Honeybee Propolis with Elderberry Ingredients & Drug Interactions
by Nutrients for Health
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking Honeybee Propolis with Elderberry against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Honeybee Propolis with Elderberry is a dietary supplement by Nutrients for Health with 7 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for colds, flu (influenza), other respiratory infections.Based on those ingredients, 2,234 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Carob powder, Propolis, Honey Granules. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against Honeybee Propolis with Elderberry by Nutrients for Health
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Honeybee Propolis with Elderberry by Nutrients for Health — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
Ask the Pharmacist
A licensed pharmacist will answer your question by email — free, usually within 24 hours.
Got it — thank you!
A licensed pharmacist will answer within 24 hours. Keep an eye on your email (worth checking spam, just in case).
HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Honeybee Propolis with Elderberry by Nutrients for Health
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Low disclosure
Honeybee Propolis with Elderberry contains 7 ingredients, of which the active ones are elderberry fruit extract, carob powder, cocoa powder, propolis, honey granules, and wheat germ. Dextrose is listed as part of a proprietary blend.
Elderberry is included for immune and respiratory support, propolis (a resinous mixture collected by honeybees) for its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, honey for soothing and antioxidant effects, cocoa for cardiovascular benefits, carob for digestive support, and wheat germ for nutritional density. The tablet also contains inactive ingredients—gelatin, silica, magnesium stearate, talc, artificial flavor, and riboflavin—which serve as binders, flow agents, and color.
Does it work?
Moderate evidence
The evidence for what these ingredients actually do is mixed and often limited. Elderberry has insufficient evidence to rate for hay fever, heart disease, fatigue, lung disease, brain function, and respiratory infections.
Cocoa shows possibly effective evidence for cardiovascular disease but is possibly ineffective for stretch marks. Propolis appears possibly effective for mouth sores (oral mucositis), cold sores, and diabetes, but insufficient evidence exists for dengue fever.
Honey is possibly effective for cold sores, cough, mouth sores, burns, and dry eye. Carob is possibly effective for diarrhea but has insufficient evidence for athletic performance and diabetes.
Wheat germ shows insufficient evidence for all conditions listed (bronchitis, prostate health, anemia, cancer, and cold). Overall, the strongest claims rest on propolis and honey for oral health and honey for cough, but many uses lack solid research backing.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Propolis is generally well tolerated short term, though allergic reactions are possible—especially in people sensitive to bee products—and headache is the most common side effect (reported in about 7% of users in one trial). Elderberry prepared from cooked ripe fruit is well tolerated, but raw or unripe berries, seeds, and leaves can cause nausea, vomiting, severe diarrhea, weakness, dizziness, and numbness due to toxic compounds; cooking eliminates this risk.
Cocoa in food amounts is generally safe but contains caffeine and stimulants; it may cause nausea, constipation, headache, and gastrointestinal discomfort, and large amounts can trigger irregular heartbeat. Carob is safe in normal food amounts, though concentrated supplement doses are not well studied.
Honey is generally safe for adults and children over 1 year old, with nausea and stomach upset being the most common side effects. Wheat germ is generally well tolerated but can trigger allergic reactions in wheat-sensitive individuals and may cause nausea, loss of appetite, and constipation.
During pregnancy, propolis and elderberry should be avoided due to insufficient safety data. Cocoa is possibly unsafe in pregnancy and possibly safe in lactation (though its caffeine passes into breast milk, so modest intake and watching for baby fussiness is advised).
Honey and carob are likely safe in pregnancy and lactation. Wheat germ safety in pregnancy and lactation is not established in the data we hold—talk with your doctor or pharmacist for personalized guidance.
Meds to double-check
Moderate interaction found
Before taking this product, double-check with your pharmacist or doctor if you use immunosuppressants (drugs that weaken immune response), cancer drugs like pazopanib, blood pressure medications, beta-agonist inhalers (albuterol and similar), blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs, seizure medications (especially phenytoin), diabetes medications, or any drug that your liver breaks down—particularly those processed by CYP3A4, CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, CYP1A2, or CYP2E1 enzymes. Moderate interactions are documented with all of these.
Additionally, quinolone antibiotics, sleeping pills (pentobarbital), and drugs for angina (dipyridamole) may be affected by the cocoa content.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with some supporting evidence behind its ingredients' uses. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
This product may appeal to you if you're looking for immune and antioxidant support from bee-derived and herbal ingredients with some evidence behind a few uses (particularly propolis and honey for mouth and throat health). However, if you take any regular medications—especially blood thinners, immunosuppressants, blood pressure drugs, diabetes medications, or seizure drugs—you need to check your exact medications against the interactions listed on this page before starting.
Pregnant or breastfeeding women should talk with their doctor or pharmacist first, as several ingredients should be avoided during these times. Overall, discuss this product with your own healthcare provider to make sure it's right for your individual situation.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 6 of 7 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Sep 22, 2022.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about Honeybee Propolis with Elderberry, straight from the product label.
| Brand | Nutrients for Health |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | 850015036033 |
| Net contents | 180 Tablet(s) |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Sep 22, 2022 |
| DSLD ID | 272418 |
| Product type | Other Combinations |
| Supplement form | Tablet Or Pill |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Adult (18 - 50 Years) |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for Honeybee Propolis with Elderberry by Nutrients for Health, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Dextrose | 0 NP | -- |
| Proprietary Blend | 1000 mg | -- |
| Elderberry Fruit Extract | 0 NP | -- |
| Carob powder | 0 NP | -- |
| Cocoa, Powder | 0 NP | -- |
| Propolis | 0 NP | -- |
| Honey Granules | 0 NP | -- |
| Wheat Germ | 0 NP | -- |
Other ingredients: Gelatin, Silica, Magnesium Stearate, Talc, Artificial flavor, Riboflavin
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
General Statements
Honeybee Propolis is a protective substance metabolized by bees. Records of its dietary and topical uses date back to the ancient Greek physician, Hippocrates (4060-377 B.C.)
A wonder of nature
Precautions
Keep out of the reach of children
Do not use if seal is broken
Caution: Consult your physician prior to using this product if you are under 18 years old or have any pre-existing conditions.
Contains: Wheat
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place Protect from heat, light and moisture
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Directions: As a dietary supplement take one (1) tablet twice daily, or as recommended by your healthcare practitioner.
FDA Disclaimer Statement
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
FDA Statement of Identity
Dietary Supplement
Brand IP Statement(s)
Nutrients for Health By W.T. Rawleigh
Rawleigh A Friend of the Family Since 1889
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
Honeybee Propolis with Elderberry by Nutrients for Health label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in Honeybee Propolis with Elderberry by Nutrients for Health
These are the 7 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.
Serving size1 Tablet(s) Dosage formTablet Or Pill Servings per container90 Amounts shown are per serving.
Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.
Proprietary Blend
- › Dextrose
- › Elderberry Fruit Extract
- › Carob powder
- › Cocoa, Powder
- › Propolis
- › Honey Granules
- › Wheat Germ
Other (inactive) ingredients: Gelatin, Silica, Magnesium Stearate, Talc, Artificial flavor, Riboflavin. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
Honeybee Propolis with Elderberry by Nutrients for Health Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
Honeybee Propolis with Elderberry by Nutrients for Health contains several ingredients with documented medication interactions.
The most serious concern comes through its elderberry and cocoa content: elderberry may interfere with immunosuppressant therapy (drugs that dampen immune function) due to its own immune-stimulating activity, and cocoa's caffeine content can increase cardiac stress when combined with beta-adrenergic agonists (drugs like albuterol used for asthma and COPD). Altogether, these interactions span 2,235 individual medications.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
Elderberry also theoretically interacts with pazopanib (Votrient), a cancer drug, potentially worsening side effects like nausea and liver injury. Cocoa's caffeine raises concerns with ephedrine (a decongestant and stimulant), certain antibiotics (quinolones), blood pressure medications, sleeping pills (pentobarbital), and several others by either boosting caffeine levels in your blood or interfering with how those drugs work.
Propolis may affect how your liver breaks down a broad range of medications—including blood thinners (warfarin and anticoagulants/antiplatelets) and drugs metabolized by multiple liver enzymes (CYP3A4, CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, CYP1A2, and CYP2E1)—though animal studies suggest the effect may be modest at typical doses.
Honey granules present minor interactions: they may raise phenytoin (Dilantin, an anti-seizure drug) levels and theoretically increase bleeding risk with blood thinners, though the evidence is mixed. Carob and wheat germ also carry interactions—carob may reduce absorption of oral medications generally (take it 30–60 minutes after your doses), and wheat germ may lower blood sugar and interact with certain liver enzymes (CYP1A2).
Dextrose could not be checked against medication data. Use the interaction checker below with your exact medications before starting this product, and discuss your full list with your doctor or pharmacist.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against Honeybee Propolis with Elderberry?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in Honeybee Propolis with Elderberry interact with 2,234 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
6 of the 7 ingredients in Honeybee Propolis with Elderberry interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Carob powder Propolis Honey Granules Cocoa, Powder Wheat Germ Elderberry Fruit Extract
6-mercaptopurinePurinethol
How 6-mercaptopurine interacts with Honeybee Propolis with Elderberry — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Elderberry Fruit ExtractImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, elderberry might interfere with immunosuppressant therapy due to its immunostimulant activity.
Read the full Elderberry Fruit Extract + 6-mercaptopurine interactionCarob PowderOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, carob might also impair the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Carob Powder + 6-mercaptopurine interactionAdo-trastuzumab EmtansineKadcyla
How Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interacts with Honeybee Propolis with Elderberry — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PropolisCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, high doses of propolis might increase blood levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Propolis + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionHoney GranulesCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, honey might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but research is conflicting.
