Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 3 of 5 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Molotov Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Apollon Nutrition

Molotov label
See full label image
Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 9, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Molotov against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Molotov is a dietary supplement by Apollon Nutrition with 5 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for memory and cognitive support, nerve pain (neuropathy), energy and fatigue.Based on those ingredients, 437 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Capsimax, Acetyl-L-Carnitine Hydrochloride. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

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Check Your Meds Against Molotov by Apollon Nutrition

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Molotov by Apollon Nutrition — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Molotov by Apollon Nutrition

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Aug 20, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 5 of its 5 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

Molotov contains 5 active ingredients. Acetyl-L-carnitine is an amino acid compound studied for age-related memory changes, Alzheimer disease, alcohol use disorder, nerve pain from diabetes, and depression.

Paradoxine (grains of paradise) and Capsimax (capsicum extract) are plant-based compounds often used in weight-management and energy formulas. MitoBurn and gamma-butyrobetaine HCl are included as well.

The capsule itself contains gelatin, titanium dioxide, and FD&C Red No. 40.

Does it work?

Not established
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Not established

The graded evidence we hold for these ingredients covers different conditions than the ones this product is marketed for, so there's no established rating for its stated use.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: non-stim fat burning and thermogenic support.
  • We looked for evidence on: Obesity, Weight management, Metabolic rate, Thermogenesis.
  • The closest evidence on file: Acetyl-l-carnitine is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Obesity (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Capsicum is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Obesity.

Evidence exists for acetyl-L-carnitine in several areas: it's rated possibly effective for age-related cognitive decline, Alzheimer disease, alcohol use disorder, diabetic nerve pain, and depression. Capsimax (capsicum) is rated likely effective for pain after shingles (postherpetic neuralgia) and diabetic neuropathy, and possibly effective for cluster headaches, back pain, and nausea after surgery.

We hold no effectiveness data for Paradoxine, MitoBurn, or gamma-butyrobetaine HCl.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Acetyl-l-carnitine Grains Of Paradise Capsicum

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 2 of the 3 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 3 of 3.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 3 of 3.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Acetyl-L-carnitine is generally well tolerated short-term, though long-term safety isn't fully established. Common side effects include agitation, dry mouth, headache, insomnia, loss of appetite, and in some cases a fishy odor to urine, breath, and sweat.

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and stomach upset can occur but typically don't appear more often than with placebo. People with Alzheimer disease have reported psychiatric changes such as depression, mania, confusion, and aggression, though it's unclear whether acetyl-L-carnitine caused them or the condition did.

Capsicum is generally well tolerated in food amounts and doses up to 200 mg daily, with common side effects being belching, bloating, burning, diarrhea, indigestion, gas, headache, mild constipation, nausea, and flushing. For pregnancy: acetyl-L-carnitine safety data is not complete enough to advise you—talk with your doctor.

Paradoxine should be avoided during pregnancy due to insufficient safety data. Capsimax is rated likely safe in food amounts during pregnancy but concentrated supplement amounts are not well studied; discuss with your doctor.

For breastfeeding: acetyl-L-carnitine safety is unknown and should be avoided; Paradoxine has too little information and should be avoided; Capsimax in food amounts is likely safe but concentrated supplements are not well studied.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Acetyl-l-carnitine Grains Of Paradise Capsicum

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 2 of the 3 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Acetyl-l-carnitine, Capsicum.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; diabetes medications.
  • For scale: 437 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking Molotov, check your medications against these types: serotonergic drugs (antidepressants and related medications) for serotonin syndrome risk; blood thinners and antiplatelet drugs (including warfarin and aspirin) for increased bleeding risk; thyroid hormone replacement for reduced effectiveness; antidiabetes medications for low blood sugar risk; and theophylline, ACE inhibitors, and ciprofloxacin. No interactions are documented for MitoBurn or gamma-butyrobetaine HCl because we hold no data for them.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with no established evidence rating for its marketed use. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

Molotov may appeal to people seeking support for cognitive function, nerve pain, or weight management based on its active ingredients. However, if you take any blood thinners, antidepressants, thyroid medication, blood pressure drugs, diabetes medications, or several other prescription or over-the-counter drugs, you'll need to check this product carefully before starting.

Talk with your doctor or pharmacist about whether it's right for you and how it might affect your current medications.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 3 of 5 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Aug 23, 2023.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Molotov, straight from the product label.

