Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Echinamide Active Support Honey Lemon Syrup Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Natural Factors

Liquid Category: Botanical
Most serious interaction: Moderate
The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Echinamide Active Support Honey Lemon Syrup is a dietary supplement by Natural Factors with 2 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for common cold, flu and respiratory infections, immune support.Based on those ingredients, 1,161 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are ECHINAMIDE liquid extract. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Echinamide Active Support Honey Lemon Syrup by Natural Factors

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 6 of its 6 active ingredients.
  • “ECHINAMIDE liquid extract” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (230 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

This syrup contains six active liquid extracts: wild cherry bark, mullein leaf, peppermint leaf and oil, horehound leaf, echinacea (ECHINAMIDE), and eucalyptus oil. These are mixed into a base of honey, glycerin, and lemon oil for flavor and consistency.

The peppermint and echinacea are the ingredients with the most clinical research behind them, particularly for digestive and immune support, though the evidence for most uses in this product remains limited or unproven.

Does it work?

Not established
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Not established

The graded evidence we hold for these ingredients covers different conditions than the ones this product is marketed for, so there's no established rating for its stated use.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: soothing respiratory and immune support syrup.
  • We looked for evidence on: Common cold, Cough, Bronchitis, Upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), Influenza, Fever — and 3 related terms.
  • The closest evidence on file: Mullein is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Bronchitis (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Mullein is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Cough, Influenza.
  • Also on file: Eucalyptus is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Bronchitis, Cough, Influenza, Fever.

The data we hold shows insufficient evidence to rate wild cherry, mullein, horehound, and eucalyptus for any condition in this product. Peppermint has the strongest evidence: it's likely effective for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and possibly effective for indigestion, nausea from chemotherapy or medical procedures, and spasm during barium enema or endoscopy.

Echinacea's effectiveness is also not established in our data for the conditions listed. Without established effectiveness for most of its ingredients, this product's benefits are uncertain.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Echinacea Wild Cherry Mullein Peppermint White Horehound Eucalyptus

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 6 of the 6 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 6 of 6.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 6 of 6.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Peppermint, echinacea, and eucalyptus oil are generally well tolerated in the amounts used short-term; however, peppermint should be used cautiously in concentrated form, and echinacea may trigger allergic reactions in people sensitive to ragweed and related plants. Wild cherry and horehound both raise safety concerns: wild cherry contains cyanide-forming compounds and should not be used in large amounts—a case of accidental poisoning from eating about 300 grams of wild cherries led to confusion, severe breathing trouble, and coma.

Horehound is traditionally thought to stimulate the uterus. Common side effects from peppermint and echinacea include stomach upset, nausea, diarrhea, and rash.

Rare serious effects from echinacea include allergic reactions and hepatitis. Eucalyptus oil is safe for inhalation or diluted topical use but can be toxic if swallowed undiluted.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Echinacea Wild Cherry Mullein Peppermint White Horehound Eucalyptus

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 6 of the 6 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Mullein, Eucalyptus, Peppermint, White Horehound, Wild Cherry, among others.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; diabetes medications.
  • For scale: 1,162 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this syrup, check with your doctor or pharmacist if you take any of these: drugs broken down by cytochrome P450 enzymes (including cholesterol medications like lovastatin, heart drugs like felodipine, and many others); cyclosporine (an immunosuppressant); blood pressure medications; diabetes medications; blood thinners like warfarin; caffeine-containing medications; etoposide or other cancer drugs; immunosuppressant therapy; or amphetamines or pentobarbital. The interactions span all five ingredients we could fully check.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with no established evidence rating for its marketed use. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This syrup blends several herbs with limited proven effectiveness and important safety cautions—especially the cyanide risk from wild cherry at high doses and potential allergic reactions to echinacea. Because it interacts with a large number of medications across multiple drug classes, you'll want to check your exact prescriptions against the interaction tool on this page and discuss the product with your own doctor or pharmacist before starting, especially if you take any heart, blood pressure, diabetes, blood thinner, or cancer medications.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 6 of 6 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated May 22, 2020.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Echinamide Active Support Honey Lemon Syrup, straight from the product label.

