Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Elderberry Liquid for Kids Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by NOW

Elderberry Liquid for Kids label
See full label image
Liquid Category: Botanical With Nutrients
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 30, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Elderberry Liquid for Kids against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Elderberry Liquid for Kids is a dietary supplement by NOW with 3 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for zinc deficiency, immune support, cold symptoms.Based on those ingredients, 187 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Elderberry Fruit Concentrate, Zinc. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Elderberry Liquid for Kids by NOW

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Elderberry Liquid for Kids by NOW — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Elderberry Liquid for Kids by NOW

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Oct 1, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 3 of its 3 active ingredients.
  • “Zinc” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (2.50 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

This liquid contains 3 active ingredients. Xylitol is a sugar substitute that's been shown to help prevent cavities (dental caries) and may help with ear infections (otitis media).

Elderberry fruit concentrate is made from the ripe berries of the elder plant. Zinc, supplied as Albion Zinc Bisglycinate, is a mineral your body needs for immune function and wound healing.

The product also includes inactive ingredients—de-ionized water, glycerin, citric acid, and potassium sorbate—that serve as the liquid base and preservatives.

Does it work?

Not established
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Not established

The graded evidence we hold for these ingredients covers different conditions than the ones this product is marketed for, so there's no established rating for its stated use.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: promote seasonal wellness and immune function.
  • We looked for evidence on: Lower respiratory tract infections, Cold and flu, Respiratory infections, Immune support.
  • The closest evidence on file: Elderberry is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Respiratory tract infections (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Elderberry is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Lower respiratory tract infections.
  • Also on file: Zinc is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Respiratory tract infections.

Xylitol is likely effective for preventing cavities and possibly effective for ear infections (otitis media). It's also been studied for dry mouth and cystic fibrosis, but the evidence isn't established yet.

Zinc is effective for zinc deficiency and likely effective for Wilson disease (a rare copper-storage disorder); it's possibly effective for acne, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetes. For elderberry, the evidence we hold doesn't establish whether it works for hay fever, heart disease, chronic fatigue, lung disease, brain function, or respiratory infections—the ratings are insufficient.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Zinc Xylitol Elderberry

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 3 of the 3 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 3 of 3.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 3 of 3.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Xylitol is generally well tolerated in typical food amounts, though high doses (30–40 grams) can cause gas, bloating, and diarrhea. It's highly toxic to dogs, so keep the product away from pets.

One case of an allergic reaction (including anaphylaxis) in a young child has been reported. Zinc is well tolerated at recommended doses but can cause nausea, diarrhea, metallic taste, and abdominal cramps, especially at higher doses.

High daily doses above 40 mg may raise the risk of copper deficiency over time. Elderberry made from ripe fruit is generally well tolerated, but raw or unripe berries, seeds, and plant parts can be toxic and cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, and dizziness—cooking eliminates these toxins.

One rare case of liver inflammation has been reported after long-term elderberry use in a person with an underlying autoimmune disease.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Zinc Xylitol Elderberry

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 2 of the 3 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Elderberry, Zinc.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: immunosuppressants / transplant drugs.
  • For scale: 187 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before giving this product, double-check with your child's doctor or pharmacist if they take any antibiotics, especially quinolones (like levofloxacin), cephalexin, or tetracyclines; penicillamine; HIV medications like ritonavir or integrase inhibitors; cancer drugs like pazopanib or cisplatin; or immunosuppressants (used after transplant or for autoimmune diseases). Zinc can reduce how well these medications work, and elderberry may interfere with immune-suppressing drugs or increase side effects from pazopanib.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with no established evidence rating for its marketed use. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product may appeal to parents looking for a liquid immune or dental supplement for kids, but it's not appropriate if your child takes antibiotics (including quinolones and tetracyclines), cephalexin, penicillamine, cancer medications like pazopanib or cisplatin, HIV drugs, or immunosuppressants. If your child takes any prescription medications, check with your doctor or pharmacist before starting this product—timing or spacing may be needed to prevent interactions.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 3 of 3 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jun 20, 2024.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Elderberry Liquid for Kids, straight from the product label.

