Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Based on 2 of 5 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Holy Mate! Calm Energy Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Ecoteas

Holy Mate! Calm Energy label
See full label image
Other (e.g. Tea Bag) Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Major
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Holy Mate! Calm Energy against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

Holy Mate! Calm Energy is a dietary supplement by Ecoteas with 5 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for stress and anxiety, blood sugar support, respiratory complaints.Based on those ingredients, 1,231 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are organic Peppermint, organic Krishna Tulsi. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Holy Mate! Calm Energy by Ecoteas

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Holy Mate! Calm Energy by Ecoteas — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Holy Mate! Calm Energy by Ecoteas

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Aug 6, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 2 of its 6 active ingredients.
  • “Proprietary Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (2 Gram(s)) without saying how much of each component you get.
  • “organic Peppermint” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label doesn't break down how much of each component you get.

Holy Mate! Calm Energy contains 6 ingredients: caffeine and theobromine (a stimulant found in cocoa), three types of organic holy basil (Krishna Tulsi, Rama Tulsi, and Vana Tulsi), organic yerba mate, and organic peppermint.

There are no inactive fillers—the product is the herbs themselves in tea bag form. Caffeine and theobromine work as central nervous system stimulants to boost alertness and energy.

The holy basil varieties are traditionally used for their calming properties, though the evidence for anxiety relief isn't established in the data we hold. Yerba mate and peppermint add their own flavor and traditional herbal benefits.

Does it work?

Strong evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Strong

Clinical evidence supports at least one of this product's ingredients for its stated purpose.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: calm energy and mental alertness.
  • We looked for evidence on: Mental alertness, Fatigue, Anxiety, Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), stress management, relaxation with focus.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Caffeine is rated "Likely Effective" for Mental alertness (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Cocoa is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), Fatigue.
  • Also on file: Holy Basil is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), Stress.

Caffeine is effective for neonatal apnea and postoperative headache, likely effective for mental alertness and athletic performance, and possibly effective for bronchopulmonary dysplasia—but you're taking this as a tea for everyday energy, so the mental alertness and athletic performance ratings are most relevant to you. Theobromine from cocoa has possibly effective evidence for heart disease prevention, though the amounts in a tea blend are modest.

The three holy basil types in this product show insufficient evidence to rate for anxiety, asthma, headache, respiratory infections, dental health, or diabetes—the research just isn't there yet.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Holy Basil Peppermint

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 3 of the 3 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 3 of 3.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 3 of 3.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Caffeine in moderate amounts is generally well tolerated in healthy adults, though high doses can cause anxiety, dependence, diarrhea, headache, insomnia, tremors, nausea, and restlessness. Rarely, caffeine has been linked to stroke.

It can also trigger anaphylaxis in people with true caffeine sensitivity, though that's uncommon. The theobromine in cocoa is also generally well tolerated at food amounts, with mild side effects like nausea, constipation, and headache reported in studies.

Holy basil is generally well tolerated short-term, with loose stools and nausea in a small number of trial participants, though long-term safety data are limited. Because caffeine and theobromine pass into breast milk and can affect a baby's sleep and fussiness, keep your intake modest if you're nursing, and discuss safe limits with your doctor.

Caffeine carries possibly conflicting pregnancy ratings—some data suggest caution, others suggest possible safety—so talk with your doctor about whether this tea is okay for you during pregnancy.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Holy Basil Peppermint

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 3 of the 3 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Cocoa, Caffeine, Holy Basil.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; diabetes medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 750 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Check with your doctor or pharmacist before using this tea if you take ephedrine or ephedra (stimulant risk—this is Major severity), blood pressure medications, blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs, diabetes medications, seizure drugs (phenobarbital, carbamazepine), barbiturate sedatives (pentobarbital), stomach acid reducers (cimetidine), quinolone antibiotics, the antipsychotic clozapine, beta-agonist inhalers, disulfiram, or flutamide. If you're unsure whether your medication is on this list, search it in the checker below.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with clinical evidence supporting its stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This tea gives you caffeine and theobromine for mental alertness and energy, plus three types of holy basil for their traditional calming effects, though the evidence for anxiety relief isn't established yet. It's a good fit if you want a gentler energy boost than coffee and tolerate caffeine well.