Brand Natural Factors
Barcode (UPC) 068958047607
Net contents 5 Fluid Ounce(s); 150 mL
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD May 22, 2020
DSLD ID 220111
Product type Botanical
Supplement form Liquid
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Children 4 or More Years of Age, Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free, Dairy Free, Children more than 1 but less than 4
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Echinamide Active Support Honey Lemon Syrup by Natural Factors, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
5 mL
Maximum serving Sizes:
5 mL
Servings per container
30
UPC/BARCODE
068958047607
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories15 Calorie(s)--
Total Carbohydrates4 Gram(s)1%, 3%
Added Sugars3 Gram(s)12%, 6%
Total Sugars4 Gram(s)--
Wild Cherry bark liquid extract1068 mg--
Mullein leaf liquid extract636 mg--
Peppermint leaf liquid extract and oil315 mg--
Horehound leaf liquid extract195 mg--
ECHINAMIDE liquid extract975 mg--
ECHINAMIDE liquid extract230 mg--
Eucalyptus Oil2.6 mg--

Other ingredients: Honey, Glycerin, Lemon Oil

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Seals/Symbols

isura Non-GMO - Mass Spec Documentation Lab tested

Purity & Potency Guaranteed

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested Usage: 1 teaspoon (5 ml), 1-6 times per day or as directed by a health professional. Children under 10 years, take half the dosage. Not recommended for children under 2 years. Shake well before use.

For a soothing and comforting drink, stir one teaspoon in a cup of hot water.

Precautions

Not recommended for children under 2 years.

Caution: As with any supplement, consult your health professional before use if you are pregnant, breastfeeding, or trying to conceive, or if you are taking medication, have a medical condition, or anticipate a surgery.

Keep out of reach of children.

Sealed for your protection. Do not use if seal is broken.

Safe for children (taken as directed)

Formula

A soothing syrup containing Echinamide and other herbs in a base of Echinacea honey.

Echinamide is a unique plant compound containing standardized levels of Echinacea purpurea's three key active compounds.

Pleasant honey lemon flavor

Echinamide Active Support- a pleasant tasting, soothing syrup containing Echinamide and other herbs in a base of Echinacea honey. Echinamide is processed using a patented method resulting in an extract with standardized levels of Echinacea purpurea's three key active compounds - alkylamides, polysaccharides and cichoric acid - that scientific and clinical research has shown to help stimulate the immune system.

Full spectrum fresh herb extract

Formulation

Two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical studies clearly demonstrated that Echinamide provides immune system support.

Manufactured by Natural Factors to ensure safety and potency in accordance with Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) of the FDA and Health Canada.

Contains no artificial colors, preservatives, or sweeteners; no dairy, starch, wheat, gluten, yeast, soy, corn, egg, fish, shellfish, salt, tree nuts, or GMOs.

Suitable for vegetarians.

Immune system support

Storage

For freshness, store in a cool, dry place.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

General Statements

Product of Canada Recyclable container and label.

Clinically studied

Echinamide The safety of nature

Try other Echinamide products Anti-V formula softgels or liquid extract: A broad spectrum immune support formula containing Echinamide, astragalus, reishi mushroom, lomatium and licorice extracts. Available in liquid or softgels. Echinamide clinical strength sofgels or liquid extract: Year round immune system support may be required.

R3

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Brand IP Statement(s)

Echinamide is a registered trademark of Factors R & D Technologies Ltd., Calgary AB. U.S. Patent No. 6,511,683

Patented

See for yourself

Echinamide Active Support Honey Lemon Syrup by Natural Factors label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

What’s inside

The Ingredients in Echinamide Active Support Honey Lemon Syrup by Natural Factors

These are the 2 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size5 mL Dosage formLiquid Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

ECHINAMIDE liquid extract

Interacts with
816 drugs
975 mg per serving

Echinacea is a popular herb taken to help prevent or shorten the common cold, but study results are mixed and the overall benefit appears small at bes...

ECHINAMIDE liquid extract monograph & interactions

ECHINAMIDE liquid extract

Interacts with
816 drugs
230 mg per serving

Echinacea is a popular herb taken to help prevent or shorten the common cold, but study results are mixed and the overall benefit appears small at bes...

ECHINAMIDE liquid extract monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Honey, Glycerin, Lemon Oil. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Echinamide Active Support Honey Lemon Syrup by Natural Factors Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Echinamide Active Support Honey Lemon Syrup?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

Go to the checker
1,161Drugs
1,100 Moderate 61 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Echinamide Active Support Honey Lemon Syrup with known interactions, here are the types of medications it can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