Brand NOW
Barcode (UPC) 733739048516
Net contents 8 Fluid Ounce(s); 237 mL
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Jun 20, 2024
DSLD ID 314300
Product type Botanical With Nutrients
Supplement form Liquid
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Children 4 or More Years of Age, Vegan, Vegetarian, Kosher, Halal, Gluten Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Elderberry Liquid for Kids by NOW, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
10 mL
Maximum serving Sizes:
10 mL
Servings per container
24
UPC/BARCODE
733739048516
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories20 Calorie(s)--
Total Carbohydrates6 Gram(s)2%
Zinc2.5 mg23%
Xylitol3 Gram(s)--
Added Sugars0 Gram(s)--
Total Sugars0 Gram(s)--
Elderberry Fruit Concentrate500 mg--
Albion Zinc Bisglycinate25 mg--

Other ingredients: de-ionized Water, Glycerin, Citric Acid, Potassium Sorbate

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested usage: Shake well before using. For children (age 4 & up) and adults, take 2 teaspoons (10 mL) 1 to 3 times daily.

Precautions

Caution: Do not exceed recommended dosage.

Keep out of reach of children.

Consult physician if pregnant/nursing, taking medication, or have a medical condition.

Contains Xylitol, which is harmful to pets.

Not manufactured with wheat, gluten, soy, milk, egg, fish, shellfish or sesame ingredients. Produced in a GMP facility that processes other ingredients containing these allergens.

Formula

NOW Kids Elderberry Liquid combines elderberry concentrate with zinc to promote seasonal wellness. Elderberry has been used traditionally to maintain health and well-being. Zinc has been added to promote normal immune system function.

Crescent H (Halal)

Elderberry Liquid with Zinc

Triangle K (Kosher)

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

Brand IP Statement(s)

Albion is a trademark of Balchem Corporation or its subsidiaries.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place after opening.

Seals/Symbols

Crescent H (Halal) GMP Quality Assured

Triangle K (Kosher)

Formulation

Immune support Seasonal wellness Tastes great, sugar free, low calorie

Tastes great, sugar free, low calorie

Vegetarian/vegan

Non-GMO

Made and quality tested in the USA with globally sourced ingredients.

Not manufactured with wheat, gluten, soy, milk, egg, fish, shellfish or sesame ingredients.

FDA Statement of Identity

A Dietary Supplement

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Elderberry Liquid for Kids by NOW label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Elderberry Liquid for Kids label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Elderberry Liquid for Kids by NOW

These are the 3 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size10 mL Dosage formLiquid Servings per container24 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Zinc

Interacts with
67 drugs
2.5 mg per serving

Zinc is an essential mineral that your body needs for immune function, wound healing, taste, and smell. Most people get enough from food, but suppleme...

Zinc monograph & interactions

Xylitol

No known
interactions
3 Gram(s) per serving

Xylitol is a sugar alcohol used as a low-calorie sweetener that has the best-supported benefit for reducing cavities, especially in chewing gum or loz...

Xylitol monograph & interactions

Elderberry Fruit Concentrate

Interacts with
121 drugs
500 mg per serving Form: Sambucus nigra Fruit Concentrate

Elderberry is a popular herbal supplement, mainly taken to help with colds and flu. Some small studies suggest it may modestly shorten cold or flu sym...

Elderberry Fruit Concentrate monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: De-ionized Water, Glycerin, Citric Acid, Potassium Sorbate. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Elderberry Liquid for Kids by NOW Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Elderberry Liquid for Kids?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
187Drugs
183 Moderate 4 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Elderberry Fruit Concentrate 121
Zinc 67

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Elderberry Liquid for Kids interact with 187 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

2 of the 3 ingredients in Elderberry Liquid for Kids interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Elderberry Fruit Concentrate Zinc

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Elderberry Liquid for Kids with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Elderberry Fruit Concentrate2 drug types · 121 drugs

Immunosuppressants

Theoretically, elderberry might interfere with immunosuppressant therapy due to its immunostimulant activity.
Elderberry has immunostimulant activity, increasing the production of cytokines, including interleukin and tumor necrosis factor.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Pazopanib (Votrient)

Theoretically, elderberry might interact with pazopanib, potentially increasing the risk of adverse effects.
In one case, a 65-year-old patient taking pazopanib for 4 weeks for soft-tissue sarcoma developed severe nausea, loose stools, and elevated alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase levels and was diagnosed with grade 3 liver injury. The patient reported taking elderberry supplements for 2 years, dose unspecified, and was also taking a multivitamin and a calcium supplement. The patient's symptoms and liver enzyme levels improved upon discontinuation of pazopanib and all supplements. Pazopanib treatment was re-initiated, at a lower dose, with no further evidence of liver injury. It was unclear in this case report if the elderberry supplements were derived from the berry, the flower, or the combination.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Elderberry Fruit Concentrate full monograph & interactions

