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Dietary supplement

Memory Booster Alcohol Free Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Hawaii Pharm

Memory Booster Alcohol Free label
See full label image
Liquid Category: Botanical
Most serious interaction: Major
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Memory Booster Alcohol Free against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

Memory Booster Alcohol Free is a dietary supplement by Hawaii Pharm with 3 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for wound healing, varicose veins and poor circulation, anxiety and stress.Based on those ingredients, 1,429 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Ginkgo Leaf Extract, Dry, Gotu Kola Leaf Extract, Dry, Rosemary Leaf Extract, Dry. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

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Check Your Meds Against Memory Booster Alcohol Free by Hawaii Pharm

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Memory Booster Alcohol Free by Hawaii Pharm — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Memory Booster Alcohol Free by Hawaii Pharm

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Aug 20, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 0 of its 3 active ingredients.
  • “Proprietary Extract Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (1,156 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

Memory Booster Alcohol Free contains three active ingredients: gotu kola leaf extract, rosemary leaf extract, and ginkgo leaf extract, all in dry extract form. These are mixed in a proprietary blend and delivered in a liquid format using glycerin and water as inactive carriers.

The product is formulated without alcohol despite its liquid form.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: memory and cognitive function support.
  • We looked for evidence on: Age-related cognitive decline, Alzheimer disease, Chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment, Cognitive function, Cognitive impairment, Dementia — and 4 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Rosemary is rated "Possibly Effective" for Memory (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Ginkgo is rated "Possibly Effective" for Dementia.
  • Also on file: Ginkgo is rated "Possibly Ineffective" for Age-related cognitive decline, Chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment.

The evidence for this product's ability to boost memory is mixed. Ginkgo leaf extract is rated Possibly Effective for memory and dementia, and Possibly Effective for several other cognitive or neurological concerns including anxiety, schizophrenia, and stroke recovery.

Rosemary leaf extract is also rated Possibly Effective for memory. Gotu kola, however, is rated Possibly Ineffective for cognitive function and carries Insufficient Reliable Evidence for Alzheimer disease and generalized anxiety disorder.

Overall, the strongest support lies with ginkgo and rosemary for memory specifically, but the evidence remains preliminary rather than established.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Gotu Kola Rosemary Ginkgo

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 3 of the 3 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 3 of 3.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 3 of 3.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Ginkgo leaf extract is generally well tolerated when used for up to six years, though bleeding is a concern — particularly spontaneous or excessive bleeding, which has been reported in case studies, especially when other bleeding risk factors are present. Gotu kola is generally well tolerated short-term, but quality evidence is limited and there have been rare case reports of liver damage, though a trial at 120 mg daily for six months showed no liver function changes.

Rosemary is safe in normal food amounts; concentrated extracts warrant caution. Common side effects are mild: gotu kola may cause gastric irritation or nausea; ginkgo may cause dizziness or stomach upset; rosemary topically can cause allergic reactions or photosensitivity.

Serious adverse effects are rare but include hepatotoxicity (gotu kola), seizures from the camphor in rosemary, and cardiac arrhythmias (ginkgo — at least 162 international reports, 34% serious).

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Gotu Kola Rosemary Ginkgo

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 3 of the 3 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Rosemary, Ginkgo, Gotu Kola.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; seizure medications; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; diabetes medications.
  • For scale: 1,430 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this product, check with your doctor or pharmacist if you take talinolol or any beta-blocker (Major interaction with ginkgo). Also double-check if you use blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs like warfarin or aspirin (Moderate risk from ginkgo and rosemary), antidiabetes medications (Moderate risk from rosemary and ginkgo), sedating drugs or CNS depressants (Moderate risk from gotu kola), or any medication processed by the liver — the combination of ginkgo, rosemary, and gotu kola's potential liver effects warrants caution.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product may appeal to someone looking for herbal support for memory and mild cognitive concerns, backed by preliminary evidence on ginkgo and rosemary. However, if you take blood thinners, diabetes medications, heart medications, psychiatric drugs, or any prescription medication, you need to check it against your exact regimen first — the interaction risk is substantial.

Pregnancy and breastfeeding are not recommended based on the safety data for these ingredients. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist before starting, especially if you have liver concerns, bleeding risk, or take multiple medications.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 3 of 3 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Sep 25, 2023.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Memory Booster Alcohol Free, straight from the product label.

Brand Hawaii Pharm
Barcode (UPC) 840253662804
Net contents 4 Fluid Ounce(s); 120 mL
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Sep 25, 2023
DSLD ID 300487
Product type Botanical
Supplement form Liquid
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Memory Booster Alcohol Free by Hawaii Pharm, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
0.7 mL
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 mL
Servings per container
120
UPC/BARCODE
840253662804
IngredientAmount% DV
Proprietary Extract Blend1156 mg--
Gotu Kola Leaf Extract, Dry0 NP--
Rosemary Leaf Extract, Dry0 NP--
Ginkgo Leaf Extract, Dry0 NP--

Other ingredients: Glycerin, Water

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Brand IP Statement(s)

Hawaii Pharm Herbal Extract Highest quality since 2008

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested use: Shake well before using. For adults add about 20-30 drops (0.7-1 mL, one full squeeze of the dropper bulb) to some juice or water, up to 4 times a day.

Precautions

Warning: We recommend to seek expert medical advice before taking.

Do not use if you are allergic to any ingredients.

Consult your physician before giving to children under 18, during pregnancy, if nursing or taking medications.

Consult your physician before giving to children under 18, during pregnancy, if nursing or taking medications.

May affect the ability to drive and operate machinery. May have contraindications, can cause side effects and adverse reactions. Do not use if seal is broken or missing.

Keep out of the reach of children!

Storage

Store in a cool dry place.

Seals/Symbols

cGMP Made in compliance with cGMP 21 CFR 111 in an FDA registered and inspected facility.

