Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Based on 3 of 8 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Fire and Ice Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Big Bold Health

Fire and Ice label
See full label image
Softgel Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Major
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Fire and Ice against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

Fire and Ice is a dietary supplement by Big Bold Health with 8 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for eye and vision health, skin health and acne, immune support.Based on those ingredients, 971 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Vitamin D, Astaxanthin, Vitamin A. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Fire and Ice by Big Bold Health

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Fire and Ice by Big Bold Health — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Fire and Ice by Big Bold Health

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 30, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 9 of its 9 active ingredients.
  • “Total Omega-3 Fatty Acids” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (1,060 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

Fire and Ice contains 9 ingredients, 4 of which are active: vitamin A, vitamin D, astaxanthin, and a blend of omega-3 fatty acids (EPA, DHA, and DPA). The product also contains polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats, and pro-resolving mediators derived from wild Alaskan salmon oil.

The remaining ingredients—lemon oil, sunflower, mixed tocopherols (a form of vitamin E), fish gelatin, glycerin, and purified water—are inactive ingredients that serve as fillers, flavor, and capsule material.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: supports healthy skin and eyes.
  • We looked for evidence on: Acne, Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), Aging skin, Atopic dermatitis (eczema), Cataracts, Corneal abrasion — and 4 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Vitamin A is rated "Possibly Effective" for Aging skin (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Vitamin D is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Acne, Atopic dermatitis (eczema), Diabetic retinopathy.
  • Also on file: Vitamin A is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Acne, Cataracts, Atopic dermatitis (eczema).

Vitamin A is effective for vitamin A deficiency and possibly effective for oral leukoplakia, aging skin, measles, ulcerative colitis, and a rare lung condition in premature infants (bronchopulmonary dysplasia). Vitamin D is effective for several rare bone and calcium disorders: familial hypophosphatemia, osteomalacia, renal osteodystrophy, rickets, and hypoparathyroidism.

The evidence for astaxanthin's effectiveness hasn't been established in the data we hold—it's been studied for age-related cognitive decline, macular degeneration, aging skin, Alzheimer disease, athletic performance, and carpal tunnel syndrome, but the evidence is insufficient to rate it. The effectiveness of EPA, DHA, DPA, polyunsaturated fats, monounsaturated fats, and pro-resolving mediators in this product isn't included in the data we have.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Vitamin A Vitamin D Astaxanthin

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 3 of the 3 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 3 of 3.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 3 of 3.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Vitamin A is generally well tolerated at recommended amounts, but the body stores it, so high doses over time can become toxic—causing liver damage, headache, vision changes, and skin problems including rashes and hair loss. Vitamin D is well tolerated at recommended doses; very high doses over extended periods can cause vitamin D toxicity with high blood calcium levels.

In rare cases, both can cause serious effects. Vitamin A at high doses (especially as retinol) carries a caution in pregnancy and may cause birth defects; vitamin D use in pregnancy is likely safe at recommended amounts but should be guided by your doctor.

Astaxanthin is generally well tolerated in studies, though long-term safety data are limited. Pregnancy data for astaxanthin are insufficient; the safety notes advise avoiding it during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to lack of safety information.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Vitamin A Vitamin D Astaxanthin

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 3 of the 3 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Vitamin D, Vitamin A, Astaxanthin.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; heart-rhythm medications.
  • For scale: 972 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking Fire and Ice, double-check with your doctor or pharmacist if you take retinoid drugs (like isotretinoin), blood thinners (like warfarin), tetracycline antibiotics, heart rhythm medications (verapamil, diltiazem, digoxin), thiazide water pills, atorvastatin, calcipotriene skin cream, or any drug processed by your liver's CYP3A4 or CYP2B6 enzymes. High doses of vitamin A and D in this product could affect how these work—especially the retinoids and blood thinners, which carry major or moderate risk.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

Fire and Ice may suit someone looking to supplement vitamin A and D at recommended levels, particularly if they have a documented deficiency. Because vitamin A and vitamin D interact with several common medications—especially blood thinners, heart drugs, antibiotics, and cholesterol drugs—and because high doses can be toxic, you should check your exact medications with the tool on this page before starting.

Talk with your doctor or pharmacist to confirm the dose is right for you and to make sure it won't interfere with anything you're taking.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 3 of 9 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Nov 22, 2022.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Fire and Ice, straight from the product label.

