Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Based on 2 of 3 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Hair Growth Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Nature's Bounty Optimal Solutions

Hair Growth label
See full label image
Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Major
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Hair Growth against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

Hair Growth is a dietary supplement by Nature's Bounty Optimal Solutions with 3 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for hair growth and thinning hair, brittle nails, skin health.Based on those ingredients, 295 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Magnesium Biotinate. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Hair Growth by Nature's Bounty Optimal Solutions

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Hair Growth by Nature's Bounty Optimal Solutions — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Hair Growth by Nature's Bounty Optimal Solutions

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Partial disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Partial

Most active ingredients list an amount, but at least one is hidden in a blend or missing.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 2 of its 3 active ingredients.
  • “Arginine Silicate Inositol” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label doesn't break down how much of each component you get.
  • “Advanced Hair Complex” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (160 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

This product contains 3 active ingredients. Silicon may support bone and dental health, though evidence for its role in hair growth is insufficient.

Biotin (vitamin B7) is established as effective for biotin deficiency and is commonly used in hair supplements, though the evidence for hair loss itself is limited. Magnesium, delivered here as Magnesium Biotinate, is a mineral that supports muscle and bone function.

The product also contains inactive ingredients — cellulose, stearic acid, magnesium stearate, and silica — which are typical capsule fillers and binders.

Does it work?

Strong evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Strong

Clinical evidence supports at least one of this product's ingredients for its stated purpose.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: grow thicker fuller hair.
  • We looked for evidence on: Androgenic alopecia, Alopecia areata, Biotin deficiency, Brittle nails, Hair thinning, Hair density — and 1 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Biotin is rated "Likely Effective" for Biotin deficiency (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Biotin is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Alopecia areata, Brittle nails.
  • Also on file: Silicon is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Androgenic alopecia.

The evidence for this product's hair-growth claim is mixed. Silicon shows only insufficient evidence for androgenic alopecia (male and female pattern hair loss).

Biotin is effective for actual biotin deficiency but shows insufficient evidence for alopecia areata (another hair-loss type) and is possibly ineffective for other scalp conditions. Magnesium's effectiveness ratings in our data relate to digestive health and mineral deficiency, not hair growth.

Overall, the evidence that these ingredients restore hair growth is not established in the data we hold.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Biotin Magnesium

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 3 of the 3 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 3 of 3.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 3 of 3.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Silicon is generally well tolerated in food and supplement amounts, but long-term safety at high doses hasn't been well studied. It's advised against in pregnancy and breastfeeding due to insufficient safety data.

Biotin is generally safe, even at fairly high doses, because excess is excreted in urine — high-dose biotin rarely caused mild diarrhea in trials. It's likely safe in pregnancy and breastfeeding at dietary and normal supplement amounts, but check with your doctor about high-dose products.

Magnesium is generally well tolerated and likely safe in pregnancy and breastfeeding at appropriate amounts. Most common side effects from oral magnesium are diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and gastrointestinal irritation.

Rarely, very high doses have caused weak muscles or other serious effects.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Biotin Magnesium

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 1 of the 3 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Magnesium.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; diabetes medications; heart-rhythm medications; Parkinson's medications.
  • For scale: 295 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before starting this product, check with your pharmacist if you take levodopa/carbidopa (Sinemet) — a Parkinson's drug — because magnesium significantly reduces its absorption. Also double-check if you use skeletal muscle relaxants, potassium-sparing diuretics, calcium channel blockers, antacids, sulfonylureas, quinolone antibiotics, or bisphosphonates, as magnesium can alter how these work.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glancePartially disclosed formula with clinical evidence supporting its stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

If you're looking for a hair-growth supplement with established science, the evidence here is limited — silicon and biotin lack strong proof for hair loss. If you take levodopa/carbidopa for Parkinson's, a blood-pressure medication, diabetes drugs, antibiotics, or bone medications, run this past your pharmacist first — magnesium can interfere with several of those.

Otherwise, it's generally well tolerated, but talk to your pharmacist or doctor if you're pregnant or breastfeeding.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 3 of 3 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jun 25, 2025.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Hair Growth, straight from the product label.

Brand Nature's Bounty Optimal Solutions
Net contents 30 Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Jun 25, 2025
DSLD ID 336100
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free, Dairy Free, Sugar Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Hair Growth by Nature's Bounty Optimal Solutions, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Capsule(s)
Servings per container
30
IngredientAmount% DV
Silicon10 mg--
Arginine Silicate Inositol0 NP--
Biotin10000 mcg33333%
Advanced Hair Complex160 mg--
Magnesium Biotinate0 NP--

Other ingredients: Cellulose, Stearic Acid, Magnesium Stearate, Silica

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formula

Advanced Hair Complex

Nature's Bounty Optimal Solutions Hair Growth capsules have an Advanced Hair Complex that works by delivering a matrix of 3 vital nutrients to the hair follicles, providing structural support for existing hair growth, increased thickness and healthier, fuller looking hair. Biotin a B vitamin essential to hair protein synthesis Arginine an amino acid in keratin Silicon a mineral found in healthy hair, nails, and skin

Formulation

Clinically shown to help grow thicker, fuller hair in 12 weeks As we age, more hair follicles can switch from growing normal hair to growing thinner, shorter peach fuzz, making hair appear less thick, full and healthy.

Clinically shown to help grow thicker, fuller hair

Suitable for vegetarians

Non-GMO Gluten free

Guaranteed quality Laboratory tested Made in the USA with select ingredients from around the world

Non-GMO, no artificial color, flavor or sweetener, no sugar, no milk, no lactose, no soy, no gluten, no wheat, no fish. Sodium free.

General Statements

#1 brand for hair, skin & nails Source: IRI Total US - Multi Outlet: Latest 52 weeks ending 04/02/23.

At Nature's Bounty, we believe health and beauty go hand in hand. With 50 years of making quality vitamins and more than 20 years in the beauty business, you can trust that every Nature's Bounty product is backed by science and made with the purest ingredients...guaranteed.

Nutrition questions or comments? Call 1-800-433-2990 Mon.-Sat. 9 AM-7 PM ET Sign up for news and offers at NaturesBounty.com

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

One per day

Directions: For adults, take one (1) capsule daily, preferably with a meal. Optimal results seen with continued use.

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Brand IP Statement(s)

Nature's Bounty Beauty Starts on the Inside

Nature's Bounty is a registered trademark.

Lustriva, is a registered trademark of Nutrition 21, LLC. Lustriva, is patent protected.

Precautions

Warning: If you are pregnant, nursing, taking any medications, have any medical condition, or are planning to undergo any clinical lab testing, consult your doctor before use. Some supplements may interact with certain medications and/or interfere with certain lab tests.

It is advisable to consult your doctor before using biotin doses above 2,500 mcg per day. If any adverse reactions occur, stop use and consult your doctor. Do not use if seal under cap is broken or missing.

Keep out of reach of children.

Storage

Store at room temperature.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Hair Growth by Nature's Bounty Optimal Solutions label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Hair Growth label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Hair Growth by Nature's Bounty Optimal Solutions

These are the 3 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Biotin

No known
interactions
10000 mcg per serving Form: Advanced Hair Complex

Biotin (vitamin B7) is a water-soluble vitamin your body needs to turn food into energy and to support healthy hair, skin, and nails. Most people get...

Biotin monograph & interactions

Advanced Hair Complex

160 mg per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Cellulose, Stearic Acid, Magnesium Stearate, Silica. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Hair Growth by Nature's Bounty Optimal Solutions Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Hair Growth?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
295Drugs
6 Major 175 Moderate 114 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Magnesium Biotinate 295

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Hair Growth interact with 295 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

1 of the 3 ingredients in Hair Growth interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Magnesium Biotinate

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Hair Growth with known interactions, here are the types of medications it can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Magnesium Biotinate15 drug types · 295 drugs

Levodopa/Carbidopa (Sinemet)

Magnesium can reduce the bioavailability of levodopa/carbidopa.
Clinical research in healthy volunteers shows that taking magnesium oxide 1000 mg with levodopa 100 mg/carbidopa 10 mg reduces the area under the curve (AUC) of levodopa by 35% and of carbidopa by 81%. In vitro and animal research shows that magnesium produces an alkaline environment in the digestive tract, which might lead to degradation and reduced bioavailability of levodopa/carbidopa.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Aminoglycoside Antibiotics

Concomitant use of aminoglycoside antibiotics and magnesium can increase the risk for neuromuscular weakness.
Both aminoglycosides and magnesium reduce presynaptic acetylcholine release, which can lead to neuromuscular blockade and possible paralysis. This is most likely to occur with high doses of magnesium given intravenously.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antacids

