Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 7 of 19 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

GasEnz Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by ProEnzol

GasEnz label
See full label image
Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 23, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking GasEnz against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

GasEnz is a dietary supplement by ProEnzol with 19 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for water retention (diuretic), digestive upset, liver and gallbladder support.Based on those ingredients, 1,136 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Fennel seed extract, Dandelion Leaf Extract, Caraway seed extract. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against GasEnz by ProEnzol

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with GasEnz by ProEnzol — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of GasEnz by ProEnzol

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 0 of its 19 active ingredients.
  • “Gas-Relieving Herbal Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (350 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.
  • “GasEnz Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (260 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

ProEnzol GasEnz contains 19 ingredients total: multiple digestive enzymes — amylase, protease, lipase, lactase, cellulase, peptidase, invertase, glucoamylase, alpha-galactosidase, xylanase, pectinase, maltase, beta-glucanase, phytase, hemicellulase, and diastase — along with herbal extracts of dandelion leaf, fennel seed, and caraway seed. These enzymes are designed to help break down different types of food components: proteins, fats, carbohydrates, and plant fibers.

Lactase specifically helps digest lactose (milk sugar) in people who have trouble with it. The inactive ingredients are plant fiber and water.

The herbal ingredients add traditional digestive support, though their effectiveness for gas and bloating in humans is not well established in the data we hold.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: relieve occasional gas and bloating.
  • We looked for evidence on: Flatulence, Dyspepsia, Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), Indigestion, Digestive discomfort, Plant fiber digestion — and 1 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Caraway is rated "Possibly Effective" for Dyspepsia (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Lipase is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Dyspepsia.
  • Also on file: Caraway is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Flatulence, Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

For lactose intolerance specifically, lactase is rated Effective — the evidence supports its use for that purpose. For the other conditions the product might address — dyspepsia (indigestion) with caraway, or general digestive support with the other enzymes — the evidence is insufficient or has not been reliably established.

Dandelion leaf, fennel seed, phytase, lipase, and the remaining enzymes lack clear evidence that they work for any of the digestive or other conditions listed in our data.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Dandelion Fennel Caraway Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) Lipase Lactase Phytase

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 7 of the 7 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 7 of 7.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 7 of 7.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Protease is generally well tolerated in most adults but may cause digestive upset or allergic reactions in sensitive people. Lactase is generally well tolerated when used as directed.

Lipase is generally well tolerated but should be used under medical guidance in people with serious digestive conditions. Dandelion leaf is generally well tolerated as food but supplement-strength doses are less studied; rare cases of anaphylaxis in sensitive individuals have been reported, and allergy to dandelion pollen can cause allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, or asthma.

Fennel seed is generally safe as a food, but concentrated supplements carry risk of allergic reactions and rarely seizures. Caraway seed is generally safe in food amounts, but concentrated forms are less studied.

Phytase has limited human supplement data, and occupational exposure to powdered phytase has triggered allergic asthma and hypersensitivity pneumonitis in some workers.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Dandelion Fennel Caraway Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) Lipase Lactase Phytase

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 3 of the 7 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Caraway, Fennel, Dandelion.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; diabetes medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 1,137 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking GasEnz, double-check these medication types with your pharmacist, starting with the most serious: blood thinners (anticoagulants/antiplatelets), drugs metabolized by CYP3A4 or CYP1A2, potassium-sparing diuretics, lithium, diabetes medications, contraceptive drugs, hormone replacement therapy, ciprofloxacin (and other quinolone antibiotics), tamoxifen, CNS depressants, diuretics that deplete potassium, and TB drugs (isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide). No interactions are documented for the enzyme ingredients we could fully check.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product may help with lactose intolerance, but evidence for gas relief is limited. If you take any blood thinners, diabetes drugs, lithium, potassium-sparing diuretics, contraceptives, hormone therapy, ciprofloxacin, TB medications, or CNS depressants, check with your pharmacist before starting — the herbal ingredients interact with many of these.

