Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 2 of 3 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Metabo379 Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by BioTrust Nutrition

Metabo379 label
See full label image
Capsule Category: Botanical
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 23, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Metabo379 against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Metabo379 is a dietary supplement by BioTrust Nutrition with 3 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for flavoring and culinary use, digestive complaints like bloating and indigestion, boosting absorption of other supplements.Based on those ingredients, 1,019 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are BioPerine Piper nigrum [fruit] extract, Garcinia mangostana [fruit rind] extract. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

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Check Your Meds Against Metabo379 by BioTrust Nutrition

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Metabo379 by BioTrust Nutrition — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Metabo379 by BioTrust Nutrition

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Aug 20, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 1 of its 3 active ingredients.
  • “SiGMALean Complex” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (400 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

Metabo379 contains 3 active ingredients. Mangosteen (from the fruit rind) and black pepper (BioPerine) are plant extracts with a history of traditional use.

The product also contains Sphaeranthus indicus extract from the flower heads. These are combined with inactive ingredients like cellulose, magnesium stearate, and silica, which are common capsule fillers and binders.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed

This product doesn't appear to be marketed for a specific use, so we graded its ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.

Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports its ingredients for:

Why this rating?
  • We looked at the product name, claims, and label statements and couldn't find a stated purpose to grade.
  • Since the label doesn't commit to one use, we graded the ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.
  • On file: Periodontitis — rated "Possibly Effective" (Mangosteen) (Natural Medicines).

The evidence for these ingredients is mixed and mostly limited. Mangosteen has possibly effective evidence for periodontitis (gum disease), but insufficient evidence for androgenic alopecia (male pattern baldness) and Alzheimer's disease.

Black pepper's effectiveness is not established in our data for the conditions listed—allergic rhinitis, asthma, athletic performance, headache, depression, and diarrhea all show insufficient evidence. There is no effectiveness data on file for Sphaeranthus indicus.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Black Pepper Mangosteen

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 2 of the 2 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 2 of 2.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 2 of 2.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Mangosteen is generally considered safe as a food, but long-term safety of concentrated supplements hasn't been well studied. At doses up to 560 mg daily, some trial participants reported tiredness, headache, dizziness, mild stomach upset, and constipation, though it's unclear whether mangosteen caused them.

Black pepper is well tolerated in food amounts and as a single medicinal dose; most side effects reported are minor—burning aftertaste, upset stomach, and reduced taste. Allergic reactions are rare but can occur in sensitive individuals.

Mangosteen should be avoided during pregnancy and breastfeeding because there isn't enough safety information. Black pepper is likely safe in pregnancy and lactation at normal dietary levels, but concentrated supplements in pregnancy are listed as possibly unsafe—talk with your doctor or pharmacist about the amounts in this product.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Black Pepper Mangosteen

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 2 of the 2 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Black Pepper, Mangosteen.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; diabetes medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 1,020 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Check with your doctor or pharmacist before taking Metabo379 if you use anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs (warfarin, apixaban, aspirin)—mangosteen may raise bleeding risk. Black pepper may increase blood levels of propranolol, nevirapine, rifampin, phenytoin, cyclosporine, pentobarbital, atorvastatin, or theophylline, which could strengthen their effects or cause side effects.

It may also boost donepezil. Any of these medications warrants a conversation with your healthcare provider before you start.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with some supporting evidence behind its ingredients' uses. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

Metabo379 may be worth considering if you're interested in mangosteen or black pepper's traditional uses, but the evidence for effectiveness is weak or absent for most claimed purposes. The real concern is drug interactions: if you take any blood thinners, heart medications, anti-seizure drugs, antiretrovirals, antibiotics, cholesterol drugs, or asthma medications, you need to check this product against your specific prescriptions before starting.

Talk with your doctor or pharmacist before adding it to your routine.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 2 of 3 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Apr 25, 2017.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Metabo379, straight from the product label.

