Enzyme Aid Ingredients & Drug Interactions
by Kirkman
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking Enzyme Aid against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Enzyme Aid is a dietary supplement by Kirkman with 6 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for inflammation and swelling, sinus and nasal congestion, digestion support.Based on those ingredients, 141 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Bromelain. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against Enzyme Aid by Kirkman
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Enzyme Aid by Kirkman — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Enzyme Aid by Kirkman
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Low disclosure
Enzyme Aid is a 6-ingredient capsule blend of enzymes designed to support digestion. The active ingredients are bromelain (derived from pineapple), lactase (breaks down milk sugar), peptidase, acid protease, phytase, and D-galactose.
The capsules also contain hypromellose and water as inactive ingredients.
Does it work?
Strong evidence
In our data, only lactase shows established effectiveness — it's rated effective for lactose intolerance. Bromelain has insufficient evidence for the conditions we have on file (hay fever, burns, cancer, chemotherapy side effects, vein insufficiency, and diabetes).
The effectiveness of acid protease, phytase, peptidase, and D-galactose is not established in the data we hold.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Bromelain is generally well tolerated short-term, but long-term safety evidence is limited. The most common side effects are digestive — diarrhea, flatulence, upset stomach, and headache.
Allergic reactions (including asthma if inhaled) and throat or eye irritation have been reported in rare cases. Acid protease and phytase may cause digestive upset or allergic reactions.
Lactase is generally well tolerated and is rated likely safe in pregnancy, though you should confirm with your doctor. Bromelain should be avoided during pregnancy and breastfeeding — there isn't enough safety data.
For acid protease and phytase, there's insufficient data in pregnancy and breastfeeding; talk with your doctor or pharmacist before using them if you're pregnant or nursing.
Meds to double-check
Moderate interaction found
Before taking Enzyme Aid, double-check if you're on any blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs (anticoagulants or aspirin) — bromelain carries a Moderate risk of increased bleeding. If you take tetracycline antibiotics, there's a theoretical Minor interaction, though human studies haven't confirmed a real problem; still worth mentioning to your doctor or pharmacist.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with strong clinical evidence behind its ingredients' uses. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
Enzyme Aid is worth considering if you have lactose intolerance or want digestive enzyme support, but if you take blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs like warfarin or aspirin, you'll need to check with your doctor or pharmacist first because of bromelain's potential to increase bleeding risk. Pregnant or breastfeeding?
Bromelain is off the table, and you should discuss the other enzymes with your healthcare provider. Run your complete medication list through the checker on this page before you start.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 4 of 6 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Oct 24, 2023.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about Enzyme Aid, straight from the product label.
| Brand | Kirkman |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | 812325025039 |
| Net contents | 180 Capsule(s) |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Oct 24, 2023 |
| DSLD ID | 297032 |
| Product type | Other Combinations |
| Supplement form | Capsule |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other |
| Intended target group(s) | Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free, Dairy Free |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for Enzyme Aid by Kirkman, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Bromelain | 0 NP | -- |
| Lactase | 0 NP | -- |
| Peptidase | 0 NP | -- |
| Acid Protease | 0 NP | -- |
| Phytase | 0 NP | -- |
| Kirkman Proprietary Enzyme Aid Blend | 135 mg | -- |
| D-Galactose | 100 mg | -- |
Other ingredients: Hypromellose, Water
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Storage
Important: Store in a cool dry place and tightly capped.
Precautions
Keep out of the reach of children.
Caution: do not allow the powder in the capsules to get into the eye or contact the skin. Consult your physician if using in the presence of peptic ulcer.
Formulation
Free of: milk, eggs, fish, shellfish, tree nuts, peanuts, wheat or soy
Gluten-free
Seals/Symbols
Ultra Tested cGMP
General Statements
503.694.1600
FDA Statement of Identity
Dietary Supplement
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Suggested use: As a dietary supplement take one capsule with every meal or as directed by a physician.
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
Enzyme Aid by Kirkman label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in Enzyme Aid by Kirkman
These are the 6 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.
Serving size1 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container180 Amounts shown are per serving.
Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.
Kirkman Proprietary Enzyme Aid Blend
- › Bromelain
- › Lactase
- › Peptidase
- › Acid Protease
- › Phytase
D-Galactose
Other (inactive) ingredients: Hypromellose, Water. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
Enzyme Aid by Kirkman Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
Enzyme Aid by Kirkman contains bromelain, which has documented interactions with certain medications.
The most serious concern is with blood thinners and antiplatelet drugs (anticoagulants or aspirin-like medications): bromelain may increase bleeding risk, and there's a case report of minor bruising when combined with naproxen. Bromelain carries a Moderate severity rating for this interaction.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
Bromelain may also theoretically increase levels of tetracycline antibiotics (a Minor interaction), though a study in healthy adults showed no difference in tetracycline blood levels when the two were taken together.