Pregnant people should avoid the concentrated herbal ingredients. Talk to your pharmacist about your specific medications.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 7 of 19 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Mar 25, 2025.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about GasEnz, straight from the product label.

Brand ProEnzol
Barcode (UPC) 707636120965
Net contents 60 Vegan Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Mar 25, 2025
DSLD ID 322829
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Vegan, Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free, Dairy Free, Sugar Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for GasEnz by ProEnzol, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Vegan Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Vegan Capsule(s)
Servings per container
60
UPC/BARCODE
707636120965
IngredientAmount% DV
Amylase0 NP--
Protease0 NP--
Lipase0 NP--
Lactase0 NP--
Cellulase0 NP--
Peptidase0 NP--
Invertase0 NP--
Glucoamylase0 NP--
Alpha-Galactosidase0 NP--
Xylanase0 NP--
Pectinase0 NP--
Maltase0 NP--
Beta-Glucanase0 NP--
Phytase0 NP--
Hemicellulase0 NP--
Diastase0 NP--
Dandelion Leaf Extract0 NP--
Fennel seed extract0 NP--
Caraway seed extract0 NP--
Gas-Relieving Herbal Blend350 mg--
GasEnz Blend260 mg--

Other ingredients: Plant Fiber, Water

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formula

ProEnzol GasEnz provides a blend of non-animal derived enzymes plus gas-relieving herbal extracts to assist in breaking down difficult-to-digest plant fiber and raffinose, helping to relieve occasional gas and bloating associated with the consumption of legumes (beans), whole grains, cruciferous vegetables and other gas-forming foods

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Directions: take one (1) capsule at the beginning of any meal containing gas-forming foods, or as directed by your healthcare professional. More may be taken as needed to ease stomach discomfort.

Precautions

Caution: if you are pregnant, nursing, have a serious medical condition, or take any medications, consult your healthcare professional before use.

Use only if tamper-evident seal is unbroken.

Keep out of reach of children.

Exclusively for professionals

Storage

Store tightly closed in a cool, dry place.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, mitigate, cure, or prevent any disease.

Formulation

Helps ease stomach discomfort caused by gas-forming foods

Contains no: sugar, soy, wheat, yeast, gluten, peanuts, tree nuts, eggs, dairy, animal products, artificial colors, flavors and sweeteners or genetically modified organisms (GMOs).

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

GasEnz by ProEnzol label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

GasEnz label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in GasEnz by ProEnzol

These are the 19 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Vegan Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container60 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Gas-Relieving Herbal Blend

350 mg per serving

GasEnz Blend

260 mg per serving
  • › Amylase
  • › Protease
  • › Lipase
  • › Lactase
  • › Cellulase
  • › Peptidase
  • › Invertase
  • › Glucoamylase
  • › Alpha-Galactosidase
  • › Xylanase
  • › Pectinase
  • › Maltase
  • › Beta-Glucanase
  • › Phytase
  • › Hemicellulase
  • › Diastase

Other (inactive) ingredients: Plant Fiber, Water. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

GasEnz by ProEnzol Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against GasEnz?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
1,136Drugs
1,132 Moderate 4 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Fennel seed extract 740
Dandelion Leaf Extract 457
Caraway seed extract 413

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in GasEnz interact with 1,136 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

3 of the 19 ingredients in GasEnz interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Fennel seed extract Dandelion Leaf Extract Caraway seed extract

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in GasEnz with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Fennel seed extract6 drug types · 740 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, fennel might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.

Animal research suggests that fennel oil has antithrombotic and antiplatelet effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)

Theoretically, fennel might decrease the levels and clinical effects of ciprofloxacin.

Animal research shows that fennel reduces ciprofloxacin bioavailability by nearly 50%, possibly due to the metal cations such as calcium, iron, and magnesium contained in fennel. This study also found that fennel increased tissue distribution and slowed elimination of ciprofloxacin.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Contraceptive Drugs

Theoretically, taking large amounts of fennel might decrease the effects of contraceptive drugs due to competition for estrogen receptors.

