Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Parasite Formula 4 Mint Flavor Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by TerraVita

Parasite Formula 4 Mint Flavor label
See full label image
Liquid Category: Botanical
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 9, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Parasite Formula 4 Mint Flavor against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Parasite Formula 4 Mint Flavor is a dietary supplement by TerraVita with 4 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for intestinal parasites and worms, digestive complaints, antimicrobial and antifungal support.Based on those ingredients, 1,227 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Clove Buds Glycerite Liquid Extract, Wormwood Glycerite Liquid Extract, Quassia Glycerite Liquid Extract. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Parasite Formula 4 Mint Flavor by TerraVita

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Parasite Formula 4 Mint Flavor by TerraVita — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Parasite Formula 4 Mint Flavor by TerraVita

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Sep 3, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 0 of its 4 active ingredients.
  • “Proprietary Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (0.13 mL) without saying how much of each component you get.

Parasite Formula 4 contains 4 active ingredients in a proprietary glycerite blend: black walnut glycerite liquid extract, quassia glycerite liquid extract, wormwood glycerite liquid extract, and clove buds glycerite liquid extract. Each is a concentrated herbal extract prepared with glycerin as the carrier.

The product also contains glycerin and mint flavor as inactive ingredients.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed

This product doesn't appear to be marketed for a specific use, so we graded its ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.

Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports its ingredients for:

Why this rating?
  • We looked at the product name, claims, and label statements and couldn't find a stated purpose to grade.
  • Since the label doesn't commit to one use, we graded the ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.
  • On file: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) — rated "Possibly Effective" (Clove) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Allergic rhinitis (hay fever) — rated "Possibly Effective" (Sweet Annie) (Natural Medicines).

The evidence on these ingredients is limited. Black walnut carries insufficient reliable evidence to rate it for coronary heart disease or wound healing.

Quassia shows insufficient evidence for seborrheic dermatitis, lice, rosacea, or other conditions. Wormwood is possibly effective for allergic rhinitis (hay fever), but carries insufficient evidence for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, malaria, or osteoarthritis.

Clove is possibly effective for ventilator-associated pneumonia but has insufficient evidence for cough, acute pain, or dyspepsia. None of these ingredients is proven for parasite-related conditions in the data we hold.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Black Walnut Quassia Sweet Annie Clove

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 4 of the 4 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 4 of 4.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 4 of 4.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Black walnut is generally well tolerated orally as the fruit, but its leaf, bark, and hull contain high tannins that can cause stomach upset and, in rare cases, allergic reactions (tree nuts are a major food allergen). Long-term safety is not well studied.

Quassia can cause nausea, vomiting, and stomach irritation in medicinal doses; long-term use has been linked to vision changes and blindness. Wormwood is generally well tolerated short-term but can cause nausea and vomiting; rare cases of liver damage (hepatotoxicity) have been reported.

Clove is safe as a food spice but concentrated clove oil can be irritating or toxic in large amounts, especially in children — even 5–10 mL of clove oil can be toxic. During pregnancy, black walnut is likely safe, but quassia and wormwood are likely unsafe or unsafe, and clove is likely safe.

During breastfeeding, black walnut, quassia, and wormwood should be avoided due to insufficient safety data; clove's safety at medicinal doses is not established.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Black Walnut Quassia Sweet Annie Clove

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 3 of the 4 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Clove, Quassia, Sweet Annie.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; diabetes medications; heart-rhythm medications.
  • For scale: 1,228 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this product, check with your doctor or pharmacist if you take any antidiabetes drugs (insulin, glipizide, metformin, glyburide), diuretics (furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide), digoxin (Lanoxin), antacids, H2-blockers (cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine), proton pump inhibitors (omeprazole, lansoprazole, esomeprazole), drugs metabolized by liver enzymes (CYP3A4, CYP2B6, CYP2D6, CYP1A2, CYP2C9), or blood thinners (warfarin, aspirin, clopidogrel). Moderate and minor interactions are possible; the medication search tool on this page can help you identify your specific drugs.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with some supporting evidence behind its ingredients' uses. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product mixes several herbal extracts with documented interactions to multiple medication types and serious interactions to blood sugar control and heart drugs. If you take any prescription medication — especially diabetes drugs, diuretics, digoxin, acid-blocking medications, or blood thinners — talk with your doctor or pharmacist before starting it.