Use of acid reducers may reduce the laxative effect of magnesium oxide.
A retrospective analysis shows that, in the presence of H2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) or proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), a higher dose of magnesium oxide is needed for a laxative effect. This may also occur with antacids. Under acidic conditions, magnesium oxide is converted to magnesium chloride and then to magnesium bicarbonate, which has an osmotic laxative effect. By reducing acidity, antacids may reduce the conversion of magnesium oxide to the active bicarbonate salt.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (Biktarvy)

Magnesium might decrease levels of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide by reducing its absorption.
Advise patients that bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide should be taken at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after magnesium containing products.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Bisphosphonates

Magnesium can decrease absorption of bisphosphonates.
Cations, including magnesium, can decrease bisphosphonate absorption. Advise patients to separate doses of magnesium and these drugs by at least 2 hours.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Calcium Channel Blockers

Magnesium can have additive effects with calcium channel blockers, although evidence is conflicting.
Magnesium inhibits calcium entry into smooth muscle cells and may therefore have additive effects with calcium channel blockers. Severe hypotension and neuromuscular blockades may occur when nifedipine is used with intravenous magnesium, although some contradictory evidence suggests that concurrent use of magnesium with nifedipine does not increase the risk of neuromuscular weakness. High doses of magnesium could theoretically have additive effects with other calcium channel blockers.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Digoxin

Magnesium salts may reduce absorption of digoxin.
Clinical evidence suggests that treatment with oral magnesium hydroxide or magnesium trisilicate reduces absorption of digoxin from the intestines. This may reduce the blood levels of digoxin and decrease its therapeutic effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

Potassium-sparing diuretics decrease excretion of magnesium, possibly increasing magnesium levels.
Potassium-sparing diuretics also have magnesium-sparing properties, which can counteract the magnesium losses associated with loop and thiazide diuretics. Theoretically, increased magnesium levels could result from concomitant use of potassium-sparing diuretics and magnesium supplements.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Quinolone Antibiotics

Magnesium decreases absorption of quinolones.
Magnesium can form insoluble complexes with quinolones and decrease their absorption. Advise patients to take these drugs at least 2 hours before, or 4 to 6 hours after, magnesium supplements.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

Parenteral magnesium alters the pharmacokinetics of skeletal muscle relaxants, increasing their effects and accelerating the onset of effect.
Parenteral magnesium shortens the time to onset of skeletal muscle relaxants by about 1 minute and prolongs the duration of action by about 2 minutes. Magnesium potentiates the effects of skeletal muscle relaxants by decreasing calcium-mediated release of acetylcholine from presynaptic nerve terminals, reducing postsynaptic sensitivity to acetylcholine, and having a direct effect on the membrane potential of myocytes. Magnesium also has vasodilatory actions and increases cardiac output, allowing a greater amount of muscle relaxant to reach the motor end plate. A clinical study found that low-dose rocuronium (0.45 mg/kg), when given after administration of magnesium 30 mg/kg over 10 minutes, has an accelerated onset of effect, which matches the onset of effect seen with a full-dose rocuronium regimen (0.6 mg/kg). In another clinical study, onset times for rocuronium doses of 0.3, 0.6, and 1.2 mg/kg were 86, 76, and 50 seconds, respectively, when given alone, but were reduced to 66, 44, and 38 seconds, respectively, when the doses were given after a 15-minute infusion of magnesium sulfate 60 mg/kg. Giving intraoperative intravenous magnesium sulfate, 50 mg/kg loading dose followed by 15 mg/kg/hour, reduces the onset time of rocuronium, enhances its clinical effects, reduces the dose of intraoperative opiates, and prolongs the spontaneous recovery time. It does not affect the activity of subsequently administered neostigmine.

Likelihood Probable Evidence A
Sulfonylureas

Magnesium increases the systemic absorption of sulfonylureas, increasing their effects and side effects.
Clinical research shows that administration of magnesium hydroxide with glyburide increases glyburide absorption, increases maximal insulin response by 35-fold, and increases the risk of hypoglycemia, when compared with glyburide alone. A similar interaction occurs between magnesium hydroxide and glipizide. The mechanism of this effect appears to be related to the elevation of gastrointestinal pH by magnesium-based antacids, increasing solubility and enhancing absorption of sulfonylureas.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Tetracycline Antibiotics

Magnesium decreases absorption of tetracyclines.
Magnesium can form insoluble complexes with tetracyclines in the gut and decrease their absorption and antibacterial activity. Advise patients to take these drugs 1 hour before or 2 hours after magnesium supplements.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, magnesium may have antiplatelet effects, but the evidence is conflicting.
In vitro evidence shows that magnesium sulfate inhibits platelet aggregation, even at low concentrations. Some preliminary clinical evidence shows that infusion of magnesium sulfate increases bleeding time by 48% and reduces platelet activity. However, other clinical research shows that magnesium does not affect platelet aggregation, although inhibition of platelet-dependent thrombosis can occur.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Gabapentin (Neurontin)

Gabapentin absorption can be decreased by magnesium.
Clinical research shows that giving magnesium oxide orally along with gabapentin decreases the maximum plasma concentration of gabapentin by 33%, time to maximum concentration by 36%, and area under the curve by 43%. Advise patients to take gabapentin at least 2 hours before, or 4 to 6 hours after, magnesium supplements.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Sevelamer (Renagel, Renvela)

Sevelamer may increase serum magnesium levels.
In patients on hemodialysis, sevelamer use was associated with a 0.28 mg/dL increase in serum magnesium. The mechanism of this interaction remains unclear.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Magnesium Biotinate full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Hair Growth, from the product label.

Nature's Bounty Optimal Solutions

See all Nature's Bounty Optimal Solutions products
Name
Nature's Bounty, Inc.
City
Bohemia
State
NY
ZipCode
11716
Phone Number
1-800-433-2990
Web Address
NaturesBounty.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Hair Growth by Nature's Bounty Optimal Solutions: Common Questions

Does Hair Growth by Nature's Bounty Optimal Solutions interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Hair Growth has a known interaction with 295 medications, including 6 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Hair Growth contains 3 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Will biotin actually help my hair grow?
Biotin is established as effective for biotin deficiency, but the evidence that it helps hair growth from causes like male or female pattern baldness is insufficient. If you have a confirmed biotin deficiency, it may help; otherwise, we don't have strong proof it'll reverse hair loss.
Is this safe to take while I'm pregnant?
Silicon is advised against during pregnancy because there isn't enough reliable safety data. Biotin and magnesium are likely safe at the amounts in food and prenatal vitamins, but biotin high-dose products and magnesium supplements need your doctor's approval. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist about the amounts in this specific product.
Can I take this while breastfeeding?
Silicon should be avoided while breastfeeding due to insufficient safety data. Biotin and normal dietary amounts of magnesium are likely fine, but high-dose magnesium supplements need your doctor's okay first. Check with your pharmacist about the dose in this product.
What is silicon supposed to do in a hair supplement?
Silicon may support bone and dental health, but the evidence for its role in hair growth or hair loss is insufficient. It's included in many hair supplements, but we don't have solid proof it works for that purpose.
What are the most common side effects?
Biotin rarely causes mild diarrhea at high doses. Magnesium commonly causes diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and stomach irritation. Silicon is generally well tolerated. If you experience any of these, try taking it with food or talk to your pharmacist.
Does this product contain any fillers?
Yes — the capsule contains cellulose, stearic acid, magnesium stearate, and silica as inactive ingredients. These are standard binders and fillers that help hold the capsule together.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Hair Growth is safe with your meds?

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Hair Growth label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Hair Growth’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Biotin

Biotin (vitamin B7) is a water-soluble vitamin your body needs to turn food into energy and to support healthy hair, skin, and nails. Most people get plenty from a normal diet, and true defi...

Read the full Biotin monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Magnesium

Interacts with 295 drugs

Magnesium is an essential mineral your body needs for muscles, nerves, blood pressure, and many other functions, and supplements are useful for preventing or correcting deficiency. Some othe...

Read the full Magnesium monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Hair Growth's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 105 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Silicon 19 references
  1. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2002.
  2. Jugdaohsingh R, Anderson SH, Tucker KL, et al. Dietary silicon intake and absorption. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;75:887-93. PubMed
  3. Ichiyanagi O, Sasagawa I, Adachi Y, et al. Silica urolithiasis without magnesium trisilicate intake. Urol Int 1998;61:39-42. PubMed
  4. Levison DA, Crocker PR, Banim S, Wallace DM. Silica stones in the urinary bladder. Lancet 1982;1:704-5. PubMed
  5. Lee MH, Lee YH, Hsu TH, et al. Silica stone--development due to long time oral trisilicate intake. Scand J Urol Nephrol 1993;27:267-9. PubMed
  6. Cruz Guerra, N. A., Gomez Garcia, M. A., Lovaco, Castellano F., Saez Garrido, J. C., Garcia, Cuerpo E., and Escudero, Barrilero A. [Silica urolithiasis: report of a new case]. Actas Urol.Esp 2000;24(2):202-204.
  7. Merget, R., Bauer, T., Kupper, H. U., Philippou, S., Bauer, H. D., Breitstadt, R., and Bruening, T. Health hazards due to the inhalation of amorphous silica. Arch Toxicol. 2002;75(11-12):625-634. PubMed
  8. Khuder, S. A., Peshimam, A. Z., and Agraharam, S. Environmental risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis. Rev Environ Health 2002;17(4):307-315. PubMed
  9. McLaughlin, J. K., Chow, W. H., and Levy, L. S. Amorphous silica: a review of health effects from inhalation exposure with particular reference to cancer. J Toxicol.Environ Health 4-25-1997;50(6):553-566. DOI
  10. Pelucchi, C., Pira, E., Piolatto, G., Coggiola, M., Carta, P., and La, Vecchia C. Occupational silica exposure and lung cancer risk: a review of epidemiological studies 1996-2005. Ann.Oncol. 2006;17(7):1039-1050. PubMed
  11. Gillissen, A., Gessner, C., Hammerschmidt, S., Hoheisel, G., and Wirtz, H. [Health significance of inhaled particles]. Dtsch.Med Wochenschr. 3-24-2006;131(12):639-644.
  12. Hu, J. F., Qu, H., and Wang, J. Z. [Meta analysis for relationship between exposure of free silicon dioxide and lung tumor]. Zhonghua Lao.Dong.Wei Sheng Zhi.Ye.Bing.Za Zhi. 2006;24(7):415-417.
  13. Jugdaohsingh, R. Silicon and bone health. J Nutr Health Aging 2007;11(2):99-110.
  14. Lacasse, Y., Martin, S., Gagne, D., and Lakhal, L. Dose-response meta-analysis of silica and lung cancer. Cancer Causes Control 2009;20(6):925-933. PubMed
  15. McCormic, Z. D., Khuder, S. S., Aryal, B. K., Ames, A. L., and Khuder, S. A. Occupational silica exposure as a risk factor for scleroderma: a meta-analysis. Int Arch Occup.Environ Health 2010;83(7):763-769. PubMed
  16. Haddad, F. S. and Kouyoumdjian, A. Silica stones in humans. Urol.Int 1986;41(1):70-76. PubMed
  17. Tervaert, J. W., Stegeman, C. A., and Kallenberg, C. G. Silicon exposure and vasculitis. Curr Opin.Rheumatol 1998;10(1):12-17. PubMed
  18. Steenland, K. and Stayner, L. Silica, asbestos, man-made mineral fibers, and cancer. Cancer Causes Control 1997;8(3):491-503. PubMed
  19. Boqué N, Valls RM, Pedret A, Puiggrós F, Arola L, Solà R. Relative absorption of silicon from different formulations of dietary supplements: a pilot randomized, double-blind, crossover post-prandial study. Sci Rep 2021;11(1):16479. PubMed

See these in context on the Silicon monograph →

Biotin 4 references
  1. Debourdeau PM, Djezzar S, Estival JL, et al. Life-threatening eosinophilic pleuropericardial effusion related to vitamins B5 and H. Ann Pharmacother 2001;35:424-6. DOI
  2. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
  3. Mock DM, Quirk JG, Mock NI. Marginal biotin deficiency during normal pregnancy. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;75:295-9. PubMed
  4. Sedel F, Papeix C, Bellanger A, Touitou V, Lebrun-Frenay C, Galanaud D, et al. High doses of biotin in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis: a pilot study.Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2015;4(2):159-69. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2015.01.005. PubMed

See these in context on the Biotin monograph →

Magnesium 82 references
  1. Rodin SM, Johnson BF. Pharmacokinetic interactions with digoxin. Clin Pharmacokinet 1988;15:227-44.
  2. Covington TR, et al. Handbook of Nonprescription Drugs. 11th ed. Washington, DC: American Pharmaceutical Association, 1996.
  3. Dahle LO, Berg G, Hammar M, et al. The effect of oral magnesium substitution on pregnancy-induced leg cramps. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995;173:175-80. PubMed
  4. Hansten PD, Horn JR. Drug Interactions Analysis and Management. Vancouver, WA: Applied Therapeutics Inc., 1997 and updates.
  5. Peikert A, Wilimzig C, Kohne-Volland R. Prophylaxis of migraine with oral magnesium: results from a prospective, multi-center, placebo-controlled and double-blind randomized study. Cephalalgia 1996;16:257-63. PubMed
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