Brand Big Bold Health
Barcode (UPC) 860002901732
Net contents 120 Softgel(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Nov 22, 2022
DSLD ID 276679
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Softgel Capsule
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Fire and Ice by Big Bold Health, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
4 Softgel(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
4 Softgel(s)
Servings per container
45
UPC/BARCODE
860002901732
IngredientAmount% DV
Protein1 Gram(s)--
Cholesterol30 mg10%
Total Fat5 Gram(s)6%
Polyunsaturated Fat2.3 Gram(s)--
Monounsaturated Fat2 mg--
Saturated Fat0.5 Gram(s)2.5%
Calories45 Calorie(s)--
Total Carbohydrate0 Gram(s)--
Total Omega-3 Fatty Acids1060 mg--
Total Pro-Resolving Mediators240 mcg--
Vitamin A2.4 mcg1%
Vitamin D8 mcg40%
EPA400 mg--
DHA400 mg--
DPA75 mg--
Astaxanthin3.2 mg--

Other ingredients: Wild Alaskan Salmon Oil, Lemon Oil, Astaxanthin, Sunflower, natural Mixed Tocopherols, Fish Gelatin, Glycerin, Water, Purified

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formula

Two superfoods, one blend Astaxanthin is one of nature's most powerful antioxidants. Salmon oil contains a full spectrum of omega-3 fatty acids (EPA, DHA, and DPA), as well as vitamin D. Fire and Ice is a unique blend of these two ingredients - one sourced from eco-friendly algae in the warm Hawaiian islands, the other extracted from wild-caught fish sustainably harvested from the cold waters of the Bering Sea. This consciously crafted product supports healthy skin and eyes.

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Directions: Take 4 softgels daily with food.

Precautions

Caution: If pregnant, nursing, or taking medications, consult with your health care practitioner before use.

Keep out of the reach of children.

Tamper Evident: Do not use safety seal is missing or broken.

Contains: Fish (salmon).

To report adverse events call 833-224-2010

Storage

Storage: Keep tightly closed in a cool, dry place.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Formulation

Supports healthy skin and eyes

Non-GMO Gluten-free

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Fire and Ice by Big Bold Health label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Fire and Ice label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Fire and Ice by Big Bold Health

These are the 8 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size4 Softgel(s) Dosage formSoftgel Capsule Servings per container45 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Protein

1 Gram(s) per serving

Total Omega-3 Fatty Acids

1060 mg per serving
  • › EPA
  • › DHA
  • › DPA

Total Pro-Resolving Mediators

240 mcg per serving Form: 14-Hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid, 17-Hydroxy-Docosahexaenoic Acid, 18-Hydroxyeicosapentaenoic Acid

Vitamin A

Interacts with
387 drugs
2.4 mcg per serving Form: Salmon Oil

Vitamin A is an essential nutrient important for vision, skin, immune function, and growth. Most people get enough from a balanced diet, and supplemen...

Vitamin A monograph & interactions

Vitamin D

Interacts with
715 drugs
8 mcg per serving Form: Salmon Oil

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps your body absorb calcium and is important for healthy bones, muscles, and immune function. Many people,...

Vitamin D monograph & interactions

Astaxanthin

Interacts with
671 drugs
3.2 mg per serving Form: Hawaiian H. pluvialis

Astaxanthin is a reddish carotenoid pigment with strong antioxidant activity in the lab, and it is widely promoted for skin, eye, heart, and exercise...

Astaxanthin monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Wild Alaskan Salmon Oil, Lemon Oil, Astaxanthin, Sunflower, Natural Mixed Tocopherols, Fish Gelatin, Glycerin, Water, Purified. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Fire and Ice by Big Bold Health Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Fire and Ice?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
971Drugs
9 Major 962 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Vitamin D 715
Astaxanthin 671
Vitamin A 387

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Fire and Ice interact with 971 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

3 of the 8 ingredients in Fire and Ice interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Vitamin D Astaxanthin Vitamin A

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Fire and Ice with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Vitamin D8 drug types · 715 drugs

Aluminum

Vitamin D might increase aluminum absorption and toxicity, but this has only been reported in people with renal failure.
The protein that transports calcium across the intestinal wall can also bind and transport aluminum. This protein is stimulated by vitamin D, which may therefore increase aluminum absorption. This mechanism may contribute to increased aluminum levels and toxicity in people with renal failure, when they take vitamin D and aluminum-containing phosphate binders chronically.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Atorvastatin (Lipitor)

