Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 1 of 3 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Organic Echinacea Plus Elderberry Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Traditional Medicinals

Organic Echinacea Plus Elderberry label
See full label image
Other (e.g. Tea Bag) Category: Botanical
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 23, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Organic Echinacea Plus Elderberry against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Organic Echinacea Plus Elderberry is a dietary supplement by Traditional Medicinals with 3 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for common cold, flu and respiratory infections, immune support.Based on those ingredients, 1,243 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Echinacea purpurea. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Organic Echinacea Plus Elderberry by Traditional Medicinals

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Organic Echinacea Plus Elderberry by Traditional Medicinals — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Organic Echinacea Plus Elderberry by Traditional Medicinals

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Aug 27, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 2 of its 8 active ingredients.
  • “Proprietary Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (367.50 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.
  • “All Herbal Ingredients” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label doesn't break down how much of each component you get.

This tea contains 8 ingredients, including 6 active herbs: echinacea purpurea (both leaf and root extract), yarrow, German chamomile, European elder, peppermint, and ginger. These are blended together to support the immune system and general wellness during cold and flu season.

No inactive fillers are listed.

Does it work?

Not established
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Not established

The graded evidence we hold for these ingredients covers different conditions than the ones this product is marketed for, so there's no established rating for its stated use.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: Seasonal wellness and immune function support.
  • We looked for evidence on: Common cold, Influenza, Respiratory infection, Upper respiratory tract infection.
  • The closest evidence on file: Peppermint is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Common cold (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: German Chamomile is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Common cold.
  • Also on file: Ginger is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Upper respiratory tract infection (URTI).

The evidence for these ingredients is mixed. Peppermint has solid support — it's likely effective for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and possibly effective for indigestion and nausea from chemotherapy.

Ginger is possibly effective for pregnancy-related nausea, menstrual cramps, and osteoarthritis. For echinacea, yarrow, chamomile, and elder, the data we hold show insufficient reliable evidence to rate their effectiveness for the conditions studied, so we can't say whether they work for cold, flu, or immune support specifically.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Echinacea

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 5 of the 5 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 5 of 5.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 5 of 5.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Echinacea is generally well tolerated short-term but can cause allergic reactions — especially in people sensitive to ragweed and related plants (ragweed, chrysanthemums, marigolds, daisies). Rare serious effects include hepatitis and severe allergic reactions.

Yarrow is often used short-term; it's traditionally avoided in pregnancy because it may affect the uterus. Chamomile is generally well tolerated but carries allergy risk in ragweed-sensitive people and should be avoided in pregnancy unless your doctor approves.

Peppermint tea in food amounts is generally safe; concentrated oil or supplements warrant caution. Ginger is generally well tolerated in typical amounts — common mild side effects are belching, heartburn, diarrhea, and a burning sensation in the mouth.

Don't use more than 5 grams daily without checking with your doctor. European Elder and European Elder Fruit Concentrate have limited or no safety data on file.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Echinacea

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 5 of the 5 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Yarrow, Peppermint, German Chamomile, Ginger, Echinacea.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; diabetes medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 1,244 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this product, double-check with your doctor or pharmacist if you take blood thinners (warfarin, phenprocoumon) or antiplatelet drugs, diabetes medications, CNS depressants (sleeping pills, anxiety drugs, opioids), immunosuppressants, or lithium. Also flag any drugs metabolized by your liver enzymes CYP1A2, CYP2D6, CYP2C9, or CYP3A4 — a pharmacist can tell you if yours fit that category.

Caffeine levels may also rise by about 30% if you're taking this product.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with no established evidence rating for its marketed use. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This is a traditional herbal tea blend — generally well tolerated for short-term use by most people not taking medications that interact with echinacea, chamomile, peppermint, or ginger. If you take any prescription drugs, especially blood thinners, diabetes medications, sedatives, immunosuppressants, or lithium, check each of your medications against the tool on this page before starting.

Anyone allergic to ragweed or related plants should be cautious. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist about whether this blend is right for you and your health situation.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 6 of 8 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Mar 22, 2024.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Organic Echinacea Plus Elderberry, straight from the product label.