Some constituents of fennel have estrogenic activity.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.

In vitro research suggests that fennel inhibits CYP3A4 enzyme activity. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Estrogens

Theoretically, taking large amounts of fennel might interfere with hormone replacement therapy due to competition for estrogen receptors.

Some constituents of fennel have estrogenic activity.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tamoxifen (Nolvadex)

Theoretically, taking large amounts of fennel might decrease the antiestrogenic effect of tamoxifen.

Some constituents of fennel have estrogenic activity, which may interfere with the antiestrogenic activity of tamoxifen.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Fennel seed extract full monograph & interactions

Dandelion Leaf Extract7 drug types · 457 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, taking dandelion root along with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.
In vitro research suggests that dandelion root inhibits platelet aggregation.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, dandelion might increase the risk for hypoglycemia when used with antidiabetes drugs.
Laboratory research suggests that dandelion extract may have moderate alpha-glucosidase inhibitor activity and might also increase insulin secretion. Also, in a case report, a 58-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes who was being treated with insulin developed hypoglycemia 2 weeks after beginning to eat salads containing dandelion.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, dandelion might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Laboratory research suggests that dandelion might inhibit CYP1A2. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans. However, until more is known, watch for an increase in the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2 in patients taking dandelion.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Glucuronidated Drugs

Theoretically, dandelion might increase the clearance of drugs that are UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates.
There is some preliminary evidence that dandelion might induce UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, a phase II enzyme.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Lithium

Theoretically, through diuretic effects, dandelion might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium.
Animal research suggests that dandelion has diuretic properties. As diuretics can increase serum lithium levels, the dose of lithium might need to be decreased when taken with dandelion.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

Theoretically, dandelion might increase the risk of hyperkalemia when taken with potassium-sparing diuretics.
Dandelion contains significant amounts of potassium.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Quinolone Antibiotics

Theoretically, dandelion might lower fluoroquinolone levels.
Animal research shows that dandelion reduces absorption of ciprofloxacin and can lower levels by 73%. However, this effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Dandelion Leaf Extract full monograph & interactions

Caraway seed extract7 drug types · 413 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, caraway might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when used with antidiabetes drugs.
Animal research suggests that caraway can reduce blood glucose levels. Monitor blood glucose levels closely. Medication dose adjustments may be necessary.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cns Depressants

Theoretically, caraway might increase the effects and adverse effects of CNS depressants.
Animal research suggests that (S)-(+)-carvone, a major constituent of caraway seed extract, has sedative effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Diuretic Drugs

Theoretically, caraway might increase the risk of hypokalemia when used with diuretics that deplete potassium.
Animal research suggests that a single dose of caraway fruit extract can promote diuresis and increase the urinary excretion of sodium and potassium. However, sub-chronic use of caraway fruit extract does not seem to significantly increase potassium excretion, although urine output continues to be increased for up to 6 days.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Lithium

Theoretically, caraway might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium due to diuretic effects.
Animal research suggests that caraway fruit extract has diuretic properties.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Isoniazid

Theoretically, caraway might increase the effects and adverse effects of isoniazid.
Animal research suggests that a specific fraction of caraway seed extract (CC-1a) can increase plasma levels of isoniazid when administered concomitantly. This interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Pyrazinamide

Theoretically, caraway might increase the effects and adverse effects of pyrazinamide.
Animal research suggests that a specific fraction of caraway seed extract (CC-1a) can increase plasma levels of pyrazinamide when administered concomitantly. This interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Rifampin (Rifadin)

Theoretically, caraway might increase the effects and adverse effects of rifampin.
Animal research suggests that a specific fraction of caraway seed extract (CC-1a) can increase plasma levels of rifampin when administered concomitantly. This interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Caraway seed extract full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for GasEnz, from the product label.