ECHINAMIDE liquid extract12 drug types · 816 drugs

Caffeine

Echinacea can increase plasma levels of caffeine by inhibiting its metabolism.
Echinacea seems to increase plasma concentrations of caffeine by around 30%. This is likely due to inhibition of cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) by echinacea.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Echinacea might inhibit the metabolism of CYP1A2 and increase plasma levels of some drugs.
Echinacea appears to inhibit CYP1A2 enzymes in humans. Additionally, echinacea seems to increase plasma concentrations of caffeine, a CYP1A2 substrate, by around 30%. Theoretically, echinacea might increase levels of other drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Echinacea may induce hepatic CYP3A4 and inhibit intestinal CYP3A4. This may increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Several clinical trials have shown that taking echinacea for up to one month does not significantly affect the metabolism of various CYP3A4 substrates, including midazolam, docetaxel, etravirine, lopinavir-ritonavir, and darunavir-ritonavir. However, other clinical research shows that echinacea may increase the clearance of midazolam, suggesting that echinacea might induce CYP3A4. The discrepancy is thought to be due to differing effects of echinacea on intestinal versus hepatic CYP3A4 enzymes. Echinacea appears to induce hepatic CYP3A4 but inhibit intestinal CYP3A4. In some cases, these effects might cancel each other out, but in others, drug levels may be increased or decreased depending on the level of effect at hepatic and intestinal sites. The effect of echinacea on CYP3A4 activity may differ depending on the CYP3A4 substrate.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Etoposide (Vepesid)

Echinacea may increase levels of etoposide.
In one report, concomitant use of etoposide and echinacea was associated with more severe thrombocytopenia than the use of etoposide alone, suggesting inhibition of etoposide metabolism. Etoposide is a cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) substrate. Echinacea has variable effects on CYP3A4, but some studies have reported inhibition of the enzyme.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Immunosuppressants

Echinacea has immunostimulant activity which may interfere with immunosuppressant therapy.
Theoretically, echinacea may interfere with immunosuppressant therapy because of its immunostimulant activity.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Darunavir (Prezista)

Theoretically, echinacea may interfere with the metabolism of darunavir; however, a small clinical study found no effect.
Darunavir is metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and is administered with the CYP3A4 inhibitor ritonavir to increase its plasma concentrations. Echinacea has variable effects on CYP3A4, but administration of an E. purpurea root extract (Arkocapsulas Echinacea, Arkopharma) 500 mg four times daily for 14 days did not affect darunavir/ritonavir pharmacokinetics in 15 HIV-infected patients.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Dayquil Severe

Echinacea is reported to have varying effects on a number of Cytochrome P450 metabolizing enzymes in the liver, including CYP1A2 and CYP3A4, which play a role in acetaminophen and dextromethorphan metabolism (both contained in DayQuil Severe), respectively. Studies have reported both enzyme inhibition and induction, making it difficult to predict clinically significant drug interactions with reliability. Specific drug interaction studies reporting definitive results are rare, and potential drug interactions involving echinacea should likely be taken on a case-by-case basis. Based on what we know about how acetaminophen and dextromethorphan are metabolized, the risk of a clinically significant interaction between echinacea and DayQuil Severe is low.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence A
Docetaxel (Taxotere)

Theoretically, echinacea may interfere with the metabolism of docetaxel; however, a small clinical study found no effect.
Docetaxel is metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). Echinacea has variable effects on CYP3A4, but taking E. purpurea whole plant extract (Echinaforce, A. Vogel Biopharma AG) 20 drops three times daily for 2 weeks did not alter the pharmacokinetics of docetaxel in one clinical study.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Etravirine (Intelence)

Theoretically, echinacea may interfere with the metabolism of etravirine; however, a small clinical study found no effect.
Etravirine is metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). Echinacea has variable effects on CYP3A4, but taking E. purpurea root extract (Arkocapsulas Echinacea, Arkopharma) 500 mg three times daily for 14 days did not alter the pharmacokinetics of etravirine in HIV-infected patients.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Lopinavir/Ritonavir (Kaletra)

Theoretically, echinacea may interfere with the metabolism of lopinavir; however, a small clinical study found no effect.
Lopinavir is metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and is administered with the CYP3A4 inhibitor ritonavir to increase its plasma concentrations. Echinacea has variable effects on CYP3A4, but taking E. purpurea (Echinamide, Natural Factors Nutritional Products, Inc.) 500 mg three times daily for 14 days did not alter the pharmacokinetics of lopinavir/ritonavir in healthy volunteers.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Midazolam (Versed)

Theoretically, echinacea may increase the metabolism of intravenous midazolam.
Echinacea induces hepatic CYP3A4 and might decrease plasma levels of midazolam by about 20%, reducing the effectiveness of intravenous midazolam. Echinacea also appears to inhibit intestinal CYP3A4, which could theoretically increase the bioavailability of oral midazolam. This may cancel out the decrease in availability caused by induction of hepatic CYP3A4, such that overall plasma levels after oral administration of midazolam are not affected by echinacea.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Echinacea seems to increase the clearance of warfarin, although the effect may not be clinically significant.
Preliminary clinical research in healthy male volunteers suggests that taking echinacea increases the clearance of the active S-isomer of warfarin after a single dose of warfarin, but there was not a clinically significant effect on the INR.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Echinamide Active Support Honey Lemon Syrup, from the product label.

Natural Factors

See all Natural Factors products
Name
Natural Factors Canada
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Echinamide Active Support Honey Lemon Syrup by Natural Factors: Common Questions

Does Echinamide Active Support Honey Lemon Syrup by Natural Factors interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Echinamide Active Support Honey Lemon Syrup has a known interaction with 1,161 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Echinamide Active Support Honey Lemon Syrup contains 2 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is this safe during pregnancy or breastfeeding?
No, the data advises against it. Wild cherry and horehound are rated likely unsafe in pregnancy; mullein and echinacea should be avoided in pregnancy due to insufficient safety data; peppermint is likely safe in pregnancy, but several ingredients shouldn't be used while breastfeeding because of limited data. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist before using this during pregnancy or while nursing.
Does echinacea in this product really help prevent colds?
We don't have effectiveness data for echinacea supporting cold prevention in our records. While echinacea is popular for immune support, the scientific evidence for it is not established in the data we hold.
What is mullein, and what is it supposed to do?
Mullein is a plant leaf extract traditionally used for respiratory support—cough, bronchitis, and asthma. However, we have insufficient evidence to confirm it works for these purposes. It may mildly thin the blood, which matters if you're on blood thinners.
Can this syrup cause allergic reactions?
Yes, echinacea can trigger allergic reactions, especially in people sensitive to ragweed, chrysanthemums, or other Asteraceae family plants. Reactions range from mild (rash, runny nose) to serious (anaphylaxis). Peppermint has also been linked to rare cases of anaphylaxis. If you have a ragweed allergy or history of plant allergies, mention it to your doctor or pharmacist.
Why should I be careful with the wild cherry in this?
Wild cherry contains cyanide-forming compounds. At high doses, it can cause cyanide toxicity—a case reports a woman who consumed about 300 grams of steeped wild cherries and ended up in a coma with confusion and severe breathing problems. This syrup is a small dose, but large or repeated use is not recommended.
Can this interact with my caffeine intake?
Yes. Echinacea in this product can boost caffeine levels in your blood by around 30%, which might cause jitters, anxiety, or sleep trouble. If you drink coffee, tea, or take caffeine pills, watch for these effects.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Echinamide Active Support Honey Lemon Syrup label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Echinamide Active Support Honey Lemon Syrup’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Echinacea

Interacts with 816 drugs

Echinacea is a popular herb taken to help prevent or shorten the common cold, but study results are mixed and the overall benefit appears small at best. It is generally well tolerated for sh...

Read the full Echinacea monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Wild Cherry

Interacts with 643 drugs

Wild cherry bark is a traditional cough remedy found in many old-fashioned cough syrups and lozenges, but there is little modern scientific evidence proving it works. The bark, leaves, and s...

Read the full Wild Cherry monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Mullein

Interacts with 122 drugs

Mullein is a traditional herbal remedy most often used as a tea or syrup to soothe coughs, sore throats, and respiratory irritation. High-quality human studies are lacking, so its benefits a...

Read the full Mullein monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Peppermint

Interacts with 796 drugs

Peppermint is a popular herb with the best evidence supporting enteric-coated peppermint oil for easing IBS symptoms. It is generally well tolerated for most adults, but it can cause heartbu...

Read the full Peppermint monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

White Horehound

Interacts with 258 drugs

White horehound is a traditional bitter herb used mainly for coughs, sore throats, and mild digestive complaints, and it is a common flavoring in old-fashioned cough drops. Solid human evide...

Read the full White Horehound monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Eucalyptus

Interacts with 878 drugs

Eucalyptus is best known for its strong-smelling oil used in vapor rubs, inhalants, and lozenges to ease coughs and congestion. It may provide mild, short-term relief of cold symptoms, but t...

Read the full Eucalyptus monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Echinamide Active Support Honey Lemon Syrup's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 129 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Wild Cherry 4 references
  1. Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
  2. Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
  3. Budzinski JW, Foster BC, Vandenhoek S, Arnason JT. An in vitro evaluation of human cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibition by selected commercial herbal extracts and tinctures. Phytomedicine 2000;7:273-82. PubMed
  4. Pentore, R., Venneri, A., and Nichelli, P. Accidental choke-cherry poisoning: early symptoms and neurological sequelae of an unusual case of cyanide intoxication. Ital.J Neurol.Sci. 1996;17(3):233-235. PubMed

See these in context on the Wild Cherry monograph →

Mullein 2 references
  1. Castro AI, Carmona JB, Gonzales FG, Nestar OB. Occupational airborne dermatitis from gordolobo (Verbascum densiflorum). Contact Dermatitis 2006;55(5):301.
  2. Flores Echaiz C, Al Ali A, Cao AQ, Sasseville D. Simultaneous contact dermatitis caused by Asteraceae and Verbascum thapsus. Contact Dermatitis 2017;76(5):316-8.