Read the full Honey Granules + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionAbametapirXeglyze
How Abametapir interacts with Honeybee Propolis with Elderberry — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Cocoa, PowderCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Inhibitors Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the levels and adverse effects of caffeine.
Read the full Cocoa, Powder + Abametapir interactionAbciximabReoPro
How Abciximab interacts with Honeybee Propolis with Elderberry — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PropolisAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, propolis might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Read the full Propolis + Abciximab interactionCocoa, PowderAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cocoa may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Cocoa, Powder + Abciximab interactionHoney GranulesAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, honey may increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Honey Granules + Abciximab interactionCarob PowderOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, carob might also impair the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Carob Powder + Abciximab interactionAbemaciclibVerzenio
How Abemaciclib interacts with Honeybee Propolis with Elderberry — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PropolisCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, high doses of propolis might increase blood levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Propolis + Abemaciclib interactionCarob PowderOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, carob might also impair the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Carob Powder + Abemaciclib interactionHoney GranulesCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, honey might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but research is conflicting.
Read the full Honey Granules + Abemaciclib interactionAbiraterone
How Abiraterone interacts with Honeybee Propolis with Elderberry — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PropolisCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, high doses of propolis might increase blood levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Propolis + Abiraterone interactionCocoa, PowderCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Inhibitors Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the levels and adverse effects of caffeine.
Read the full Cocoa, Powder + Abiraterone interactionHoney GranulesCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, honey might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but research is conflicting.
Read the full Honey Granules + Abiraterone interactionCarob PowderOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, carob might also impair the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Carob Powder + Abiraterone interactionAbiraterone AcetateYonsa, Zytiga
How Abiraterone Acetate interacts with Honeybee Propolis with Elderberry — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PropolisCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, high doses of propolis might increase blood levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Propolis + Abiraterone Acetate interactionHoney GranulesCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, honey might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but research is conflicting.
Read the full Honey Granules + Abiraterone Acetate interactionCarob PowderOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, carob might also impair the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Carob Powder + Abiraterone Acetate interactionAbrocitinibCibinqo
How Abrocitinib interacts with Honeybee Propolis with Elderberry — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PropolisCytochrome P450 2c9 (cyp2c9) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2c19 (cyp2c19) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, high doses of propolis might increase blood levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
Read the full Propolis + Abrocitinib interactionCocoa, PowderAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cocoa may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Cocoa, Powder + Abrocitinib interactionElderberry Fruit ExtractImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, elderberry might interfere with immunosuppressant therapy due to its immunostimulant activity.
Read the full Elderberry Fruit Extract + Abrocitinib interactionCarob PowderOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, carob might also impair the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Carob Powder + Abrocitinib interactionHoney GranulesAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, honey may increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Honey Granules + Abrocitinib interactionAcalabrutinibCalquence
How Acalabrutinib interacts with Honeybee Propolis with Elderberry — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PropolisCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, high doses of propolis might increase blood levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Propolis + Acalabrutinib interactionHoney GranulesCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, honey might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but research is conflicting.
Read the full Honey Granules + Acalabrutinib interactionCarob PowderOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, carob might also impair the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Carob Powder + Acalabrutinib interactionAcarboseGlucobay, Prandase, Precose
How Acarbose interacts with Honeybee Propolis with Elderberry — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Wheat GermAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking wheatgrass with antidiabetes drugs might lower blood glucose levels and increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Read the full Wheat Germ + Acarbose interactionCarob PowderOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, carob might also impair the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Carob Powder + Acarbose interactionAcebutololRhotral, Sectral
How Acebutolol interacts with Honeybee Propolis with Elderberry — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Cocoa, PowderAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking cocoa with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Cocoa, Powder + Acebutolol interactionCarob PowderOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, carob might also impair the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Carob Powder + Acebutolol interactionAcenocoumarolSintrom
How Acenocoumarol interacts with Honeybee Propolis with Elderberry — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Cocoa, PowderAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cocoa may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Cocoa, Powder + Acenocoumarol interactionPropolisAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, propolis might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Read the full Propolis + Acenocoumarol interactionHoney GranulesAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, honey may increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Honey Granules + Acenocoumarol interactionCarob PowderOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, carob might also impair the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Carob Powder + Acenocoumarol interactionAcetaminophenChildren's Tylenol, Children's Tylenol Meltaways, Tylenol, Tylenol Ex Strength
How Acetaminophen interacts with Honeybee Propolis with Elderberry — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Wheat GermCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, wheatgrass might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Wheat Germ + Acetaminophen interactionPropolisCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, high doses of propolis might increase blood levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Propolis + Acetaminophen interactionCarob PowderOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, carob might also impair the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Carob Powder + Acetaminophen interactionAcetaminophen, AspirinGemnisyn
How Acetaminophen, Aspirin interacts with Honeybee Propolis with Elderberry — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PropolisAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Cytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, propolis might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Read the full Propolis + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionCocoa, PowderAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cocoa may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Cocoa, Powder + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionWheat GermCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, wheatgrass might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Wheat Germ + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionHoney GranulesAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, honey may increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Honey Granules + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionCarob PowderOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, carob might also impair the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Carob Powder + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionAcetaminophen, Aspirin, CaffeineExcedrin, Excedrin Extra Strength, Excedrin Migraine
How Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interacts with Honeybee Propolis with Elderberry — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PropolisCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, high doses of propolis might increase blood levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Propolis + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionCocoa, PowderAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Stimulant Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cocoa may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Cocoa, Powder + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionWheat GermCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, wheatgrass might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Wheat Germ + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionCarob PowderOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, carob might also impair the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Carob Powder + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionHoney GranulesAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, honey may increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Honey Granules + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionAcetaminophen, Brompheniramine, PhenylpropanolamineDimetapp Cold and Flu
How Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interacts with Honeybee Propolis with Elderberry — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Cocoa, PowderStimulant Drugs, Phenylpropanolamine Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase stimulant adverse effects.
Read the full Cocoa, Powder + Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionWheat GermCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, wheatgrass might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Wheat Germ + Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionPropolisCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, high doses of propolis might increase blood levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Propolis + Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionCarob PowderOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, carob might also impair the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Carob Powder + Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionAcetaminophen, ButalbitalAxocet, Bancap, Bucet, Butex Forte, Esgic CF, Orbivan CF +5 more
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital interacts with Honeybee Propolis with Elderberry — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PropolisCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, propolis might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Propolis + Acetaminophen, Butalbital interactionWheat GermCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, wheatgrass might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Wheat Germ + Acetaminophen, Butalbital interactionCarob PowderOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, carob might also impair the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Carob Powder + Acetaminophen, Butalbital interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, CaffeineEsgic, Esgic Plus, Fiogesic, Fioricet, Repan, Tecnal +1 more
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interacts with Honeybee Propolis with Elderberry — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PropolisCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, high doses of propolis might increase blood levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Propolis + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionWheat GermCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, wheatgrass might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Wheat Germ + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionCocoa, PowderStimulant Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase stimulant adverse effects.
Read the full Cocoa, Powder + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionCarob PowderOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, carob might also impair the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Carob Powder + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionHoney GranulesCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, honey might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but research is conflicting.
Read the full Honey Granules + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, CodeineEsgic with Codeine, Fioricet w/ Codeine
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interacts with Honeybee Propolis with Elderberry — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Cocoa, PowderStimulant Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase stimulant adverse effects.
Read the full Cocoa, Powder + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionWheat GermCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, wheatgrass might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Wheat Germ + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionPropolisCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, high doses of propolis might increase blood levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Propolis + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionCarob PowderOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, carob might also impair the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Carob Powder + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionHoney GranulesCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, honey might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but research is conflicting.
Read the full Honey Granules + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, CodeineBancap w/ Codeine
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interacts with Honeybee Propolis with Elderberry — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PropolisCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, propolis might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Propolis + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interactionWheat GermCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, wheatgrass might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Wheat Germ + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interactionCarob PowderOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, carob might also impair the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Carob Powder + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine PhosphatePhrenilin #3
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interacts with Honeybee Propolis with Elderberry — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PropolisCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, high doses of propolis might increase blood levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Propolis + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interactionWheat GermCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, wheatgrass might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Wheat Germ + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interactionCarob PowderOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, carob might also impair the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Carob Powder + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, PhenylephrineHycomine Compound
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interacts with Honeybee Propolis with Elderberry — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Wheat GermCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, wheatgrass might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Wheat Germ + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionCocoa, PowderStimulant Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase stimulant adverse effects.
Read the full Cocoa, Powder + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionPropolisCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, high doses of propolis might increase blood levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Propolis + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionCarob PowderOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, carob might also impair the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Carob Powder + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionHoney GranulesCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, honey might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but research is conflicting.
Read the full Honey Granules + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, CodeineGesic C15, Gesic C30, Gesic C8, Lenoltec 1, Lenoltec 2, Lenoltec 3 +1 more
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interacts with Honeybee Propolis with Elderberry — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PropolisCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, propolis might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Propolis + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionCocoa, PowderStimulant Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase stimulant adverse effects.
Read the full Cocoa, Powder + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionWheat GermCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, wheatgrass might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Wheat Germ + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionHoney GranulesCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, honey might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but research is conflicting.