Lactase, acid protease, and phytase in this product have no documented interactions in our data. We could not check peptidase or D-galactose — no interaction monographs are on file for them.
Use the medication checker below to search your exact prescriptions before you start.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against Enzyme Aid?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in Enzyme Aid interact with 141 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
1 of the 6 ingredients in Enzyme Aid interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Bromelain
Diclofenac Sodium, MisoprostolArthrotec 50, Arthrotec 75
How Diclofenac Sodium, Misoprostol interacts with Enzyme Aid — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BromelainAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Bromelain may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Bromelain + Diclofenac Sodium, Misoprostol interactionDiclofenac EpolamineFlector, Licart
How Diclofenac Epolamine interacts with Enzyme Aid — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BromelainAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Bromelain may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Bromelain + Diclofenac Epolamine interactionDicumarolDicumarol
How Dicumarol interacts with Enzyme Aid — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BromelainAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Bromelain may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Bromelain + Dicumarol interactionDiphenhydramine Hydrochloride, Naproxen SodiumAleve PM
How Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride, Naproxen Sodium interacts with Enzyme Aid — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BromelainAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Bromelain may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Bromelain + Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride, Naproxen Sodium interactionDipyridamoleDipyridamole, Persantin, Persantin Injection, Persantin Retard, Persantine
How Dipyridamole interacts with Enzyme Aid — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BromelainAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Bromelain may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Bromelain + Dipyridamole interactionEdoxabanSavaysa
How Edoxaban interacts with Enzyme Aid — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BromelainAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Bromelain may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Bromelain + Edoxaban interactionEffientPrasugrel
How Effient interacts with Enzyme Aid — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BromelainAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Bromelain may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Bromelain + Effient interactionEnoxaparinLovenox
How Enoxaparin interacts with Enzyme Aid — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BromelainAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Bromelain may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Bromelain + Enoxaparin interactionEptifibatideIntegrilin
How Eptifibatide interacts with Enzyme Aid — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BromelainAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Bromelain may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Bromelain + Eptifibatide interactionEsomeprazole, NaproxenVimovo
How Esomeprazole, Naproxen interacts with Enzyme Aid — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BromelainAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Bromelain may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Bromelain + Esomeprazole, Naproxen interactionFamotidine, IbuprofenDuexis
How Famotidine, Ibuprofen interacts with Enzyme Aid — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BromelainAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Bromelain may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Bromelain + Famotidine, Ibuprofen interactionFish Oil TriglyceridesOmegaven
How Fish Oil Triglycerides interacts with Enzyme Aid — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BromelainAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Bromelain may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Bromelain + Fish Oil Triglycerides interactionFondaparinuxArixtra
How Fondaparinux interacts with Enzyme Aid — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BromelainAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Bromelain may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Bromelain + Fondaparinux interactionHeparinHeparin
How Heparin interacts with Enzyme Aid — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BromelainAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Bromelain may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Bromelain + Heparin interactionHydrocodone, IbuprofenVicoprofen
How Hydrocodone, Ibuprofen interacts with Enzyme Aid — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BromelainAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Bromelain may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Bromelain + Hydrocodone, Ibuprofen interactionIbrutinibImbruvica
How Ibrutinib interacts with Enzyme Aid — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BromelainAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Bromelain may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Bromelain + Ibrutinib interactionIbuprofenAdvil, Arthrofen, Brufen, Brufen Retard, Calodor, Calprofen +14 more
How Ibuprofen interacts with Enzyme Aid — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BromelainAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Bromelain may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Bromelain + Ibuprofen interactionIbuprofen LysineNeoProfen
How Ibuprofen Lysine interacts with Enzyme Aid — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BromelainAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Bromelain may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Bromelain + Ibuprofen Lysine interactionIbuprofen, AcetaminophenAdvil Dual Action
How Ibuprofen, Acetaminophen interacts with Enzyme Aid — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BromelainAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Bromelain may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Bromelain + Ibuprofen, Acetaminophen interactionIbuprofen, HydrocodoneIbucodone
How Ibuprofen, Hydrocodone interacts with Enzyme Aid — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BromelainAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Bromelain may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Bromelain + Ibuprofen, Hydrocodone interactionIbuprofen, OxycodoneCombunox
How Ibuprofen, Oxycodone interacts with Enzyme Aid — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BromelainAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Bromelain may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Bromelain + Ibuprofen, Oxycodone interactionIbuprofen, PseudoephedrineDristan