C2H5OH Alcohol free USA Made in United States of America

FDA Disclaimer Statement

This product has not been evaluated by the FDA and is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

Formulation

Made in USA, Hawaii

Only natural ingredients Purity is laboratory tested and verified

All the raw materials are gluten-free by their nature No artificial colors, flavors, or preservatives

Not tested on animals

C2H5OH Alcohol free

FDA Statement of Identity

Herbal Supplement

General Statements

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See for yourself

Memory Booster Alcohol Free by Hawaii Pharm label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Memory Booster Alcohol Free label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Memory Booster Alcohol Free by Hawaii Pharm

These are the 3 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size0.7 mL Dosage formLiquid Servings per container120 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Proprietary Extract Blend

1156 mg per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Glycerin, Water. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Memory Booster Alcohol Free by Hawaii Pharm Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Memory Booster Alcohol Free?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
1,429Drugs
1 Major 1,428 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Ginkgo Leaf Extract, Dry 1,266
Gotu Kola Leaf Extract, Dry 579
Rosemary Leaf Extract, Dry 372

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Memory Booster Alcohol Free interact with 1,429 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

3 of the 3 ingredients in Memory Booster Alcohol Free interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Ginkgo Leaf Extract, Dry Gotu Kola Leaf Extract, Dry Rosemary Leaf Extract, Dry

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Memory Booster Alcohol Free with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Ginkgo Leaf Extract, Dry23 drug types · 1,266 drugs

Talinolol

Taking ginkgo with talinolol seems to increase blood levels of talinolol.
There is some evidence that using ginkgo leaf extract 120 mg orally three times daily for 14 days can increase levels of talinolol by 36% in healthy male individuals. However, single doses of ginkgo do not seem to affect talinolol pharmacokinetics.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Alprazolam (Xanax)

Theoretically, ginkgo might decrease the levels and clinical effects of alprazolam.
In clinical research, ginkgo extract (Ginkgold) 120 mg twice daily seems to decrease alprazolam levels by about 17%. However, ginkgo does not appear to decrease the elimination half-life of alprazolam. This suggests that ginkgo is more likely to decrease absorption of alprazolam rather than induce hepatic metabolism of alprazolam.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Ginkgo has been shown to increase the risk of bleeding in some people when taken with warfarin. Theoretically, ginkgo might increase the risk of bleeding if used with other anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Several pharmacodynamic studies suggest that ginkgo inhibits platelet aggregation. It is thought that the ginkgo constituent, ginkgolide B, displaces platelet-activating factor (PAF) from its binding sites, decreasing blood coagulation. Several case reports have documented serious bleeding events in patients taking ginkgo. However, population and clinical studies have produced mixed results. Some evidence shows that short-term use of ginkgo leaf does not significantly reduce platelet aggregation and blood clotting. A study in healthy males who took a specific ginkgo leaf extract (EGb 761) 160 mg twice daily for 7 days found no change in prothrombin time. An analysis of a large medical record database suggests that ginkgo increases the risk of a bleeding adverse event by 38% when taken concurrently with warfarin. It has been suggested that ginkgo has to be taken for at least 2-3 weeks to have a significant effect on platelet aggregation. However, a meta-analysis of 18 studies using standardized ginkgo extracts, 80-480 mg daily for up to 32 weeks, did not find a significant effect on platelet aggregation, fibrinogen concentration, or PT/aPTT. In addition, a single dose of ginkgo plus clopidogrel or ticlopidine does not seem to significantly increase bleeding time or platelet aggregation. Also, taking ginkgo leaf extract daily for 8 days in conjunction with rivaroxaban does not affect anti-factor Xa activity; however, this study did not evaluate bleeding time.

Likelihood Possible Evidence A
Anticonvulsants

Theoretically, ginkgo might reduce the effectiveness of anticonvulsants.
Ginkgo seeds contain ginkgotoxin. Large amounts of ginkgotoxin can cause neurotoxicity and seizure. Ginkgotoxin is present in much larger amounts in ginkgo seeds than leaves. Ginkgo leaf extract contains trace amounts of ginkgotoxin. The amount of ginkgotoxin in ginkgo leaf and leaf extract seems unlikely to cause toxicity. However, there are anecdotal reports of seizure occurring after use of ginkgo leaf both in patients without a history of seizure disorder and in those with previously well-controlled epilepsy.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking ginkgo with antidiabetes drugs might alter the response to antidiabetes drugs.
Ginkgo leaf extract seems to alter insulin secretion and metabolism, and might affect blood glucose levels in people with type 2 diabetes. The effect of ginkgo seems to differ depending on the insulin and treatment status of the patient. In diet-controlled diabetes patients with hyperinsulinemia, taking ginkgo does not seem to significantly affect insulin or blood glucose levels. In patients with hyperinsulinemia who are treated with oral hypoglycemic agents, taking ginkgo seems to decrease insulin levels and increase blood glucose following an oral glucose tolerance test. Researchers speculate that this could be due to ginkgo-enhanced hepatic metabolism of insulin. In patients with pancreatic exhaustion, taking ginkgo seems to stimulate pancreatic beta-cells, resulting in increased insulin and C-peptide levels, but with no significant change in blood glucose levels in response to an oral glucose tolerance test.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Atorvastatin (Lipitor)

Theoretically, ginkgo might decrease the levels and clinical effects of atorvastatin.
In humans, intake of ginkgo extract appears to increase atorvastatin clearance, reducing the area under the curve of atorvastatin by 10% to 14% and the maximum concentration by 29%. However, this interaction does not appear to affect cholesterol synthesis and absorption. Further, a model in rats with hyperlipidemia suggests that administering ginkgo extract does not impact blood levels of atorvastatin and leads to lower total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides when compared with rats given atorvastatin alone.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, ginkgo might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Laboratory research suggests that ginkgo leaf extract can mildly inhibit CYP1A2 enzymes. However, clinical research suggests ginkgo might not affect CYP1A2. Until more is known, use ginkgo cautiously in patients taking drugs metabolized by these enzymes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates

Theoretically, ginkgo might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19.
Some clinical research shows that a specific ginkgo leaf extract (Remembrance, Herbs Product LTD) 140 mg twice daily can induce CYP2C19 enzymes and potentially decrease levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes. However, other clinical research shows that taking ginkgo 120 mg twice daily for 12 days has no effect on levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Theoretically, ginkgo might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
In vitro, a specific standardized extract of ginkgo leaf (EGb 761) inhibits CYP2C9 activity . The terpenoid (ginkgolides) and flavonoid (quercetin, kaempferol, etc.) constituents seem to be responsible for this effect. Most ginkgo extracts contain some amount of these constituents. Therefore, other ginkgo leaf extracts might also inhibit the CYP2C9 enzyme. However, clinical research suggests that ginkgo might not have a significant effect on CYP2C9 in humans. Ginkgo does not seem to significantly affect the pharmacokinetics of CYP2C9 substrates diclofenac or tolbutamide.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, ginkgo might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
There is conflicting evidence about whether ginkgo induces or inhibits CYP3A4. Ginkgo does not appear to affect hepatic CYP3A4. However, it is not known if ginkgo affects intestinal CYP3A4. Preliminary clinical research suggests that taking ginkgo does not significantly affect levels of donepezil, lopinavir, or ritonavir, which are all CYP3A4 substrates. Other clinical research also suggests ginkgo does not significantly affect CYP3A4 activity. However, there are two case reports of decreased efavirenz concentrations and increased viral load in patients taking ginkgo. It is suspected that terpenoids from the ginkgo extract reduced drug levels by inducing cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4).

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Efavirenz (Sustiva)

Theoretically, ginkgo might decrease the levels and clinical effects of efavirenz.
There are two case reports of decreased efavirenz concentrations and increased viral load in patients taking ginkgo. In one case, an HIV-positive male experienced over a 50% decrease in efavirenz levels over the course of 14 months while taking ginkgo extract. HIV-1 RNA copies also increased substantially, from less than 50 to more than 1500. It is suspected that terpenoids from the ginkgo extract reduced drug levels by inducing cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). In another case report, a patient stable on antiviral therapy including efavirenz for 10 years, had an increase in viral load from <50 copies/mL to 1350 copies/mL after 2 months of taking a combination of supplements including ginkgo. After stopping ginkgo, the viral load was again controlled with the same antiviral therapy regimen.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Ibuprofen (Advil, Others)

Theoretically, ginkgo might increase the risk of bleeding when used with ibuprofen.
Ginkgo might have antiplatelet effects and has been associated with several case reports of spontaneous bleeding. In one case, a 71-year-old male had taken a specific ginkgo extract (Gingium, Biocur) 40 mg twice daily for 2.5 years. About 4 weeks after starting ibuprofen 600 mg daily he experienced a fatal intracerebral hemorrhage. However, the antiplatelet effects of ginkgo have been questioned. A meta-analysis and other studies have not found a significant antiplatelet effect with standardized ginkgo extracts, 80 mg to 480 mg taken daily for up to 32 weeks.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
P-Glycoprotein Substrates

Theoretically, taking ginkgo with P-glycoprotein substrates might increase the levels and adverse effects of these substrates.
A small clinical study in healthy volunteers shows that using ginkgo leaf extract 120 mg orally three times daily for 14 days can increase levels of the P-glycoprotein substrate, talinolol, by 36% in healthy male individuals. However, single doses of ginkgo do not have the same effect.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Risperidone (Risperdal)

Theoretically, taking ginkgo with risperidone might increase the levels and adverse effects of risperidone.
A single case of priapism has been reported for a 26-year-old male with schizophrenia who used risperidone 3 mg daily along with ginkgo extract 160 mg daily. Risperidone is metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 and CYP3A4. CYP3A4 activity might be affected by ginkgo. Theoretically, ginkgo may inhibit the metabolism of risperidone and increase the risk of adverse effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Rosiglitazone (Avandia)

Theoretically, ginkgo might decrease the levels and clinical effects of rosiglitazone.
Animal research shows that ginkgo leaf extract orally 100 or 200 mg/kg daily for 10 days alters the pharmacodynamics of rosiglitazone in a dose-dependent manner. The 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg doses reduce the area under the concentration time curve (AUC) of rosiglitazone by 39% and 52%, respectively, and the half-life by 28% and 39%, respectively. It is hypothesized that these changes may be due to induction of cytochrome P450 2C8 by ginkgo.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Seizure Threshold Lowering Drugs

Theoretically, taking ginkgo with drugs that lower the seizure threshold might increase the risk for convulsions.
Ginkgo seeds contain ginkgotoxin. Large amounts of ginkgotoxin can cause neurotoxicity and seizure. Ginkgotoxin is present in much larger amounts in ginkgo seeds than leaves. Ginkgo leaf extract contains trace amounts of ginkgotoxin. The amount of ginkgotoxin in ginkgo leaf and leaf extract seems unlikely to cause toxicity. However, there are anecdotal reports of seizure occurring after use of ginkgo leaf both in patients without a history of seizure disorder and in those with previously well-controlled epilepsy.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Simvastatin (Zocor)

Theoretically, ginkgo might decrease the levels and clinical effects of simvastatin.
Clinical research shows that taking ginkgo extract can reduce the area under the curve and maximum concentration of simvastatin by 32% to 39%. However, ginkgo extract does not seem to affect the cholesterol-lowering ability of simvastatin.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Sofosbuvir (Sovaldi)

Theoretically, ginkgo might increase the levels and clinical effects of sofosbuvir.
Animal research in rats shows that giving a ginkgo extract 25 mg/kg orally daily for 14 days increases the area under the concentration time curve (AUC) after a single sofosbuvir dose of 40 mg/kg by 11%, increases the half-life by 60%, and increases the plasma concentration at 4 hours by 38%. This interaction appears to be related to the inhibition of intestinal P-glycoprotein by ginkgo.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tacrolimus (Prograf)

Theoretically, ginkgo might increase the blood levels of tacrolimus.
In vitro evidence suggests that certain biflavonoids in ginkgo leaves (i.e. amentoflavone, ginkgetin, bilobetin) may inhibit the metabolism of tacrolimus by up to 50%. This interaction appears to be time-dependent and due to inhibition of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 by these bioflavonoids. In rats given tacrolimus 1 mg/kg orally, amentoflavone was shown to increase the area under the concentration time curve (AUC) of tacrolimus by 3.8-fold.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Trazodone (Desyrel)

