Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 5 of 10 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Phosphatidyl Serine Complex 500 mg Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Martin Avenue Pharmacy

Phosphatidyl Serine Complex 500 mg label
See full label image
Softgel Capsule Category: Fat/fatty Acid
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Phosphatidyl Serine Complex 500 mg against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Phosphatidyl Serine Complex 500 mg is a dietary supplement by Martin Avenue Pharmacy with 10 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for preventing or treating low potassium (hypokalemia), supporting healthy blood pressure, muscle cramps.Based on those ingredients, 581 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Caprylic Acid, Phosphatidyl Serine Complex, Oleic Acid. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Phosphatidyl Serine Complex 500 mg by Martin Avenue Pharmacy

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Phosphatidyl Serine Complex 500 mg by Martin Avenue Pharmacy — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Phosphatidyl Serine Complex 500 mg by Martin Avenue Pharmacy

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Sep 3, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 13 of its 13 active ingredients.
  • “Phosphatidyl Serine Complex” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (500 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

This product contains 13 ingredients, most of which are phospholipids and fatty acids — the building blocks of cell membranes. The active components are phosphatidylserine (which supports brain cell structure and signaling), phosphatidylcholine (involved in liver and nerve function), and oleic acid (a monounsaturated fat), along with potassium and smaller amounts of phosphorus and other fatty acids like caprylic and capric acids.

These work together as a membrane-support complex. The product also contains inactive ingredients: soybean oil, gelatin, glycerin, and water — these are typical capsule fillers and carriers, not part of the active formula.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed

This product doesn't appear to be marketed for a specific use, so we graded its ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.

Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports its ingredients for:

Why this rating?
  • We looked at the product name, claims, and label statements and couldn't find a stated purpose to grade.
  • Since the label doesn't commit to one use, we graded the ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.
  • On file: Ulcerative colitis — rated "Possibly Effective" (Phosphatidylcholine) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Age-related cognitive decline — rated "Possibly Effective" (Phosphatidylserine) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Alzheimer disease — rated "Possibly Effective" (Phosphatidylserine) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Coronary heart disease (CHD) — rated "Possibly Effective" (Oleic Acid) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Hypercholesterolemia — rated "Possibly Effective" (Oleic Acid) (Natural Medicines).

Phosphatidylserine is possibly effective for age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease, according to the evidence we hold. Phosphatidylcholine is possibly effective for ulcerative colitis.

Oleic acid is possibly effective for high cholesterol and coronary heart disease. The evidence for phosphatidylserine on athletic performance, ADHD, general cognitive function, and dementia isn't established yet, and we don't have enough data to rate phosphatidylcholine for fatty liver disease, alcohol-related liver disease, Alzheimer's disease, or anxiety.

Caprylic acid's use for epilepsy and essential tremor also lacks reliable evidence. This product hasn't been studied as a complete formula, so these ratings apply to the individual ingredients, not the complex together.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Potassium Caprylic Acid Oleic Acid Phosphatidylserine Phosphatidylcholine

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 4 of the 5 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 5 of 5.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 5 of 5.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Phosphatidylserine is generally well tolerated in studies, though long-term safety isn't fully established. The most common side effects are flatulence, gastrointestinal upset, headache, insomnia (more likely at higher doses around 600 mg), and nausea.

Phosphatidylcholine is generally well tolerated orally; high doses (30 grams per day) can cause digestive upset, and smaller doses have occasionally caused bloating, diarrhea, altered taste, nausea, and vomiting. Caprylic acid seems well tolerated short-term, with rare reports of mild dizziness, headache, and fatigue, plus occasional mild abdominal discomfort.

Potassium is generally well tolerated from food, but oral supplements can cause abdominal pain, belching, diarrhea, flatulence, nausea, and vomiting. Serious side effects from high potassium levels — arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat), heart block, low blood pressure, and mental confusion — are rare but dangerous.