Vitamin D might reduce absorption of atorvastatin.
A small, low-quality clinical study shows that taking vitamin D reduces levels of atorvastatin and its active metabolites by up to 55%. However, while atorvastatin levels decreased, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels did not substantially change. Atorvastatin is metabolized in the gut by CYP3A4 enzymes, and researchers theorized that vitamin D might induce CYP3A4, causing reduced levels of atorvastatin. However, this proposed mechanism was not specifically studied.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Calcipotriene (Dovonex)

Taking calcipotriene with vitamin D increases the risk for hypercalcemia.
Calcipotriene is a vitamin D analog used topically for psoriasis. It can be absorbed in sufficient amounts to cause systemic effects, including hypercalcemia. Theoretically, combining calcipotriene with vitamin D supplements might increase the risk of hypercalcemia.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Digoxin (Lanoxin)

Theoretically, hypercalcemia induced by high-dose vitamin D can increase the risk of arrhythmia from digoxin.
High doses of vitamin D can cause hypercalcemia. Hypercalcemia increases the risk of fatal cardiac arrhythmias with digoxin. Avoid vitamin D doses above the tolerable upper intake level (4000 IU daily for adults) and monitor serum calcium levels in people taking vitamin D and digoxin concurrently.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Diltiazem (Cardizem, Others)

Theoretically, hypercalcemia induced by high-dose vitamin D can reduce the therapeutic effects of diltiazem for arrhythmia.
High doses of vitamin D can cause hypercalcemia. Hypercalcemia can reduce the effectiveness of verapamil in atrial fibrillation. Theoretically this could also occur with diltiazem. Avoid vitamin D doses above the tolerable upper intake level (4000 IU daily for adults) and monitor serum calcium levels in people taking vitamin D and diltiazem concurrently.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Thiazide Diuretics

Theoretically, taking thiazide diuretics and high-dose vitamin D can increase the risk of hypercalcemia.
Thiazide diuretics decrease urinary calcium excretion, which could lead to hypercalcemia if vitamin D supplements are taken concurrently. This has been reported in people being treated with vitamin D for hypoparathyroidism, and also in elderly people with normal parathyroid function who were taking a thiazide, vitamin D, and calcium-containing antacids daily.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Verapamil (Calan, Others)

Hypercalcemia induced by high-dose vitamin D can reduce the therapeutic effects of verapamil for arrhythmia.
Hypercalcemia due to high doses of vitamin D can reduce the effectiveness of verapamil in atrial fibrillation. Avoid vitamin D doses above the tolerable upper intake level (4000 IU daily for adults) and monitor serum calcium levels in people taking vitamin D and verapamil concurrently.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Vitamin D might induce CYP3A4 enzymes and reduce the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates.
There is some concern that vitamin D might induce CYP3A4. In vitro research suggests that vitamin D induces CYP3A4 transcription. Additionally, observational research has found that increased UV light exposure and serum vitamin D levels are associated with decreased serum levels of CYP3A4 substrates such as tacrolimus and sirolimus, while no association between UV light exposure or vitamin D levels and levels of mycophenolic acid, a non-CYP3A4 substrate, was found. A small, low-quality clinical study shows that taking vitamin D reduces levels of the CYP3A4 substrate atorvastatin and its active metabolites by up to 55%; however, the clinical effects of atorvastatin were not reduced. While researchers theorized that vitamin D might induce CYP3A4, this proposed mechanism was not specifically studied.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Vitamin D full monograph & interactions

Astaxanthin2 drug types · 671 drugs

Cytochrome P450 2B6 (Cyp2B6) Substrates

Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2B6.
In vitro research shows that astaxanthin induces cytochrome CYP2B6 enzyme activity in human hepatocytes. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
In vitro research shows that astaxanthin induces CYP3A4 enzyme activity in human hepatocytes. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Astaxanthin full monograph & interactions

Vitamin A4 drug types · 387 drugs

Retinoids

Concomitant use of retinoids with vitamin A supplements might produce supratherapeutic vitamin A levels.
Retinoids, which are vitamin A derivatives, could have additive toxic effects when taken with vitamin A supplements.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Hepatotoxic Drugs

Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.
The tolerable upper intake level (UL) is the highest level of intake that is likely to pose no risk of adverse effects. Doses of vitamin A above the UL can cause hepatotoxicity, ranging from elevated liver enzymes to liver failure.