How Ibuprofen, Pseudoephedrine interacts with Enzyme Aid — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BromelainAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Bromelain may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Bromelain + Ibuprofen, Pseudoephedrine interactionIcosapent Ethyl (prescription Drug)Vascepa
How Icosapent Ethyl (prescription Drug) interacts with Enzyme Aid — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BromelainAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Bromelain may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Bromelain + Icosapent Ethyl (prescription Drug) interactionIloprostAurlumyn, Ventavis
How Iloprost interacts with Enzyme Aid — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BromelainAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Bromelain may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Bromelain + Iloprost interactionInotersenTegsedi
How Inotersen interacts with Enzyme Aid — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BromelainAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Bromelain may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Bromelain + Inotersen interactionKetoprofenOrudis, Oruvail Gel, Oruvail Injection, Powergel
How Ketoprofen interacts with Enzyme Aid — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BromelainAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Bromelain may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Bromelain + Ketoprofen interactionLepirudinRefludan
How Lepirudin interacts with Enzyme Aid — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BromelainAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Bromelain may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Bromelain + Lepirudin interactionMinocyclineAcnamino MR, Aknemin, Amzeeq, Arestin Miscrosperes, Dynacin, Minocin +6 more
How Minocycline interacts with Enzyme Aid — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BromelainAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Tetracycline Antibiotics Moderate
Interaction Summary
Bromelain may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Bromelain + Minocycline interactionNadroparinFraxiparine
How Nadroparin interacts with Enzyme Aid — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BromelainAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Bromelain may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Bromelain + Nadroparin interactionNaproxenAleve, Anaprox, Anaprox DS, Arthroxen, EC-Naprosyn, Naprelan +7 more
How Naproxen interacts with Enzyme Aid — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
BromelainAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Bromelain may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Bromelain + Naproxen interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in Enzyme Aid with known interactions, here are the types of medications it can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Bromelain
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Bromelain may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
There is one case report of a patient experiencing minor bruising while taking bromelain with naproxen. Bromelain is thought to have antiplatelet activity. Whether this interaction is of concern with topical bromelain is unclear. Interference with coagulation of burn wounds has been reported in a patient receiving bromelain-based enzymatic debridement. However, observational research has found that topical bromelain debridement is not associated with increases or decreases in laboratory markers of coagulation when compared with surgical debridement.
Tetracycline Antibiotics
Theoretically, bromelain might increase levels of tetracycline antibiotics.
Laboratory research suggests that bromelain might increase the absorption of tetracycline antibiotics. However, a study in healthy adults reported no difference in tetracycline plasma levels when a 500 mg dose was taken with or without bromelain 80 mg.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for Enzyme Aid, from the product label.
Kirkman
See all Kirkman products- Name
- Kirkman
- City
- Lake Oswego
- State
- OR
- ZipCode
- 97035
- Phone Number
- (800) 245-8282
- Web Address
- www.kirkmangroup.com
Enzyme Aid by Kirkman: Common Questions
Does Enzyme Aid by Kirkman interact with any medications?
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Where does this information come from?
Will this help if I'm lactose intolerant?
Can I take this while pregnant?
What are the most common side effects?
Is this safe to take long-term?
Can I take this while breastfeeding?
What are the inactive ingredients?
Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
Not sure if Enzyme Aid is safe with your meds?
Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.
Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind Enzyme Aid’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Bromelain
Interacts with 141 drugsBromelain is a group of protein-digesting enzymes from pineapple that people take mainly for inflammation, swelling, and sinus problems. Some early studies are promising, but the overall evi...
Read the full Bromelain monograph → Herb & supplement monographLactase
Lactase is a digestive enzyme supplement that helps people who lack enough natural lactase break down lactose, the sugar in milk and dairy. It can reduce gas, bloating, cramping, and diarrhe...
Read the full Lactase monograph → Herb & supplement monographProteolytic Enzymes (proteases)
Proteolytic enzymes are proteins that help break down other proteins, and common examples include bromelain (from pineapple), papain (from papaya), trypsin, chymotrypsin, and pancreatin. Peo...
Read the full Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) monograph → Herb & supplement monographPhytase
Phytase is an enzyme that breaks down phytic acid (phytate) found in grains, beans, nuts, and seeds, which can free up minerals like iron, zinc, and calcium for absorption. It is widely used...
Read the full Phytase monograph →Sources & How We Checked
Enzyme Aid's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 30 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Bromelain 19 references
- Nettis E, Napoli G, Ferrannini A, Tursi A. IgE-mediated allergy to bromelain. Allergy 2001;56:257-8. PubMed
- Taussig SJ, Batkin S. Bromelain, the enzyme complex of pineapple (Ananas comosus) and its clinical application. An update. J Ethnopharmacol 1988;22:191-203.. PubMed
- Bradbrook ID, Morrison PJ, Rogers HJ. The effect of bromelain on the absorption of orally administered tetracycline. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1978;6:552-4. PubMed
- Bush TM, Rayburn KS, Holloway SW, et al. Adverse interactions between herbal and dietary substances and prescription medications: a clinical survey. Altern Ther Health Med 2007;13:30-5.