Brand BioTrust Nutrition
Barcode (UPC) 096802959356
Net contents 60 Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Apr 25, 2017
DSLD ID 72866
Product type Botanical
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free, Sugar Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Metabo379 by BioTrust Nutrition, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Capsule(s)
Servings per container
60
UPC/BARCODE
096802959356
IngredientAmount% DV
Sphaeranthus indicus [flower heads] extract0 NP--
Garcinia mangostana [fruit rind] extract0 NP--
BioPerine Piper nigrum [fruit] extract5 mg--
SiGMALean Complex400 mg--

Other ingredients: Vegetable Cellulose, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Magnesium Stearate, Silicon Dioxide

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Directions: Take one (1) capsule two (2) times daily just prior to meals. Do not take more than two (2) capsules in any 24-hour period.

Warning: This product is for use by healthy adults over 18 years old.

Formula

Metabo379 combines two unique herbal extracts, sphaeranthus indicus and garcinia mangostana, to create our potent SIGMALean complex.

General Statements

This revolutionary herbal blend has two published double-blind, placebo-controlled, peer-reviewed studies validating its groundbreaking effectiveness. In the 8-week trial, participants experienced the following results on average over the placebo group: 3.79x more weight loss 2.2x reduction in waist and hip measurements Both weight loss and size reduction starting at 2 weeks

Quality Guarantee: Independent laboratory testing ensures potency and purity.

To reorder visit BioTrust.com or call 1-800-766-5086

3.79x more weight loss

Non-stimulant Fat Metabolism Booster 3.79x increase in weight loss 2.2x decrease in waist & hip size Results seen in as little as 2 weeks Potent & research-proven

Results vs. placebo in this 8 week double-blind, placebo-controlled, peer-reviewed study: J.S. Stern et al. (2013) Efficacy and Tolerability of a Novel Herbal Formulation for Weight Management, Obesity (silver spring). May; 21(5);921-7. These results were the average for the 60 participants of the study. As individuals vary, so will your results.

More information and scientific studies are available at BioTrust.com.

Brand IP Statement(s)

Adding BioPerine, a naturally-derived, patented extract shown in studies to enhance bioavailability and absorption, further improves this already effective and research-backed formula.

Ignite your fat-burning metabolism

Honest nutrition for your ultimate body

BioPerine BioPerine is a registered trademark of Sabinsa Corporation.

Active ingredient in SIGMALean is exclusively distributed by InterHealth N.I.

Precautions

Do not take this product if you are at risk of or are being treated for any medical condition. Consult your physician before use if you are taking any prescription or over-the-counter medications.

Discontinue use and consult your physician if you experience any adverse reaction to this product. Do not exceed recommended serving size or suggested use.

Keep out of reach of children.

Made in a facility that also processes milk, egg, fish, crustacean shellfish, tree nuts, peanuts, wheat, soy.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place with lid tightly closed.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

Formulation

No sugar and no artificial sweeteners, flavors, colors or preservatives added. Gluten-free.

General

ITEM 1201 REV 8

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Metabo379 by BioTrust Nutrition label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Metabo379 label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Metabo379 by BioTrust Nutrition

These are the 3 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container60 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

BioPerine Piper nigrum [fruit] extract

Interacts with
1,019 drugs
5 mg per serving

Black pepper is a common kitchen spice that is generally safe in the amounts used in food. Its extract, piperine, is mostly added to supplements to he...

BioPerine Piper nigrum [fruit] extract monograph & interactions

SiGMALean Complex

400 mg per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Vegetable Cellulose, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Magnesium Stearate, Silicon Dioxide. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Metabo379 by BioTrust Nutrition Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Metabo379?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
1,019Drugs
976 Moderate 43 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

BioPerine Piper nigrum [fruit] extract 1,019
Garcinia mangostana [fruit rind] extract 125

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Metabo379 interact with 1,019 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

2 of the 3 ingredients in Metabo379 interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. BioPerine Piper nigrum [fruit] extract Garcinia mangostana [fruit rind] extract

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Metabo379 with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

BioPerine Piper nigrum [fruit] extract17 drug types · 1,019 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, black pepper might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
In vitro research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, seems to inhibit platelet aggregation. This has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, black pepper might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Animal research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, can reduce blood glucose levels. Monitor blood glucose levels closely. Dose adjustments might be necessary.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Atorvastatin (Lipitor)