Brand Traditional Medicinals
Net contents 16 Wrapped Tea Bag(s); 0.85 Ounce(s); 24 Gram(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Mar 22, 2024
DSLD ID 306977
Product type Botanical
Supplement form Other (e.g. Tea Bag)
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Children 4 or More Years of Age, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Women (not pregnant or lactating), Organic
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Organic Echinacea Plus Elderberry by Traditional Medicinals, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Tea Bag(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Tea Bag(s)
Servings per container
16
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories0 Calorie(s)--
Proprietary Blend367.5 mg--
Echinacea purpurea1005 mg--
Yarrow0 NP--
Chamomile0 NP--
European Elder127.5 mg--
All Herbal Ingredients0 NP--
Peppermint0 NP--
Ginger0 NP--
Echinacea purpurea Root Extract, Dry0 NP--
European Elder Fruit Concentrate, Dry0 NP--

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
General Statements

Use this number on all correspondence related to this product JUN2025B0012650 Herbs that work From field to cup, we make sure our teas deliver the benefits of these amazing plants. To deliver consistent high quality teas, we source organically farmed or organically wild-collected herbs from ethical trading partnerships, seeking out medicinal-grade plants. Only a small fraction of the world's herb supply meets our high quality standards. Learn more about our farming communities and our work to create positive social impact at traditionalmedicinals.com

Formulation

Seasonal wellness Promotes immune function

Caffeine free

USDA Organic Certified organic by CCOF. All ingredients certified organic.

Non GMO Project Verified nongmoproject.org

Herbal power Fires up the immune system.

FDA Statement of Identity

Herbal Supplement

Seals/Symbols

USDA Organic

Non GMO Project Verified nongmoproject.org Certified B Corporations

Precautions

Consult your healthcare practitioner prior to use if you have an auto-immune disease, other immune system disorder, or if you take immunosuppressants.

Do not use if you are allergic to plants in the daisy (Asteraceae) family.

Do not use if you are pregnant or breastfeeding unless directed otherwise by your healthcare practitioner.

Not recommended for use with children under 12 years of age.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

Formula

Taste Sweet, tart flavor and fresh berry notes. Plant story Native American tribes have long prized echinacea and elderberry for their immune-stimulating properties. Our herbalists that combined them to create a tasty herbal power team that makes it easy to forget you're taking herbal medicine.

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Drink throughout the day when your system needs a boost. To enjoy Pour 8 oz. freshly boiled water over 1 tea bag. Cover & steep for 10-15 min. Squeeze & remove tea bag to ensure maximum goodness. Enjoy 5-6 cups throughout the day. Especially good with honey.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Organic Echinacea Plus Elderberry by Traditional Medicinals label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Organic Echinacea Plus Elderberry label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Organic Echinacea Plus Elderberry by Traditional Medicinals

These are the 3 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Tea Bag(s) Dosage formOther (e.g. Tea Bag) Servings per container16 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

All Herbal Ingredients

0 NP per serving
Interaction report

Organic Echinacea Plus Elderberry by Traditional Medicinals Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Organic Echinacea Plus Elderberry?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
1,243Drugs
1,235 Moderate 8 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Echinacea purpurea 816

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Organic Echinacea Plus Elderberry interact with 1,243 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

1 of the 3 ingredients in Organic Echinacea Plus Elderberry interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Echinacea purpurea

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Organic Echinacea Plus Elderberry with known interactions, here are the types of medications it can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Echinacea purpurea12 drug types · 816 drugs

Caffeine

Echinacea can increase plasma levels of caffeine by inhibiting its metabolism.
Echinacea seems to increase plasma concentrations of caffeine by around 30%. This is likely due to inhibition of cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) by echinacea.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Echinacea might inhibit the metabolism of CYP1A2 and increase plasma levels of some drugs.
Echinacea appears to inhibit CYP1A2 enzymes in humans. Additionally, echinacea seems to increase plasma concentrations of caffeine, a CYP1A2 substrate, by around 30%. Theoretically, echinacea might increase levels of other drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Echinacea may induce hepatic CYP3A4 and inhibit intestinal CYP3A4. This may increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Several clinical trials have shown that taking echinacea for up to one month does not significantly affect the metabolism of various CYP3A4 substrates, including midazolam, docetaxel, etravirine, lopinavir-ritonavir, and darunavir-ritonavir. However, other clinical research shows that echinacea may increase the clearance of midazolam, suggesting that echinacea might induce CYP3A4. The discrepancy is thought to be due to differing effects of echinacea on intestinal versus hepatic CYP3A4 enzymes. Echinacea appears to induce hepatic CYP3A4 but inhibit intestinal CYP3A4. In some cases, these effects might cancel each other out, but in others, drug levels may be increased or decreased depending on the level of effect at hepatic and intestinal sites. The effect of echinacea on CYP3A4 activity may differ depending on the CYP3A4 substrate.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Etoposide (Vepesid)