- Brien S, Lewith G, Walker AF, et al. Bromelain as an adjunctive treatment for moderate-to-severe osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized placebo-controlled pilot study. QJM 2006;99:841-50. PubMed
- Mori S, Ojima Y, Hirose T, et al. The clinical effect of proteolytic enzyme containing bromelain and trypsin on urinary tract infection evaluated by double blind method. Acta Obstet Gynaecol Jpn 1972;19:147-53.
- Glaser D, Hilberg T. The influence of bromelain on platelet count and platelet activity in vitro. Platelets 2006;17:37-41. PubMed
- Heinicke R M, van der Wal L, Yokoyama M. Effect of bromelain (Ananase) on human platelet aggregation. Experientia 1972;28:844-5. PubMed
- Gailhofer, G., Wilders-Truschnig, M., Smolle, J., and Ludvan, M. Asthma caused by bromelain: an occupational allergy. Clin Allergy 1988;18(5):445-450. PubMed
- Mattei, O., Fabri, G., and Farina, G. [Occupational health experience regarding four cases of asthma due to bromelain (author's transl)]. Medicina del Lavoro 1979;70(5):404-409.
- Galleguillos, F. and Rodriguez, J. C. Asthma caused by bromelin inhalation. Clin Allergy 1978;8(1):21-24. PubMed
- Perez-Camo I, Quirce S, Duran MA, and et al. Latex allergy: evidence of cross-reactivity with papain and bromelain [abstract]. Allergy 1996;51(suppl 31):48.
- Martin GJ, Ehrenreich J, and Asbell N. Bromelain: pineapple proteases with anti-edema activity. Exp Med Surg 1962;20:227-247.
- Kasemsuk T, Saengpetch N, Sibmooh N, Unchern S. Improved WOMAC score following 16-week treatment with bromelain for knee osteoarthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 2016 Oct;35(10):2531-40. PubMed
- Kutlu Ö, DemirbaS A, Elmas ÖF, Güvenç U, Metin A. Fixed drug eruption: a new side effect of bromelain. Contact Dermatitis 2020. Online ahead of print. PubMed
- Shoham Y, Shapira E, Haik J, et al. Bromelain-based enzymatic debridement of chronic wounds: Results of a multicentre randomized controlled trial. Wound Repair Regen 2021;29(6):899-907. PubMed
- Pfister P, Garcia Wendel PD, Kim BS, et al. Coagulation side effects of enzymatic debridement in burned patients. Burns 2022. PubMed
- Hasham S, Riyat H, Fletcher A, O'Boyle CP, Alexander S. To bleed or not to bleed? Case series and discussion of haemorrhage risk with enzymatic debridement in burn injuries. Scars Burn Heal 2023;9:20595131231168333. PubMed
- Leelakanok N, Petchsomrit A, Janurai T, Saechan C, Sunsandee N. Efficacy and safety of bromelain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Health 2023. PubMed
Lactase 1 reference
- Laukkanen A, Ruoppi P, Remes S, Koistinen T, Mäkinen-Kiljunen S. Lactase-induced occupational protein contact dermatitis and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. Contact Dermatitis. 2007;57(2):89-93. PubMed
Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) 3 references
- Weeks JA, Harper RA, Simon RA, Burdick JD. Assessment of sensitization risk of a laundry pre-spotter containing protease. Cutan Ocul Toxicol. 2011;30(4):272-9. PubMed
- Marquès LI, Lara S, Abós T, Bartolomé B. Occupational rhinitis due to pepsin. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2006;16(2):136-7. DOI
- Cartier A, Malo JL, Pineau L, Dolovich J. Occupational asthma due to pepsin. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1984;73(5 Pt 1):574-7. PubMed
See these in context on the Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) monograph →
Phytase 7 references
- Lei XG, Weaver JD, Mullaney E, Ullah AH, Azain MJ. Phytase, a new life for an "old" enzyme. Annu Rev Anim Biosci. 2013;1:283-309. PubMed
- Smuts CM, Matsungo TM, Malan L, et al. Effect of small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements on growth, psychomotor development, iron status, and morbidity among 6- to 12-mo-old infants in South Africa: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2 PubMed
- van Heemst RC, Sander I, Rooyackers J, et al. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis caused by occupational exposure to phytase. Eur Respir J. 2009;33(6):1507-9. PubMed
- Baur X, Melching-Kollmuss S, Koops F, Strassburger K, Zober A. IgE-mediated allergy to phytase -- a new animal feed additive. Allergy. 2002;57(10):943-5. PubMed
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