Theoretically, ginkgo might increase the levels and clinical effects of trazodone.
In a case report, an Alzheimer patient taking trazodone 20 mg twice daily and ginkgo leaf extract 80 mg twice daily for four doses became comatose. The coma was reversed by administration of flumazenil (Romazicon). Coma might have been induced by excessive GABA-ergic activity. Ginkgo flavonoids are thought to have GABA-ergic activity and act directly on benzodiazepine receptors. Ginkgo might also increase metabolism of trazodone to active GABA-ergic metabolites, possibly by inducing cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) metabolism.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Ginkgo has been shown to increase the risk of bleeding in some people when taken with warfarin.
Several pharmacodynamic studies suggest that ginkgo inhibits platelet aggregation. It is thought that the ginkgo constituent, ginkgolide B, displaces platelet-activating factor (PAF) from its binding sites, decreasing blood coagulation. Several case reports have documented serious bleeding events in patients taking ginkgo. Information from a medical database suggests that when taken concurrently with warfarin, ginkgo increases the risk of a bleeding adverse event by 38%. There is also some evidence that ginkgo leaf extract can inhibit cytochrome P450 2C9, an enzyme that metabolizes warfarin. This could result in increased warfarin levels. However, population and clinical research has produced mixed results. Clinical research in healthy people suggests that ginkgo has no effect on INR, or the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of warfarin. A meta-analysis of 18 studies using standardized ginkgo extracts, 80 mg to 480 mg daily for up to 32 weeks, did not find a significant effect on platelet aggregation, fibrinogen concentration, or PT/aPTT. There is also some preliminary clinical research that suggests ginkgo might not significantly increase the effects of warfarin in patients that have a stable INR.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Nifedipine (Procardia)

Theoretically, taking ginkgo with oral, but not intravenous, nifedipine might increase levels and adverse effects of nifedipine.
Animal research and some clinical evidence suggests that taking ginkgo leaf extract orally in combination with oral nifedipine might increase nifedipine levels and cause increased side effects, such as headaches, dizziness, and hot flushes. However, taking ginkgo orally does not seem to affect the pharmacokinetics of intravenous nifedipine.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Omeprazole (Prilosec)

Theoretically, taking ginkgo with omeprazole might decrease the levels and clinical effects of omeprazole.
Clinical research shows that a specific ginkgo leaf extract (Remembrance, Herbs Product LTD) 140 mg twice daily can induce cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19 enzymes and decrease levels of omeprazole by about 27% to 42%.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Ginkgo Leaf Extract, Dry full monograph & interactions

Gotu Kola Leaf Extract, Dry2 drug types · 579 drugs

Cns Depressants

Theoretically, taking gotu kola might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
In vitro research suggests that gotu kola may have sedative effects via binding of GABA receptors.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Hepatotoxic Drugs

Theoretically, taking gotu kola with hepatotoxic drugs might have additive adverse effects.
There are at least four case reports of hepatotoxicity associated with the use of gotu kola. However, more information is needed to determine if gotu kola was the causative factor in these cases.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Gotu Kola Leaf Extract, Dry full monograph & interactions

Rosemary Leaf Extract, Dry6 drug types · 372 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, rosemary may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro and animal research suggests that rosemary inhibits platelet aggregation.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking rosemary with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Animal research shows that rosemary extract can decrease blood glucose levels in diabetic models. However, research in humans is conflicting. Although rosemary powder decreased blood glucose levels in healthy adults, no change in blood glucose levels was seen in adults with type 2 diabetes, most of whom were taking antidiabetes drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Aspirin

Theoretically, rosemary might have additive effects with salicylate-containing drugs such as aspirin.
Rosemary is reported to contain salicylates.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Choline Magnesium Trisalicylate (Trilisate)

Theoretically, rosemary might have additive effects with salicylate-containing drugs such as choline magnesium trisalicylate.
Rosemary is reported to contain salicylate.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Salsalate (Disalcid)

Theoretically, rosemary might have additive effects with salicylate-containing drugs such as salsalate.
Rosemary is reported to contain salicylate.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, rosemary might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research shows that rosemary induces CYP1A2 enzymes. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Rosemary Leaf Extract, Dry full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Memory Booster Alcohol Free, from the product label.

Hawaii Pharm

See all Hawaii Pharm products
Name
Hawaii Pharm LLC
Street Address
510 Sumner St. Ste. 613
City
Honolulu
State
HI
ZipCode
96817
Phone Number
888-854-2924
Web Address
www.hawaiipharm.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Memory Booster Alcohol Free by Hawaii Pharm: Common Questions

Does Memory Booster Alcohol Free by Hawaii Pharm interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Memory Booster Alcohol Free has a known interaction with 1,429 medications, including 1 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Memory Booster Alcohol Free contains 3 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Will this help my memory?
Ginkgo and rosemary are both rated Possibly Effective for memory, meaning there's preliminary evidence supporting them, but it's not definitive. Gotu kola is rated Possibly Ineffective for cognitive function. Overall, there's some reason to think it might help, but don't expect dramatic results — the science isn't settled yet.
Can I take this if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
No. Gotu kola and ginkgo are rated Possibly Unsafe in pregnancy, and rosemary at medicinal doses should be avoided. Safety while breastfeeding is unknown or unstudied for all three, so it's best to avoid this product in both situations. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist about safe alternatives.
What side effects might I experience?
The most common are mild: stomach upset, nausea, or dizziness. Serious side effects are rare but can include bleeding (especially with ginkgo), liver damage (rare with gotu kola), or allergic reactions on the skin (rosemary). If you notice unusual bruising, bleeding, yellowing of skin or eyes, or severe rash, stop and contact your healthcare provider.
Is this product alcohol-free?
Yes — despite being a liquid, it's formulated without alcohol. It uses glycerin and water as carriers instead.
Can I use this with my blood thinner?
Possibly not — ginkgo and rosemary both interact with blood thinners like warfarin and aspirin, increasing bleeding risk. Do not combine them without your doctor's explicit okay. Check your specific medication and dose with your pharmacist or doctor first.
How long can I safely take this?
Ginkgo leaf extract has been studied safely for up to six years. Gotu kola is generally considered well tolerated short-term, though long-term safety data is limited. There's no specific duration recommended on the label, so ask your doctor or pharmacist how long is appropriate for your situation.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Memory Booster Alcohol Free label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Memory Booster Alcohol Free’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Gotu Kola

Interacts with 579 drugs

Gotu kola is a traditional Ayurvedic and Asian herb that people use for wound healing, circulation, skin problems, and as a calming or memory-supporting herb. Some early studies suggest poss...