Pregnancy and lactation safety data is limited: phosphatidylserine should be avoided in pregnancy and breastfeeding due to insufficient data; caprylic acid data is limited (avoid in pregnancy, use caution while breastfeeding); phosphatidylcholine and oleic acid lack good supplement-level safety data in pregnancy and breastfeeding, so talk with your healthcare provider first.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Potassium Caprylic Acid Oleic Acid Phosphatidylserine Phosphatidylcholine

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 4 of the 5 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Potassium, Phosphatidylserine, Caprylic Acid, Oleic Acid.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; diabetes medications.
  • For scale: 581 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this product, double-check with your doctor or pharmacist if you take potassium-sparing diuretics, ACE inhibitors, or ARBs (blood pressure and heart drugs) — the potassium here could raise your levels dangerously. Also flag blood pressure medications (caprylic acid may lower pressure further), NSAIDs or warfarin (blood thinners), diabetes drugs, and anticholinergic or cholinergic medications.

These are the drug types our data shows may interact; your pharmacist can check whether your specific medications are affected.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with some supporting evidence behind its ingredients' uses. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product may help with memory and brain aging if you have age-related cognitive changes or early Alzheimer's disease, and it contains oleic acid which may support heart and cholesterol health. However, it's not for everyone — if you take blood pressure medications, diuretics, blood thinners, diabetes drugs, or anticholinergic or cholinergic medications, you'll need to check with your doctor or pharmacist first, especially because of the potassium content.

Talk with your healthcare provider about whether this product is right for your situation and medications before starting it.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 5 of 13 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Mar 25, 2013.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Phosphatidyl Serine Complex 500 mg, straight from the product label.

Brand Martin Avenue Pharmacy
Net contents 30 Softgel(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Mar 25, 2013
DSLD ID 19479
Product type Fat/fatty Acid
Supplement form Softgel Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Phosphatidyl Serine Complex 500 mg by Martin Avenue Pharmacy, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Capsule(s)
IngredientAmount% DV
Stearic Acid6 mg--
Potassium3 mg1%
Phosphorus8 mg2%
Caprylic Acid120 mg--
Capric Acid51 mg--
Phosphatidylcholine45 mg--
Linoleic Acid85 mg--
Oleic Acid15 mg--
Alpha-Linolenic Acid10 mg--
Phosphatidylserine100 mg--
Phosphatidylethanolamine10 mg--
Phosphatidylinositol1 mg--
Palmitic Acid27 mg--
Phosphatidyl Serine Complex500 mg--

Other ingredients: Soybean Oil, Gelatin, Glycerin, Water

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formulation

Contains No Added sugar, salt, dairy, yeast, wheat, corn, soy, preservatives, artificial colors or flavors.

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested Use: As a dietary supplement, adults take one (1) capsule, one (1) to three (3) times daily with meals, or as directed by a health care professional.

Precautions

Keep out of reach of children.

General Statements

"We Make It Better..."

QUALITY AND POTENCY GUARANTEED

General

#10120

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place and away from direct light.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Phosphatidyl Serine Complex 500 mg by Martin Avenue Pharmacy label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Phosphatidyl Serine Complex 500 mg label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Phosphatidyl Serine Complex 500 mg by Martin Avenue Pharmacy

These are the 10 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Capsule(s) Dosage formSoftgel Capsule Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Stearic Acid

6 mg per serving

Potassium

Interacts with
62 drugs
3 mg per serving

Potassium is an essential mineral your body needs for nerve signals, muscle function, and a steady heartbeat, and most people get enough from a balanc...

Potassium monograph & interactions

Phosphorus

8 mg per serving

Caprylic Acid

Interacts with
262 drugs
120 mg per serving

Caprylic acid is a medium-chain fatty acid found in coconut oil and palm kernel oil that is popularly used for yeast overgrowth and gut health. While...

Caprylic Acid monograph & interactions

Capric Acid

51 mg per serving

Linoleic Acid

85 mg per serving

Oleic Acid

Interacts with
86 drugs
15 mg per serving

Oleic acid is a heart-healthy monounsaturated fat found mainly in olive oil, canola oil, avocados, and nuts. As part of a Mediterranean-style diet, it...

Oleic Acid monograph & interactions

Alpha-Linolenic Acid

10 mg per serving

Palmitic Acid

27 mg per serving

Phosphatidyl Serine Complex

Interacts with
219 drugs
500 mg per serving

Phosphatidylserine is a natural fat-like compound found in cell membranes, especially in the brain, and it is sold mainly to support memory and thinki...

Phosphatidyl Serine Complex monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Soybean Oil, Gelatin, Glycerin, Water. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Phosphatidyl Serine Complex 500 mg by Martin Avenue Pharmacy Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Phosphatidyl Serine Complex 500 mg?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
581Drugs
581 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Caprylic Acid 262
Phosphatidyl Serine Complex 219
Oleic Acid 86
Potassium 62

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Phosphatidyl Serine Complex 500 mg interact with 581 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

4 of the 10 ingredients in Phosphatidyl Serine Complex 500 mg interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Caprylic Acid Phosphatidyl Serine Complex Oleic Acid Potassium

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Phosphatidyl Serine Complex 500 mg with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Caprylic Acid3 drug types · 262 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, caprylic acid might increase the risk of hypotension when used with antihypertensive drugs.
Animal research suggests that caprylic acid might have positive inotropic effects, resulting in reduced arterial pressure and vascular resistance and increased cardiac output.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (Nsaids)

Theoretically, caprylic acid might increase plasma concentrations of NSAIDs.
In vitro research suggests that caprylic acid might displace NSAIDs from binding sites on albumin. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, caprylic acid might increase plasma concentrations of warfarin.
In vitro research suggests that high doses of caprylic acid might displace warfarin from albumin binding sites. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Caprylic Acid full monograph & interactions

Phosphatidyl Serine Complex2 drug types · 219 drugs

Anticholinergic Drugs

Theoretically, phosphatidylserine might decrease the effectiveness anticholinergic drugs.
Phosphatidylserine is thought to increase acetylcholine levels, which could theoretically interfere with the activity of anticholinergic agents.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Cholinergic Drugs

Theoretically, phosphatidylserine might have additive effects with cholinergic drugs.
Phosphatidylserine is thought to increase acetylcholine levels, which could theoretically lead to additive cholinergic effects when used with cholinergic drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Phosphatidyl Serine Complex full monograph & interactions

Oleic Acid1 drug type · 86 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, oleic acid might increase the effects of antidiabetes drugs. Preliminary clinical research in patients with type 2 diabetes taking oral hypoglycemic drugs shows that eating a diet rich in oleic acid from olive oil decreases fasting blood glucose levels when compared to eating a diet rich in linoleic acid from sunflower oil. It is unknown if taking oleic acid supplements would have this effect or if this change is clinically significant. Until more is known, use caution. Dose adjustment may be necessary. Some antidiabetes drugs include glimepiride (Amaryl), glyburide (DiaBeta, Glynase PresTab, Micronase), insulin, metformin (Glucophage), pioglitazone (Actos), rosiglitazone (Avandia), and others.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Oleic Acid full monograph & interactions

Potassium3 drug types · 62 drugs

Ace Inhibitors (Aceis)

Using ACEIs with high doses of potassium increases the risk of hyperkalemia.
ACEIs block the actions of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and reduce potassium excretion. Concomitant use of these drugs with potassium supplements increases the risk of hyperkalemia. However, concomitant use of these drugs with moderate dietary potassium intake (about 3775-5200 mg daily) does not increase serum potassium levels.

Likelihood Likely Evidence C
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (Arbs)

Using ARBs with high doses of potassium increases the risk of hyperkalemia.
ARBs block the actions of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and reduce potassium excretion. Concomitant use of these drugs with potassium supplements increases the risk of hyperkalemia. However, concomitant use of these drugs with moderate dietary potassium intake (about 3775-5200 mg daily) does not increase serum potassium levels.

Likelihood Likely Evidence C
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

Concomitant use increases the risk of hyperkalemia.
Using potassium-sparing diuretics with potassium supplements increases the risk of hyperkalemia.

Likelihood Likely Evidence C
Potassium full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Phosphatidyl Serine Complex 500 mg, from the product label.