Skip it or check with your doctor first if you take blood pressure meds, diabetes medications, blood thinners, seizure drugs, antipsychotics, barbiturate sedatives, or certain antibiotics—or if you're pregnant or nursing. Talk it over with your doctor or pharmacist before starting, especially if you're on any prescription medications.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 5 of 6 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Oct 10, 2014.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Holy Mate! Calm Energy, straight from the product label.

Brand Ecoteas
Barcode (UPC) 819162004562
Net contents 24 Tea Bag(s); 1.7 oz.; 48 Gram(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Oct 10, 2014
DSLD ID 37982
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Other (e.g. Tea Bag)
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Kosher, Organic, Gluten Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Holy Mate! Calm Energy by Ecoteas, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Tea Bag(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Tea Bag(s)
Servings per container
24
UPC/BARCODE
819162004562
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories5 {Calories}--
Caffeine16 mg--
Theobromine1.9 mg--
Proprietary Blend2 Gram(s)--
organic Yerba mate0 NP--
organic Krishna Tulsi0 NP--
organic Rama Tulsi0 NP--
organic Vana Tulsi0 NP--
organic Peppermint0 NP--

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
General Statements

NO STRINGS ATTACHED: New Tagless ECO Tea Bags!

ZERO WASTE PACKAGING

OUR ECO COMMITMENTS

For every eight ounces of water used to brew our tea, we work with BEF to restore eight ounces of water to the Klamath River Watershed in southern Oregon.

Learn more at ECOTEAS.COM

Fair for Life Fair Trade certified by IMO. Made with 100% certified fair trade ingredients. Packaged in the USA.

Front illustration by Ketzia Schoneberg, www.ketzia.com

For more info about our award-winning packaging, scan here or visit www.yerbamate.com/packaging {QR CODE}

ZERO WASTE PACKAGING This carton is made from 100% post-consumer recycled paperboard. Please recycle it again. The “eco-wrappers” that seal each tagless teabag are made from renewable non-GMO wood pulp.

Tulsi is India’s “Queen of all Herbs.” Yerba mate is South America’s “Gift from the Gods.” While tulsi takes the weight off your shoulders, yerba mate puts the spring in your step. We’ve combined them for a balanced supply of stress-free energy.*

A Calm, Sustained Energy Tea Supplement* ~ Enhances physical energy* ~ Stimulates mental clarity* ~ Supports weight loss regimens that include a balanced diet and exercise* ~ Increases endurance* ~ Reduces the negative effects of stress*

ANTIOXIDANT POWER When brewed as directed, this tea provides an ORAC value of 2,666 µmolTE/240mL, which is slightly stronger than a typical cup of green tea.

Long before we started EcoTeas, we were organic gardeners. For us, organic comes first.

As three best friends working in partnership with small farmers around the world, Fair Trade is just part of who we are.

Nature knows best. We can grow plenty of food without upsetting the balance.

Our love of nature runs deep. Planting native trees is a small gift back to the world.

This box is made from 100% post-consumer recycled paperboard. The “eco-wrappers” that seal each tagless teabag are made from renewable non-GMO wood pulp.

We offset our office electricity usage with green energy from the Bonneville Environmental Foundation (BEF).

Seals/Symbols

2012 Winner Responsible Packaging Award

USDA ORGANIC

fair for life fair trade certified by IMO

PROUD TO BE A WATER STEWARD b-e-f.org

KSA KOSHER

100% POST-CONSUMER RECYCLED PAPERBOARD

NON GMO Project VERIFIED

PROUD TO SUPPORT CLEAN ENERGY b-e-f.org

Formulation

ORGANIC & FAIR TRADE

Certified Organic by Oregon Tilth (OTCO), USDA Accredited.

GLUTEN FREE

Formula

UNSMOKED YERBA MATE WITH TULSI & PEPPERMINT

Naturally Caffeinated

FDA Statement of Identity

Herbal Supplement

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Holy Mate!(R) Preparation Hot: To release the full flavor and benefits of Holy Mate!(R) steep one tea bag in 8 oz of 170(0)F water for 5 minutes. Iced: Brew hot tea at double strength, then add ice.

Brand IP Statement(s)

(R) & (C) 2014 Mate Revolution Inc. All Rights Reserved

Experience the fusion of two ancient herbal traditions with EcoTeas Holy Mate!(R).

