Dis Child. 2017;102(6):556-8. PubMed
  25. Darlow BA, Graham PJ, Rojas-Reyes MX. Vitamin A supplementation to prevent mortality and short- and long-term morbidity in very low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;(8):CD000501. PubMed
  26. Haider BA, Sharma R, Bhutta ZA. Neonatal vitamin A supplementation for the prevention of mortality and morbidity in term neonates in low and middle income countries. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;2:CD006980. PubMed
  27. Mohammad YM, Raslan IR, Al-Hussain FA. Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Induced by Topical Application of Vitamin A. J Neuroophthalmol. 2016;36(4):412-3. PubMed
  28. Masnadi Shirazi K, Nikniaz Z, Masnadi Shirazi A, Rohani M. Vitamin A supplementation decreases disease activity index in patients with ulcerative colitis: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Complement Ther Med. 2018 Dec;41:215-219. PubMed
  29. Ding Y, Hu P, Yang Y, et al. Impact of maternal daily oral low-dose vitamin A supplementation on the mother-infant pair: a randomised placebo-controlled trial in China. Nutrients 2021;13(7):2370. PubMed
  30. Knapik JJ, Hoedebecke SS. Vitamin A and bone fractures: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Spec Oper Med 2021;21(2):100-7. PubMed
  31. Imdad A, Mayo-Wilson E, Haykal MR, et al. Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in children from six months to five years of age. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022;3(3):CD008524. PubMed

See these in context on the Vitamin A monograph →

Vitamin D 26 references
  1. McEvoy GK, ed. AHFS Drug Information. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1998.
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See these in context on the Vitamin D monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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