Martin Avenue Pharmacy

See all Martin Avenue Pharmacy products
Name
Martin Avenue Pharmacy, Inc.
City
Naperville
State
IL
ZipCode
60540
Phone Number
(630) 355-6400
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Phosphatidyl Serine Complex 500 mg by Martin Avenue Pharmacy: Common Questions

Does Phosphatidyl Serine Complex 500 mg by Martin Avenue Pharmacy interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Phosphatidyl Serine Complex 500 mg has a known interaction with 581 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Phosphatidyl Serine Complex 500 mg contains 10 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Will this help my memory?
Phosphatidylserine in this product is possibly effective for age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease — that's the strongest evidence we have. It's not proven for general memory in healthy people, and we don't have good evidence for ADHD or other cognitive issues yet. Talk with your doctor about whether it's right for your situation.
Is this safe to take while pregnant or breastfeeding?
Phosphatidylserine should be avoided in pregnancy and breastfeeding because we don't have enough safety data. Potassium from food is fine in pregnancy, but supplements should only be used under medical guidance. For the other ingredients, safety data is limited or missing, so you'll want to discuss this with your doctor or pharmacist before using it.
What side effects might I notice?
The most common side effects are mild: flatulence, nausea, headache, and gastrointestinal upset. Insomnia is possible, especially at higher doses. From potassium, you might experience abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, or nausea. Serious side effects from high potassium levels (irregular heartbeat, low blood pressure, mental confusion) are rare but require immediate medical attention.
Can I take this with my blood pressure medication?
That depends on which blood pressure drug you take — some carry a real risk of high potassium levels when combined with this supplement. You need to check with your doctor or pharmacist first, especially if you're on a potassium-sparing diuretic, ACE inhibitor, or ARB.
What is phosphatidylserine and what does it do?
Phosphatidylserine is a fatty substance that's a key building block of nerve cell membranes. It's thought to support cell-to-cell communication in the brain, which is why it's studied for age-related memory loss and Alzheimer's disease.
Why does this product contain potassium?
Potassium is an essential mineral involved in heart rhythm, nerve signaling, and muscle function. This formula includes it as part of its nutrient blend, but because potassium levels matter greatly for heart health, you need to confirm it's safe with your medications and medical history.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Phosphatidyl Serine Complex 500 mg label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Phosphatidyl Serine Complex 500 mg’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Potassium

Interacts with 62 drugs

Potassium is an essential mineral your body needs for nerve signals, muscle function, and a steady heartbeat, and most people get enough from a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables. P...

Read the full Potassium monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Caprylic Acid

Interacts with 262 drugs

Caprylic acid is a medium-chain fatty acid found in coconut oil and palm kernel oil that is popularly used for yeast overgrowth and gut health. While laboratory studies show it has antimicro...

Read the full Caprylic Acid monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Oleic Acid

Interacts with 86 drugs

Oleic acid is a heart-healthy monounsaturated fat found mainly in olive oil, canola oil, avocados, and nuts. As part of a Mediterranean-style diet, it is widely viewed as a healthier replace...

Read the full Oleic Acid monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Phosphatidylserine

Interacts with 219 drugs

Phosphatidylserine is a natural fat-like compound found in cell membranes, especially in the brain, and it is sold mainly to support memory and thinking. Some research suggests possible bene...

Read the full Phosphatidylserine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Phosphatidylcholine

Phosphatidylcholine is a phospholipid that is part of every cell membrane and a source of choline. People take it for liver, brain, and gut health, but solid human evidence is limited for mo...

Read the full Phosphatidylcholine monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Phosphatidyl Serine Complex 500 mg's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 60 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Potassium 12 references
  1. McEvoy GK, ed. AHFS Drug Information. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1998.
  2. Gennaro A. Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy. 19th ed. Lippincott: Williams & Wilkins, 1996.
  3. Whelton PK, He J, Cutler JA, et al. Effects of oral potassium on blood pressure. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. JAMA 1997;277:1624-32. PubMed
  4. Phillips, C. O., Kashani, A., Ko, D. K., Francis, G., and Krumholz, H. M. Adverse effects of combination angiotensin II receptor blockers plus angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors for left ventricular dysfunction: a quantitative review of data from ra DOI
  5. Altieri, P. I., Herrero, C., Suero, R., and Ortiz, A. Bleeding duodenal ulcer in a patient taking slow-releasing potassium tablets. Bol.Asoc.Med P.R. 1977;69(8):276.
  6. Raf, L. E. Enteric-coated potassium chloride tablets and ulcer of the small intestine. Acta Chir Scand Suppl 1967;(374):1-87.
  7. Potassium chloride oral solution [package insert]. Allentown, PA: Lehigh Valley Technologies, Inc.; 2014.
  8. Potassium chloride injection [package insert]. Lake Forest, IL: Hospira Inc.; 2009.
  9. Patel RB, Tannenbaum S, Viana-Tejedor A, et al. Serum potassium levels, cardiac arrhythmias, and mortality following non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction or unstable angina: insights from MERLIN-TIMI 36. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care 2017 Feb;6(1):1 PubMed
  10. Malta D, Arcand J, Ravindran A, Floras V, Allard JP, Newton GE. Adequate intake of potassium does not cause hyperkalemia in hypertensive individuals taking medications that antagonize the renin angiotensin aldosterone system. Am J Clin Nutr 2016 Oct;104(4 PubMed
  11. Keskin M, Kaya A, Tatlisu MA, et al. The effect of serum potassium level on in-hospital and long-term mortality in ST elevation myocardial infarction. Int J cardiol. 2016 Oct 15;221:505-10.
  12. Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium, Food and Nutrition Board, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington (DC): National Acad