Zinc10 drug types · 67 drugs

Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (Biktarvy)

Theoretically, zinc might decrease levels of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide by reducing its absorption.
Advise patients that bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide should be taken at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after zinc containing products.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Cephalexin (Keflex)

Zinc might decrease cephalexin levels by chelating with cephalexin in the gut and preventing its absorption.
A pharmacokinetic study shows that zinc sulfate 250 mg taken concomitantly with cephalexin 500 mg decreases peak levels of cephalexin by 31% and reduces the exposure to cephalexin by 27%. Also, taking zinc sulfate 3 hours before cephalexin decreases peak levels of cephalexin by 11% and reduces the exposure to cephalexin by 18%. By decreasing cephalexin levels, zinc might increase the risk of treatment failure. This effect does not occur when zinc is taken 3 hours after the cephalexin dose. To avoid an interaction, advise patients take zinc sulfate 3 hours after taking cephalexin.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Cisplatin (Platinol-Aq)

Theoretically, zinc might interfere with the therapeutic effects of cisplatin.
Animal research suggests that zinc stimulates tumor cell production of the protein metallothionein, which binds and inactivates cisplatin. It is not known whether zinc supplements or high dietary zinc intake can cause clinically significant interference with cisplatin therapy. Cisplatin might also increase zinc excretion.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Integrase Inhibitors

Theoretically, taking zinc along with integrase inhibitors might decrease the levels and clinical effects of these drugs.
Zinc is a divalent cation. Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that other divalent cations such as calcium and iron can decrease blood levels of the integrase inhibitor dolutegravir through chelation.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Penicillamine (Cuprimine, Depen)

Zinc might reduce the levels and clinical effects of penicillamine.
By forming an insoluble complex with penicillamine, zinc interferes with penicillamine absorption and activity. Zinc supplements reduce the efficacy of low-dose penicillamine (0.5-1 gram/day), but do not seem to affect higher doses (1-2.75 gram/day), provided dosing times are separated. Advise patients to take zinc and penicillamine at least 2 hours apart.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Quinolone Antibiotics

Zinc can decrease the levels and clinical effects of quinolones antibiotics.
Quinolones form complexes with zinc in the gastrointestinal tract, reducing absorption of both the quinolone and zinc if taken at the same time. Advise patients to take these drugs at least 2 hours before, or 4-6 hours after, zinc supplements.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Ritonavir (Norvir)

Zinc modestly reduces levels of ritonavir.
Clinical research shows that zinc might reduce serum ritonavir levels by chelating with ritonavir in the gut and preventing its absorption. In patients with HIV, ritonavir is taken with atazanavir to prevent the metabolism and increase the effects of atazanavir. A pharmacokinetic study shows that, in patients being treated with atazanavir/ritonavir, co-administration of zinc sulfate (Solvazinc tablets) 125 mg as a single dose or as multiple daily doses for 2 weeks reduces plasma levels of ritonavir by about 16%. However, atazanavir levels still remains high enough to prevent HIV virus replication. Therefore, the decrease in ritonavir levels is not likely to be clinically significant.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Tetracycline Antibiotics

Zinc might reduce levels of tetracycline antibiotics.
Tetracyclines form complexes with zinc in the gastrointestinal tract, which can reduce absorption of both the tetracycline and zinc when taken at the same time. Taking zinc sulfate 200 mg with tetracycline reduces absorption of the antibiotic by 30% to 40%. Demeclocycline and minocycline cause a similar interaction. However, doxycycline does not seem to interact significantly with zinc. Advise patients to take tetracyclines at least 2 hours before, or 4-6 hours after, zinc supplements to avoid any interactions.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Amiloride (Midamor)

Amiloride can modestly reduce zinc excretion and increase zinc levels.
Clinical research shows that amiloride can reduce urinary zinc excretion, especially at doses of 10 mg per day or more. This zinc-sparing effect can help to counteract zinc losses caused by thiazide diuretics, but it is unlikely to cause zinc toxicity at usual amiloride doses. The other potassium-sparing diuretics, spironolactone (Aldactone) and triamterene (Dyrenium), do not seem to have a zinc-sparing effect.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Atazanavir (Reyataz)