See these in context on the Mullein monograph →

Peppermint 41 references
  1. Liu JH, Chen GH, Yeh HZ, et al. Enteric-coated peppermint-oil capsules in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: a prospective, randomized trial. J Gastroenterol 1997;32:765-8. PubMed
  2. Pittler MH, Ernst E. Peppermint oil for irritable bowel syndrome: a critical review and metaanalysis. Am J Gastroenterol 1998;93:1131-5. PubMed
  3. Kline RM, Kline JJ, Di Palma J, Barbero GJ. Enteric-coated, pH-dependent peppermint oil capsules for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome in children. J Pediatr 2001;138:125-8. PubMed
  4. Madisch A, Heydenreich CJ, Wieland V, et al. Treatment of functional dyspepsia with a fixed peppermint oil and caraway oil combination preparation as compared to cisapride. A multicenter, reference-controlled, double-blind equivalence study. Arzneimittel
  5. May B, Kuntz HD, Kieser M, Kohler S. Efficacy of a fixed peppermint oil/caraway oil combination in non-ulcer dyspepsia. Arzneimittelforschung 1996;46:1149-53.
  6. Micklefield GH, Greving I, May B. Effects of peppermint oil and caraway oil on gastroduodenal motility. Phytother Res 2000;14:20-3. DOI
  7. Morton CA, Garioch J, Todd P, et al. Contact sensitivity to menthol and peppermint in patients with intra-oral symptoms. Contact Dermatitis 1995;32:281-4. PubMed
  8. May B, Kohler S, Schneider B. Efficacy and tolerability of a fixed combination of peppermint oil and caraway oil in patients suffering from functional dyspepsia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2000;14:1671-7. PubMed
  9. Nash P, Gould SR, Bernardo DE. Peppermint oil does not relieve the pain of irritable bowel syndrome. Br J Clin Pract 1986;40:292-3. DOI
  10. Rees WD, Evans BK, Rhodes J. Treating irritable bowel syndrome with peppermint oil. Br Med J 1979;2:835-6. PubMed
  11. Davies SJ, Harding LM, Baranowski AP. A novel treatment of postherpetic neuralgia using peppermint oil. Clin J Pain 2002;18:200-2. PubMed
  12. Weston CF. Anal burning and peppermint oil. Postgrad Med J 1987;63:717. PubMed
  13. Dresser GK, Wacher V, Wong S, et al. Evaluation of peppermint oil and ascorbyl palmitate as inhibitors of cytochrome P4503A4 activity in vitro and in vivo. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2002;72:247-55. PubMed
  14. Wacher VJ, Wong S, Wong HT. Peppermint oil enhances cyclosporine oral bioavailability in rats: comparison with D-alpha-tocopheryl poly(ethylene glycol 1000) succinate (TPGS) and ketoconazole. J Pharm Sci 2002;91:77-90.
  15. Lawson MJ, Knight RE, Tran K, et al. Failure of enteric-coated peppermint oil in the irritable bowel syndrome: a randomized double-blind crossover study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1988;3:235-8. DOI
  16. Unger M, Frank A. Simultaneous determination of the inhibitory potency of herbal extracts on the activity of six major cytochrome P450 enzymes using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and automated online extraction. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2004;1 PubMed
  17. Maliakal PP, Wanwimolruk S. Effect of herbal teas on hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2001;53:1323-9. PubMed
  18. Rogers SN, Pahor AL. A form of stomatitis induced by excessive peppermint consumption. Dent Update 1995;22:36-7.
  19. Cappello G, Spezzaferro M, Grossi L, et al. Peppermint oil (Mintoil) in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: a prospective double blind placebo-controlled randomized trial. Dig Liver Dis 2007;39:530-6. PubMed
  20. Moghadam BK, Gier R, and Thurlow T. Extensive oral mucosal ulcerations caused by misuse of a commercial mouthwash. Cutis 1999;64:131-134.
  21. Andersen, K. E. Contact allergy to toothpaste flavors. Contact Dermatitis 1978;4(4):195-198. PubMed
  22. Barnard, D. R. Repellency of essential oils to mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). J Med Entomol. 1999;36(5):625-629. PubMed
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Eucalyptus 23 references
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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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