Read the full Honey Granules + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionCarob PowderOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, carob might also impair the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Carob Powder + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, SalicylamideCodalan No.1, Codalan No.2, Codalan No.3
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interacts with Honeybee Propolis with Elderberry — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PropolisCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, high doses of propolis might increase blood levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Propolis + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionWheat GermCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, wheatgrass might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Wheat Germ + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionCocoa, PowderStimulant Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase stimulant adverse effects.
Read the full Cocoa, Powder + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionCarob PowderOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, carob might also impair the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Carob Powder + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionHoney GranulesCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, honey might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but research is conflicting.
Read the full Honey Granules + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, DihydrocodeineDHC Plus, Panlor DC, Panlor SS
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interacts with Honeybee Propolis with Elderberry — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Cocoa, PowderStimulant Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase stimulant adverse effects.
Read the full Cocoa, Powder + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionWheat GermCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, wheatgrass might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Wheat Germ + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionPropolisCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, high doses of propolis might increase blood levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Propolis + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionCarob PowderOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, carob might also impair the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Carob Powder + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionHoney GranulesCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, honey might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but research is conflicting.
Read the full Honey Granules + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, IsomethepteneMigralam
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interacts with Honeybee Propolis with Elderberry — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PropolisCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, propolis might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Propolis + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionWheat GermCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, wheatgrass might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Wheat Germ + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionCocoa, PowderStimulant Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase stimulant adverse effects.
Read the full Cocoa, Powder + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionHoney GranulesCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, honey might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but research is conflicting.
Read the full Honey Granules + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionCarob PowderOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, carob might also impair the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Carob Powder + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, PyrilamineMidol Max Strength Menstrual
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interacts with Honeybee Propolis with Elderberry — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PropolisCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, high doses of propolis might increase blood levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Propolis + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionCocoa, PowderDiuretic Drugs, Stimulant Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, using cocoa with diuretic drugs might increase the risk of hypokalemia.
Read the full Cocoa, Powder + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionWheat GermCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, wheatgrass might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Wheat Germ + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionCarob PowderOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, carob might also impair the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Carob Powder + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionHoney GranulesCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, honey might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but research is conflicting.
Read the full Honey Granules + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan HbrVicks Formula 44M Cough, Cold & Flu Relief
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interacts with Honeybee Propolis with Elderberry — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Wheat GermCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, wheatgrass might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Wheat Germ + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionPropolisCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, high doses of propolis might increase blood levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Propolis + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionCarob PowderOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, carob might also impair the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Carob Powder + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionHoney GranulesCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, honey might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but research is conflicting.
Read the full Honey Granules + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, PhenylephrineColrex
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interacts with Honeybee Propolis with Elderberry — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PropolisCytochrome P450 2e1 (cyp2e1) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, propolis might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Read the full Propolis + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionWheat GermCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, wheatgrass might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Wheat Germ + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionCocoa, PowderStimulant Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase stimulant adverse effects.
Read the full Cocoa, Powder + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionHoney GranulesCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, honey might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but research is conflicting.
Read the full Honey Granules + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionCarob PowderOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, carob might also impair the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Carob Powder + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, DextromethorphanCoricidin II Extra Strength Cold and Flu
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interacts with Honeybee Propolis with Elderberry — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PropolisCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, high doses of propolis might increase blood levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Propolis + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionWheat GermCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, wheatgrass might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Wheat Germ + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionCarob PowderOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, carob might also impair the absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Carob Powder + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionHoney GranulesCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, honey might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but research is conflicting.
Read the full Honey Granules + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Dextromethorphan interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in Honeybee Propolis with Elderberry with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Carob powder
Oral Drugs
Theoretically, carob might also impair the absorption of oral drugs.
Laboratory research shows that carob, when consumed as part of the diet or used as a thickening agent in infant formula, reduces the absorption of certain minerals. Take carob 30-60 minutes after oral medications.
Propolis
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, propolis might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
In vitro research shows that propolis water extract and the propolis constituent, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, can inhibit platelet aggregation. Additionally, evidence from an animal model shows that taking propolis in addition to warfarin decreases INR, suggesting that propolis can decrease the effectiveness of warfarin.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, high doses of propolis might increase blood levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
In vitro research shows that propolis extract can inhibit CYP1A2. However, animal research shows that propolis extract does not significantly affect CYP1A2 activity when administered to rats at doses up to 250 mg/kg. It is postulated that the constituents of propolis that inhibit CYP1A2 in vitro do not have significant effects in vivo due to low bioavailability and hepatic first-pass effect. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates
Theoretically, high doses of propolis might increase blood levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19.
In vitro research shows that propolis extract can inhibit CYP2C19. However, animal research shows that propolis extract does not significantly affect CYP2C19 activity when administered to rats at doses up to 250 mg/kg. It is postulated that the constituents of propolis that inhibit CYP2C19 in vitro do not have significant effects in vivo due to low bioavailability and hepatic first-pass effect. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates
Theoretically, high doses of propolis might increase blood levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
In vitro research shows that propolis extract can inhibit CYP2C9. However, animal research shows that propolis extract does not significantly affect CYP2C9 activity when administered to rats at doses up to 250 mg/kg. It is postulated that the constituents of propolis that inhibit CYP2C9 in vitro do not have significant effects in vivo due to low bioavailability and hepatic first-pass effect. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates
Theoretically, high doses of propolis might increase blood levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
In vitro research shows that propolis extract can inhibit CYP2D6. However, animal research shows that propolis extract does not significantly affect CYP2D6 activity when administered to rats at doses up to 250 mg/kg. It is postulated that the constituents of propolis that inhibit CYP2D6 in vitro do not have significant effects in vivo due to low bioavailability and hepatic first-pass effect. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (Cyp2E1) Substrates
Theoretically, propolis might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
In vitro research shows that propolis can inhibit CYP2E1. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, high doses of propolis might increase blood levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Some in vitro research shows that propolis extract can inhibit CYP3A4; however, other in vitro research shows that propolis has no effect on CYP3A4 activity. Furthermore, animal research shows that propolis extract does not significantly affect CYP3A4 activity when administered to rats at doses up to 250 mg/kg. It is postulated that the constituents of propolis that might in inhibit CYP3A4 in vitro do not have significant effects in vivo due to low bioavailability and hepatic first-pass effect. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, propolis might decrease the effectiveness of warfarin.
Animal research shows that taking propolis in addition to warfarin decreases the international normalized ratio (INR). This effect has not been reported in humans.
Honey Granules
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Theoretically, honey might increase levels of phenytoin.
In an animal model, the rate and extent of absorption of phenytoin was increased by honey. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, honey may increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro, honey inhibits platelet aggregation and increases the time to clotting. Furthermore, animal research suggests that feeding mice large doses of honey for 12 days increases bleeding time when compared with no intervention. However, these effects have not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, honey might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but research is conflicting.
Some clinical research shows that honey induces CYP3A4. However, other clinical studies found no effect on CYP3A4 activity. Different honey preparations may have different effects on CYP3A4.
Cocoa, Powder
Ace Inhibitors (Aceis)
Theoretically, taking cocoa with ACEIs might increase the risk of adverse effects.
Human research shows that dark chocolate can inhibit ACE. Additionally, prolonged angioedema in an elderly patient on an ACE inhibitor was precipitated with intake of diabetic chocolate.
Adenosine (Adenocard)
Theoretically, cocoa might decrease the vasodilatory effects of adenosine and interfere with its use prior to stress testing.
Cocoa contains caffeine. Caffeine is a competitive inhibitor of adenosine at the cellular level. However, caffeine does not seem to affect supplemental adenosine because high interstitial levels of adenosine overcome the antagonistic effects of caffeine. It is recommended that methylxanthines and methylxanthine-containing products be stopped 24 hours prior to pharmacological stress tests. However, methylxanthines appear more likely to interfere with dipyridamole than adenosine-induced stress testing.
Alcohol (Ethanol)
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase levels and adverse effects of caffeine.
Cocoa contains caffeine. Alcohol reduces caffeine metabolism. Concomitant use of alcohol can increase caffeine serum concentrations and the risk of caffeine adverse effects.
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, cocoa may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Clinical research shows that intake of cocoa can inhibit platelet adhesion, aggregation, and activity and increase aspirin-induced bleeding time. For patients on dual antiplatelet therapy, cocoa may enhance the inhibitory effect of clopidogrel, but not aspirin, on platelet aggregation.
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, taking cocoa with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Clinical research shows that cocoa can modestly decrease blood pressure in hypertensive and normotensive patients.
Beta-Adrenergic Agonists
Theoretically, large amounts of cocoa might increase the cardiac inotropic effects of beta-agonists.
Cocoa contains caffeine. Theoretically, large amounts of caffeine might increase cardiac inotropic effects of beta-agonists. A case of atrial fibrillation associated with consumption of large quantities of chocolate in a patient with chronic albuterol inhalation abuse has also been reported.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Inhibitors
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the levels and adverse effects of caffeine.
Cocoa contains caffeine. Caffeine is metabolized by cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2),. Theoretically, drugs that inhibit CYP1A2 may decrease the clearance rate of caffeine from cocoa and increase caffeine levels.
Dipyridamole (Persantine)
Theoretically, cocoa might decrease the vasodilatory effects of dipyridamole and interfere with its use prior to stress testing.
Cocoa contains caffeine. Caffeine may inhibit dipyridamole-induced vasodilation. It is recommended that methylxanthines and methylxanthine-containing products be stopped 24 hours prior to pharmacological stress tests. Methylxanthines appear more likely to interfere with dipyridamole than adenosine-induced stress testing.