Likelihood Possible Evidence C
Tetracycline Antibiotics

Theoretically, taking tetracycline antibiotics with high doses of vitamin A can increase the risk of pseudotumor cerebri.
Benign intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri) can occur with tetracyclines and with acute or chronic vitamin A toxicity. Case reports suggest that taking tetracyclines and vitamin A concurrently can increase the risk of this condition. Avoid high doses of vitamin A in people taking tetracyclines chronically.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, high doses of vitamin A could increase the risk of bleeding with warfarin.
Vitamin A toxicity is associated with hemorrhage and hypoprothrombinemia, possibly due to vitamin K antagonism. Advise patients taking warfarin to avoid doses of vitamin A above the tolerable upper intake level of 10,000 IU/day for adults.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Vitamin A full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Fire and Ice, from the product label.

Big Bold Health

See all Big Bold Health products
Name
Big Bold Health
Street Address
115 Hall Brothers Loop, #107
City
Bainbridge Island
State
WA
ZipCode
98110
Phone Number
888-893-4329
Web Address
Bigboldhealth.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Fire and Ice by Big Bold Health: Common Questions

Does Fire and Ice by Big Bold Health interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Fire and Ice has a known interaction with 971 medications, including 9 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Fire and Ice contains 8 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Can I take Fire and Ice if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
For vitamin A: high doses can cause birth defects; use only at recommended amounts and only under your doctor's guidance. For vitamin D: recommended amounts are likely safe in pregnancy, though check with your doctor about higher doses. Astaxanthin safety data in pregnancy and breastfeeding are insufficient—the notes advise avoiding it. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist about what's right for you.
Will Fire and Ice cause side effects?
At recommended doses, both vitamin A and vitamin D are generally well tolerated. Astaxanthin is also well tolerated in studies, though some people reported abdominal pain, diarrhea, or red-colored stools. High doses of vitamin A or D over time can cause toxicity—vitamin A can cause liver damage, headaches, and skin problems; vitamin D can cause high blood calcium. Stick to the recommended dose.
Is Fire and Ice effective for aging skin?
Vitamin A in this product is possibly effective for aging skin based on the data we have. Astaxanthin has been studied for aging skin, but we don't have enough reliable evidence to rate whether it works for this purpose.
What are the omega-3s (EPA, DHA, DPA) in Fire and Ice for?
The product contains EPA, DHA, and DPA as omega-3 fatty acids, along with pro-resolving mediators from wild Alaskan salmon oil, but the effectiveness data for these ingredients in this product aren't included in the information we hold.
Can high doses of Fire and Ice be toxic?
Yes. Vitamin A and vitamin D both build up in your body and can become toxic at high doses—vitamin A especially as retinol. The data notes that vitamin A is safe at recommended amounts but high doses can cause liver toxicity, and vitamin D is safe at recommended doses but excessive doses can cause toxicity with high blood calcium. Stick to the recommended dose on the label.
Why does the product contain both vitamin A and vitamin D?
The product facts don't explain the intended purpose of combining them. Check the label or contact the manufacturer for their intended use.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Fire and Ice label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Fire and Ice’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Vitamin A

Interacts with 387 drugs

Vitamin A is an essential nutrient important for vision, skin, immune function, and growth. Most people get enough from a balanced diet, and supplements are mainly useful for correcting a tr...

Read the full Vitamin A monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Vitamin D

Interacts with 715 drugs

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps your body absorb calcium and is important for healthy bones, muscles, and immune function. Many people, especially those with low sun exposure,...

Read the full Vitamin D monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Astaxanthin

Interacts with 671 drugs

Astaxanthin is a reddish carotenoid pigment with strong antioxidant activity in the lab, and it is widely promoted for skin, eye, heart, and exercise benefits. Early human studies are promis...