FDA Disclaimer Statement

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Holy Mate! Calm Energy by Ecoteas label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Holy Mate! Calm Energy label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Holy Mate! Calm Energy by Ecoteas

These are the 5 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Tea Bag(s) Dosage formOther (e.g. Tea Bag) Servings per container24 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Proprietary Blend

2 Gram(s) per serving
Interaction report

Holy Mate! Calm Energy by Ecoteas Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Holy Mate! Calm Energy?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
1,231Drugs
8 Major 1,166 Moderate 57 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

organic Peppermint 796
organic Krishna Tulsi 212

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Holy Mate! Calm Energy interact with 1,231 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

2 of the 5 ingredients in Holy Mate! Calm Energy interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. organic Peppermint organic Krishna Tulsi

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Holy Mate! Calm Energy with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

organic Peppermint5 drug types · 796 drugs

Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)

Theoretically, peppermint oil might increase the levels and adverse effects of cyclosporine.
In animal research, peppermint oil inhibits cyclosporine metabolism and increases cyclosporine levels. Inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) may be partially responsible for this interaction. An interaction between peppermint oil and cyclosporine has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates

Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP2C19 substrates.
In vitro research shows that peppermint oil inhibits CYP2C19. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP2C9 substrates.
In vitro research shows that peppermint oil inhibits CYP2C9. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Clinical research in healthy volunteers shows that a single dose of peppermint oil 600 mg inhibits CYP3A4 enzymes and increases the AUC of felodipine, a CYP3A4 substrate. However, in vitro research suggests that peppermint oil only inhibits CYP3A4 at very high concentrations.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro and animal research shows that peppermint oil and peppermint leaf inhibit CYP1A2. However, in clinical research, peppermint tea did not significantly affect the metabolism of caffeine, a CYP1A2 substrate. It is possible that the 6-day duration of treatment may have been too short to identify a difference.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
organic Peppermint full monograph & interactions

organic Krishna Tulsi3 drug types · 212 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, holy basil seed oil might increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Animal research shows that holy basil seed oil can prolong bleeding time, possibly due to inhibition of platelet aggregation. However, it is not known if this occurs in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, holy basil might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Small clinical studies show that taking holy basil can decrease fasting blood glucose and other measures of glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Pentobarbital (Nembutal)

Theoretically, holy basil seed oil might increase the sedative effects of pentobarbital.
Animal research shows that holy basil seed oil increases pentobarbitone-induced sleeping time. However, it is not known if this occurs in humans or if this applies to other barbiturates or sedatives.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
organic Krishna Tulsi full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Holy Mate! Calm Energy, from the product label.

Ecoteas

See all Ecoteas products
Name
Mate Revolution Inc.
Street Address
PO BOX 1192
City
Ashland
State
OR
ZipCode
97520
Phone Number
800.839.0775
Web Address
www.ecoteas.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Holy Mate! Calm Energy by Ecoteas: Common Questions

Does Holy Mate! Calm Energy by Ecoteas interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Holy Mate! Calm Energy has a known interaction with 1,231 medications, including 8 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Holy Mate! Calm Energy contains 5 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Can I drink this if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
The caffeine and theobromine in this tea have mixed pregnancy ratings—some data suggest caution, others suggest possible safety—so you'll want to talk with your doctor about safe limits. If you're nursing, small amounts of caffeine pass into breast milk and are usually considered acceptable, but keep your intake modest and watch your baby for fussiness or sleep issues. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for personalized guidance.
What are the holy basil types in this blend for?
Krishna Tulsi, Rama Tulsi, and Vana Tulsi are three varieties of holy basil traditionally used for their calming effects. The research we have doesn't establish whether they actually work for anxiety, asthma, headache, or other conditions—more studies are needed.
Will this keep me awake at night?
Yes, it's possible. Caffeine commonly causes insomnia and sleep problems, especially if you drink it in the afternoon or evening or if you're sensitive to caffeine. If you're prone to sleep issues, stick to the morning.
Is there any caffeine in the yerba mate and holy basil?
Yerba mate does contain caffeine naturally, so this tea has caffeine from multiple sources—the added caffeine ingredient, the cocoa, and the yerba mate. If you're sensitive to caffeine, that's worth knowing. We don't have specific amounts for you, so check the label or contact the manufacturer for exact numbers.
What's the difference between this and just drinking coffee?
This tea has caffeine like coffee, so it'll boost your alertness similarly. The holy basil varieties are added for a calming effect to balance the caffeine, and yerba mate brings its own flavor and traditional benefits. It may feel like a gentler energy lift than coffee, but the actual caffeine content depends on the brewing strength and amount you use.
Are there any side effects from the holy basil or other herbs?
Holy basil is generally well tolerated, though a small number of people in trials reported loose stools and nausea. Cocoa can cause nausea, constipation, headache, and gastrointestinal discomfort. Most of the side effects you're likely to notice—anxiety, jitteriness, insomnia, headache—come from the caffeine content.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Holy Mate! Calm Energy is safe with your meds?

Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.

Ask a pharmacist

Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Holy Mate! Calm Energy label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Holy Mate! Calm Energy’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Holy Basil

Interacts with 212 drugs

Holy basil (tulsi) is a traditional Ayurvedic herb most often used today for stress and general wellness, but the human evidence is mostly small and preliminary. It is generally well tolerat...

Read the full Holy Basil monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Peppermint

Interacts with 796 drugs

Peppermint is a popular herb with the best evidence supporting enteric-coated peppermint oil for easing IBS symptoms. It is generally well tolerated for most adults, but it can cause heartbu...

Read the full Peppermint monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Holy Mate! Calm Energy's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 404 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Caffeine 236 references
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  2. Harder S, Fuhr U, Staib AH, Wolff T. Ciprofloxacin-caffeine: a drug interaction established using in vivo and in vitro investigations. Am J Med 1989;87:89S-91S. PubMed
  3. Carbo M, Segura J, De la Torre R, et al. Effect of quinolones on caffeine disposition. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1989;45:234-40. PubMed
  4. Healy DP, Polk RE, Kanawati L, et al. Interaction between oral ciprofloxacin and caffeine in normal volunteers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1989;33:474-8. PubMed
  5. Mester R, Toren P, Mizrachi I, et al. Caffeine withdrawal increases lithium blood levels. Biol Psychiatry 1995;37:348-50. PubMed
  6. Jefferson JW. Lithium tremor and caffeine intake: two cases of drinking less and shaking more. J Clin Psychiatry 1988;49:72-3.
  7. Joeres R, Klinker H, Heusler H, et al. Influence of mexiletine on caffeine elimination. Pharmacol Ther 1987;33:163-9. PubMed
  8. Vahedi K, Domingo V, Amarenco P, Bousser MG. Ischemic stroke in a sportsman who consumed MaHuang extract and creatine monohydrate for bodybuilding. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 2000;68:112-3.
  9. Wakabayashi K, Kono S, Shinchi K, et al. Habitual coffee consumption and blood pressure: A study of self-defense officials in Japan. Eur J Epidemiol 1998;14:669-73. PubMed
  10. Hodgson JM, Puddey IB, Burke V, et al. Effects on blood pressure of drinking green and black tea. J Hypertens 1999;17:457-63. PubMed
  11. Rapuri PB, Gallagher JC, Kinyamu HK, Ryschon KL. Caffeine intake increases the rate of bone loss in elderly women and interacts with vitamin D receptor genotypes. Am J Clin Nutr 2001;74:694-700. PubMed
  12. The National Toxicology Program (NTP). Caffeine. Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction (CERHR). Available at: http://cerhr.niehs.nih.gov/common/caffeine.html.
  13. Klebanoff MA, Levine RJ, DerSimonian R, et al. Maternal serum paraxanthine, a caffeine metabolite, and the risk of spontaneous abortion. N Engl J Med 1999;341:1639-44. PubMed
  14. Eskenazi B. Caffeine—filtering the facts. N Engl J Med 1999;341:1688-9. PubMed
  15. Fernandes O, Sabharwal M, Smiley T, et al. Moderate to heavy caffeine consumption during pregnancy and relationship to spontaneous abortion and abnormal fetal growth: a meta-analysis. Reprod Toxicol 1998;12:435-44. PubMed
  16. Pollock BG, Wylie M, Stack JA, et al. Inhibition of caffeine metabolism by estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. J Clin Pharmacol 1999;39:936-40. PubMed
  17. Nurminen ML, Niittynen L, Korpela R, Vapaatalo H. Coffee, caffeine and blood pressure: a critical review. Eur J Clin Nutr 1999;53:831-9. PubMed
  18. Dews PB, Curtis GL, Hanford KJ, O'Brien CP. The frequency of caffeine withdrawal in a population-based survey and in a controlled, blinded pilot experiment. J Clin Pharmacol 1999;39:1221-32. PubMed