Disulfiram (Antabuse)
Theoretically, disulfiram might increase the risk of adverse effects from caffeine.
Cocoa contains caffeine. In human research, disulfiram decreases the rate of caffeine clearance.
Diuretic Drugs
Theoretically, using cocoa with diuretic drugs might increase the risk of hypokalemia.
Cocoa contains caffeine. In excessive amounts, caffeine can reduce potassium levels due to stimulation of the sodium-potassium pump. Diuretics can also cause lower potassium levels.
Ephedrine
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the risk for stimulant adverse effects.
Cocoa contains caffeine. There is evidence that using ephedrine with caffeine might increase the risk of serious life-threatening or debilitating adverse effects such as hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, seizures, and death.
Estrogens
Theoretically, estrogens might increase the levels and adverse effects of caffeine.
Cocoa contains caffeine. Estrogen inhibits caffeine metabolism.
Flutamide (Eulexin)
Theoretically, cocoa might increase the levels and adverse effects of flutamide.
Cocoa contains caffeine. In vitro evidence suggests that caffeine can inhibit the metabolism of flutamide.
Fluvoxamine (Luvox)
Theoretically, fluvoxamine might increase the levels and adverse effects of caffeine.
Cocoa contains caffeine. Fluvoxamine reduces caffeine metabolism.
Lithium
Theoretically, abrupt cocoa withdrawal might increase the levels and adverse effects of lithium.
Cocoa contains caffeine. There are two case reports of lithium tremor that worsened upon abrupt coffee withdrawal.
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (Maois)
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the risk of a hypertensive crisis.
Cocoa contains caffeine. Large amounts of caffeine with MAOIs might precipitate a hypertensive crisis.
Nicotine
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the risk of hypertension.
Cocoa contains caffeine. Concomitant use of caffeine and nicotine has been shown to have additive cardiovascular effects, including increased heart rate and blood pressure. Blood pressure was increased by 10.8/12.4 mmHg when the agents were used concomitantly.
Pentobarbital (Nembutal)
Theoretically, cocoa might decrease the effects of pentobarbital.
Cocoa contains caffeine. Caffeine might negate the hypnotic effects of pentobarbital.
Phenobarbital (Luminal)
Theoretically, cocoa might reduce the effects of phenobarbital and increase the risk for convulsions.
Cocoa contains caffeine. Animal research suggests that caffeine can decrease the anticonvulsant activity of phenobarbital. The exact mechanism of this interaction is unclear.
Phenylpropanolamine
Theoretically, phenylpropanolamine might increase the risk of hypertension, as well as the levels and adverse effects of caffeine.
Cocoa contains caffeine. Concomitant use of phenylpropanolamine and caffeine might cause an additive increase in blood pressure. Phenylpropanolamine also seems to increase caffeine serum levels.
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Theoretically, cocoa might reduce the effects of phenytoin and increase the risk for convulsions.
Cocoa contains caffeine. Animal research suggests that caffeine can decrease the anticonvulsant activity of phenytoin. The effect does not seem to be related to the seizure threshold-lowering effects of caffeine. However, the exact mechanism of this interaction is unclear.
Quinolone Antibiotics
Theoretically, quinolone antibiotics might increase the levels and adverse effects of caffeine.
Cocoa contains caffeine. Quinolones (also referred to as fluoroquinolones) decrease caffeine clearance.
Riluzole (Rilutek)
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the levels and adverse effects of both caffeine and riluzole.
Cocoa contains caffeine. Caffeine and riluzole are both metabolized by cytochrome P450 1A2, and concomitant use might reduce metabolism of one or both agents.
Stimulant Drugs
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase stimulant adverse effects.
Cocoa contains caffeine. Concomitant use might increase the risk of stimulant adverse effects.
Theophylline
Theoretically, cocoa might increase the levels and adverse effects of theophylline.
Cocoa contains caffeine. Large amounts of caffeine might inhibit theophylline metabolism. Caffeine decreases theophylline clearance 23% to 29%.
Wheat Germ
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, taking wheatgrass with antidiabetes drugs might lower blood glucose levels and increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Animal research shows that taking wheatgrass stimulates the release of insulin from beta-cells and lowers blood glucose.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, wheatgrass might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research shows that wheatgrass induces CYP1A2 enzymes.
Elderberry Fruit Extract
Immunosuppressants
Theoretically, elderberry might interfere with immunosuppressant therapy due to its immunostimulant activity.
Elderberry has immunostimulant activity, increasing the production of cytokines, including interleukin and tumor necrosis factor.
Pazopanib (Votrient)
Theoretically, elderberry might interact with pazopanib, potentially increasing the risk of adverse effects.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for Honeybee Propolis with Elderberry, from the product label.
Nutrients for Health
- Name
- Vitamins Direct (USA), Inc.
- City
- West Palm Beach
- State
- FL
- ZipCode
- 33407
- Phone Number
- 866-354-8384
- Web Address
- www.wtrawleigh.com
Honeybee Propolis with Elderberry by Nutrients for Health: Common Questions
Does Honeybee Propolis with Elderberry by Nutrients for Health interact with any medications?
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Where does this information come from?
Is this safe to take if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
What is propolis, and why is it in this supplement?
Can this product actually help with my cold or cough?
What are the most common side effects?
Is there any risk if I'm allergic to bee products?
I take a diabetes medication. Can I use this?
Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
Not sure if Honeybee Propolis with Elderberry is safe with your meds?
Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.
Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind Honeybee Propolis with Elderberry’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Elderberry
Interacts with 121 drugsElderberry is a popular herbal supplement, mainly taken to help with colds and flu. Some small studies suggest it may modestly shorten cold or flu symptoms, but the evidence is limited and n...
Read the full Elderberry monograph → Herb & supplement monographCarob
Interacts with 2,022 drugsCarob is a Mediterranean tree whose pods are widely used as a caffeine-free, naturally sweet cocoa alternative and as a thickener (carob gum). It is mostly eaten as a food and is generally w...
Read the full Carob monograph → Herb & supplement monographCocoa
Interacts with 661 drugsCocoa is rich in plant compounds called flavanols that may modestly support blood vessel function and blood pressure, but most chocolate products are high in sugar, fat, and calories, which...
Read the full Cocoa monograph → Herb & supplement monographPropolis
Interacts with 921 drugsPropolis is a natural, resin-like substance made by bees that has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties in lab studies. Early research suggests it may help with cold sores, mouth so...
Read the full Propolis monograph → Herb & supplement monographHoney
Interacts with 736 drugsHoney is a natural food with some real, modest evidence for easing coughs and helping certain wounds, especially when special medical-grade or Manuka honey is used. It is generally safe for...
Read the full Honey monograph → Herb & supplement monographWheatgrass
Interacts with 272 drugsWheatgrass is the young grass of the wheat plant, taken as a juice or powder, and is mainly used as a concentrated source of vitamins and plant nutrients. Solid scientific evidence for most...
Read the full Wheatgrass monograph →Sources & How We Checked
Honeybee Propolis with Elderberry's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 200 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Elderberry 6 references
- Barak V, Halperin T, Kalickman I. The effect of Sambucol, a black elderberry-based, natural product, on the production of human cytokines: I. Inflammatory cytokines. Eur Cytokine Netw 2001;12:290-6..
- Elderberry (Sambucus species). The Poison Plant Patch, Novia Scotia Museum, 2007. Available at: http://museum.gov.ns.ca/poison/?section=species&id=117 (Accessed 16 October 2009).
- European elder. Canadian Poisonous Plants Information System. Available at: http://www.cbif.gc.ca/pls/pp/ppack.jump?p_null=all&p_psn=121&p_type=all&p_sci=comm&p_x=px (Accessed 16 October 2009).
- Raus K, Pleschka S, Klein P, Schoop R, Fisher P. Effect of an echinacea-based hot drink versus oseltamivir in Influenza treatment: a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, multicenter, noninferiority clinical trial. . Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 2015;20;77:6 PubMed
- Ramachandran A, Antala D, Pudasainee P, Panginikkod S, Gupta H. A Plausible Association Between the Use of Elderberry and Autoimmune Hepatitis. Cureus 2022;14(4):e24250. PubMed
- Agarwal N, Mangla A. Elderberry interaction with pazopanib in a patient with soft-tissue sarcoma: A case report and literature review. Mol Clin Oncol 2024;20(5):36. PubMed
Carob 9 references
- Savino, F., Muratore, M. C., Silvestro, L., Oggero, R., and Mostert, M. Allergy to carob gum in an infant. J.Pediatr.Gastroenterol.Nutr. 1999;29(4):475-476. DOI
- Bosscher, D., Caillie-Bertrand, M., and Deelstra, H. Effect of thickening agents, based on soluble dietary fiber, on the availability of calcium, iron, and zinc from infant formulas. Nutrition 2001;17(7-8):614-618. PubMed
- van, der Brempt, X, Ledent, C., and Mairesse, M. Rhinitis and asthma caused by occupational exposure to carob bean flour. J.Allergy Clin.Immunol. 1992;90(6 Pt 1):1008-1010. PubMed
- Clarke, P. and Robinson, M. J. Thickening milk feeds may cause necrotising enterocolitis. Arch Dis.Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2004;89(3):F280. PubMed
- Harmuth-Hoene, A. E. and Schelenz, R. Effect of dietary fiber on mineral absorption in growing rats. J Nutr 1980;110(9):1774-1784. PubMed
- Scoditti, A., Peluso, P., Pezzuto, R., Giordano, T., and Melica, A. Asthma to carob bean flour. Ann.Allergy Asthma Immunol. 1996;77(1):81. PubMed
- Komericki P, Kränke B. Immediate hypersensitivity to carob pods. Contact Dermatitis. 2009;61(4):239-40. PubMed
- Bosscher D, Van Caillie-Bertrand M, Van Cauwenbergh R, Deelstra H. Availabilities of calcium, iron, and zinc from dairy infant formulas is affected by soluble dietary fibers and modified starch fractions. Nutrition. 2003;19(7-8):641-5. PubMed
- Jedrzejczyk M, Bartnik K, Funkowicz M, Toporowska-Kowalska E. FPIES Induced by Locust Bean Gum in an Infant. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2020;30(3):197-199. PubMed
Cocoa 119 references
- The Review of Natural Products by Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO: Wolters Kluwer Co., 1999.
- Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics. 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
- McEvoy GK, ed. AHFS Drug Information. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1998.
- Burnham TH, ed. Drug Facts and Comparisons, Updated Monthly. Facts and Comparisons, St. Louis, MO.
- Harder S, Fuhr U, Staib AH, Wolff T. Ciprofloxacin-caffeine: a drug interaction established using in vivo and in vitro investigations. Am J Med 1989;87:89S-91S. PubMed
- Carbo M, Segura J, De la Torre R, et al. Effect of quinolones on caffeine disposition. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1989;45:234-40. PubMed
- Healy DP, Polk RE, Kanawati L, et al. Interaction between oral ciprofloxacin and caffeine in normal volunteers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1989;33:474-8. PubMed
- Mester R, Toren P, Mizrachi I, et al. Caffeine withdrawal increases lithium blood levels. Biol Psychiatry 1995;37:348-50. PubMed
- Jefferson JW. Lithium tremor and caffeine intake: two cases of drinking less and shaking more. J Clin Psychiatry 1988;49:72-3.
- Joeres R, Klinker H, Heusler H, et al. Influence of mexiletine on caffeine elimination. Pharmacol Ther 1987;33:163-9. PubMed
- Vahedi K, Domingo V, Amarenco P, Bousser MG. Ischemic stroke in a sportsman who consumed MaHuang extract and creatine monohydrate for bodybuilding. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 2000;68:112-3.
- Baron AM, Donnerstein RL, Samson RA, et al. Hemodynamic and electrophysiologic effects of acute chocolate ingestion in young adults. Am J Cardiol 1999;84:370-3. PubMed
- Friedman G. Diet and the irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1991;20:313-24. DOI
- The National Toxicology Program (NTP). Caffeine. Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction (CERHR). Available at: http://cerhr.niehs.nih.gov/common/caffeine.html.
- Pollock BG, Wylie M, Stack JA, et al. Inhibition of caffeine metabolism by estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. J Clin Pharmacol 1999;39:936-40. PubMed
- Peirce A. The American Pharmaceutical Association Practical Guide to Natural Medicines. New York, NY: William Morrow and Co., 1999.
- Weisburger JH. Tea and health: the underlying mechanisms. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1999;220:271-5. PubMed
- Briggs GB, Freeman RK, Yaffe SJ. Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1998.
- Hagg S, Spigset O, Mjorndal T, Dahlqvist R. Effect of caffeine on clozapine pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2000;49:59-63. PubMed
- American Academy of Pediatrics. The transfer of drugs and other chemicals into human milk. Pediatrics 2001;108:776-89. PubMed
- Dietrich R, Paglieroni TG, Wun T, et al. Cocoa inhibits platelet activation and function. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;72:30-5. PubMed
- Sinclair CJ, Geiger JD. Caffeine use in sports. A pharmacological review. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2000;40:71-9.
- Haller CA, Benowitz NL. Adverse cardiovascular and central nervous system events associated with dietary supplements containing ephedra alkaloids. N Engl J Med 2000;343:1833-8. PubMed
- Kockler DR, McCarthy MW, Lawson CL. Seizure activity and unresponsiveness after hydroxycut ingestion. Pharmacotherapy 2001;21:647-51.. PubMed
- Nix D, Zelenitsky S, Symonds W, et al. The effect of fluconazole on the pharmacokinetics of caffeine in young and elderly subjects. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1992;51:183. DOI
- Nawrot P, Jordan S, Eastwood J, et al. Effects of caffeine on human health. Food Addit Contam 2003;20:1-30. PubMed
- Abernethy DR, Todd EL. Impairment of caffeine clearance by chronic use of low-dose oestrogen-containing oral contraceptives. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1985;28:425-8. PubMed
- Brown NJ, Ryder D, Branch RA. A pharmacodynamic interaction between caffeine and phenylpropanolamine. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1991;50:363-71. PubMed
- Sanderink GJ, Bournique B, Stevens J, et al. Involvement of human CYP1A isoenzymes in the metabolism and drug interactions of riluzole in vitro. Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997;282:1465-72. DOI
- Wahllander A, Paumgartner G. Effect of ketoconazole and terbinafine on the pharmacokinetics of caffeine in healthy volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1989;37:279-83. PubMed
- Carrillo JA, Benitez J. Clinically significant pharmacokinetic interactions between dietary caffeine and medications. Clin Pharmacokinet 2000;39:127-53. PubMed
- Underwood DA. Which medications should be held before a pharmacologic or exercise stress test? Cleve Clin J Med 2002;69:449-50. PubMed
- Aqel RA, Zoghbi GJ, Trimm JR, et al. Effect of caffeine administered intravenously on intracoronary-administered adenosine-induced coronary hemodynamics in patients with coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 2004;93:343-6. PubMed
- Zheng XM, Williams RC. Serum caffeine levels after 24-hour abstention: clinical implications on dipyridamole (201)Tl myocardial perfusion imaging. J Nucl Med Technol 2002;30:123-7.
- Institute of Medicine. Caffeine for the Sustainment of Mental Task Performance: Formulations for Military Operations. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2001. Available at: http://books.nap.edu/books/0309082587/html/index.html. DOI
- Beach CA, Mays DC, Guiler RC, et al. Inhibition of elimination of caffeine by disulfiram in normal subjects and recovering alcoholics. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1986;39:265-70. PubMed
- Vlachopoulos C, Aznaouridis K, Alexopoulos N, et al. Effect of dark chocolate on arterial function in healthy individuals. Am J Hypertens 2005;18:785-91.. PubMed
- Taubert D, Berkels R, Roesen R, Klaus W. Chocolate and blood pressure in elderly individuals with isolated systolic hypertension. JAMA 2003;290:1029-30.. PubMed
- Forrest WH Jr, Bellville JW, Brown BW Jr. The interaction of caffeine with pentobarbital as a nighttime hypnotic. Anesthesiology 1972;36:37-41. PubMed
- Lake CR, Rosenberg DB, Gallant S, et al. Phenylpropanolamine increases plasma caffeine levels. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1990;47:675-85. PubMed
- Grassi D, Necozione S, Lippi C, et al. Cocoa reduces blood pressure and insulin resistance and improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation in hypertensives. Hypertension 2005;46:398-405. PubMed
- Taubert D, Roesen R, Schomig E. Effect of cocoa and tea intake on blood pressure: a meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med 2007;167:626-34. PubMed
- Taubert D, Roesen R, Lehmann C, et al. Effects of low habitual cocoa intake on blood pressure and bioactive nitric oxide: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2007;298:49-60. PubMed
- Weng X, Odouli R, Li DK. Maternal caffeine consumption during pregnancy and the risk of miscarriage: a prospective cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2008;198:279.e1-8. PubMed
- Flammer AJ, Hermann F, Sudano I, et al. Dark chocolate improves coronary vasomotion and reduces platelet reactivity. Circulation 2007;116:2376-82. PubMed
- Hooper L, Kay C, Abdelhamid A, et al. Effects of chocolate, cocoa, and flavan-3-ols on cardiovascular health: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2012;95:740-51. PubMed
- Desideri G, Kwik-Uribe C, Grassi D, et al. Benefits in cognitive function, blood pressure, and insulin resistance through cocoa flavanol consumption in elderly subjects with mild cognitive impairment: the Cocoa, Cognition, and Aging (CoCoA) study. Hyperte PubMed
- Shet, M. S., McPhaul, M., Fisher, C. W., Stallings, N. R., and Estabrook, R. W. Metabolism of the antiandrogenic drug (Flutamide) by human CYP1A2. Drug Metab Dispos. 1997;25(11):1298-1303.
- Kot, M. and Daniel, W. A. Effect of diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) and ticlopidine on CYP1A2 activity and caffeine metabolism: an in vitro comparative study with human cDNA-expressed CYP1A2 and liver microsomes. Pharmacol Rep. 2009;61(6):1216-1220. PubMed
- Gasior, M., Borowicz, K., Buszewicz, G., Kleinrok, Z., and Czuczwar, S. J. Anticonvulsant activity of phenobarbital and valproate against maximal electroshock in mice during chronic treatment with caffeine and caffeine discontinuation. Epilepsia 1996;37(3 PubMed
- Jankiewicz, K., Chroscinska-Krawczyk, M., Blaszczyk, B., and Czuczwar, S. J. [Caffeine and antiepileptic drugs: experimental and clinical data]. Przegl.Lek. 2007;64(11):965-967.
- Chroscinska-Krawczyk, M., Jargiello-Baszak, M., Walek, M., Tylus, B., and Czuczwar, S. J. Caffeine and the anticonvulsant potency of antiepileptic drugs: experimental and clinical data. Pharmacol.Rep. 2011;63(1):12-18. PubMed
- Mohiuddin, M., Azam, A. T., Amran, M. S., and Hossain, M. A. In vive effects of gliclazide and metformin on the plasma concentration of caffeine in healthy rats. Pak.J Biol Sci 5-1-2009;12(9):734-737.