Echinacea may increase levels of etoposide.
In one report, concomitant use of etoposide and echinacea was associated with more severe thrombocytopenia than the use of etoposide alone, suggesting inhibition of etoposide metabolism. Etoposide is a cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) substrate. Echinacea has variable effects on CYP3A4, but some studies have reported inhibition of the enzyme.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Immunosuppressants

Echinacea has immunostimulant activity which may interfere with immunosuppressant therapy.
Theoretically, echinacea may interfere with immunosuppressant therapy because of its immunostimulant activity.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Darunavir (Prezista)

Theoretically, echinacea may interfere with the metabolism of darunavir; however, a small clinical study found no effect.
Darunavir is metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and is administered with the CYP3A4 inhibitor ritonavir to increase its plasma concentrations. Echinacea has variable effects on CYP3A4, but administration of an E. purpurea root extract (Arkocapsulas Echinacea, Arkopharma) 500 mg four times daily for 14 days did not affect darunavir/ritonavir pharmacokinetics in 15 HIV-infected patients.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Dayquil Severe

Echinacea is reported to have varying effects on a number of Cytochrome P450 metabolizing enzymes in the liver, including CYP1A2 and CYP3A4, which play a role in acetaminophen and dextromethorphan metabolism (both contained in DayQuil Severe), respectively. Studies have reported both enzyme inhibition and induction, making it difficult to predict clinically significant drug interactions with reliability. Specific drug interaction studies reporting definitive results are rare, and potential drug interactions involving echinacea should likely be taken on a case-by-case basis. Based on what we know about how acetaminophen and dextromethorphan are metabolized, the risk of a clinically significant interaction between echinacea and DayQuil Severe is low.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence A
Docetaxel (Taxotere)

Theoretically, echinacea may interfere with the metabolism of docetaxel; however, a small clinical study found no effect.
Docetaxel is metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). Echinacea has variable effects on CYP3A4, but taking E. purpurea whole plant extract (Echinaforce, A. Vogel Biopharma AG) 20 drops three times daily for 2 weeks did not alter the pharmacokinetics of docetaxel in one clinical study.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Etravirine (Intelence)

Theoretically, echinacea may interfere with the metabolism of etravirine; however, a small clinical study found no effect.
Etravirine is metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). Echinacea has variable effects on CYP3A4, but taking E. purpurea root extract (Arkocapsulas Echinacea, Arkopharma) 500 mg three times daily for 14 days did not alter the pharmacokinetics of etravirine in HIV-infected patients.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Lopinavir/Ritonavir (Kaletra)

Theoretically, echinacea may interfere with the metabolism of lopinavir; however, a small clinical study found no effect.
Lopinavir is metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and is administered with the CYP3A4 inhibitor ritonavir to increase its plasma concentrations. Echinacea has variable effects on CYP3A4, but taking E. purpurea (Echinamide, Natural Factors Nutritional Products, Inc.) 500 mg three times daily for 14 days did not alter the pharmacokinetics of lopinavir/ritonavir in healthy volunteers.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Midazolam (Versed)

Theoretically, echinacea may increase the metabolism of intravenous midazolam.
Echinacea induces hepatic CYP3A4 and might decrease plasma levels of midazolam by about 20%, reducing the effectiveness of intravenous midazolam. Echinacea also appears to inhibit intestinal CYP3A4, which could theoretically increase the bioavailability of oral midazolam. This may cancel out the decrease in availability caused by induction of hepatic CYP3A4, such that overall plasma levels after oral administration of midazolam are not affected by echinacea.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Echinacea seems to increase the clearance of warfarin, although the effect may not be clinically significant.
Preliminary clinical research in healthy male volunteers suggests that taking echinacea increases the clearance of the active S-isomer of warfarin after a single dose of warfarin, but there was not a clinically significant effect on the INR.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Echinacea purpurea full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Organic Echinacea Plus Elderberry, from the product label.