  19. FDA. Proposed rule: dietary supplements containing ephedrine alkaloids. Available at: www.verity.fda.gov (Accessed 25 January 2000).
  20. Briggs GB, Freeman RK, Yaffe SJ. Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1998.
  21. Hagg S, Spigset O, Mjorndal T, Dahlqvist R. Effect of caffeine on clozapine pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2000;49:59-63. PubMed
  22. Tobias JD. Caffeine in the treatment of apnea associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection in neonates and infants. South Med J 2000;93:297-304. DOI
  23. Watson JM, Jenkins EJ, Hamilton P, et al. Influence of caffeine on the frequency and perception of hypoglycemia in free-living patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2000;23:455-9. PubMed
  24. Lloyd T, Johnson-Rollings N, Eggli DF, et al. Bone status among postmenopausal women with different habitual caffeine intakes: a longitudinal investigation. J Am Coll Nutr 2000;19:256-61. PubMed
  25. American Academy of Pediatrics. The transfer of drugs and other chemicals into human milk. Pediatrics 2001;108:776-89. PubMed
  26. Sinclair CJ, Geiger JD. Caffeine use in sports. A pharmacological review. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2000;40:71-9.
  27. Haller CA, Benowitz NL. Adverse cardiovascular and central nervous system events associated with dietary supplements containing ephedra alkaloids. N Engl J Med 2000;343:1833-8. PubMed
  28. Ali M, Afzal M. A potent inhibitor of thrombin stimulated platelet thromboxane formation from unprocessed tea. Prostaglandins Leukot Med 1987;27:9-13. PubMed
  29. Ardlie NG, Glew G, Schultz BG, Schwartz CJ. Inhibition and reversal of platelet aggregation by methyl xanthines. Thromb Diath Haemorrh 1967;18:670-3. DOI
  30. Ferrini RL, Barrett-Connor E. Caffeine intake and endogenous sex steroid levels in postmenopausal women. The Rancho Bernardo Study. Am J Epidemiol 1996:144:642-4. PubMed
  31. Avisar R, Avisar E, Weinberger D. Effect of coffee consumption on intraocular pressure. Ann Pharmacother 2002;36:992-5.. PubMed
  32. Bell DG, Jacobs I, Ellerington K. Effect of caffeine and ephedrine ingestion on anaerobic exercise performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001;33:1399-403. PubMed
  33. Horner NK, Lampe JW. Potential mechanisms of diet therapy for fibrocystic breast conditions show inadequate evidence of effectiveness. J Am Diet Assoc 2000;100:1368-80. PubMed
  34. Bracken MB, Triche EW, Belanger K, et al. Association of maternal caffeine consumption with decrements in fetal growth. Am J Epidemiol 2003;157:456-66.. PubMed
  35. McGowan JD, Altman RE, Kanto WP Jr. Neonatal withdrawal symptoms after chronic maternal ingestion of caffeine. South Med J 1988;81:1092-4.. PubMed
  36. Massey LK. Is caffeine a risk factor for bone loss in the elderly? Am J Clin Nutr 2001;74:569-70. PubMed
  37. Dreher HM. The effect of caffeine reduction on sleep quality and well-being in persons with HIV. J Psychosom Res 2003;54:191-8.. PubMed
  38. Kockler DR, McCarthy MW, Lawson CL. Seizure activity and unresponsiveness after hydroxycut ingestion. Pharmacotherapy 2001;21:647-51.. PubMed
  39. Schechter MD, Timmons GD. Objectively measured hyperactivity--II. Caffeine and amphetamine effects. J Clin Pharmacol 1985;25:276-80.. PubMed
  40. Nix D, Zelenitsky S, Symonds W, et al. The effect of fluconazole on the pharmacokinetics of caffeine in young and elderly subjects. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1992;51:183. DOI
  41. Infante S, Baeza ML, Calvo M, et al. Anaphylaxis due to caffeine. Allergy 2003;58:681-2. PubMed
  42. Massey LK, Whiting SJ. Caffeine, urinary calcium, calcium metabolism and bone. J Nutr 1993;123:1611-4. PubMed
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See these in context on the Caffeine monograph →

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