Read the full Gotu Kola monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Rosemary

Interacts with 372 drugs

Rosemary is a fragrant Mediterranean herb that is safe and flavorful in normal food amounts. Some early research suggests possible benefits for memory, mood, and hair growth, but the evidenc...

Read the full Rosemary monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Ginkgo

Interacts with 1,266 drugs

Ginkgo is one of the world's most popular herbal supplements, mostly taken to support memory and circulation. The evidence for these uses is mixed and generally weak, and it is not proven to...

Read the full Ginkgo monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Memory Booster Alcohol Free's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 135 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Gotu Kola 18 references
  1. Newall CA, Anderson LA, Philpson JD. Herbal Medicine: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. London, UK: The Pharmaceutical Press, 1996.
  2. Pointel JP, Boccalon H, Cloarec M, et al. Titrated extract of Centella asiatica (TECA) in the treatment of venous insufficiency of the lower limbs. Angiol 1987;38:46-50. PubMed
  3. Brinkhaus B, Lindner M, Schuppan D, Hahn EG. Chemical, pharmacological and clinical profile of the east Asian medical plant Centella asiatica. Phytomedicine 2000;7:427-48.
  4. Eun HC, Lee AY. Contact dermatitis due to madecassol. Contact Dermatitis 1985;13:310-3.. PubMed
  5. Hausen BM. Centella asiatica (Indian pennywort), an effective therapeutic but a weak sensitizer. Contact Dermatitis 1993;29:175-9..
  6. Bilbao I, Aguirre A, Zabala R, et al. Allergic contact dermatitis from butoxyethyl nicotinic acid and Centella asiatica extract. Contact Dermatitis 1995;33:435-6.
  7. Cesarone MR, Incandela L, De Sanctis MT, et al. Evaluation of treatment of diabetic microangiopathy with total triterpenic fraction of Centella asiatica: a clinical prospective randomized trial with a microcirculatory model. Angiology 2001;52 Suppl 2 DOI
  8. Bradwejn J, Zhou Y, Koszycki D, Shlik J. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study on the effects of Gotu Kola (Centella asiatica) on acoustic startle response in healthy subjects. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2000;20:680-4. PubMed
  9. Young GL, Jewell D. Creams for preventing stretch marks in pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000;(2):CD000066. PubMed
  10. Jorge OA, Jorge AD. Hepatotoxicity associated with the ingestion of Centella asiatica. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2005;97:115-24. PubMed
  11. Mallol J, Belda MA, Costa D, et al. Prophylaxis of striae gravidarum with a topical formulation. A double blind trial. Int J Cosmet Sci 1991;3:51-7.
  12. Izu, R., Aguirre, A., Gil, N., and Diaz-Perez, J. L. Allergic contact dermatitis from a cream containing Centella asiatica extract. Contact Dermatitis 1992;26(3):192-193.
  13. Santucci, B., Picardo, M., and Cristaudo, A. Contact dermatitis due to Centelase. Contact Dermatitis 1985;13(1):39. PubMed
  14. Vena, G. A. and Angelini, G. Contact allergy to Centelase. Contact Dermatitis 1986;15(2):108-109. PubMed
  15. Marastoni, F., Baldo, A., Redaelli, G., and Ghiringhelli, L. [Centella asiatica extract in venous pathology of the lower limbs and its evaluation as compared with tribenoside]. Minerva Cardioangiol. 1982;30(4):201-207.
  16. Danese, P., Carnevali, C., and Bertazzoni, M. G. Allergic contact dermatitis due to Centella asiatica extract. Contact Dermatitis 1994;31(3):201.
  17. Bilbao, I., Aguirre, A., Zabala, R., Gonzalez, R., Raton, J., and Diaz Perez, J. L. Allergic contact dermatitis from butoxyethyl nicotinic acid and Centella asiatica extract. Contact Dermatitis 1995;33(6):435-436.
  18. Dantuluri S, North-lewis P, Karthik SV. Gotu Kola induced hepatotoxicity in a child - need for caution with alternative remedies. Dig Liver Dis. 2011;43(6):500. PubMed

See these in context on the Gotu Kola monograph →

Rosemary 20 references
  1. Newall CA, Anderson LA, Philpson JD. Herbal Medicine: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. London, UK: The Pharmaceutical Press, 1996.
  2. Foster S, Tyler VE. Tyler's Honest Herbal: A Sensible Guide to the Use of Herbs and Related Remedies. 3rd ed., Binghamton, NY: Haworth Herbal Press, 1993.
  3. The Review of Natural Products by Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO: Wolters Kluwer Co., 1999.
  4. McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
  5. Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
  6. Cartier LC, Lehrer A, Malo JL. Occupational asthma caused by aromatic herbs. Allergy 1996;51:647-9. DOI
  7. Burkhard PR, Burkhardt K, Haenggeli CA, Landis T. Plant-induced seizures: reappearance of an old problem. J Neurol 1999;246:667-70. PubMed
  8. Swain AR, Dutton SP, Truswell AS. Salicylates in foods. J Am Diet.Assoc 1985;85(8):950-60. DOI
  9. Zhu BT, Loder DP, Cai MX, et al. Dietary administration of an extract from rosemary leaves enhances the liver microsomal metabolism of endogenous estrogens and decreases their uterotropic action in CD-1 mice. Carcinogenesis 1998;19(10):1821-7. PubMed
  10. Debersac P, Heydel JM, Amiot MJ, et al. Induction of cytochrome P450 and/or detoxication enzymes by various extracts of rosemary: description of specific patterns. Food Chem Toxicol 2001;39(9):907-18. PubMed
  11. Debersac P, Vernevaut MF, Amiot MJ, et al. Effects of a water-soluble extract of rosemary and its purified component rosmarinic acid on xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in rat liver. Food Chem Toxicol 2001;39(2):109-17. PubMed
  12. Lee JJ, Jin YR, Lee JH, et al. Antiplatelet activity of carnosic acid, a phenolic diterpene from Rosmarinus officinalis. Planta Med 2007;73(2):121-7.
  13. Yamamoto J, Yamada K, Naemura A, et al. Testing various herbs for antithrombotic effect. Nutrition 2005;21(5):580-7. PubMed
  14. Naemura A, Ura M, Yamashita T, et al. Long-term intake of rosemary and common thyme herbs inhibits experimental thrombosis without prolongation of bleeding time. Thromb Res 2008;122(4):517-22. PubMed
  15. Lee JJ, Jin YR, Lim Y, et al. Antiplatelet activity of carnosol is mediated by the inhibition of TXA2 receptor and cytosolic calcium mobilization. Vascul Pharmacol 2006;45:148-53. PubMed
  16. Bakirel, T., Bakirel, U., Keles, O. U., Ulgen, S. G., and Yardibi, H. In vivo assessment of antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) in alloxan-diabetic rabbits. J Ethnopharmacol 2-28-2008;116(1):64-73. PubMed
  17. Erenmemisoglu, A., Saraymen, R., and Ustun, S. Effect of a Rosmarinus officinalis leave extract on plasma glucose levels in normoglycaemic and diabetic mice. Pharmazie 1997;52(8):645-646.
  18. Valones MAA, Silva ICG, Gueiros LAM, Leão JC, Caldas AF Jr, Carvalho AAT. Clinical assessment of rosemary-based toothpaste (Rosmarinus officinalis Linn.): A randomized controlled double-blind study. Braz Dent J. 2019;30(2):146-151. PubMed
  19. Quirarte-Báez SM, Zamora-Perez AL, Reyes-Estrada CA, et al. A shortened treatment with rosemary tea (rosmarinus officinalis) instead of glucose in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (TSD). J Popul Ther Clin Pharmacol. 2019;26(4):e18-e28.
  20. Al Jamal A. Effect of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) on lipid profiles and blood glucose in human diabetic patients (type-2). African J. Biochem. Res. 2014;8(8):147-50. DOI

See these in context on the Rosemary monograph →

Ginkgo 97 references
  1. Davydov L, Stirling AL. Stevens-Johnson syndrome with Ginkgo biloba. J Herb Pharmacother 2001;1:65-9. DOI
  2. Benjamin J, Muir T, Briggs K, Pentland B. A case of cerebral haemorrhage-can Ginkgo biloba be implicated? Postgrad Med J 2001;77:112-3.
  3. Matthews, MK. Association of Ginkgo biloba with intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurology 1998;50:1934.
  4. Rowin J, Lewis SL. Spontaneous bilateral subdural hemotomas with chronic Ginkgo biloba ingestion. Neurology 1996;46:1775-6.
  5. Rosenblatt M, Mindel T. Spontaneous hyphema associated with ingestion of Ginkgo biloba extract. N Engl J Med 1997;336:1108.
  6. Fessenden JM, Wittenborn W, Clarke L. Gingko biloba: a case report of herbal medicine and bleeding postoperatively from a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Am Surg 2001;67:33-5. DOI
  7. Gurley BJ, Gardner SF, Hubbard MA. Clinical assessment of potential cytochrome P450-mediated herb-drug interactions. AAPS Ann Mtg & Expo Indianapolis, IN: 2000; Oct 29 - Nov 2:presentation #3460.
  8. Cohen AJ, Bartlik B. Ginkgo biloba for antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction. J Sex Marital Ther 1998;24:139-43. PubMed
  9. Kudolo GB. The effect of 3-month ingestion of Ginkgo biloba extract on pancreatic beta-cell function in response to glucose loading in normal glucose tolerant individuals. J Clin Pharmacol 2000;40:647-54.
  10. Heck AM, DeWitt BA, Lukes AL. Potential interactions between alternative therapies and warfarin. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2000;57:1221-7. DOI
  11. Cesarani A, Meloni F, Alpini D, et al. Ginkgo biloba (EGb 761) in the treatment of equilibrium disorders. Adv Ther 1998;15:291-304.
  12. Galluzzi S, Zanetti O, Binetti G, et al. Coma in a patient with Alzheimer's disease taking low dose trazodone and Ginkgo biloba. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2000;68:679-80. DOI
  13. Budzinski JW, Foster BC, Vandenhoek S, Arnason JT. An in vitro evaluation of human cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibition by selected commercial herbal extracts and tinctures. Phytomedicine 2000;7:273-82. PubMed
  14. Gregory PJ. Seizure associated with Ginkgo biloba? Ann Intern Med 2001;134:344.
  15. Granger AS. Ginkgo biloba precipitating epileptic seizures. Age Ageing 2001;30:523-5. PubMed
  16. Kajiyama Y, Fujii K, Takeuchi H, Manabe Y. Ginkgo seed poisoning. Pediatrics 2002;109:325-7. PubMed
  17. Miwa H, Iijima M, Tanaka S, Mizuno Y. Generalized convulsions after consuming a large amount of gingko nuts. Epilepsia 2001;42:280-1. DOI
  18. Burschka MA, Hassan HA, Reineke T, et al. Effect of treatment with Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 (oral) on unilateral idiopathic sudden hearing loss in a prospective randomized double-blind study of 106 outpatients. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2001;258:213- PubMed
  19. Miller LG, Freeman B. Possible subdural hematoma associated with Ginkgo biloba. J Herb Pharmacother 2002;2:57-63.
  20. Kudolo GB, Dorsey S, Blodgett J. Effect of the ingestion of Ginkgo biloba extract on platelet aggregation and urinary prostanoid excretion in healthy and Type 2 diabetic subjects. Thromb Res 2002;108:151-60.. PubMed
  21. Fong KC, Kinnear PE. Retrobulbar haemorrhage associated with chronic Ginkgo biloba ingestion. Postgrad Med J 2003;79:531-2..
  22. Gurley BJ, Gardner SF, Hubbard MA, et al. Cytochrome P450 phenotypic ratios for predicting herb-drug interactions in humans. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2002;72:276-87.. PubMed
  23. Kang BJ, Lee SJ, Kim MD, Cho MJ. A placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of Ginkgo biloba for antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction. Hum Psychopharmacol 2002;17:279-84.
  24. Yale SH, Glurich I. Analysis of the inhibitory potential of Ginkgo biloba, Echinacea purpurea, and Serenoa repens on the metabolic activity of cytochrome P450 3A4, 2D6, and 2C9. J Altern Complement Med 2005;11:433-9.
  25. Yasui-Furukori N, Furukori H, Kaneda A, et al. The effects of Ginkgo biloba extracts on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of donepezil. J Clin Pharmacol 2004;44:538-42.
  26. Markowitz JS, Donovan JL, Lindsay DeVane C, et al. Multiple-dose administration of Ginkgo biloba did not affect cytochrome P-450 2D6 or 3A4 activity in normal volunteers. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2003;23:576-81. PubMed
  27. Arenz A, Kelin M, Flehe K, et al. Occurrence of neurotoxic 4'-O-methylpyridoxine in ginkgo biloba leaves, ginkgo medications and Japanese ginkgo food. Planta Med 1996;62:548-51.
  28. Engelsen J, Nielsen JD, Winther K. Effect of coenzyme Q10 and Ginkgo biloba on warfarin dosage in stable, long-term warfarin treated outpatients. A randomised, double blind, placebo-crossover trial. Thromb Haemost 2002;87:1075-6. DOI
  29. Gaudineau C, Beckerman R, Welbourn S, Auclair K. Inhibition of human P450 enzymes by multiple constituents of the Ginkgo biloba extract. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 2004;318:1072–8. PubMed
  30. Kohler S, Funk P, Kieser M. Influence of a 7-day treatment with Ginkgo biloba special extract EGb 761 on bleeding time and coagulation: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study in healthy volunteers. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2004;15:303–9. PubMed
  31. Jiang X, Williams KM, Liauw WS, et al. Effect of ginkgo and ginger on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of warfarin in healthy subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2005;59:425-32. PubMed
  32. Destro MW, Speranzini MB, Cavalheiro Filho C, et al. Bilateral haematoma after rhytidoplasty and blepharoplasty following chronic use of Ginkgo biloba. Br J Plast Surg 2005;58:100-1. PubMed
  33. Yin OQ, Tomlinson B, Waye MM, et al. Pharmacogenetics and herb-drug interactions: experience with Ginkgo biloba and omeprazole. Pharmacogenetics 2004;14:841-50. PubMed
  34. Bent S, Goldberg H, Padula A, Avins AL. Spontaneous bleeding associated with Ginkgo biloba: a case report and systematic review of the literature. J Gen Intern Med 2005;20;657-61. DOI
  35. Meisel C, Johne A, Roots I. Fatal intracerebral mass bleeding associated with Ginkgo biloba and ibuprofen. Atherosclerosis 2003;167:367. PubMed
  36. Bebbington A, Kulkarni R, Roberts P. Ginkgo biloba: Persistent bleeding after total hip arthroplasty caused by herbal self-medication. J Arthroplasty 2005;20:125-6. .
  37. Kupiec T, Raj V. Fatal seizures due to potential herb-drug interactions with Ginkgo biloba. J Anal Toxicol 2005:755-8. PubMed
  38. Hauser D, Gayowski T, Singh N. Bleeding complications precipitated by unrecognized Gingko biloba use after liver transplantation. Transpl Int 2002;15:377-9. DOI
  39. Mohutsky MA, Anderson GD, Miller JW, Elmer GW. Ginkgo biloba: evaluation of CYP2C9 drug interactions in vitro and in vivo. Am J Ther 2006;13:24-31. PubMed
  40. Kudolo GB. The effect of 3-month ingestion of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) on pancreatic beta-cell function in response to glucose loading in individuals with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Clin Pharmacol 2001;41:600-11.