Pregnant and breastfeeding individuals should discuss safety with their healthcare provider beforehand. Use the medication checker to see if any of your current drugs are affected.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 4 of 4 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Feb 21, 2023.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Parasite Formula 4 Mint Flavor, straight from the product label.

Brand TerraVita
Barcode (UPC) 064435236502
Net contents 1 Fluid Ounce(s); 30 mL
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Feb 21, 2023
DSLD ID 283977
Product type Botanical
Supplement form Liquid
Dietary claims / uses All Other
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Parasite Formula 4 Mint Flavor by TerraVita, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
25 Drop(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
40 Drop(s)
Servings per container
227
UPC/BARCODE
064435236502
IngredientAmount% DV
Proprietary Blend0.13 mL--
Black Walnut Glycerite Liquid Extract0 NP--
Quassia Glycerite Liquid Extract0 NP--
Wormwood Glycerite Liquid Extract0 NP--
Clove Buds Glycerite Liquid Extract0 NP--

Other ingredients: Glycerin, Mint Flavor

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Brand IP Statement(s)

Copyright 2018 TerraVita - Distributed by ZooScape LLC, All Rights Reserved.

Formula

Glycerite liquid extract (1:5)

Formulation

Alcohol free

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested Use: Take 25-40 drops of extract in a small amount of warm water 3-4 times daily. Shake well before using.

Precautions

Keep away from children.

Do not use if safety seal around cap is broken or missing.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Parasite Formula 4 Mint Flavor by TerraVita label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Parasite Formula 4 Mint Flavor label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Parasite Formula 4 Mint Flavor by TerraVita

These are the 4 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size25 Drop(s) Dosage formLiquid Servings per container227 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Other (inactive) ingredients: Glycerin, Mint Flavor. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Parasite Formula 4 Mint Flavor by TerraVita Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Parasite Formula 4 Mint Flavor?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
1,227Drugs
1,152 Moderate 75 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Clove Buds Glycerite Liquid Extract 977
Wormwood Glycerite Liquid Extract 889
Quassia Glycerite Liquid Extract 198

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Parasite Formula 4 Mint Flavor interact with 1,227 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

3 of the 4 ingredients in Parasite Formula 4 Mint Flavor interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Clove Buds Glycerite Liquid Extract Wormwood Glycerite Liquid Extract Quassia Glycerite Liquid Extract

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Parasite Formula 4 Mint Flavor with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Clove Buds Glycerite Liquid Extract7 drug types · 977 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use of clove extracts with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Clinical and laboratory research suggest that polyphenol extracts from clove flower buds might lower blood glucose levels. Dosing adjustments for insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents may be necessary when taken with clove. Monitor blood glucose levels closely.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
In vitro research shows that eugenol, the principal constituent of clove, can inhibit CYP1A2 in a dose-dependent manner,. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
In vitro research shows that eugenol, the principal constituent of clove, inhibits CYP2C9 in a dose-dependent manner. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates

Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
In vitro research shows that eugenol, the principal constituent of clove, can inhibit CYP2D6 in a dose-dependent manner. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
In vitro research shows that eugenol, the principal constituent of clove, can inhibit CYP3A4 in a dose-dependent manner. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, clove oil may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Laboratory research suggests that eugenol, a constituent of clove, has antiplatelet activity. This interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Ibuprofen (Advil, Others)

Theoretically, topical application of clove oil with ibuprofen might increase the absorption and side effects of topical ibuprofen.
Laboratory research shows that topical application of clove oil increases the absorption of topical ibuprofen. This interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Clove Buds Glycerite Liquid Extract full monograph & interactions