Theoretically, black pepper might increase blood levels of atorvastatin.
Animal research shows that taking piperine, a constituent of black pepper, 35 mg/kg can increase the maximum serum concentration of atorvastatin three-fold. This has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)

Theoretically, black pepper might increase the effects and side effects of cyclosporine.
In vitro research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, increases the bioavailability of cyclosporine. This has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates

Theoretically, black pepper might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
In vitro research suggests that some constituents of black pepper inhibit CYP2D6. This has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, black pepper might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
In vitro research and pharmacokinetic simulation data suggest that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, as well as the pepper fruit seem to inhibit CYP3A4. This has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Lithium

Theoretically, black pepper might increase blood levels of lithium due to its diuretic effects. The dose of lithium might need to be reduced.
Black pepper is thought to have diuretic properties.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Nevirapine (Viramune)

Black pepper might increase blood levels of nevirapine.
Clinical research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, increases the plasma concentration of nevirapine. However, no adverse effects were observed in this study.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
P-Glycoprotein Substrates

Theoretically, black pepper might increase levels of P-glycoprotein substrates.
In vitro research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, seems to inhibit P-glycoprotein.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Pentobarbital (Nembutal)

Theoretically, black pepper might increase the sedative effects of pentobarbital.
Animal research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, increases pentobarbital-induced sleeping time.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Phenytoin (Dilantin)

Black pepper might increase blood levels of phenytoin.
Clinical research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, seems to increase absorption, slow elimination, and increase levels of phenytoin. Taking a single dose of black pepper 1 gram along with phenytoin seems to double the serum concentration of phenytoin. Consuming a soup with black pepper providing piperine 44 mg/200 mL of soup along with phenytoin also seems to increase phenytoin levels when compared with consuming the same soup without black pepper.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Propranolol (Inderal)

Black pepper might increase blood levels of propranolol.
Clinical research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, seems to increase absorption and slow elimination of propranolol.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Rifampin (Rifadin)

Black pepper might increase blood levels of rifampin.
Clinical research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, seems to increase absorption and serum levels of rifampin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Theophylline

Black pepper might increase blood levels of theophylline.
Clinical research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, seems to increase absorption and slow elimination of theophylline.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Amoxicillin (Amoxil, Trimox)

Theoretically, black pepper might increase the effects and side effects of amoxicillin.
Animal research shows that taking piperine, a constituent of black pepper, with amoxicillin increases plasma levels of amoxicillin. This has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

Theoretically, black pepper might increase blood levels of carbamazepine, potentially increasing the effects and side effects of carbamazepine.
One clinical study in patients taking carbamazepine 300 mg or 500 mg twice daily shows that taking a single 20 mg dose of purified piperine, a constituent of black pepper, increases carbamazepine levels. Piperine may increase carbamazepine absorption by increasing blood flow to the GI tract, increasing the surface area of the small intestine, or inhibiting cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) in the gut wall. Absorption was significantly increased by 7-10 mcg/mL/hour. The time to eliminate carbamazepine was also increased by 4-8 hours. Although carbamazepine levels were increased, this did not appear to increase side effects. In vitro research also shows that piperine can increase carbamazepine levels by 11% in a time-dependent manner.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, black pepper might decrease levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
In vitro research suggests that black pepper induces CYP1A2. This has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
BioPerine Piper nigrum [fruit] extract full monograph & interactions

Garcinia mangostana [fruit rind] extract2 drug types · 125 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use of mangosteen with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs may increase the risk of bleeding.
In vitro and animal research shows that gamma-mangostin, a constituent of mangosteen, is a potent and competitive antagonist of the serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) receptor. Antagonism of the 5-HT2A receptor is believed to reduce platelet aggregation.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Donepezil (Aricept)

Theoretically, concomitant use of mangosteen with donepezil might increase the effects of donepezil.
Animal research shows that concomitant use of an aqueous extract of mangosteen pericarp with donepezil increases brain concentrations of donepezil at 4 hours by 64% without associated effects on systemic exposure.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Garcinia mangostana [fruit rind] extract full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Metabo379, from the product label.