Traditional Medicinals

See all Traditional Medicinals products
Name
Traditional Medicinals
Street Address
4515 Ross Road
City
Sebastopol
State
CA
ZipCode
95472
Web Address
traditionalmedicinals.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Organic Echinacea Plus Elderberry by Traditional Medicinals: Common Questions

Does Organic Echinacea Plus Elderberry by Traditional Medicinals interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Organic Echinacea Plus Elderberry has a known interaction with 1,243 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Organic Echinacea Plus Elderberry contains 3 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Can I take this while pregnant?
Echinacea is rated possibly safe and ginger is likely or possibly safe in pregnancy — both are commonly used for cold and nausea. However, yarrow is traditionally avoided in pregnancy because it may affect the uterus, and chamomile safety data during pregnancy are limited. Talk with your doctor or midwife to weigh the risks and benefits for your situation; they know your full health picture.
Is this safe while breastfeeding?
Peppermint and ginger have reasonable safety data for breastfeeding. Echinacea, yarrow, and chamomile have limited or no data on file for breastfeeding safety — so it's best to check with your doctor or lactation specialist before using this blend while nursing.
What's peppermint in here for?
Peppermint is included for digestive support. Research shows it's likely effective for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and possibly helpful for indigestion and nausea.
Does echinacea actually help with colds?
The data we hold show insufficient reliable evidence to rate echinacea for cold or immune support — so we can't say whether it works for that purpose based on the evidence available to us. It's a traditional cold remedy, but the science isn't definitive yet.
What side effects might I notice?
Most common are mild stomach upset — nausea, diarrhea, heartburn, abdominal discomfort — especially from the ginger and echinacea. Allergic reactions including rash, itching, runny nose, or swelling are possible, particularly if you're sensitive to ragweed. Rare serious effects like severe allergic reactions or liver problems have been reported with echinacea.
Is this product free of fillers?
Yes — there are no inactive fillers listed for this product.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Organic Echinacea Plus Elderberry label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Organic Echinacea Plus Elderberry’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Echinacea

Interacts with 816 drugs

Echinacea is a popular herb taken to help prevent or shorten the common cold, but study results are mixed and the overall benefit appears small at best. It is generally well tolerated for sh...

Read the full Echinacea monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Organic Echinacea Plus Elderberry's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 179 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Echinacea 51 references
  1. Mullins RJ. Echinacea-associated anaphylaxis. Med J Aust 1998;168:170-1. PubMed
  2. Mullins RJ. Allergic reactions to Echinacea. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;104:S340-341 (Abstract 1003).
  3. Chavez ML, Chavez PI. Echinacea. Hosp Pharm 1998;33:180-8.
  4. Grimm W, Muller HH. A randomized controlled trial of the effect of fluid extract of Echinacea purpurea on the incidence and severity of colds and respiratory infections. Am J Med 1999;106:138-43. PubMed
  5. Taylor JA, Weber W, Standish L, et al. Efficacy and safety of echinacea in treating upper respiratory tract infections in children: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2003;290:2824-30.. PubMed
  6. Luettig B, Steinmuller C, Gifford GE, et al. Macrophage activation by the polysaccharide arabinogalactan isolated from plant cell cultures of Echinacea purpurea. J Natl Cancer Inst 1989;81:669-75. PubMed
  7. Stimpel M, Proksch A, Wagner H, et al. Macrophage activation and induction of macrophage cytotoxicity by purified polysaccharide fractions from the plant Echinacea purpurea. Infect Immun 1984;46:845-9. PubMed
  8. Budzinski JW, Foster BC, Vandenhoek S, Arnason JT. An in vitro evaluation of human cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibition by selected commercial herbal extracts and tinctures. Phytomedicine 2000;7:273-82. PubMed
  9. Gallo M, Sarkar M, Au W, et al. Pregnancy outcome following gestational exposure to echinacea: A prospective controlled study. Arch Intern Med 2000;160:3141-3. PubMed
  10. Soon SL, Crawford RI. Recurrent erythema nodosum associated with echinacea herbal therapy. J Am Acad Dermatol 2001;44:298-9. PubMed
  11. Mullins RJ, Heddle R. Adverse reactions associated with echinacea: the Australian experience. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2002;88:42-51. PubMed
  12. Logan JL, Ahmed J. Critical hypokalemic renal tubular acidosis due to Sjogren's syndrome: association with the purported immune stimulant echinacea. Clin Rheumatol 2003;22:158-9.
  13. Schulten B, Bulitta M, Ballering-Bruhl B, et al. Efficacy of Echinacea purpurea in patients with a common cold. A placebo-controlled, randomised, double-blind clinical trial. Arzneimittelforschung 2001;51:563-8.. PubMed
  14. Yale SH, Glurich I. Analysis of the inhibitory potential of Ginkgo biloba, Echinacea purpurea, and Serenoa repens on the metabolic activity of cytochrome P450 3A4, 2D6, and 2C9. J Altern Complement Med 2005;11:433-9.
  15. Yale SH, Liu K. Echinacea purpurea therapy for the treatment of the common cold: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Arch Intern Med 2004;164:1237-41. PubMed
  16. Gorski JC, Huang S, Zaheer NA, et al. The effect of echinacea (Echinacea purpurea root) on cytochrome P450 activity in vivo.Clin Pharmacol Ther 2003;73 (Abstract PDII-A-8):P94. PubMed
  17. Lee AN, Werth VP. Activation of autoimmunity following use of immunostimulatory herbal supplements. Arch Dermatol 2004;140:723-7. PubMed
  18. Goel V, Lovlin R, Barton R, et al. Efficacy of a standardized echinacea preparation (Echinilin) for the treatment of the common cold: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Pharm Ther 2004;29:75-83.
  19. Barrett B. Medicinal properties of Echinacea: a critical review. Phytomedicine 2003;10:66-86. PubMed
  20. Huntley AL, Thompson Coon J, Ernst E. The safety of herbal medicinal products derived from Echinacea species: a systematic review. Drug Saf 2005;28:387-400. PubMed
  21. Turner RB, Bauer R, Woelkart K, et al. An evaluation of Echinacea angustifolia in experimental rhinovirus infections. N Engl J Med 2005;353:341-8.
  22. Gurley BJ, Gardner SF, Hubbard MA, et al. In vivo assessment of botanical supplementation on human cytochrome P450 phenotypes: Citrus aurantium, Echinacea purpurea, milk thistle, and saw palmetto. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2004;76:428-40. .
  23. Perri D, Dugoua JJ, Mills E, Koren G. Safety and efficacy of echinacea (Echinacea augustafolia, e. purpurea and e. pallida) during pregnancy and lactation. Can J Clin Pharmacol 2006;13:e262-7.
  24. Kocaman O, Hulagu S, Senturk O. Echinacea-induced severe acute hepatitis with features of cholestatic autoimmune hepatitis. Eur J Intern Med 2008;19:148. PubMed
  25. Barrett B, Brown R, Rakel D. et al. Echinacea for treating the common cold: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2010;153:769-77. PubMed
  26. Press Release: Echinacea herbal products should not be used in children under 12 years old. Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (UK). August 20, 2012. Available at: www.mhra.gov.uk/NewsCentre/Pressreleases/CON180627. (Accessed 21 October
  27. Barrett B, Brown R, Rakel D, Rabago D, et al. Placebo effects and the common cold: a randomized controlled trial. Ann.Fam.Med 2011;9:312-22. PubMed
  28. Haller J, Freund, TF, Pelczer, KG, et al. The anxiolytic potential and psychotropic side effects of an echinacea preparation in laboratory animals and healthy volunteers. Phytother.Res. 2013;27:54-61.
  29. Grbic J, Wexler I, Celenti R, et al. A phase II trial of a transmucosal herbal patch for the treatment of gingivitis. J Am Dent.Assoc. 2011;142:1168-75. PubMed
  30. Schapowal A, Berger D, Klein P, et al. Echinacea/sage or chlorhexidine/lidocaine for treating acute sore throats: a randomized double-blind trial. Eur.J Med Res 9-1-2009;14:406-12. PubMed
  31. Bossaer JB and Odle BL. Probable etoposide interaction with Echinacea. J.Diet.Suppl 2012;9:90-5.
  32. Abdul MI, Jiang X, Williams KM, et al. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions of echinacea and policosanol with warfarin in healthy subjects. Br J Clin.Pharmacol. 2010;69:508-15. PubMed
  33. Kemp, D. E. and Franco, K. N. Possible leukopenia associated with long-term use of echinacea. J Am Board Fam.Pract. 2002;15(5):417-419.
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  35. Penzak, S. R., Robertson, S. M., Hunt, J. D., Chairez, C., Malati, C. Y., Alfaro, R. M., Stevenson, J. M., and Kovacs, J. A. Echinacea purpurea significantly induces cytochrome P450 3A activity but does not alter lopinavir-ritonavir exposure in healthy s
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Yarrow 8 references
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Peppermint 41 references
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See these in context on the Ginger monograph →

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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