See these in context on the Potassium monograph →

Caprylic Acid 5 references
  1. Massolini G, Aubry AF, McGann A, Wainer IW. Determination of the magnitude and enantioselectivity of ligand binding to rat and rabbit serum albumins using immobilized-protein high performance liquid chromatography stationary phases. Biochem Pharmacol 1993 PubMed
  2. Kristev A, Mitkov D, Lukanov Y, Chapkynov P. The effect of octanoic fatty acid on the cardiovascular system of the guinea pig. Cor Vasa 1989;31(4):321-7.
  3. Hayball PF, Holman JW, Nation RL. Influence of octanoic acid on the reversible protein binding of ketorolac enantiomers to human serum albumin (HSA): comparative liquid chromatographic studies using a HSA chiral stationary phase. J Chromatogr B Biomed App PubMed
  4. Noctor TA, Wainer IW, Hage DS. Allosteric and competitive displacement of drugs from human serum albumin by octanoic acid, as revealed by high-performance liquid affinity chromatography, on a human serum albumin-based stationary phase. J Chromatogr 1992;5 PubMed
  5. Voller B, Lines E, McCrossin G, et al. Dose-escalation study of octanoic acid in patients with essential tremor. J Clin Invest. 2016;126(4):1451-7. PubMed

See these in context on the Caprylic Acid monograph →

Phosphatidylcholine 15 references
  1. Domino EF, May WW, Demetriou S, et al. Lack of clinically significant improvement of patients with tardive dyskinesia following phosphatidylcholine therapy. Biol Psychiatry 1985;20:1189-96. PubMed
  2. Aronson PJ, Lorincz AL. Promotion of palmar sweating with oral phosphatidylcholine. Acta Derm Venereol 1985;65:19-24. DOI
  3. Hexsel DM, Serra M, de Oliveira Dal'Forno T, et al. Cosmetic uses of injectable phosphatidylcholine on the face. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2005;38:1119-29. PubMed
  4. Kopera D, Binder B, Toplak H, et al. Histopathologic changes after intralesional application of phosphatidylcholine for lipoma reduction: report of a case. Am J Dermatopathol 2006;28:331-3. PubMed
  5. Rittes PG. The use of phosphatidylcholine for correction of lower lid bulging due to prominent fat pads. Dermatol Surg 2001;27:391-2. PubMed
  6. Rotunda AM, Kolodney MS. Mesotherapy and phosphatidylcholine injections: historical clarification and review. Dermatol Surg 2006;32:465-80. PubMed
  7. Hexsel D, Serra M, Mazzuco R, et al. Phosphatidylcholine in the treatment of localized fat. J Drugs Dermatol 2003;2:511-8.
  8. Hasengschwandtner F. Phosphatidylcholine treatment to induce lipolysis. Cosmet Dermatol 2005;4:308-13. PubMed
  9. Rittes PG. The use of phosphatidylcholine for correction of localized fat deposits. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2003;27:315-8. PubMed
  10. Ablon G, Rotunda AM. Treatment of lower eyelid fat pads using phosphatidylcholine: clinical trial and review. Dermatol Surg 2004;30:422-7. PubMed
  11. Loguercio C, Andreone P, Brisc C, et al. Silybin combined with phosphatidylcholine and vitamin E in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled trial. Free Radic Biol Med 2012;52(9):1658-65. PubMed
  12. Panos, J. M., Palson, R., Johnson, R., Portmann, B., and Williams, R. Polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine for acute alcoholic hepatitis: a double blind randomized placebo controlled trial. Eur.J.Gastroenterol 1990;2:351-355.
  13. Stremmel W, Braun A, Hanemann A, Ehehalt R, Autschbach F, Karner M. Delayed release phosphatidylcholine in chronic-active ulcerative colitis: a randomized, double-blinded, dose finding study. J Clin Gastroenterol 2010;44(5):e101-7. PubMed
  14. Stremmel W, Ehehalt R, Autschbach F, Karner M. Phosphatidylcholine for steroid-refractory chronic ulcerative colitis: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2007;147(9):603-10. PubMed
  15. Stremmel W, Vural H, Evliyaoglu O, Weiskirchen R. Delayed Release Phosphatidylcholine is Effective for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis: A Meta-Analysis. Dig Dis 2021;39(5):508-515. PubMed

See these in context on the Phosphatidylcholine monograph →

Oleic Acid 19 references
  1. Madigan C, Ryan M, Owens D, et al. Dietary unsaturated fatty acids in type 2 diabetes: higher levels of postprandial lipoprotein on a linoleic acid-rich sunflower oil diet compared with an oleic acid-rich olive oil diet. Diabetes Care 2000;23:1472-7. PubMed
  2. Gillingham, L. G., Gustafson, J. A., Han, S. Y., Jassal, D. S., and Jones, P. J. High-oleic rapeseed (canola) and flaxseed oils modulate serum lipids and inflammatory biomarkers in hypercholesterolaemic subjects. Br J Nutr 2011;105(3):417-427. PubMed
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  4. Cater, N. B., Heller, H. J., and Denke, M. A. Comparison of the effects of medium-chain triacylglycerols, palm oil, and high oleic acid sunflower oil on plasma triacylglycerol fatty acids and lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in humans. Am.J Clin.Nutr PubMed
  5. Mozaffarian D, Clarke R. Quantitative effects on cardiovascular risk factors and coronary heart disease risk of replacing partially hydrogenated vegetable oils with other fats and oils. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2009;63(Suppl 2):S22-33. PubMed
  6. Cao Y, Hou L, Wang W. Dietary total fat and fatty acids intake, serum fatty acids and risk of breast cancer: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Int J Cancer. 2016;138(8):1894-904. doi: 10.1002/ijc.29938. PubMed
  7. FDA completes review of qualified health claim petition for oleic acid and the risk of coronary heart disease. November 2018. Available at: www.fda.gov/Food/NewsEvents/ConstituentUpdates/ucm624758.htm. Accessed January 25, 2019.
  8. Liu X, Kris-Etherton PM, West SG, et al. Effects of canola and high-oleic-acid canola oils on abdominal fat mass in individuals with central obesity. Obesity. 2016;24(11):2261-2268. PubMed
  9. Bowen KJ, Kris-Etherton PM, West SG, et al. Diets enriched with conventional or high-oleic acid canola oils lower atherogenic lipids and lipoproteins compared to a diet with a western fatty acid profile in adults with central adiposity. J Nutr. 2019;149(3 PubMed
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  12. Morin SJ, Gaziano JM, Djoussé L. Relation between plasma phospholipid oleic acid and risk of heart failure. Eur J Nutr. 2018;57(8):2937-2942. PubMed
  13. Samieri C, Féart C, Proust-Lima C, et al. Olive oil consumption, plasma oleic acid, and stroke incidence: the Three-City Study. Neurology. 2011;77(5):418-25. PubMed
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  15. Ben Fradj MK, Ouanes Y, Hadj-Taieb S, et al. Decreased oleic acid and marine n?-?3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in Tunisian patients with urothelial bladder cancer. Nutr Cancer. 2018;70(7):1043-1050.
  16. de Silva PS, Luben R, Shrestha SS, Khaw KT, Hart AR. Dietary arachidonic and oleic acid intake in ulcerative colitis etiology: a prospective cohort study using 7-day food diaries. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014;26(1):11-8. PubMed
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See these in context on the Oleic Acid monograph →

Phosphatidylserine 9 references
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See these in context on the Phosphatidylserine monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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