ProEnzol

See all ProEnzol products
Name
Enzymes Inc.
City
Kansas City
State
MO
ZipCode
64153
Phone Number
1-800-637-7893
Web Address
www.proenzol.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

GasEnz by ProEnzol: Common Questions

Does GasEnz by ProEnzol interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, GasEnz has a known interaction with 1,136 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
GasEnz contains 19 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Does this product have enzymes to help break down all types of food?
Yes — it includes enzymes to break down proteins (protease), fats (lipase), carbohydrates and starches (amylase, glucoamylase, diastase), sugars (lactase, maltase, invertase), plant fiber (cellulase, hemicellulase, pectinase, xylanase), and other food components. That broad range is why it's called a multi-enzyme digestive aid.
I'm lactose intolerant. Will lactase in this product help?
Yes — lactase is rated Effective for lactose intolerance, so it should help you digest milk sugar. For other types of digestive discomfort, the evidence is less clear.
What should I watch for if I take this product?
The most common side effects from the herbal ingredients are digestive upset (heartburn, diarrhea, stomach discomfort) and allergic reactions in sensitive people. Very rarely, fennel has been reported to cause seizures. If you notice any unusual symptoms, stop taking it and talk to your pharmacist.
Is it safe to take during pregnancy?
The enzyme ingredients have limited pregnancy safety data, so check with your doctor first. Caraway and fennel are concentrated herbal forms and should be avoided during pregnancy. Lactase is rated Likely Safe. For the others, there isn't enough data to know either way — talk with your doctor for personalized advice.
Can I take this while breastfeeding?
Lactase has limited safety data but likely poses low risk. The other herbal ingredients (dandelion, fennel, caraway) have not been well studied during breastfeeding — ask your doctor or pharmacist first before taking them.
Does this product contain any fillers?
Yes — the inactive ingredients listed are plant fiber and water, which are excipients used in the capsule.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

GasEnz label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind GasEnz’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Dandelion

Interacts with 457 drugs

Dandelion is a common plant used in food and traditional medicine, often promoted as a natural 'water pill' and digestive aid. Human evidence for these uses is very limited, so its benefits...

Read the full Dandelion monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Fennel

Interacts with 740 drugs

Fennel is a Mediterranean herb widely used as a food and spice, and traditionally taken for digestive complaints, colic, and menstrual cramps. Some small studies suggest possible benefit for...

Read the full Fennel monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Caraway

Interacts with 413 drugs

Caraway is a common cooking spice that has long been used to ease gas, bloating, and indigestion. Some evidence suggests caraway oil—often combined with peppermint oil—may help with indigest...

Read the full Caraway monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases)

Proteolytic enzymes are proteins that help break down other proteins, and common examples include bromelain (from pineapple), papain (from papaya), trypsin, chymotrypsin, and pancreatin. Peo...

Read the full Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Lipase

Lipase is a digestive enzyme that helps your body break down dietary fats. It is well established as part of prescription pancreatic enzyme therapy for people who cannot make enough of their...

Read the full Lipase monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Lactase

Lactase is a digestive enzyme supplement that helps people who lack enough natural lactase break down lactose, the sugar in milk and dairy. It can reduce gas, bloating, cramping, and diarrhe...

Read the full Lactase monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Phytase

Phytase is an enzyme that breaks down phytic acid (phytate) found in grains, beans, nuts, and seeds, which can free up minerals like iron, zinc, and calcium for absorption. It is widely used...

Read the full Phytase monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

GasEnz's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 67 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) 3 references
  1. Weeks JA, Harper RA, Simon RA, Burdick JD. Assessment of sensitization risk of a laundry pre-spotter containing protease. Cutan Ocul Toxicol. 2011;30(4):272-9. PubMed
  2. Marquès LI, Lara S, Abós T, Bartolomé B. Occupational rhinitis due to pepsin. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2006;16(2):136-7. DOI
  3. Cartier A, Malo JL, Pineau L, Dolovich J. Occupational asthma due to pepsin. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1984;73(5 Pt 1):574-7. PubMed

See these in context on the Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) monograph →