Wormwood Glycerite Liquid Extract3 drug types · 889 drugs

Cytochrome P450 2B6 (Cyp2B6) Substrates

Sweet Annie may alter plasma levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2B6.
In vitro research shows that the Sweet Annie constituent artemisinin induces CYP2B6, possibly increasing CYP2B6 activity by 1.6-fold. However, Sweet Annie extract seems to inhibit the activity of CYP2B6 in vitro, suggesting that other constituents of Sweet Annie play a role in its effects on the overall activity of this enzyme. More information is needed to determine whether taking Sweet Annie extract affects the metabolism of CYP2B6 substrates.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Sweet Annie may alter plasma levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
In vitro research shows that the Sweet Annie constituent artemisinin induces CYP3A4, possibly increasing CYP3A4 activity by 1.9-fold. However, Sweet Annie extract seems to inhibit the activity of CYP3A4 in vitro, suggesting that other constituents of Sweet Annie play a role in its effects on the overall activity of this enzyme. More information is needed to determine whether taking Sweet Annie extract affects the metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Hepatotoxic Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive adverse hepatotoxic effects.
There is some concern that Sweet Annie can adversely affect the liver.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Wormwood Glycerite Liquid Extract full monograph & interactions

Quassia Glycerite Liquid Extract6 drug types · 198 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

In animals, quassia extract reduced levels of fasting glucose. Theoretically, quassia might have additive effects when used with antidiabetes drugs. This might increase the risk of hypoglycemia in some patients. Monitor blood glucose levels closely.
Some antidiabetes drugs include glimepiride (Amaryl), glyburide (DiaBeta, Glynase PresTab, Micronase), insulin, metformin (Glucophage), pioglitazone (Actos), rosiglitazone (Avandia), and others.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Digoxin (Lanoxin)

Theoretically, concomitant use with cardiac medications might increase the risk of therapeutic and adverse effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Diuretic Drugs

Overuse of quassia might compound diuretic-induced potassium loss. There is some concern that people taking quassia along with potassium depleting diuretics might have an increased risk for hypokalemia. Initiation of potassium supplementation or an increase in potassium supplement dose may be necessary for some patients.
Some diuretics that can deplete potassium include chlorothiazide (Diuril), chlorthalidone (Thalitone), furosemide (Lasix), and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ, Hydrodiuril, Microzide), and others.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antacids

Theoretically, due to reports that quassia increases stomach acid, quassia might decrease the effectiveness of antacids.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
H2-Blockers

Theoretically, due to reports that quassia increases stomach acid, quassia might decrease the effectiveness of H2-blockers. The H2 blockers include cimetidine (Tagamet), ranitidine (Zantac), nizatidine (Axid), and famotidine (Pepcid).

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Proton Pump Inhibitors (Ppis)

Theoretically, due to reports that quassia increases stomach acid, quassia might decrease the effectiveness of PPIs. PPIs include omeprazole (Prilosec), lansoprazole (Prevacid), rabeprazole (Aciphex), pantoprazole (Protonix), and esomeprazole (Nexium).

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Quassia Glycerite Liquid Extract full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Parasite Formula 4 Mint Flavor, from the product label.

TerraVita

See all TerraVita products
Name
ZooScape LLC
Phone Number
844-449-0444
Web Address
www.ZooScape.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Parasite Formula 4 Mint Flavor by TerraVita: Common Questions