Brand Apollon Nutrition
Barcode (UPC) 850862007859
Net contents 120 Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Aug 23, 2023
DSLD ID 295358
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Women (not pregnant or lactating)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Molotov by Apollon Nutrition, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
2 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
4 Capsule(s)
Servings per container
30
UPC/BARCODE
850862007859
IngredientAmount% DV
Acetyl-L-Carnitine Hydrochloride2000 mg--
Paradoxine225 mg--
MitoBurn500 mg--
Capsimax100 mg--
Gamma-Butyrobetaine HCl50 mg--

Other ingredients: Gelatin, Titanium Dioxide, FD&C Red No. 40

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formulation

Apollon Nutrition presents Molotov, a non-stim fat burning and powerful thermogenic, that can be taken any time of day. Molotov will light your fat burning fire!

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested use: Molotov is a powerful non-stim thermogenic fat burner. To asses your tolerance start with 2 capsules per day. Once your tolerance has been assessed, take 4 capsules once a day or split into two servings. For best results use 8-12 weeks in conjunction with calorie reduced diet and regular exercise. Consume 8-10 glasses of water daily.

Do not use if you are pregnant, breastfeeding, have known medical conditions (including but not limited to kidney, heart or liver disease or are taking prescription or OTC medication(s).

Precautions

Warning: This product is only intended to be consumed by healthy adults 18 years of age or older.

Consult with your health care practitioner before using this product. Do not use under extreme conditions of heat, cardiovascular exertion or dehydration. Discontinue use and consult with your health care professional if you experience any adverse reaction to this product. Do not exceed recommended serving.

Keep out of the reach of children.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Brand IP Statement(s)

Apollon Nutrition and Molotov are trademarks of Apollon Nutrition, LLC. Copyright 2021, All Rights Reserved.

MitoBurb Paradoxine Capsimax MitoBurn is a registered trademark of NNB Nutrition, Inc. Paradoxine is a registered trademark of Win Health International Co., Ltd. Capsimax is a registered trademark of Omniactive Health Technologies Ltd.

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Seals/Symbols

Manufactured in the USA Of International And Domestic Ingredients GMP Good Manufacturing Practice Consistent Quality

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Molotov by Apollon Nutrition label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Molotov label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Molotov by Apollon Nutrition

These are the 5 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size2 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Acetyl-L-Carnitine Hydrochloride

Interacts with
203 drugs
2000 mg per serving

Acetyl-L-carnitine is a form of the amino acid carnitine that the body uses to help produce energy in cells. It is most studied for nerve pain and mem...

Acetyl-L-Carnitine Hydrochloride monograph & interactions

Paradoxine

No known
interactions
225 mg per serving Form: Grains of Paradise Seed Extract

Grains of paradise is a West African spice in the ginger family that people use for digestion, as a spice, and more recently in supplements aimed at m...

Paradoxine monograph & interactions

MitoBurn

500 mg per serving Form: Beta-Aminoisobutyric Acid

Capsimax

Interacts with
239 drugs
100 mg per serving Form: Capsicum Fruit Extract

Capsicum (chili pepper) contains capsaicin, which is best known and best studied as a topical treatment for certain types of pain. Topical capsaicin p...

Capsimax monograph & interactions

Gamma-Butyrobetaine HCl

50 mg per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Gelatin, Titanium Dioxide, FD&C Red No. 40. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Molotov by Apollon Nutrition Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Molotov?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
437Drugs
413 Moderate 24 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Capsimax 239
Acetyl-L-Carnitine Hydrochloride 203

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Molotov interact with 437 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

2 of the 5 ingredients in Molotov interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Capsimax Acetyl-L-Carnitine Hydrochloride

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Molotov with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Capsimax6 drug types · 239 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, capsicum may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro research shows that capsicum might increase the effects of antiplatelet drugs. Also, population research shows that capsicum is associated with an increased risk of self-reported bleeding in patients taking warfarin. However, clinical research shows that taking a single dose of capsaicin (Asian Herbex Ltd.), the active ingredient in capsicum, 400-800 mcg orally in combination with aspirin 500 mg does not decrease platelet aggregation when compared with taking aspirin 500 mg alone. Also, there was no notable effect on measures of platelet aggregation with capsaicin. It is unclear whether capsaicin must be used in more than a single dose to affect platelet aggregation.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking capsicum with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Preliminary clinical research shows that consuming capsicum 5 grams along with a glucose drink attenuates the rise in plasma glucose after 30 minutes by 21%, decreases the 2-hour postprandial area under the curve of plasma glucose by 11%, and increases the 2-hour postprandial area under the curve of plasma insulin by 58% in healthy individuals when compared with placebo. Other clinical research shows that taking capsicum 5 mg daily for 28 days significantly reduces postprandial blood glucose and insulin levels, but not fasting blood glucose and insulin levels, in patients with gestational diabetes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Aspirin

Theoretically, taking capsicum with aspirin might reduce the bioavailability of aspirin.
Animal research shows that acute or chronic intake of capsicum pepper reduces oral aspirin bioavailability. This has not been shown in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Theophylline

Theoretically, taking capsicum with theophylline might increase the levels and adverse effects of theophylline.
In animal research, oral administration of capsicum reduced excretion of theophylline. However, capsicum does not seem to affect the pharmacokinetics of theophylline when administered intravenously.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Ace Inhibitors (Aceis)

Theoretically, using topical capsaicin may increase the risk of ACE inhibitor-induced cough.
There is one case report of a topically applied capsaicin cream contributing to the cough reflex in a patient using an ACEI. However, it is unclear if this interaction is clinically significant.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)

Theoretically, taking capsicum with ciprofloxacin might increase levels and adverse effects of ciprofloxacin.
Animal research shows that concomitant use of capsaicin, the active constituent of capsicum, and ciprofloxacin increases the bioavailability of ciprofloxacin by up to 70%.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Capsimax full monograph & interactions

Acetyl-L-Carnitine Hydrochloride4 drug types · 203 drugs

Acenocoumarol (Sintrom)

Theoretically, acetyl-L-carnitine might increase the anticoagulant effects of acenocoumarol.
L-carnitine, the parent compound of acetyl-L-carnitine, might enhance the anticoagulant effects of acenocoumarol, an oral anticoagulant that is similar to warfarin, but shorter-acting. There are at least two case reports of INR elevation when L-carnitine was taken with acenocoumarol. In one case, a 33-year-old male with a previously stable INR had an elevated INR of 4.65 after L-carnitine was started and continued for 10 weeks. INR normalized after discontinuation of the L-carnitine-containing product. It is unclear if such an interaction would also occur with acetyl-L-carnitine.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Serotonergic Drugs

Theoretically, acetyl-L-carnitine might increase the risk of serotonergic side effects, including serotonin syndrome and cerebral vasoconstrictive disorders, when taken with serotonergic drugs.
Animal research shows that acetyl-L-carnitine can increase levels of serotonin in the brain.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Thyroid Hormone

Theoretically, acetyl-L-carnitine might decrease the effectiveness of thyroid hormone replacement.
L-carnitine appears to act as a peripheral thyroid hormone antagonist by inhibiting entry of thyroid hormone into the nucleus of cells. Taking L-carnitine also seems to diminish some of the symptoms of hyperthyroidism. It is unclear if such an interaction would occur with acetyl-L-carnitine.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, acetyl-L-carnitine might increase the anticoagulant effects of warfarin.
L-carnitine, the parent compound of acetyl-L-carnitine, might increase the anticoagulant effects of acenocoumarol, a shorter-acting oral anticoagulant similar to warfarin. There is not enough information to know whether this interaction occurs with acetyl-L-carnitine and warfarin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Acetyl-L-Carnitine Hydrochloride full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Molotov, from the product label.

Apollon Nutrition

See all Apollon Nutrition products
Name
Apollon Nutrition
Street Address
160 Talmadge Road
City
Edison
State
NJ
ZipCode
08817
Phone Number
(732) 243-9350
Web Address
ApollonNutrition.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Molotov by Apollon Nutrition: Common Questions

Does Molotov by Apollon Nutrition interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Molotov has a known interaction with 437 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Molotov contains 5 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
What is acetyl-L-carnitine supposed to do?
Acetyl-L-carnitine is an amino acid compound studied for memory and cognitive function in aging and Alzheimer disease, as well as for nerve pain from diabetes, depression, and alcohol use disorder. The evidence for these uses is rated possibly effective based on available research.
What are the most common side effects I might experience?
With acetyl-L-carnitine, the most common side effects are agitation, dry mouth, headache, insomnia, and reduced appetite; some people also report a fishy odor to urine and sweat. Capsimax can cause belching, bloating, burning sensation, diarrhea, indigestion, gas, nausea, and flushing—mostly mild and temporary.
Can I take this while pregnant?
There isn't enough safety data on acetyl-L-carnitine to advise you either way during pregnancy—talk with your doctor. Paradoxine should be avoided during pregnancy. Capsimax in food amounts is likely safe, but concentrated supplement doses are not well studied; ask your doctor about the dose in this product.
Is it safe if I'm breastfeeding?
Acetyl-L-carnitine safety while breastfeeding is unknown and should be avoided. Paradoxine has too little information and should be avoided. Capsimax in normal food amounts is likely safe, but the safety of concentrated supplements is not well established—discuss with your doctor.
What does Capsimax do in this product?
Capsimax is a capsicum (chili pepper) extract rated likely effective for nerve pain after shingles and diabetic neuropathy, and possibly effective for cluster headaches, back pain, and nausea after surgery. It's included in this product for its pain-relief and metabolic properties.
Why does the interaction list have so many medications?
Acetyl-L-carnitine interacts with three major drug classes (serotonergic drugs, blood thinners, and thyroid medications), and Capsimax interacts with several others including anticoagulants, diabetes drugs, and theophylline. Altogether these span 437 individual medications, which is why checking your specific prescriptions is important.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Molotov label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Molotov’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Acetyl-l-carnitine

Interacts with 203 drugs

Acetyl-L-carnitine is a form of the amino acid carnitine that the body uses to help produce energy in cells. It is most studied for nerve pain and memory-related conditions, though the evide...

Read the full Acetyl-l-carnitine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Grains Of Paradise

Grains of paradise is a West African spice in the ginger family that people use for digestion, as a spice, and more recently in supplements aimed at metabolism. Early human research suggests...

Read the full Grains Of Paradise monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Capsicum

Interacts with 239 drugs

Capsicum (chili pepper) contains capsaicin, which is best known and best studied as a topical treatment for certain types of pain. Topical capsaicin products are supported by reasonable evid...

Read the full Capsicum monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Molotov's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 113 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Acetyl-l-carnitine 22 references
  1. Thal LJ, Carta A, Clarke WR, et al. A 1-year multicenter placebo-controlled study of acetyl-L-carnitine in patients with Alzheimer's Disease. Neurology 1996;47:705-11. PubMed
  2. Sano M, Bell K, Cote L, et al. Double-blind parallel design pilot study of acetyl levocarnitine in patients with Alzheimer's Disease. Arch Neurol 1992;49:1137-41. PubMed
  3. Spagnoli A, Lucca U, Menasce G, et al. Long-term acetyl-L-carnitine treatment in Alzheimer's Disease. Neurology 1991;41:1726-32. PubMed
  4. Brooks JO 3rd, Yesavage JA, Carta A, Bravi D. Acetyl L-carnitine slows decline in younger patients with Alzheimer's disease: a reanalysis of a double-blind, placebo-controlled study using the trilinear approach. Int Psychoger 1998;10:193-203. PubMed
  5. Pettegrew JW, Klunk WE, Panchalingam K, et al. Clinical and neurochemical effects of acetyl-L-carnitine in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 1995;16:1-4. PubMed
  6. Rai G, Wright G, Scott L, et al. Double-blind, placebo controlled study of acetyl-l-carnitine in patients with Alzheimer's dementia. Curr Med Res Opin 1990;11:638-47. PubMed
  7. Benvenga S, Ruggeri RM, Russo A, et al. Usefulness of L-carnitine, a naturally occurring peripheral antagonist of thyroid hormone action, in iatrogenic hyperthyroidism: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Clin Endocrinol Meta
  8. Montgomery SA, Thal LJ, Amrein R. Meta-analysis of double blind randomized controlled clinical trials of acetyl-L-carnitine versus placebo in the treatment of mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer's disease. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2003;18:61-71.. PubMed
  9. Martinez E, Domingo P, Roca-Cusachs A. Potentiation of acenocoumarol action by L-carnitine. J Intern Med 1993;233:94.
  10. Hudson S, Tabet N. Acetyl-L-carnitine for dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003;2:CD003158.. PubMed
  11. Bachmann HU, Hoffmann A. Interaction of food supplement L-carnitine with oral anticoagulant acenocoumarol. Swiss Med Wkly 2004;134:385. PubMed
  12. De Grandis D, Minardi C. Acetyl-L-carnitine (levacecarnine) in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy. A long-term, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Drugs R D 2002;3:223-31. PubMed
  13. 12761 Benvenga S, Amato A, Calvani M, Trimarchi F. Effects of carnitine on thyroid hormone action. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2004;1033:158-67. PubMed
  14. Sima AAF, Calvani M, Mehra M, et al. Acetyl-L-carnitine improves pain, nerve regeneration, and vibratory perception in patients with chronic diabetic neuropathy: An analysis of two randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Diabetes Care 2005;28:89-94.
  15. Youle, M. and Osio, M. A double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, multicentre study of acetyl L-carnitine in the symptomatic treatment of antiretroviral toxic neuropathy in patients with HIV-1 infection. HIV.Med. 2007;8(4):241-250.
  16. Brennan BP, Jensen JE, Hudson JI, Coit CE, Beaulieu A, Pope HG Jr, Renshaw PF, Cohen BM. A placebo-controlled trial of acetyl-L-carnitine and a-lipoic acid in the treatment of bipolar depression. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2013 Oct;33(5):627-35.
  17. Ledinek AH, Sajko MC, Rot U. Evaluating the effects of amantadin, modafinil and acetyl-L-carnitine on fatigue in multiple sclerosis--result of a pilot randomized, blind study. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2013 Dec;115 Suppl 1:S86-9. PubMed
  18. Martinotti G, Andreoli S, Reina D, Di Nicola M, Ortolani I, Tedeschi D, Fanella F, Pozzi G, Iannoni E, D'Iddio S, Prof LJ. Acetyl-l-Carnitine in the treatment of anhedonia, melancholic and negative symptoms in alcohol dependent subjects. Prog Neuropsychop PubMed
  19. Baek SM, Zheng R, Seo EJ, Hwang DY, Kim BH. Pharmacokinetic comparisons of two acetyl-L-carnitine formulations in healthy Korean volunteers. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2015;53(11):980-6. PubMed
  20. Goodison G, Overeem K, de Monte V, Siskind D. Mania associated with self-prescribed acetyl-l-carnitine in a man with bipolar I disorder. Australas Psychiatry. 2017;25(1):13-4.
  21. Bruno A, Pandolfo G, Crucitti M, Lorusso S, Zoccali RA, Muscatello MR. Acetyl-L-Carnitine Augmentation of Clozapine in Partial-Responder Schizophrenia: A 12-Week, Open-Label Uncontrolled Preliminary Study. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2016;39(6):277-80. PubMed
  22. Veronese N, Stubbs B, Solmi M, Ajnakina O, Carvalho AF, Maggi S. Acetyl-L-Carnitine Supplementation and the Treatment of Depressive Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Psychosom Med. 2018;80(2):154-9. PubMed

See these in context on the Acetyl-l-carnitine monograph →

Grains Of Paradise 2 references
  1. Dietary Supplements: What You Need to Know — NIH Office of Dietary Supplements Source
  2. Using Dietary Supplements Wisely — NIH NCCIH Source

See these in context on the Grains Of Paradise monograph →

Capsicum 89 references
  1. Covington TR, et al. Handbook of Nonprescription Drugs. 11th ed. Washington, DC: American Pharmaceutical Association, 1996.
  2. Cooper RL, Cooper MM. Red pepper-induced dermatitis in breast-fed infants. Dermatol 1996;93:61-2. PubMed
  3. Millqvist E. Cough provocation with capsaicin is an objective way to test sensory hyperreactivity in patients with asthma-like symptoms. Allergy 2000;55:546-50. DOI
  4. Locock RA. Capsicum. Can Pharm J 1985;118:517-9.
  5. Mason L, Moore RA, Derry S, et al. Systematic review of topical capsaicin for the treatment of chronic pain. BMJ 2004;328:991. PubMed
  6. Schmulson MJ, Valdovinos MA, Milke P. Chili pepper and rectal hyperalgesia in irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol 2003;98:1214-5. PubMed
  7. Surh YJ, Lee SS. Capsaicin in hot chili pepper: carcinogen, co-carcinogen or anticarcinogen? Food Chem Toxicol 1996;34:313-6. PubMed
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