Zinc modestly reduces levels of atazanavir, although this effect does not seem to be clinically significant.
Clinical research shows that zinc might decrease serum atazanavir levels by chelating with atazanavir in the gut and preventing its absorption. Although a single dose of zinc sulfate (Solvazinc tablets) 125 mg orally does not affect atazanavir concentrations in patients being treated with atazanavir/ritonavir, co-administration of zinc sulfate 125 mg daily for 2 weeks reduces plasma levels of atazanavir by about 22% in these patients. However, despite this decrease, atazanavir levels still remain at high enough concentrations for the prevention of HIV virus replication.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Zinc full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Elderberry Liquid for Kids, from the product label.

NOW

See all NOW products
Name
NOW FOODS
Street Address
395 S. Glen Ellyn Rd.
City
Bloomingdale
State
IL
ZipCode
60108
Web Address
nowfoods.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Elderberry Liquid for Kids by NOW: Common Questions

Does Elderberry Liquid for Kids by NOW interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Elderberry Liquid for Kids has a known interaction with 187 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Elderberry Liquid for Kids contains 3 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is this safe for my child if they're on an antibiotic?
Not without checking first. Zinc in this product can form complexes with several antibiotics—including penicillins, tetracyclines, and quinolones—and prevent your child's body from absorbing the antibiotic properly. Talk to your child's doctor or pharmacist about the specific antibiotic; they may suggest spacing the doses apart.
What's xylitol, and is it safe for kids?
Xylitol is a sugar substitute and is well tolerated in the amounts found in foods and supplements. At very high doses (30–40 grams), it can cause gas and diarrhea. Important: xylitol is extremely poisonous to dogs, so keep this product away from pets.
Does elderberry actually help prevent colds?
The evidence we have doesn't establish whether elderberry works for respiratory infections. We hold insufficient data on that claim, so we can't say it will or won't help.
Can I give this to my child if they have a weakened immune system or take immunosuppressant medications?
No—not without talking to their doctor first. Elderberry is known to boost immune activity, which may interfere with immunosuppressant drugs (used after transplants or for some autoimmune conditions). Check with their healthcare provider before starting.
What's the zinc in this for?
Zinc supports your child's immune function and wound healing. It's effective for zinc deficiency and likely effective for Wilson disease, and it's possibly effective for acne and age-related eye disease, though the product isn't marketed for those uses.
Is this safe during pregnancy or while breastfeeding?
The safety data advises against elderberry supplements during pregnancy and breastfeeding because there isn't enough reliable information to know if it's safe. Zinc is likely safe at recommended amounts during pregnancy and lactation. If you're pregnant or breastfeeding, talk with your doctor or pharmacist before using this product.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Elderberry Liquid for Kids label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Elderberry Liquid for Kids’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Zinc

Interacts with 67 drugs

Zinc is an essential mineral that your body needs for immune function, wound healing, taste, and smell. Most people get enough from food, but supplements can help correct or prevent a defici...

Read the full Zinc monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Xylitol

Xylitol is a sugar alcohol used as a low-calorie sweetener that has the best-supported benefit for reducing cavities, especially in chewing gum or lozenges. It is generally safe for people i...

Read the full Xylitol monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Elderberry

Interacts with 121 drugs

Elderberry is a popular herbal supplement, mainly taken to help with colds and flu. Some small studies suggest it may modestly shorten cold or flu symptoms, but the evidence is limited and n...

Read the full Elderberry monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Elderberry Liquid for Kids's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 101 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Zinc 88 references
  1. Barceloux DG. Zinc. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1999;37:279-92.
  2. Eby GA, Davis DR, Halcomb WW. Reduction in duration of common colds by zinc gluconate lozenges in a double-blind study. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1984;25:20-4. DOI
  3. Smith DS, Helzner EC, Nuttall CE Jr, et al. Failure of zinc gluconate in treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1989;33:646-8. PubMed
  4. Blondeau JM. Expanded activity and utility of the new fluoroquinolones: a review. Clin Ther 1999;21:3-40. PubMed
  5. Reyes AJ, Olhaberry JV, Leary WP, et al. Urinary zinc excretion, diuretics, zinc deficiency and some side-effects of diuretics. S Afr Med J 1983;64:936-41.
  6. Kugelmas M. Preliminary observation: oral zinc sulfate replacement is effective in treating muscle cramps in cirrhotic patients. J Am Coll Nutr 2000;19:13-5. PubMed
  7. Hebel SK, ed. Drug Facts and Comparisons. 52nd ed. St. Louis: Facts and Comparisons, 1998.
  8. Chan S, Gerson B, Subramaniam S. The role of copper, molybdenum, selenium, and zinc in nutrition and health. Clin Lab Med 1998;18:673-85. DOI
  9. Brewer GJ, Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan V, Johnson V, et al. Treatment of Wilson's disease with zinc: XI. Interaction with other anticopper agents. J Am Coll Nutr 1993;12:26-30. PubMed
  10. Fosmire GJ. Zinc toxicity. Am J Clin Nutr 1990;51:225-7.
  11. Lomaestro BM, Bailie GR. Absorption interactions with fluoroquinolones. 1995 update. Drug Saf 1995;12:314-33. PubMed
  12. Hansten PD, Horn JR. Drug Interactions Analysis and Management. Vancouver, WA: Applied Therapeutics Inc., 1997 and updates.
  13. Seelig MS. Auto-immune complications of D-penicillamine - A possible result of zinc and magnesium depletion and of pyridoxine inactivation. J Am Coll Nutr 1982;1:207-14. PubMed
  14. Neuvonen PJ. Interactions with the absorption of tetracyclines. Drugs 1976;11:45-54.. PubMed
  15. Hirt M, Nobel S, Barron E. Zinc nasal gel for the treatment of common cold symptoms: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ear Nose Throat J 2000;79:778-82.. DOI
  16. Simkin PA. Oral zinc sulphate in rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet 1976;2:539-42. PubMed
  17. Wray D. A double-blind trial of systemic zinc sulfate in recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1982;53:469-72. PubMed
  18. Douglas RM, Miles HB, Moore BW, et al. Failure of effervescent zinc acetate lozenges to alter the course of upper respiratory tract infections in Australian adults. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1987;31:1263-5. PubMed
  19. Lagiou P, Wuu J, Trichopoulou A, et al. Diet and benign prostatic hyperplasia: a study in Greece. Urology 1999;54:284-90. PubMed
  20. Ewing CI, Gibbs AC, Ashcroft C, David TJ. Failure of oral zinc supplementation in atopic eczema. Eur J Clin Nutr 1991;45:507-10.
  21. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2002.
  22. Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group. A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and zinc for age-related macular degeneration and vision loss. AREDS report no. 8. Arch Oph
  23. Greenberg JE, Lynn M, Kirsner RS, et al. Mucocutaneous pigmented macule as a result of zinc deposition. J Cutan Pathol 2002;29:613-5. PubMed
  24. Godfrey HR, Godfrey NJ, Godfrey JC, Riley D. A randomized clinical trial on the treatment of oral herpes with topical zinc oxide/glycine. Altern Ther Health Med 2001;7:49-56.
  25. Turner RB. Ineffectiveness of intranasal zinc gluconate for prevention of experimental rhinovirus colds. Clin Infect Dis 2001;33:1865-70. PubMed
  26. Belongia EA, Berg R, Liu K. A randomized trial of zinc nasal spray for the treatment of upper respiratory illness in adults. Am J Med 2001;111:103-8. PubMed
  27. Mossad SB. Effect of zincum gluconicum nasal gel on the duration and symptom severity of the common cold in otherwise healthy adults. QJM 2003;96:35-43. DOI
  28. Leitzmann MF, Stampfer MJ, Wu K, et al. Zinc supplement use and risk of prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2003;95:1004-7.. PubMed
  29. Jafek BW, Linschoten M, Murrow BW. Zicam Induced Anosmia. American Rhinologic Society 49th Annual Fall Scientific Meeting abstract. Orlando, Florida. September 20, 2003. http://app.american-rhinologic.org/programs/2003ARSFallProgram071503.pdf (Accessed 24
  30. Uebayashi H, Hatanaka T, Kanemura F, Tonosaki K. Acute anosmia in the mouse: behavioral discrimination among the four basic taste substances. Physiol Behav 2001;72:291-6.. PubMed
  31. Barrett S. Zicam Marketers Sued. United States District Court Western District of Michigan Southern Division, Filed October 14, 2003, Case No. 4:03CV0146.
  32. Bilici M, Yildirim F, Kandil S, et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of zinc sulfate in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2004;28:181-90.. PubMed
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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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