Does Parasite Formula 4 Mint Flavor by TerraVita interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Parasite Formula 4 Mint Flavor has a known interaction with 1,227 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Parasite Formula 4 Mint Flavor contains 4 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
What is black walnut in this product, and is it safe to take long-term?
Black walnut is the fruit extract of the walnut tree. The fruit itself is well tolerated, but the product's leaf, bark, and hull contain high levels of tannins that may upset your stomach. Safety data for long-term use are limited, so it's best treated as short-term. Talk with your doctor if you plan to use it regularly.
Can I take this if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
Black walnut appears likely safe in pregnancy, but quassia and wormwood are unsafe, and there isn't enough data on clove at medicinal doses. You should avoid this product during breastfeeding due to insufficient safety information on all ingredients. Always check with your doctor or midwife before taking any supplement in pregnancy or while nursing.
What side effects might I experience from this formula?
The most common side effects are nausea, vomiting, and stomach upset from quassia and wormwood. Clove can cause mouth and throat irritation when applied topically. Black walnut may cause allergic reactions in people with tree nut allergies. If you experience nausea, vomiting, or stomach pain, stop use and talk to your pharmacist.
Does this product work for parasites?
The data we hold doesn't establish effectiveness for parasite-related conditions. The evidence for these ingredients is either insufficient or limited to other uses like allergic rhinitis (wormwood) or pneumonia (clove). If you suspect a parasitic infection, see your doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment.
Why is there a warning about clove oil being toxic to children?
Clove oil is concentrated and potent — as little as 5–10 mL can cause serious harm in children, including liver failure, seizures, and coma. This product is a glycerite (diluted extract), not pure oil, but you should keep it out of children's reach and never give it to them without medical guidance.
Does wormwood hurt the liver?
Wormwood is generally well tolerated short-term, but rare cases of liver damage (hepatotoxicity) have been reported in clinical use. There's also a theoretical concern that it may harm the liver further if combined with other drugs that stress the liver. Your doctor can advise whether it's right for you.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Parasite Formula 4 Mint Flavor label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Parasite Formula 4 Mint Flavor’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Black Walnut

Black walnut is a tree whose green hulls are traditionally used as a natural antiparasitic and digestive remedy, but solid human evidence for these uses is lacking. It contains a compound ca...

Read the full Black Walnut monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Quassia

Interacts with 198 drugs

Quassia is a tropical wood known for its very bitter taste, traditionally used as a digestive bitter and as a folk remedy for parasites and head lice. Human evidence for these uses is limite...

Read the full Quassia monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Sweet Annie

Interacts with 889 drugs

Sweet Annie (Artemisia annua) is the source of artemisinin, a compound used in prescription antimalarial drugs. While the purified drug is well studied for malaria, the herb itself as a supp...

Read the full Sweet Annie monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Clove

Interacts with 977 drugs

Clove is a common cooking spice that is also used in traditional medicine, especially as a topical numbing agent for tooth pain thanks to its main compound, eugenol. Food amounts are general...

Read the full Clove monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Parasite Formula 4 Mint Flavor's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 48 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Black Walnut 3 references
  1. Blumenthal M, ed. The Complete German Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. Trans. S. Klein. Boston, MA: American Botanical Council, 1998.
  2. McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
  3. Food and Drug Administration. Food Allergen Labeling and Consumer Protection Act of 2004 (FALCPA); Public Law 108-282, Title II. Accessed on May 19, 2021. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/food/food-allergensgluten-free-guidance-documents-regulatory-infor

See these in context on the Black Walnut monograph →

Quassia 8 references
  1. Newall CA, Anderson LA, Philpson JD. Herbal Medicine: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. London, UK: The Pharmaceutical Press, 1996.
  2. Robbers JE, Speedie MK, Tyler VE. Pharmacognosy and Pharmacobiotechnology. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1996.
  3. Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
  4. Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
  5. Jensen O, Nielsen AO, Bjerregaard P. Pediculosis capitis treated with quassia tincture. Acta Derm Venereol 1978;58:557-9. DOI
  6. Diehl C, Ferrari A. Efficacy of topical 4% Quassia amara gel in facial seborrheic dermatitis:a randomized, double-blind, comparative study. J Drugs Dermatol. 2013;12(3):312-5.
  7. Ferrari A, Diehl C. Evaluation of the efficacy and tolerance of a topical gel with 4% quassia extract in the treatment of rosacea. J Clin Pharmacol. 2012;52(1):84-8. PubMed
  8. Husain GM, Singh PN, Singh RK, Kumar V. Antidiabetic activity of standardized extract of Quassia amara in nicotinamide-streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Phytother Res. 2011;25(12):1806-12.

See these in context on the Quassia monograph →

Sweet Annie 11 references
  1. Mueller MS, Karhagomba IB, Hirt HM, Wemakor E. The potential of Artemisia annua L. as a locally produced remedy for malaria in the tropics: agricultural, chemical and clinical aspects. J Ethnopharmacol 2000;73:487-93. PubMed
  2. Rath K, Taxis K, Walz G, et al. Pharmacokinetic study of artemisinin after oral intake of a traditional preparation of Artemisia annua L. (annual wormwood). Am J Trop Med Hyg 2004;70:128-32. DOI
  3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Hepatitis temporally associated with an herbal supplement containing artemisinin-Washington, 2008. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2009;58:854-8.
  4. Xing J, Kirby BJ, Whittington D, et al. Evaluation of P450 inhibition and induction by artemisinin antimalarials in human liver microsomes and primary human hepatocytes. Drug Metabl Dispos 2012;40(9):1757-64. PubMed
  5. Savage RL, Hill GR, Barnes J, Kenyon SH, Tatley MV. Suspected hepatotoxicity with a supercritical carbon dioxide extract of Artemisia annua in grapeseed oil used in New Zealand. Front Pharmacol. 2019;10:1448. PubMed
  6. Ruperti-Repilado FJ, Haefliger S, Rehm S, et al. Danger of herbal tea: a case of acute cholestatic hepatitis due to Artemisia annua tea. Front Med (Lausanne). 2019;6:221. PubMed
  7. Yang J, Shen Z, Liu L, et al. Clinical efficacy and safety of Artesimia annua-Sublingual immunotherapy in seasonal allergic rhinitis patients based on different intervention time. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2022;183(8):852-859.
  8. Kane NF, Kiani BH, Desrosiers MR, Towler MJ, Weathers PJ. Artemisia extracts differ from artemisinin effects on human hepatic CYP450s 2B6 and 3A4 in vitro. J Ethnopharmacol 2022. DOI
  9. Feng Y, Cao Y, Liu Y, et al. Clinical efficacy and safety of coseasonal initiation of Artemisia annua sublingual immunotherapy on patients with Artemisia-induced rhinoconjunctivitis. Am J Otolaryngol 2023;44(5):103942. PubMed
  10. Yang J, Wang W, Shen Z, et al. Efficacy and safety of Artemisia annua sublingual immunotherapy in patients with seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis over two pollen seasons. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2023;280(11):4939-4947. PubMed
  11. Shen Z, Zhang P, Kang W, et al. Clinical efficacy in one-year treatment with Artemisia annua-SLIT drops in monosensitized and polysensitized individuals. Am J Otolaryngol 2023;44(6):104002. PubMed

See these in context on the Sweet Annie monograph →

Clove 26 references
  1. The Review of Natural Products by Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO: Wolters Kluwer Co., 1999.
  2. Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 182 -- Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182
  3. Kanerva L, Estlander T, Jolanki R. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from spices. Contact Dermatitis 1996;35:157-62. PubMed
  4. Chen SJ, Wang MH, Chen IJ. Antiplatelet and calcium inhibitory properties of eugenol and sodium eugenol acetate. Gen Pharmacol 1996;27:629-33. PubMed
  5. Malson JL, Lee EM, Murty R, et al. Clove cigarette smoking: biochemical, physiological, and subjective effects. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2003;74:739-45. PubMed
  6. Kirsch CM, Yenokida GG, Jensen WA, et al. Non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema due to the intravenous administration of clove oil. Thorax 1990;45:235-6. PubMed
  7. Pallares, D. E. Link between clove cigarettes and urticaria? Postgrad.Med 10-1-1999;106(4):153. PubMed
  8. Barnard, D. R. Repellency of essential oils to mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). J Med Entomol. 1999;36(5):625-629. PubMed
  9. Sanchez-Perez, J. and Garcia-Diez, A. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from eugenol, oil of cinnamon and oil of cloves in a physiotherapist. Contact Dermatitis 1999;41(6):346-347. PubMed
  10. Andersen, K. E., Johansen, J. D., Bruze, M., Frosch, P. J., Goossens, A., Lepoittevin, J. P., Rastogi, S., White, I., and Menne, T. The time-dose-response relationship for elicitation of contact dermatitis in isoeugenol allergic individuals. Toxicol.Appl PubMed
  11. Alqareer, A., Alyahya, A., and Andersson, L. The effect of clove and benzocaine versus placebo as topical anesthetics. J Dent 2006;34(10):747-750. PubMed
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See these in context on the Clove monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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