Lipase 1 reference
  1. Casper C, Hascoet JM, Ertl T, et al. Recombinant bile salt-stimulated lipase in preterm infant feeding: A randomized phase 3 study. PLoS One. 2016;11(5):e0156071. PubMed

See these in context on the Lipase monograph →

Lactase 1 reference
  1. Laukkanen A, Ruoppi P, Remes S, Koistinen T, Mäkinen-Kiljunen S. Lactase-induced occupational protein contact dermatitis and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. Contact Dermatitis. 2007;57(2):89-93. PubMed

See these in context on the Lactase monograph →

Phytase 7 references
  1. Lei XG, Weaver JD, Mullaney E, Ullah AH, Azain MJ. Phytase, a new life for an "old" enzyme. Annu Rev Anim Biosci. 2013;1:283-309. PubMed
  2. Smuts CM, Matsungo TM, Malan L, et al. Effect of small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements on growth, psychomotor development, iron status, and morbidity among 6- to 12-mo-old infants in South Africa: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2 PubMed
  3. van Heemst RC, Sander I, Rooyackers J, et al. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis caused by occupational exposure to phytase. Eur Respir J. 2009;33(6):1507-9. PubMed
  4. Baur X, Melching-Kollmuss S, Koops F, Strassburger K, Zober A. IgE-mediated allergy to phytase -- a new animal feed additive. Allergy. 2002;57(10):943-5. PubMed
  5. Doekes G, Kamminga N, Helwegen L, Heederik D. Occupational IgE sensitisation to phytase, a phosphatase derived from Aspergillus niger. Occup Environ Med. 1999;56(7):454-9. PubMed
  6. Brnic M, Hurrell RF, Songré-Ouattara LT, et al. Effect of phytase on zinc absorption from a millet-based porridge fed to young Burkinabe children. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2017;71(1):137-141. PubMed
  7. Koshy JC, Sharabi SE, Feldman EM, Hollier LH Jr, Patrinely JR, Soparkar CN. Effect of dietary zinc and phytase supplementation on botulinum toxin treatments. J Drugs Dermatol. 2012;11(4):507-12.

See these in context on the Phytase monograph →

Dandelion 27 references
  1. Maliakal PP, Wanwimolruk S. Effect of herbal teas on hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2001;53:1323-9. PubMed
  2. Williams CA, Goldstone F, Greenham J. Flavonoids, cinnamic acids and coumarins from the different tissues and medicinal preparations of Taraxacum officinale. Phytochemistry 1996;42:121-7. PubMed
  3. Hussain Z, Waheed A, Qureshi RA, et al. The effect of medicinal plants of Islamabad and Murree region of Pakistan on insulin secretion from INS-1 cells. Phytother Res 2004;18:73-7. PubMed
  4. Racz-Kotilla E, Racz G, Solomon A. The action of Taraxacum officinale extracts on the body weight and diuresis of laboratory animals. Planta Med 1974;26:212-7. PubMed
  5. Zhu M, Wong PY, Li RC. Effects of taraxacum mongolicum on the bioavailability and disposition of ciprofloxacin in rats. J Pharm Sci 1999;88:632-4. PubMed
  6. Jovanovic M, Mimica-Dukic N, Poljacki M, Boza P. Erythema multiforme due to contact with weeds: a recurrence after patch testing. Contact Dermatitis 2003;48:17-25. PubMed
  7. Chivato T, Juan F, Montoro A, Laguna R. Anaphylaxis induced by ingestion of a pollen compound. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 1996;6:208-9.
  8. Cohen SH, Yunginger JW, Rosenberg N, Fink JN. Acute allergic reaction after composite pollen ingestion. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1979;64:270-4. PubMed
  9. Lovell CR, Rowan M. Dandelion dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 1991;25:185-8. PubMed
  10. Agarwal SC, Crook JR, Pepper CB. Herbal remedies -- how safe are they? A case report of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation induced by herbal medication used for obesity. Int J Cardiol 2006;106:260-1. PubMed
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Fennel 17 references
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Caraway 11 references
  1. Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 182 -- Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182
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See these in context on the Caraway monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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