- Mays, D. C., Camisa, C., Cheney, P., Pacula, C. M., Nawoot, S., and Gerber, N. Methoxsalen is a potent inhibitor of the metabolism of caffeine in humans. Clin.Pharmacol.Ther. 1987;42(6):621-626. PubMed
- Wojcikowski, J. and Daniel, W. A. Perazine at therapeutic drug concentrations inhibits human cytochrome P450 isoenzyme 1A2 (CYP1A2) and caffeine metabolism--an in vitro study. Pharmacol Rep. 2009;61(5):851-858. PubMed
- Daniel, W. A., Syrek, M., Rylko, Z., and Kot, M. Effects of phenothiazine neuroleptics on the rate of caffeine demethylation and hydroxylation in the rat liver. Pol.J Pharmacol 2001;53(6):615-621.
- Norager, C. B., Jensen, M. B., Weimann, A., and Madsen, M. R. Metabolic effects of caffeine ingestion and physical work in 75-year old citizens. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2006;65(2):223-228. PubMed
- Wang, X. and Yeung, J. H. Effects of the aqueous extract from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge on caffeine pharmacokinetics and liver microsomal CYP1A2 activity in humans and rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010;62(8):1077-1083.
- Zubair, M. H., Zubair, M. H., Zubair, M. N., Zubair, M. M., Aftab, T., and Asad, F. Augmentation of anti-platelet effects of aspirin. J Pak Med.Assoc. 2011;61(3):304-307.
- Kot M, Daniel WA. Caffeine as a marker substrate for testing cytochrome P450 activity in human and rat. Pharmacol Rep 2008;60:789-97.
- Kjaerstad MB, Nielsen F, Nohr-Jensen L, et al. Systemic uptake of miconazole during vaginal suppository use and effect on CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 associated enzyme activities in women. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2010;66:1189-97. PubMed
- Goh BC, Reddy NJ, Dandamudi UB, et al. An evaluation of the drug interaction potential of pazopanib, an oral vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, using a modified Cooperstown 5+1 cocktail in patients with advanced solid t
- Chen Y, Kang Z, Yan J, et al. Liu wei di huang wan, a well-known traditional Chinese medicine induces CYP1A2 while suppressing CYP2A6 and N-acetyltransferase 2 acivities in man. J Ethnopharmacol 2010;132:213-8.
- Suzuki S, Murayama Y, Sugiyama E, et al. Estimating pediatric doses of drugs metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozymes, based on physiological liver development and serum protein levels. Yakugaku Zasshi 2010;130:613-20. PubMed
- Chien CF, Wu YT, Lee WC, et al. Herb-drug interaction of Andrographis paniculata extract and andrographolide on the pharmacokinetics of theophylline in rats. Chem Biol Interact 2010;184:458-65. PubMed
- Mills BM, Zaya MJ, Walters RR, et al. Current cytochrome P450 phenotyping methods applied to metabolic drug -drug interaction prediction in dogs. Drug Metab Dispos 2010;38:396-404. PubMed
- Turpault S, Brian W, Van Horn R, et al. Pharmacokinetic assessment of a five-probe cocktail for CYPs 1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, and 3A. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2009;68:928-35. PubMed
- Filimonova AA, Ziganshina LE, Ziganshin AU, Chichirov AA. On the possibility of patient phenotyping on the basis of cytochrome p-450 1A2 isoenzyme activity using caffeine as the test substrate. Eksp Klin Farmakol 2009;72:61-5.
- Jenkins J, Williams D, Deng Y, et al. Eltrombopag, an oral thrombopoietin receptor agonist, has no impact on the pharmacokinetic profile of probe drugs for cytochrome P450 isoenzymes CYP3A4, CYP1A2, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 in healthy men: a cocktail analysis.
- Smits, P., Temme, L., and Thien, T. The cardiovascular interaction between caffeine and nicotine in humans. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1993;54(2):194-204. PubMed
- Chroscinska-Krawczyk, M., Ratnaraj, N., Patsalos, P. N., and Czuczwar, S. J. Effect of caffeine on the anticonvulsant effects of oxcarbazepine, lamotrigine and tiagabine in a mouse model of generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Pharmacol Rep. 2009;61(5):819 PubMed
- Simmonds, M. J., Minahan, C. L., and Sabapathy, S. Caffeine improves supramaximal cycling but not the rate of anaerobic energy release. Eur.J Appl Physiol 2010;109(2):287-295. PubMed
- Rigato, I., Blarasin, L., and Kette, F. Severe hypokalemia in 2 young bicycle riders due to massive caffeine intake. Clin J Sport Med. 2010;20(2):128-130. PubMed
- Ernest, D., Chia, M., and Corallo, C. E. Profound hypokalaemia due to Nurofen Plus and Red Bull misuse. Crit Care Resusc. 2010;12(2):109-110. DOI
- Clausen, T. Hormonal and pharmacological modification of plasma potassium homeostasis. Fundam.Clin Pharmacol 2010;24(5):595-605. PubMed
- Perera, V., Gross, A. S., and McLachlan, A. J. Caffeine and paraxanthine HPLC assay for CYP1A2 phenotype assessment using saliva and plasma. Biomed.Chromatogr. 2010;24(10):1136-1144. PubMed
- Lee, A. and Storey, D. M. Comparative gastrointestinal tolerance of sucrose, lactitol, or D-tagatose in chocolate. Regul.Toxicol.Pharmacol. 1999;29(2 Pt 2):S78-S82.
- Rein, D., Paglieroni, T. G., Wun, T., Pearson, D. A., Schmitz, H. H., Gosselin, R., and Keen, C. L. Cocoa inhibits platelet activation and function. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;72(1):30-35. PubMed
- Todd, S., Corsnitz, D., Ray, S., and Nassar, J. Outpatient laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication. AORN J 2002;75(5):956, 959-4. PubMed
- Pearson, D. A., Paglieroni, T. G., Rein, D., Wun, T., Schramm, D. D., Wang, J. F., Holt, R. R., Gosselin, R., Schmitz, H. H., and Keen, C. L. The effects of flavanol-rich cocoa and aspirin on ex vivo platelet function. Thromb.Res 5-15-2002;106(4-5):191-1 PubMed
- Murphy, K. J., Chronopoulos, A. K., Singh, I., Francis, M. A., Moriarty, H., Pike, M. J., Turner, A. H., Mann, N. J., and Sinclair, A. J. Dietary flavanols and procyanidin oligomers from cocoa (Theobroma cacao) inhibit platelet function. Am J Clin Nutr 2 PubMed
- Innes, A. J., Kennedy, G., McLaren, M., Bancroft, A. J., and Belch, J. J. Dark chocolate inhibits platelet aggregation in healthy volunteers. Platelets. 2003;14(5):325-327. PubMed
- Castell, D. O., Murray, J. A., Tutuian, R., Orlando, R. C., and Arnold, R. Review article: the pathophysiology of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease - oesophageal manifestations. Aliment.Pharmacol.Ther. 2004;20 Suppl 9:14-25. PubMed
- Zumbe, A. and Brinkworth, R. A. Comparative studies of gastrointestinal tolerance and acceptability of milk chocolate containing either sucrose, isomalt or sorbitol in healthy consumers and type II diabetics. Z.Ernahrungswiss. 1992;31(1):40-48. PubMed
- Hermann, F., Spieker, L. E., Ruschitzka, F., Sudano, I., Hermann, M., Binggeli, C., Luscher, T. F., Riesen, W., Noll, G., and Corti, R. Dark chocolate improves endothelial and platelet function. Heart 2006;92(1):119-120.