Read the full Astaxanthin monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Fire and Ice's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 60 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Vitamin A 31 references
  1. McEvoy GK, ed. AHFS Drug Information. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1998.
  2. Griffiths JK. The vitamin A paradox. J Pediatr 2000;137:604-7.. PubMed
  3. Hardman JG, Limbird LL, Molinoff PB, eds. Goodman and Gillman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1996.
  4. Hansten PD, Horn JR. Drug Interactions Analysis and Management. Vancouver, WA: Applied Therapeutics Inc., 1997 and updates.
  5. FDA Talk Paper. Vitamin A and birth defects (T95-56). Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD. October 6, 1995.
  6. Russell RM. The vitamin A spectrum: from deficiency to toxicity. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71:878-84. PubMed
  7. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2002.
  8. Feskanich D, Singh V, Willett WC, Colditz GA. Vitamin A intake and hip fractures among postmenopausal women. JAMA 2002;287:47-54. PubMed
  9. Melhus H, Michaelsson K, Kindmark A, et al. Excessive dietary intake of vitamin A is associated with reduced bone mineral density and increased risk for hip fracture. Ann Intern Med 1998;129:770-8. PubMed
  10. Michaelsson K, Lithell H, Vessby B, Melhus H. Serum retinol levels and the risk of fracture. N Engl J Med 2003;348:287-94.. PubMed
  11. Botterweck AA, van den Brandt PA, Goldbohm RA. Vitamins, carotenoids, dietary fiber, and the risk of gastric carcinoma: results from a prospective study after 6.3 years of follow-up. Cancer 2000;88:737-48.. DOI
  12. Meyskens FL Jr, Graham V, Chvapil M, et al. A phase I trial of beta-all-trans-retinoic acid delivered via a collagen sponge and a cervical cap for mild or moderate intraepithelial cervical neoplasia. J Natl Cancer Inst 1983;71:921-5..
  13. Hathcock JN, Hattan DG, Jenkins MY, et al. Evaluation of vitamin A toxicity. Am J Clin Nutr 1990;52:183-202.. PubMed
  14. Walters BN, Gubbay SS. Tetracycline and benign intracranial hypertension: report of five cases. Br Med J 1981;282:19-20.. PubMed
  15. Pearson MG, Littlewood SM, Bowden AN. Tetracycline and benign intracranial hypertension (letter). Br Med J 1981;282:568-9.. PubMed
  16. Azais-Braesco V, Pascal G. Vitamin A in pregnancy: requirements and safety limits. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71:1325S-33S. PubMed
  17. Smedts HP, de Vries JH, Rakhshandehroo M, et al. High maternal vitamin E intake by diet or supplements is associated with congenital heart defects in the offspring. BJOG 2009;116:416-23. PubMed
  18. Grotto, I., Mimouni, M., Gdalevich, M., and Mimouni, D. Vitamin A supplementation and childhood morbidity from diarrhea and respiratory infections: a meta-analysis. J Pediatr 2003;142(3):297-304. PubMed
  19. Mahalanabis, D., Lahiri, M., Paul, D., Gupta, S., Gupta, A., Wahed, M. A., and Khaled, M. A. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of the efficacy of treatment with zinc or vitamin A in infants and young children with severe acute l
  20. Long, K. Z., Montoya, Y., Hertzmark, E., Santos, J. I., and Rosado, J. L. A double-blind, randomized, clinical trial of the effect of vitamin A and zinc supplementation on diarrheal disease and respiratory tract infections in children in Mexico City, Mex
  21. Fritz, H., Kennedy, D., Fergusson, D., Fernandes, R., Doucette, S., Cooley, K., Seely, A., Sagar, S., Wong, R., and Seely, D. Vitamin A and retinoid derivatives for lung cancer: a systematic review and meta analysis. PLoS.One. 2011;6(6):e21107. PubMed
  22. Mayo-Wilson, E., Imdad, A., Herzer, K., Yakoob, M. Y., and Bhutta, Z. A. Vitamin A supplements for preventing mortality, illness, and blindness in children aged under 5: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2011;343:d5094. PubMed
  23. Mazumder S, Taneja S, Bhatia K, Yoshida S, Kaur J, Dube B, Toteja GS, Bahl R, Fontaine O, Martines J, Bhandari N; Neovita India Study Group. Efficacy of early neonatal supplementation with vitamin A to reduce mortality in infancy in Haryana, India (Neovit
  24. Baineni R, Gulati R, Delhi CK. Vitamin A toxicity presenting as bone pain. Arch Dis Child. 2017;102(6):556-8. PubMed
  25. Darlow BA, Graham PJ, Rojas-Reyes MX. Vitamin A supplementation to prevent mortality and short- and long-term morbidity in very low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;(8):CD000501. PubMed
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Vitamin D 26 references
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Astaxanthin 3 references
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  3. Choi HD, Youn YK, Shin WG. Positive effects of astaxanthin on lipid profiles and oxidative stress in overweight subjects. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2011;66:363-369. PubMed

See these in context on the Astaxanthin monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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