BioTrust Nutrition

See all BioTrust Nutrition products
Name
BioTrust Nutrition
City
Austin
State
TX
ZipCode
78701
Phone Number
1-800-766-5086
Web Address
BioTrust.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Metabo379 by BioTrust Nutrition: Common Questions

Does Metabo379 by BioTrust Nutrition interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Metabo379 has a known interaction with 1,019 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Metabo379 contains 3 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is mangosteen actually effective for anything?
Mangosteen has possibly effective evidence for periodontitis, a gum disease. For androgenic alopecia (hair loss), Alzheimer's disease, and eczema, we don't have enough reliable evidence to say whether it works or not.
What side effects might I get from this?
Mangosteen extract has been reported to cause tiredness, headache, dizziness, upset stomach, constipation, and occasionally cough or nasal congestion—though it's not certain mangosteen caused them. Black pepper is generally well tolerated but can cause a burning aftertaste, upset stomach, or reduced taste perception.
Can I take this if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
Mangosteen should be avoided during pregnancy and breastfeeding because there isn't enough safety data. Black pepper is likely safe at normal food amounts during pregnancy and breastfeeding, but the concentrated supplement form in pregnancy is possibly unsafe—ask your doctor or pharmacist about the amounts in this product and whether it's right for you.
What is black pepper doing in a supplement?
Black pepper contains piperine, which may help your body absorb other ingredients more efficiently. However, this same effect means it can increase how much of certain medications gets into your bloodstream, which is why it has so many drug interactions.
Why does this product interact with so many medications?
Black pepper's piperine can slow how your body clears drugs and speed up how much of them you absorb, which affects a wide range of medications—from blood pressure drugs to antibiotics to cholesterol medications. Mangosteen has fewer interactions but still affects blood thinners and donepezil.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Metabo379 is safe with your meds?

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Metabo379 label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Metabo379’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Black Pepper

Interacts with 1,019 drugs

Black pepper is a common kitchen spice that is generally safe in the amounts used in food. Its extract, piperine, is mostly added to supplements to help the body absorb other ingredients (li...

Read the full Black Pepper monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Mangosteen

Interacts with 125 drugs

Mangosteen is a tropical fruit whose rind is rich in plant compounds called xanthones that act as antioxidants. While it is popular in juices and supplements for inflammation, immune support...

Read the full Mangosteen monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Metabo379's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 35 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Mangosteen 6 references
  1. Chairungsrilerd N, Furukawa K, Ohta T, et al. Histaminergic and serotonergic receptor blocking substances from the medicinal plant Garcinia mangostana. Planta Med 1996;62:471-2.
  2. Wong LP, Klemmer PJ. Severe lactic acidosis associated with juice of the mangosteen fruit Garcinia mangostana. Am J Kidney Dis 2008;51:829-33. PubMed
  3. Furukawa, K., Chairungsrilerd, N., Ohta, T., Nozoe, S., and Ohizumi, Y. [Novel types of receptor antagonists from the medicinal plant Garcinia mangostana]. Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi 1997;110 Suppl 1:153P-158P. PubMed
  4. Chairungsrilerd, N., Furukawa, K., Tadano, T., Kisara, K., and Ohizumi, Y. Effect of gamma-mangostin through the inhibition of 5-hydroxy-tryptamine2A receptors in 5-fluoro-alpha-methyltryptamine-induced head-twitch responses of mice. Br J Pharmacol. 1998
  5. Suthammarak W, Numpraphrut P, Charoensakdi R, et al. Antioxidant-enhancing property of the polar fraction of mangosteen pericarp extract and evaluation of its safety in humans. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2016;2016:1293036. PubMed
  6. Bae M, Han SY, Kim ES, et al. Effect of Water Extract of Mangosteen Pericarp on Donepezil Pharmacokinetics in Mice. Molecules 2021;26(17):5246. PubMed

See these in context on the Mangosteen monograph →

Black Pepper 29 references
  1. Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics. 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
  2. Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
  3. Bano G, Amla V, Raina RK, et al. The effect of piperine on pharmacokinetics of phenytoin in healthy volunteers. Planta Med 1987;53:568-9. PubMed
  4. Bano G, et al. Effect of piperine on bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of propranolol and theophylline in healthy volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1991;41;615-7. PubMed
  5. Cohle SD, Trestrail JD III, Graham MA, et al. Fatal pepper aspiration. Am J Dis Child 1988;142:633-6. PubMed
  6. Bhardwaj RK, Glaeser H, Becquemont L, et al. Piperine, a major constituent of black pepper, inhibits human P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2002;302:645-50. PubMed
  7. Velpandian T, Jasuja R, Bhardwaj RK, et al. Piperine in food: interference in the pharmacokinetics of phenytoin. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2001;26:241-7. PubMed
  8. Pattanaik S, Hota D, Prabhakar S, et al. Pharmacokinetic interaction of a single dose of piperine with steady-state carbamazepine in epilepsy patients. Phytother Res 2009;23:1281-6.
  9. Munakata, M., Kobayashi, K., Niisato-Nezu, J., Tanaka, S., Kakisaka, Y., Ebihara, T., Ebihara, S., Haginoya, K., Tsuchiya, S., and Onuma, A. Olfactory stimulation using black pepper oil facilitates oral feeding in pediatric patients receiving long-term en
  10. Myers, B. M., Smith, J. L., and Graham, D. Y. Effect of red pepper and black pepper on the stomach. Am J Gastroenterol 1987;82(3):211-214.
  11. Raghavendra, R. H. and Naidu, K. A. Spice active principles as the inhibitors of human platelet aggregation and thromboxane biosynthesis. Prostaglandins Leukot.Essent.Fatty Acids 2009;81(1):73-78. PubMed
  12. Subehan, Usia, T., Kadota, S., and Tezuka, Y. Mechanism-based inhibition of human liver microsomal cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) by alkamides of Piper nigrum. Planta Med 2006;72(6):527-532.
  13. Kasibhatta, R. and Naidu, M. U. Influence of piperine on the pharmacokinetics of nevirapine under fasting conditions: a randomised, crossover, placebo-controlled study. Drugs R.D. 2007;8(6):383-391. PubMed
  14. Usia, T., Iwata, H., Hiratsuka, A., Watabe, T., Kadota, S., and Tezuka, Y. CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitory activities of Indonesian medicinal plants. Phytomedicine. 2006;13(1-2):67-73. PubMed
  15. Mujumdar, A. M., Dhuley, J. N., Deshmukh, V. K., Raman, P. H., Thorat, S. L., and Naik, S. R. Effect of piperine on pentobarbitone induced hypnosis in rats. Indian J Exp.Biol. 1990;28(5):486-487.
  16. Panda, S. and Kar, A. Piperine lowers the serum concentrations of thyroid hormones, glucose and hepatic 5'D activity in adult male mice. Horm.Metab Res. 2003;35(9):523-526. PubMed
  17. Lawless, H. and Stevens, D. A. Effects of oral chemical irritation on taste. Physiol Behav. 1984;32(6):995-998. PubMed
  18. Hiwale, A. R., Dhuley, J. N., and Naik, S. R. Effect of co-administration of piperine on pharmacokinetics of beta-lactam antibiotics in rats. Indian J Exp.Biol. 2002;40(3):277-281.
  19. Han, Y., Chin Tan, T. M., and Lim, L. Y. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the effects of piperine on P-gp function and expression. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. 8-1-2008;230(3):283-289. PubMed
  20. Sharma, P., Varma, M. V., Chawla, H. P., and Panchagnula, R. In situ and in vivo efficacy of peroral absorption enhancers in rats and correlation to in vitro mechanistic studies. Farmaco 2005;60(11-12):874-883. PubMed
  21. Aher, S., Biradar, S., Gopu, C. L., and Paradkar, A. Novel pepper extract for enhanced P-glycoprotein inhibition. J Pharm.Pharmacol. 2009;61(9):1179-1186. PubMed
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See these in context on the Black Pepper monograph →

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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