  41. Pennisi RS. Acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis induced by the herbal remedy Ginkgo biloba. Med J Aust 2006;184:583-4. PubMed
  42. Yagmur E, Piatkowski A, Groger A, et al. Bleeding complication under Gingko biloba medication. Am J Hematol 2005;79:343-4. PubMed
  43. Vale S. Subarachnoid haemorrhage associated with Ginkgo biloba. Lancet 1998;352:36. PubMed
  44. Aruna D, Naidu MU. Pharmacodynamic interaction studies of Ginkgo biloba with cilostazol and clopidogrel in healthy human subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2007;63:333-8.
  45. Dugoua JJ, Mills E, Perri D, Koren G. Safety and efficacy of ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) during pregnancy and lactation. Can J Clin Pharmacol 2006;13:e277-84.
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  47. Woelk H, Arnoldt KH, Kieser M, Hoerr R. Ginkgo biloba special extract EGb 761 in generalized anxiety disorder and adjustment disorder with anxious mood: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res 2007;41:472-80. PubMed
  48. DeKosky ST, Williamson JD, Fitzpatrick AL, et al. Ginkgo biloba for prevention of dementia. JAMA 2008;300:2253-62.
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  50. Wiegman DJ, Brinkman K, Franssen EJ. Interaction of Ginkgo biloba with efavirenz. AIDS 2009;23:1184-5. PubMed
  51. Kim BH, Kim KP, Lim KS, et al. Influence of Ginkgo biloba extract on the pharmacodynamic effects and pharmacokinetic properties of ticlopidine: An open-label, randomized, two-period, two-treatment, two-sequence, single-dose crossover study in healthy Kor
  52. Salehi B, Imani R, Mohammadi MR, et al. Ginkgo biloba for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: a double blind, randomized controlled trial. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2010;34:76-80. PubMed
  53. Kellermann AJ, Kloft C. Is there a risk of bleeding associated with standardized ginkgo biloba extract therapy? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pharmacotherapy 2011;31:490-502.
  54. Kuller LH, Ives DG, Fitzpatrick AL, et al. Does Ginkgo biloba reduce the risk of cardiovascular events? Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2010;3:41-7.
  55. Naccarato M, Yoong D, Gough K. A potential drug-herbal interaction between Ginkgo biloba and efavirenz. J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care (Chic). 2012;11(2):98-100. doi: 10.1177/1545109711435364. Epub 2012 Feb 9.
  56. Engelsen, J., Nielsen, J. D., and Hansen, K. F. [Effect of Coenzyme Q10 and Ginkgo biloba on warfarin dosage in patients on long-term warfarin treatment. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over trial]. Ugeskr.Laeger 4-28-2003;165(18):18
  57. Parsad, D., Pandhi, R., and Juneja, A. Effectiveness of oral Ginkgo biloba in treating limited, slowly spreading vitiligo. Clin Exp.Dermatol. 2003;28(3):285-287.
  58. Bal Dit, Sollier C., Caplain, H., and Drouet, L. No alteration in platelet function or coagulation induced by EGb761 in a controlled study. Clin Lab Haematol. 2003;25(4):251-253. PubMed
  59. Yoshioka, M., Ohnishi, N., Koishi, T., Obata, Y., Nakagawa, M., Matsumoto, T., Tagagi, K., Takara, K., Ohkuni, T., Yokoyama, T., and Kuroda, K. Studies on interactions between functional foods or dietary supplements and medicines. IV. Effects of ginkgo b
  60. Yoshioka, M., Ohnishi, N., Sone, N., Egami, S., Takara, K., Yokoyama, T., and Kuroda, K. Studies on interactions between functional foods or dietary supplements and medicines. III. Effects of ginkgo biloba leaf extract on the pharmacokinetics of nifedipi
  61. Lovera, J., Bagert, B., Smoot, K., Morris, C. D., Frank, R., Bogardus, K., Wild, K., Oken, B., Whitham, R., and Bourdette, D. Ginkgo biloba for the improvement of cognitive performance in multiple sclerosis: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Mult.S PubMed
  62. Lin, Y. Y., Chu, S. J., and Tsai, S. H. Association between priapism and concurrent use of risperidone and Ginkgo biloba. Mayo Clin Proc 2007;82(10):1289-1290.
  63. Robertson, S. M., Davey, R. T., Voell, J., Formentini, E., Alfaro, R. M., and Penzak, S. R. Effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on lopinavir, midazolam and fexofenadine pharmacokinetics in healthy subjects. Curr Med Res Opin 2008;24(2):591-599. PubMed
  64. Penzak, S. R., Busse, K. H., Robertson, S. M., Formentini, E., Alfaro, R. M., and Davey, R. T., Jr. Limitations of using a single postdose midazolam concentration to predict CYP3A-mediated drug interactions. J Clin Pharmacol 2008;48(6):671-680. PubMed
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  66. Choi, W. S., Choi, C. J., Kim, K. S., Lee, J. H., Song, C. H., Chung, J. H., Ock, S. M., Lee, J. B., and Kim, C. M. To compare the efficacy and safety of nifedipine sustained release with Ginkgo biloba extract to treat patients with primary Raynaud's phe
  67. Lei, H. P., Wang, G., Wang, L. S., Ou-yang, D. S., Chen, H., Li, Q., Zhang, W., Tan, Z. R., Fan, L., He, Y. J., and Zhou, H. H. Lack of effect of Ginkgo biloba on voriconazole pharmacokinetics in Chinese volunteers identified as CYP2C19 poor and extensiv
  68. Russo, V., Stella, A., Appezzati, L., Barone, A., Stagni, E., Roszkowska, A., and Delle, Noci N. Clinical efficacy of a Ginkgo biloba extract in the topical treatment of allergic conjunctivitis. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2009;19(3):331-336. PubMed
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  71. Singh, V., Singh, S. P., and Chan, K. Review and meta-analysis of usage of ginkgo as an adjunct therapy in chronic schizophrenia. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2010;13(2):257-271.
  72. Kim, T. E., Kim, B. H., Kim, J., Kim, K. P., Yi, S., Shin, H. S., Lee, Y. O., Lee, K. H., Shin, S. G., Jang, I. J., and Yu, K. S. Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of ticlopidine between administration of a combined fixed-dose tablet formulation of ticl
  73. Nicolai, S. P., Gerardu, V. C., Kruidenier, L. M., Prins, M. H., and Teijink, J. A. From the Cochrane library: Ginkgo biloba for intermittent claudication. Vasa 2010;39(2):153-158. PubMed
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  75. Pedroso, J. L., Henriques Aquino, C. C., Escorcio Bezerra, M. L., Baiense, R. F., Suarez, M. M., Dutra, L. A., Braga-Neto, P., and Povoas Barsottini, O. G. Ginkgo biloba and cerebral bleeding: a case report and critical review. Neurologist. 2011;17(2):89 PubMed
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  77. Zhou, Y. and Zeng, R. [Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on anticoagulation and blood drug level of warfarin in healthy wolunteers]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2011;36(16):2290-2293. DOI
  78. Skogh, M. Extracts of Ginkgo biloba and bleeding or haemorrhage. Lancet 10-3-1998;352(9134):1145-1146. PubMed
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  81. Dai LL, Fan L, Wu HZ, Tan ZR, Chen Y, Peng XD, Shen MX, Yang GP, Zhou HH. Assessment of a pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between simvastatin and Ginkgo biloba extracts in healthy subjects. Xenobiotica 2013;43(10):862-7.
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See these in context on the Ginkgo monograph →

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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