- Kaltenbach, T., Crockett, S., and Gerson, L. B. Are lifestyle measures effective in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease? An evidence-based approach. Arch.Intern.Med 5-8-2006;166(9):965-971. PubMed
- Heptinstall, S., May, J., Fox, S., Kwik-Uribe, C., and Zhao, L. Cocoa flavanols and platelet and leukocyte function: recent in vitro and ex vivo studies in healthy adults. J Cardiovasc.Pharmacol. 2006;47 Suppl 2:S197-S205. PubMed
- Feldens, C. A., Vitolo, M. R., and Drachler, Mde L. A randomized trial of the effectiveness of home visits in preventing early childhood caries. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2007;35(3):215-223. PubMed
- Kannayiram, A., Rezaie, A., and Hadi, S. Chocolate-induced prolonged angiooedema in an elderly patient. Age Ageing 2008;37(4):479-480. PubMed
- Hooper, L., Kroon, P. A., Rimm, E. B., Cohn, J. S., Harvey, I., Le Cornu, K. A., Ryder, J. J., Hall, W. L., and Cassidy, A. Flavonoids, flavonoid-rich foods, and cardiovascular risk: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;88 PubMed
- Hamed, M. S., Gambert, S., Bliden, K. P., Bailon, O., Singla, A., Antonino, M. J., Hamed, F., Tantry, U. S., and Gurbel, P. A. Dark chocolate effect on platelet activity, C-reactive protein and lipid profile: a pilot study. South.Med J 2008;101(12):1203- PubMed
- Patane, S., Marte, F., La Rosa, F. C., and Rocca, R. L. Atrial fibrillation associated with chocolate intake abuse and chronic salbutamol inhalation abuse. Int J Cardiol. 1-24-2009; PubMed
- Ried, K., Frank, O. R., and Stocks, N. P. Dark chocolate or tomato extract for prehypertension: a randomised controlled trial. BMC.Complement Altern.Med. 2009;9:22. PubMed
- Desch, S., Schmidt, J., Kobler, D., Sonnabend, M., Eitel, I., Sareban, M., Rahimi, K., Schuler, G., and Thiele, H. Effect of cocoa products on blood pressure: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Hypertens. 2010;23(1):97-103. PubMed
- Davison, K., Berry, N. M., Misan, G., Coates, A. M., Buckley, J. D., and Howe, P. R. Dose-related effects of flavanol-rich cocoa on blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens. 2010;24(9):568-576. PubMed
- Desch, S., Kobler, D., Schmidt, J., Sonnabend, M., Adams, V., Sareban, M., Eitel, I., Bluher, M., Schuler, G., and Thiele, H. Low vs. higher-dose dark chocolate and blood pressure in cardiovascular high-risk patients. Am J Hypertens. 2010;23(6):694-700. PubMed
- Ried, K., Sullivan, T., Fakler, P., Frank, O. R., and Stocks, N. P. Does chocolate reduce blood pressure? A meta-analysis. BMC.Med 2010;8:39. PubMed
- van den Bogaard, B., Draijer, R., Westerhof, B. E., van den Meiracker, A. H., van Montfrans, G. A., and van den Born, B. J. Effects on Peripheral and Central Blood Pressure of Cocoa With Natural or High-Dose Theobromine. A Randomized, Double-Blind Crosso DOI
- Persson, I. A., Persson, K., Hagg, S., and Andersson, R. G. Effects of cocoa extract and dark chocolate on angiotensin-converting enzyme and nitric oxide in human endothelial cells and healthy volunteers--a nutrigenomics perspective. J Cardiovasc.Pharmac PubMed
- Khan, N., Monagas, M., Andres-Lacueva, C., Casas, R., Urpi-Sarda, M., Lamuela-Raventos, R. M., and Estruch, R. Regular consumption of cocoa powder with milk increases HDL cholesterol and reduces oxidized LDL levels in subjects at high-risk of cardiovascu
- Listl, S. Family composition and children's dental health behavior: evidence from Germany. J Public Health Dent. 2011;71(2):91-101. PubMed
- Shrime, M. G., Bauer, S. R., McDonald, A. C., Chowdhury, N. H., Coltart, C. E., and Ding, E. L. Flavonoid-rich cocoa consumption affects multiple cardiovascular risk factors in a meta-analysis of short-term studies. J Nutr 2011;141(11):1982-1988. PubMed
- Sudarma, V., Sukmaniah, S., and Siregar, P. Effect of dark chocolate on nitric oxide serum levels and blood pressure in prehypertension subjects. Acta Med.Indones. 2011;43(4):224-228.
- Flammer, A. J., Sudano, I., Wolfrum, M., Thomas, R., Enseleit, F., Periat, D., Kaiser, P., Hirt, A., Hermann, M., Serafini, M., Leveques, A., Luscher, T. F., Ruschitzka, F., Noll, G., and Corti, R. Cardiovascular effects of flavanol-rich chocolate in pat
- Wolz, M., Schleiffer, C., Klingelhofer, L., Schneider, C., Proft, F., Schwanebeck, U., Reichmann, H., Riederer, P., and Storch, A. Comparison of chocolate to cacao-free white chocolate in Parkinson's disease: a single-dose, investigator-blinded, placebo-
- Ried, K., Sullivan, T. R., Fakler, P., Frank, O. R., and Stocks, N. P. Effect of cocoa on blood pressure. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2012;8:CD008893. PubMed
- Rossner, S. Chocolate--divine food, fattening junk or nutritious supplementation? Eur.J Clin.Nutr. 1997;51(6):341-345. PubMed
- Storey, D. M., Koutsou, G. A., Lee, A., Zumbe, A., Olivier, P., Le Bot, Y., and Flourie, B. Tolerance and breath hydrogen excretion following ingestion of maltitol incorporated at two levels into milk chocolate consumed by healthy young adults with and w
- Izzo, A. A. and Ernst, E. Interactions between herbal medicines and prescribed drugs: an updated systematic review. Drugs 2009;69(13):1777-1798. PubMed
- Ottaviani JI, Balz M, Kimball J, et al. Safety and efficacy of cocoa fl avanol intake in healthy adults: a randomized, controlled, double-masked trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2015;102(6):1425-35.
- Wikoff D, Welsh BT, Henderson R, et al. Systematic review of the potential adverse effects of caffeine consumption in healthy adults, pregnant women, adolescents, and children. Food Chem Toxicol 2017;109:585-648. PubMed
- United States Department of Agriculture Research Service. National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference. Basic Report: 19165, Cocoa, dry powder, unsweetened. https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/foods/show/19165. Updated April 2018. Accessed September 16, 20
- Jafarnejad S, Salek M, Clark CCT. Cocoa consumption and blood pressure in middle-aged and elderly subjects: a meta-analysis. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2020;22(1):1. PubMed
- Balayssac-Siransy E, Ouattara S, Boka KJM, et al. Dose-effect relation between regular consumption of 100% cocoa powder and blood pressure in young, healthy black Africans. Physiol Rep 2021;9(20):e15070. PubMed
- Gleason JL, Sundaram R, Mitro SD, et al. Association of maternal caffeine consumption during pregnancy with child growth. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(10):e2239609. PubMed
- Devi P, Bajala V, Garg VK, Mor S, Ravindra K. Heavy metal content in various types of candies and their daily dietary intake by children. Environ Monit Assess. 2016;188(2):86. PubMed
- Abt E, Robin LP. Perspective on cadmium and lead in cocoa and chocolate. J Agric Food Chem. 2020;68(46):13008-13015. PubMed
- Consumer Reports. Lead and cadmium could be in your dark chocolate. December 2022. Available at: https://www.consumerreports.org/health/food-safety/lead-and-cadmium-in-dark-chocolate-a8480295550/. Accessed February 1, 2023.
- Seecheran NA, Sukha D, Grimaldos K, et al. Effect of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) on platelet function testing profiles in patients with coronary artery disease: ECLAIR pilot study. Open Heart 2022;9(2):e002066.
Propolis 21 references
- Hay KD, Greig DE. Propolis allergy: a cause of oral mucositis with ulceration. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1990;70:584-6. PubMed
- Li YJ, Lin JL, Yang CW, Yu CC. Acute renal failure induced by a Brazilian variety of propolis. Am J Kidney Dis 2005;46:e125-9. PubMed
- Jensen CD, Andersen KE. Allergic contact dermatitis from cera alba (purified propolis) in a lip balm and candy. Contact Dermatitis 2006;55:312-3. PubMed
- Chen, T. G., Lee, J. J., Lin, K. H., Shen, C. H., Chou, D. S., and Sheu, J. R. Antiplatelet activity of caffeic acid phenethyl ester is mediated through a cyclic GMP-dependent pathway in human platelets. Chin J Physiol 6-30-2007;50(3):121-126.
- Hsu, C. Y., Chiang, W. C., Weng, T. I., Chen, W. J., and Yuan, A. Laryngeal edema and anaphalactic shock after topical propolis use for acute pharyngitis. Am J Emerg.Med 2004;22(5):432-433. PubMed
- Black, R. J. Vulval eczema associated with propolis sensitization from topical therapies treated successfully with pimecrolimus cream. Clin Exp.Dermatol. 2005;30(1):91-92. PubMed
- Matos D, Serrano P, Brandao FM. A case of allergic contact dermatitis caused by propolis-enriched honey. Contact Dermatitis 2015;72(1):59-60. PubMed
- Naramoto K, Kato M, Ichihara K. Effects of an ethanol extract of Brazilian green propolis on human cytochrome P450 enzyme activities in vitro. J Agric Food Chem 2014;62(46):11296-302. PubMed
- Nyman G, Hagvall L. A case of allergic contact cheilitis caused by propolis and honey. Contact Dermatitis 2016;74(3):186-7. PubMed
- Ryu CS, Oh SJ, Oh JM, et al. Inhibition of cytochrome P450 by propolis in human liver microsomes. Toxicol Res 2016;32(3):207-13. PubMed
- Akbay E, Özenirler Ç, Çelemli ÖG, Durukan AB, Onur MA, Sorkun K. Effects of propolis on warfarin efficacy. Kardiochir Torakochirurgia Pol. 2017;14(1):43-46. PubMed
- Lamoureux A, Meharon M, Durand AL, Darrigade AS, Doutre MS, Milpied B. A first case of erythema multiforme-like contact dermatitis caused by propolis. Contact Dermatitis. 2017;77(4):263-264. PubMed
- Piredda M, Facchinetti G, Biagioli V, et al. Propolis in the prevention of oral mucositis in breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy: A pilot randomised controlled trial. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 2017;26(6). PubMed
- Zhang YX, Yang TT, Xia L, Zhang WF, Wang JF, Wu YP. Inhibitory Effect of Propolis on Platelet Aggregation In Vitro. J Healthc Eng. 2017;2017:3050895. PubMed
- Nyman GSA, Tang M, Inerot A, Osmancevic A, Malmberg P, Hagvall L. Contact allergy to beeswax and propolis among patients with cheilitis or facial dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 2019;81(2):110-6. PubMed
- Igarashi G, Segawa T, Akiyama N, et al. Efficacy of Brazilian propolis supplementation for japanese lactating women for atopic sensitization and nonspecific symptoms in their offspring: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Evid Based Comp PubMed
- Soleimani D, Rezaie M, Rajabzadeh F, et al. Protective effects of propolis on hepatic steatosis and fibrosis among patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) evaluated by real-time two-dimensional shear wave elastography: a randomized clinical
- D'Ercole MC. Prolonged use of propolis can increase liver enzymes. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis 2020;29(3):468-9. PubMed
- Cho E, Lee JD, Cho SH. Systemic contact dermatitis from propolis ingestion. Ann Dermatol. 2011;23(1):85-88. PubMed
- Hallajzadeh J, Milajerdi A, Amirani E, Attari VE, Maghsoudi H, Mirhashemi SM. Effects of propolis supplementation on glycemic status, lipid profiles, inflammation and oxidative stress, liver enzymes, and body weight: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Gheflati A, Dehnavi Z, Ghannadzadeh Yazdi A, Khorasanchi Z, Raeisi-Dehkordi H, Ranjbar G. The effects of propolis supplementation on metabolic parameters: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Avicenna J Phytomed
Honey 40 references
- The Review of Natural Products by Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO: Wolters Kluwer Co., 1999.
- Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics. 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
- Bose B. Honey or sugar in treatment of infected wounds? Lancet 1982;1:963. PubMed
- Ozhan H, Akdemir R, Yazici M, et al. Cardiac emergencies caused by honey ingestion: a single centre experience. Emerg Med J 2004;21:742-4. PubMed
- Centers for Disease Control. Botulism in the Unites Sates, 1899-1996. Handbook for epidemiologists, clinicians, and laboratory workers, 1998. Available online: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/botulism.PDF.
- Simon A, Traynor K, Santos K, et al. Medical honey for wound care - still the 'latest resort'? Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2009;6:165-73. PubMed
- Gethin G, Cowman S. Case series of use of Manuka honey in leg ulceration. Int Wound J 2005;2:10-15. PubMed
- Ingle R, Levin J, Polinder K. Wound healing with honey - a randomised controlled trial. S Afr Med J 2006;96:831-5.
- Johnson DW, van Eps C, Mudge DW, et al. Randomized, controlled trial of topical exit-site application of honey (Medihoney) versus mupirocin for the prevention of catheter-associated infections in hemodialysis patients. J Am Soc Nephrol 2005;16:1456-62. PubMed
- Sukriti and Garg, S. K. Influence of honey on the pharmacokinetics of phenytoin in rabbits. Ind J Pharmacol 2002;34(147).
- Jung, A. and Ottosson, J. [Infantile botulism caused by honey]. Ugeskr Laeger 2001;163(2):169.
- Gunduz, A., Turedi, S., Uzun, H., and Topbas, M. Mad honey poisoning. Am J Emerg.Med 2006;24(5):595-598.
- van der Vorst, M. M., Jamal, W., Rotimi, V. O., and Moosa, A. Infant botulism due to consumption of contaminated commercially prepared honey. First report from the Arabian Gulf States. Med Princ.Pract. 2006;15(6):456-458. PubMed
- Tushar, T., Vinod, T., Rajan, S., Shashindran, C., and Adithan, C. Effect of honey on CYP3A4, CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 enzyme activity in healthy human volunteers. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2007;100(4):269-272. PubMed
- Nilforoushzadeh, M. A., Jaffary, F., Moradi, S., Derakhshan, R., and Haftbaradaran, E. Effect of topical honey application along with intralesional injection of glucantime in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. BMC Complement Altern Med 2007;7:13. PubMed
- Koca, I. and Koca, A. F. Poisoning by mad honey: a brief review. Food Chem Toxicol 2007;45(8):1315-1318. PubMed
- Akinci, S., Arslan, U., Karakurt, K., and Cengel, A. An unusual presentation of mad honey poisoning: acute myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol 2008;129(2):e56-e58. PubMed
- Yildirim, N., Aydin, M., Cam, F., and Celik, O. Clinical presentation of non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in the course of intoxication with mad honey. Am J Emerg Med 2008;26(1):108.e-2. PubMed
- Shrestha, P., Vaidya, R., and Sherpa, K. Mad honey poisoning: a rare case report of seven cases. Nepal Med Coll J 2009;11(3):212-213.
- Fetzner, L., Burhenne, J., Weiss, J., Völker, M., Unger, M., Mikus, G., and Haefeli, W. E. Daily honey consumption does not change CYP3A activity in humans. J Clin Pharmacol 2011;51(8):1223-1232. PubMed
- Thamboo, A., Thamboo, A., Philpott, C., Javer, A., and Clark, A. Single-blind study of manuka honey in allergic fungal rhinosinusitis. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2011;40(3):238-243.
- Ahmed, A., Khan, R. A., Azim, M. K., Saeed, S. A., Mesaik, M. A., Ahmed, S., and Imran, I. Effect of natural honey on human platelets and blood coagulation proteins. Pak.J Pharm Sci 2011;24(3):389-397.
- Yarlioglues, M., Akpek, M., Ardic, I., Elcik, D., Sahin, O., and Kaya, M. G. Mad-honey sexual activity and acute inferior myocardial infarctions in a married couple. Tex.Heart Inst.J 2011;38(5):577-580.
- Biberoglu, S., Biberoglu, K., and Komsuoglu, B. Mad honey. JAMA 4-1-1988;259(13):1943.
- Biberoglu, K., Biberoglu, S., and Komsuoglu, B. Transient Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome during honey intoxication. Isr.J.Med.Sci. 1988;24(4-5):253-254.
- Gössinger, H., Hruby, K., Pohl, A., Davogg, S., Sutterlütti, G., and Mathis, G. [Poisoning with andromedotoxin-containing honey]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1983;108(41):1555-1558.
- Fenicia, L., Ferrini, A. M., Aureli, P., and Pocecco, M. A case of infant botulism associated with honey feeding in Italy. Eur J Epidemiol 1993;9(6):671-673. PubMed
- Sutlupinar, N., Mat, A., and Satganoglu, Y. Poisoning by toxic honey in Turkey. Arch.Toxicol. 1993;67(2):148-150. PubMed
- von Malottki, K. and Wiechmann, H. W. [Acute life-threatening bradycardia: food poisoning by Turkish wild honey]. Dtsch.Med.Wochenschr. 7-26-1996;121(30):936-938.
- Abdulla CO, Ayubi A, Zulfiquer F, Santhanam G, Ahmed MA, Deeb J. Infant botulism following honey ingestion. BMJ Case Rep. 2012 Sep 7;2012.
- Johnson DW, Badve SV, Pascoe EM, Beller E, Cass A, Clark C, de Zoysa J, Isbel NM, McTaggart S, Morrish AT, Playford EG, Scaria A, Snelling P, Vergara LA, Hawley CM; HONEYPOT Study Collaborative Group. Antibacterial honey for the prevention of peritoneal-d
- Matos D, Serrano P, Menezes Brandão F. A case of allergic contact dermatitis caused by propolis-enriched honey. Contact Dermatitis. 2015 Jan;72(1):59-60. PubMed
- Oduwole O, Meremikwu MM, Oyo-Ita A, Udoh EE. Honey for acute cough in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Dec 23;12:CD007094. PubMed
- Vezir E, Kaya A, Toyran M, Azkur D, Dibek Misirlioglu E, Kocabas CN. Anaphylaxis/angioedema caused by honey ingestion. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2014 Jan-Feb;35(1):71-4. PubMed
- Wang YT, Qi Y, Tang FY, et al. The effect of cupping therapy for low back pain: A meta-analysis based on existing randomized controlled trials. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2017;30(6):1187-1195. PubMed
- Oduwole O, Udoh EE, Oyo-Ita A, Meremikwu MM. Honey for acute cough in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;4:CD007094. PubMed
- Wong D, Albietz JM, Tran H, et al. Treatment of contact lens related dry eye with antibacterial honey. Cont Lens Anterior Eye. 2017;40(6):389-393. PubMed
- Martina SJ, Ramar LAP, Silaban MRI, Luthfi M, Govindan PAP. Antiplatelet Effectivity between Aspirin with Honey on Cardiovascular Disease Based on Bleeding Time Taken on Mice. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2019 Oct 14;7(20):3416-3420. PubMed
- Jhawar N, Gonzalez-Estrada A. Honey-induced anaphylaxis in an adult. QJM 2022;115(5):325-326. PubMed
- Di Costanzo M, De Paulis N, Peveri S, Montagni M, Berni Canani R, Biasucci G. Anaphylaxis caused by artisanal honey in a child: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2021;15(1):235. PubMed
Wheatgrass 5 references
- Ben-Arye E, Golden E, Wengrower D, et al. Wheat grass juice in the treatment of active distal ulcerative colitis a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Scand J Gastroenterol 2002;4:444-9.. PubMed
- Mohan Y, Jesuthankaraj GN1, Ramasamy Thangavelu N. Antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of Triticum aestivum in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2013;2013:716073.
- Shakya G, Randhi PK, Pajaniradje S, Mohankumar K, Rajagopalan R. Hypoglycaemic role of wheatgrass and its effect on carbohydrate metabolic enzymes in type II diabetic rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2016;32(6):1026-32. PubMed
- Food and Drug Administration. Food Allergen Labeling and Consumer Protection Act of 2004 (FALCPA); Public Law 108-282, Title II. Accessed on May 19, 2021. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/food/food-allergensgluten-free-guidance-documents-regulatory-infor
- Haron MH, Dale O, Martin K, et al. Evaluation of the Herb-Drug Interaction Potential of Commonly Used Botanicals on the US Market with Regard to PXR- and AhR-Mediated Influences on CYP3A4 and CYP1A2. J Diet Suppl 2022. PubMed
Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.
DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.
© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC