Pine Bark Extract Ingredients & Drug Interactions
by PureBulk.com
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking Pine Bark Extract against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Pine Bark Extract is a dietary supplement by PureBulk.com with 2 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for circulation and vein health, antioxidant support, skin health and aging.Based on those ingredients, 327 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Pine bark extract. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against Pine Bark Extract by PureBulk.com
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Pine Bark Extract by PureBulk.com — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Pine Bark Extract by PureBulk.com
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Full disclosure
Pine Bark Extract powder contains two active ingredients: maritime pine bark extract and proanthocyanidin. Maritime pine bark extract is the primary active component and is where the researched effects come from.
There are no inactive ingredients listed for this product.
Does it work?
Moderate evidence
Maritime pine bark extract carries "Possibly Effective" ratings for osteoarthritis and chronic venous insufficiency (poor circulation in the legs), meaning there's some clinical support but the evidence isn't definitive. It's rated "Possibly Ineffective" for high cholesterol, so don't expect it to meaningfully lower your lipid levels.
The extract is also listed as "Possibly Effective" for asthma, though again the evidence is limited. Proanthocyanidin's effectiveness is not established in our data.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Maritime pine bark extract is generally well tolerated in studies, though long-term safety hasn't been fully established. The most common side effects when taken by mouth are stomach upset, dizziness, and vertigo; headache and chest pain have been reported in individual cases, though causation wasn't clear.
During pregnancy, there isn't enough safety data, so the advice is to avoid it. The same applies to breastfeeding — insufficient data means you should skip it while nursing.
Meds to double-check
Moderate interaction found
Check with us before taking this if you're on blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs (like warfarin or aspirin), diabetes medications, or immunosuppressants. Maritime pine bark extract may increase bleeding risk, lower your blood sugar further, or interfere with immune-suppressing therapy.
These are Moderate-severity interactions and warrant a close look at your specific drugs.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
This product may help with osteoarthritis or leg circulation issues, but it's worth a conversation with your pharmacist before starting — especially if you take blood thinners, diabetes medications, or immunosuppressants. The interaction risks are moderate and manageable with monitoring, but they're real.
Long-term safety data is thin, and it's not recommended in pregnancy or while breastfeeding.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 1 of 2 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jun 25, 2013.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about Pine Bark Extract, straight from the product label.
| Brand | PureBulk.com |
|---|---|
| Net contents | 100 Gram(s); 3.53 oz. |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Jun 25, 2013 |
| DSLD ID | 23200 |
| Product type | Botanical |
| Supplement form | Powder |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free, Dairy Free, Sugar Free |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for Pine Bark Extract by PureBulk.com, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Pine bark extract | 250 mg | -- |
| Proanthocyanidin | 238 mg | -- |
Other ingredients: None
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
General Statements
Derived from Pinus massoniana Lamb bark
US Standard Measuring Spoons Spoon Size (level) milligrams 1/16 teaspoon 187 1/8 teaspoon 375 1/4 teaspoon 751
Precautions
Consult your health professional before use.
Do not use with blood-thinning agents.
Discontinue use after 12 weeks.
Warning: This product is not intended for use by those with a serious medical condition or pregnant or lactating women.
Consult your physician before use.
Keep out of reach of children.
Storage
Storage: Keep dry, cool & dark
Formulation
Free of: sugar, soy, dairy, yeast, gluten, corn and additives.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Directions: As a dietary supplement, take 250 mg (rounded 1/16 tsp) a day, or as directed by physician.
FDA Disclaimer Statement
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
Pine Bark Extract by PureBulk.com label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in Pine Bark Extract by PureBulk.com
These are the 2 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.
Serving size250 mg Dosage formPowder Servings per container400 Amounts shown are per serving.
Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.
Pine bark extract
Interacts with327 drugs
Maritime pine bark extract (often sold as Pycnogenol) is a plant-based antioxidant most studied for circulation, vein, and skin health. Some research...
Pine bark extract monograph & interactionsProanthocyanidin
Other (inactive) ingredients: None. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
Pine Bark Extract by PureBulk.com Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
Pine Bark Extract by PureBulk.com contains an ingredient — maritime pine bark extract — that has documented interactions with several medication types.
The most serious concern is with blood thinners and antiplatelet drugs (Moderate severity): maritime pine bark extract may inhibit platelet aggregation, theoretically increasing your bleeding risk when combined with these medications, though the clinical significance remains unclear.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
You'll also want to flag immunosuppressants (Moderate): animal and lab research suggests the extract may stimulate your immune system and potentially undermine immunosuppressant therapy, but this hasn't been observed in people yet. Diabetes medications also carry a Moderate interaction risk — one clinical study found that maritime pine bark extract lowers blood sugar, so combined use could push your glucose too low.
Close monitoring and dose adjustments may be needed.
We could not check proanthocyanidin, the product's second ingredient, for interactions because we hold no data on it. Altogether, these interactions span 322 individual medications.
Use the medication checker on this page to see if any of your specific prescriptions are affected.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against Pine Bark Extract?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in Pine Bark Extract interact with 327 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
1 of the 2 ingredients in Pine Bark Extract interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Pine bark extract
EculizumabSoliris
How Eculizumab interacts with Pine Bark Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pine Bark ExtractImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might decrease the effectiveness of immunosuppressant therapy.
Read the full Pine Bark Extract + Eculizumab interactionEdoxabanSavaysa
How Edoxaban interacts with Pine Bark Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pine Bark ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Read the full Pine Bark Extract + Edoxaban interactionEfalizumabRaptiva
How Efalizumab interacts with Pine Bark Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pine Bark ExtractImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might decrease the effectiveness of immunosuppressant therapy.
Read the full Pine Bark Extract + Efalizumab interactionEffientPrasugrel
How Effient interacts with Pine Bark Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pine Bark ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Read the full Pine Bark Extract + Effient interactionEfgartigimod Alfa-fcabVyvgart
How Efgartigimod Alfa-fcab interacts with Pine Bark Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pine Bark ExtractImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might decrease the effectiveness of immunosuppressant therapy.
Read the full Pine Bark Extract + Efgartigimod Alfa-fcab interactionElranatamabElrexfio
How Elranatamab interacts with Pine Bark Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pine Bark ExtractImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might decrease the effectiveness of immunosuppressant therapy.
Read the full Pine Bark Extract + Elranatamab interactionEmapalumab-lzsgGamifant
How Emapalumab-lzsg interacts with Pine Bark Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pine Bark ExtractImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might decrease the effectiveness of immunosuppressant therapy.
Read the full Pine Bark Extract + Emapalumab-lzsg interactionEmpagliflozinJardiance
How Empagliflozin interacts with Pine Bark Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pine Bark ExtractAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when used with antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Pine Bark Extract + Empagliflozin interactionEmpagliflozin, Linagliptin, Metformin HydrochlorideTrijardy XR
How Empagliflozin, Linagliptin, Metformin Hydrochloride interacts with Pine Bark Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pine Bark ExtractAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when used with antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Pine Bark Extract + Empagliflozin, Linagliptin, Metformin Hydrochloride interactionEmpagliflozin, MetforminSynjardy
How Empagliflozin, Metformin interacts with Pine Bark Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pine Bark ExtractAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when used with antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Pine Bark Extract + Empagliflozin, Metformin interactionEmpagliflozin, Metformin HydrochlorideSynjardy XR
How Empagliflozin, Metformin Hydrochloride interacts with Pine Bark Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pine Bark ExtractAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when used with antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Pine Bark Extract + Empagliflozin, Metformin Hydrochloride interactionEnoxaparinLovenox
How Enoxaparin interacts with Pine Bark Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pine Bark ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Read the full Pine Bark Extract + Enoxaparin interactionEpcoritamab-byspEpkinly
How Epcoritamab-bysp interacts with Pine Bark Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pine Bark ExtractImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might decrease the effectiveness of immunosuppressant therapy.
Read the full Pine Bark Extract + Epcoritamab-bysp interactionEptifibatideIntegrilin
How Eptifibatide interacts with Pine Bark Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pine Bark ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Read the full Pine Bark Extract + Eptifibatide interactionErtugliflozinSteglatro
How Ertugliflozin interacts with Pine Bark Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pine Bark ExtractAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when used with antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Pine Bark Extract + Ertugliflozin interactionErtugliflozin, Metformin HydrochlorideSegluromet
How Ertugliflozin, Metformin Hydrochloride interacts with Pine Bark Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pine Bark ExtractAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when used with antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Pine Bark Extract + Ertugliflozin, Metformin Hydrochloride interactionEsomeprazole, NaproxenVimovo
How Esomeprazole, Naproxen interacts with Pine Bark Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pine Bark ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Read the full Pine Bark Extract + Esomeprazole, Naproxen interactionEtanercept-szzsErelzi
How Etanercept-szzs interacts with Pine Bark Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pine Bark ExtractImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might decrease the effectiveness of immunosuppressant therapy.
Read the full Pine Bark Extract + Etanercept-szzs interactionEtanercept-ykroEticovo
How Etanercept-ykro interacts with Pine Bark Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pine Bark ExtractImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might decrease the effectiveness of immunosuppressant therapy.
Read the full Pine Bark Extract + Etanercept-ykro interactionEtrasimodVelsipity
How Etrasimod interacts with Pine Bark Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pine Bark ExtractImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might decrease the effectiveness of immunosuppressant therapy.
Read the full Pine Bark Extract + Etrasimod interactionExenatideBydureon, Byetta
How Exenatide interacts with Pine Bark Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pine Bark ExtractAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when used with antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Pine Bark Extract + Exenatide interactionExenatide SyntheticBydureon BCISE
How Exenatide Synthetic interacts with Pine Bark Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pine Bark ExtractAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when used with antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Pine Bark Extract + Exenatide Synthetic interactionFamotidine, IbuprofenDuexis
How Famotidine, Ibuprofen interacts with Pine Bark Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pine Bark ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Read the full Pine Bark Extract + Famotidine, Ibuprofen interactionFingolimodGilenya, Tascenso ODT
How Fingolimod interacts with Pine Bark Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pine Bark ExtractImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might decrease the effectiveness of immunosuppressant therapy.
Read the full Pine Bark Extract + Fingolimod interactionFish Oil TriglyceridesOmegaven
How Fish Oil Triglycerides interacts with Pine Bark Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pine Bark ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Read the full Pine Bark Extract + Fish Oil Triglycerides interactionFludrocortisoneFlorinef Acetate
How Fludrocortisone interacts with Pine Bark Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pine Bark ExtractImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might decrease the effectiveness of immunosuppressant therapy.
Read the full Pine Bark Extract + Fludrocortisone interactionFluorouracil (iv)Fluorouracil
How Fluorouracil (iv) interacts with Pine Bark Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pine Bark ExtractImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might decrease the effectiveness of immunosuppressant therapy.
Read the full Pine Bark Extract + Fluorouracil (iv) interactionFlupenthixolFluanxol
How Flupenthixol interacts with Pine Bark Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pine Bark ExtractImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might decrease the effectiveness of immunosuppressant therapy.
Read the full Pine Bark Extract + Flupenthixol interactionFondaparinuxArixtra
How Fondaparinux interacts with Pine Bark Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pine Bark ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Read the full Pine Bark Extract + Fondaparinux interactionFostamatinibTavalisse
How Fostamatinib interacts with Pine Bark Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pine Bark ExtractImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might decrease the effectiveness of immunosuppressant therapy.
Read the full Pine Bark Extract + Fostamatinib interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in Pine Bark Extract with known interactions, here are the types of medications it can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Pine bark extract
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Clinical research suggests that maritime pine bark extract inhibits platelet aggregation. However, the clinical significance of this effect is unclear.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when used with antidiabetes drugs.
One clinical study shows that maritime pine bark extract decreases blood sugar in patients with diabetes being treated with antidiabetes agents. Monitor blood glucose levels closely. Dose adjustments might be necessary.
Immunosuppressants
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might decrease the effectiveness of immunosuppressant therapy.
In vitro and animal research suggests that maritime pine bark extract has immunostimulant activity. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for Pine Bark Extract, from the product label.
PureBulk.com
See all PureBulk.com products- Name
- PureBulk.com
- City
- Roseburg
- State
- OR
- ZipCode
- 97471
- Phone Number
- (541) 679-1500
- Web Address
- PureBulk.com
Pine Bark Extract by PureBulk.com: Common Questions
Does Pine Bark Extract by PureBulk.com interact with any medications?
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Where does this information come from?
Will this help my osteoarthritis?
What are the most common side effects I should expect?
Is it safe to take this while pregnant or breastfeeding?
Can this lower my blood sugar if I'm diabetic?
What's the difference between the two active ingredients here?
How long does it take to work?
Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
Not sure if Pine Bark Extract is safe with your meds?
Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.
Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind Pine Bark Extract’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Sources & How We Checked
Pine Bark Extract's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 14 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Maritime Pine 14 references
- Rice-Evans CA, Packer L, eds. Flavonoids in Health and Disease. Manhattan, NY: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1998.
- Liu FJ, Zhang YX, Lau BH. Pycnogenol enhances immune and haemopoietic functions in senescence-accelerated mice. Cell Mol Life Sci 1998;54:1168-72. PubMed
- Putter M, Grotemeyer KH, Wurthwein G, et al. Inhibition of smoking-induced platelet aggregation by aspirin and pycnogenol. Thromb Res 1999;95:155-61. PubMed
- Kohama T, Inoue M. Pycnogenol alleviates pain associated with pregnancy. Phytother Res 2006;20:232-4.
- Liu X, Zhou HJ, Rohdewald P. French maritime pine bark extract pycnogenol dose-dependently lowers glucose in type 2 diabetic patients (letter). Diabetes Care 2004;27:839. PubMed
- Liu X, Wei J, Tan F, et al. Antidiabetic effect of Pycnogenol French maritime pine bark extract in patients with diabetes type II. Life Sci 2004;75:2505-13. PubMed
- Wilson D, Evans M, Guthrie N et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled exploratory study to evaluate the potential of pycnogenol for improving allergic rhinitis symptoms. Phytother Res 2010;24:1115-9.
- Araghi-Niknam, M., Hosseini, S., Larson, D., Rohdewald, P., and Watson, R. R. Pine bark extract reduces platelet aggregation. Integr.Med. 3-21-2000;2(2):73-77. PubMed
- Trebaticka, J., Kopasova, S., Hradecna, Z., Cinovsky, K., Skodacek, I., Suba, J., Muchova, J., Zitnanova, I., Waczulikova, I., Rohdewald, P., and Durackova, Z. Treatment of ADHD with French maritime pine bark extract, Pycnogenol. Eur.Child Adolesc.Psychi PubMed
- Suzuki, N., Uebaba, K., Kohama, T., Moniwa, N., Kanayama, N., and Koike, K. French maritime pine bark extract significantly lowers the requirement for analgesic medication in dysmenorrhea: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
- Cisar, P., Jany, R., Waczulikova, I., Sumegova, K., Muchova, J., Vojtassak, J., Durackova, Z., Lisy, M., and Rohdewald, P. Effect of pine bark extract (Pycnogenol) on symptoms of knee osteoarthritis. Phytother.Res. 2008;22(8):1087-1092.
- Enseleit, F., Sudano, I., Periat, D., Winnik, S., Wolfrum, M., Flammer, A. J., Frohlich, G. M., Kaiser, P., Hirt, A., Haile, S. R., Krasniqi, N., Matter, C. M., Uhlenhut, K., Hogger, P., Neidhart, M., Luscher, T. F., Ruschitzka, F., and Noll, G. Effects
- Schoonees, A., Visser, J., Musekiwa, A., and Volmink, J. Pycnogenol(R) (extract of French maritime pine bark) for the treatment of chronic disorders. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2012;4:CD008294.
- Wang S, Tan D Zhao Y et al. The effect of pycnogenol on the microcirculation, platelet function and ischemic myocardium in patients with coronary artery diseases. Eur Bull Drug Res 1999;7:19-25.
Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.
DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.
© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC