Raspberry Ketones Plus+ Ingredients & Drug Interactions
by NatureWise
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking Raspberry Ketones Plus+ against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Raspberry Ketones Plus+ is a dietary supplement by NatureWise with 5 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for nerve pain (neuropathy), muscle and joint pain (arthritis), back pain.Based on those ingredients, 1,303 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Green Tea Leaf Extract, Powder, Cayenne Pepper, Powder, African Mango Seed Extract. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against Raspberry Ketones Plus+ by NatureWise
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Raspberry Ketones Plus+ by NatureWise — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Raspberry Ketones Plus+ by NatureWise
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Low disclosure
Raspberry Ketones Plus+ contains five active ingredients. The main ones are cayenne pepper powder, raspberry ketones, acai berry powder, green tea leaf extract powder, and African mango seed extract.
The product also includes inactive ingredients — cellulose, rice flour, and rice husks concentrate — which are fillers and binders that help hold the capsule together. We don't have detailed information on what the proprietary antioxidant blend contains, since its component ingredients are listed together rather than individually.
The product itself doesn't specify what's in that blend.
Does it work?
Moderate evidence
Green tea extract is likely effective for human papillomavirus (HPV) and possibly effective for ovarian cancer and high cholesterol. Cayenne pepper is likely effective for two types of nerve pain — postherpetic neuralgia (pain after shingles) and diabetic neuropathy — and possibly effective for cluster headaches, back pain, and postoperative nausea.
For the other ingredients, the evidence we hold is limited. Acai berry, African mango seed extract, and raspberry ketones all show insufficient evidence to rate their effectiveness for the conditions studied — which include weight loss, cholesterol, erectile function, aging skin, and athletic performance.
That doesn't mean they don't work; it means the data we have isn't strong enough to say one way or the other.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Cayenne pepper is generally well tolerated in food amounts or medicinal doses up to 200 mg daily, though it commonly causes burning and irritation. Oral side effects include belching, bloating, burning, diarrhea, gas, headache, nausea, skin flushing, and sweating.
Concentrated supplements beyond typical doses are not well studied and should be avoided unless your doctor approves. Green tea is generally well tolerated when consumed as a beverage or in extracts for up to 12 months, but concentrated extracts in high doses have been linked to rare liver injury.
Common side effects are bloating, constipation, diarrhea, gas, and nausea. African mango seed extract is generally well tolerated short-term in studies, though one case of acute hepatitis has been reported.
Acai and green tea both contain caffeine, which passes into breast milk. During pregnancy, the safety data on concentrated supplements is limited — cayenne and acai supplements are not well studied, and African mango is best avoided.
Meds to double-check
Major interaction found
Before taking this product, check with your pharmacist if you take nadolol, ephedrine, atorvastatin, or any beta-blockers, statins, stimulants, diabetes drugs, blood thinners, aspirin, theophylline, ciprofloxacin, seizure medications, dipyridamole, or testosterone products. Green tea and cayenne pepper together affect many common medications, and African mango also interacts with diabetes and testosterone drugs.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
If you take medications for blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol, seizures, or blood thinning, run your prescription list through the checker on this page before starting this product. Cayenne pepper may be helpful for nerve pain, and green tea has some support for HPV and cholesterol, but raspberry ketones and the other ingredients lack strong evidence.
Talk to your pharmacist about whether this product fits your health goals and medications.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 4 of 5 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Feb 23, 2025.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about Raspberry Ketones Plus+, straight from the product label.
| Brand | NatureWise |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | 858081006172 |
| Net contents | 120 Vegan Capsule(s) |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Feb 23, 2025 |
| DSLD ID | 327754 |
| Product type | Botanical |
| Supplement form | Capsule |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Vegan, Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free, Dairy Free |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for Raspberry Ketones Plus+ by NatureWise, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Cayenne Pepper, Powder | 0 NP | -- |
| Proprietary Antioxidant Blend | 201 mg | -- |
| Raspberry Ketones | 400 mg | -- |
| Acai Berry, Powder | 0 NP | -- |
| Green Tea Leaf Extract, Powder | 0 NP | -- |
| African Mango Seed Extract | 0 NP | -- |
Other ingredients: Cellulose, Rice Flour, Rice Husks Concentrate
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formulation
Vegan
Gluten free Soy free
Tune up your metabolism
This product does not contain: Wheat, gluten, dairy, soy, eggs, fish, shellfish, tree nuts, or peanuts.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Suggested use: Adults take 1 capsule twice daily with or without meals, or as recommended by your healthcare provider. NatureWise Raspberry Ketones Plus + should always be taken in conjunction with a healthy diet and regular exercise program.
Precautions
Caution: As with any dietary supplement, you should consult your healthcare provider before use, especially if pregnant, nursing, have a medical condition, taking medications, or have known adverse reactions or allergies.
Caution: As with any dietary supplement, you should consult your healthcare provider before use, especially if pregnant, nursing, have a medical condition, taking medications, or have known adverse reactions or allergies.
Keep out of the reach of children.
Do not use if safety seal is damaged or missing.
Formula
NatureWise Raspberry Ketones Plus + combines 400 mg of pure raspberry ketones with a blend of powerful plant extracts like African mango seed, green tea, acai, and cayenne to help promote metabolic processes, encourage the use of fatty acids for energy, and support detoxification, providing a boost for weight management goals.
Raspberry Ketones Plus+ with added antioxidants: Acai Berry African Mango Seed Extract Green Tea Extract Cayenne Pepper
General Statements
To learn more about NatureWise Raspberry Ketones Plus + and our other great products, please visit us at naturewise.com
FDA Disclaimer Statement
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
FDA Statement of Identity
Dietary Supplement
Brand IP Statement(s)
Copyright 2021 NatureWise. All Rights Reserved.
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place.
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
Raspberry Ketones Plus+ by NatureWise label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in Raspberry Ketones Plus+ by NatureWise
These are the 5 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.
Serving size1 Vegan Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container120 Amounts shown are per serving.
Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.
Proprietary Antioxidant Blend
Raspberry Ketones
Other (inactive) ingredients: Cellulose, Rice Flour, Rice Husks Concentrate. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
Raspberry Ketones Plus+ by NatureWise Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
Raspberry Ketones Plus+ by NatureWise contains five ingredients, and we have interaction data for four of them.
The most serious interactions involve green tea leaf extract, which carries Major-severity risks with nadolol (a beta-blocker), ephedrine (a stimulant), and atorvastatin (a statin). Green tea reduces the levels of these medications significantly, which can undermine their effectiveness.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
Cayenne pepper adds Moderate-severity risks with blood thinners and antiplatelet drugs (like warfarin and aspirin), as well as with diabetes medications, theophylline, and the antibiotic ciprofloxacin. Acai berry and African mango seed extract both interact Moderately with diabetes drugs and may affect blood sugar control.
African mango also carries a Moderate interaction with testosterone products.
We could not check raspberry ketones — no data is on file for that ingredient. A small number of less serious (Minor) interactions involve cayenne pepper and ACE inhibitors (blood pressure drugs).
Altogether, these interactions span 1,282 individual medications. Use the medication checker on this page to look up your exact prescriptions before starting.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against Raspberry Ketones Plus+?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in Raspberry Ketones Plus+ interact with 1,303 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
4 of the 5 ingredients in Raspberry Ketones Plus+ interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Green Tea Leaf Extract, Powder Cayenne Pepper, Powder African Mango Seed Extract Acai Berry, Powder
Amoxicillin, Omeprazole Magnesium, RifabutinTalicia
How Amoxicillin, Omeprazole Magnesium, Rifabutin interacts with Raspberry Ketones Plus+ — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Green Tea Leaf Extract, PowderCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Inhibitors +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Green tea is unlikely to produce clinically significant changes in the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Green Tea Leaf Extract, Powder + Amoxicillin, Omeprazole Magnesium, Rifabutin interactionAmphetamineAdensys XR-ODT, Adzenys ER, Dyanavel XR, Mydayis
How Amphetamine interacts with Raspberry Ketones Plus+ — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Green Tea Leaf Extract, PowderStimulant Drugs, Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (maois) Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase stimulant adverse effects.
Read the full Green Tea Leaf Extract, Powder + Amphetamine interactionAmphetamine Aspartate, Amphetamine Sulfate, Dextroamphetamine Saccharate, Dextroamphetamine SulfateAdderall, Adderall XR
How Amphetamine Aspartate, Amphetamine Sulfate, Dextroamphetamine Saccharate, Dextroamphetamine Sulfate interacts with Raspberry Ketones Plus+ — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Green Tea Leaf Extract, PowderStimulant Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase stimulant adverse effects.
Read the full Green Tea Leaf Extract, Powder + Amphetamine Aspartate, Amphetamine Sulfate, Dextroamphetamine Saccharate, Dextroamphetamine Sulfate interactionAmphetamine SulfateBenzedrine, Evekeo ODT
How Amphetamine Sulfate interacts with Raspberry Ketones Plus+ — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Green Tea Leaf Extract, PowderStimulant Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase stimulant adverse effects.
Read the full Green Tea Leaf Extract, Powder + Amphetamine Sulfate interactionAmphotericin, TetracyclineMysteclin-F
How Amphotericin, Tetracycline interacts with Raspberry Ketones Plus+ — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Green Tea Leaf Extract, PowderHepatotoxic Drugs, P-glycoprotein Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive adverse hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Green Tea Leaf Extract, Powder + Amphotericin, Tetracycline interactionAmprenavirAgenerase
How Amprenavir interacts with Raspberry Ketones Plus+ — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Green Tea Leaf Extract, PowderP-glycoprotein Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Green tea might increase the levels and adverse effects of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrates.
Read the full Green Tea Leaf Extract, Powder + Amprenavir interactionAnacaulase-bcdbNexoBrid
How Anacaulase-bcdb interacts with Raspberry Ketones Plus+ — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Green Tea Leaf Extract, PowderAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, green tea may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Green Tea Leaf Extract, Powder + Anacaulase-bcdb interactionCayenne Pepper, PowderAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, capsicum may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Cayenne Pepper, Powder + Anacaulase-bcdb interactionAnagrelideAgrylin
How Anagrelide interacts with Raspberry Ketones Plus+ — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Cayenne Pepper, PowderAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, capsicum may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Cayenne Pepper, Powder + Anagrelide interactionGreen Tea Leaf Extract, PowderAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Inhibitors Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, green tea may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Green Tea Leaf Extract, Powder + Anagrelide interactionAnidulafunginEraxis
How Anidulafungin interacts with Raspberry Ketones Plus+ — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Green Tea Leaf Extract, PowderHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive adverse hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Green Tea Leaf Extract, Powder + Anidulafungin interactionAnisindioneMiradon
How Anisindione interacts with Raspberry Ketones Plus+ — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Green Tea Leaf Extract, PowderAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, green tea may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Green Tea Leaf Extract, Powder + Anisindione interactionCayenne Pepper, PowderAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, capsicum may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Cayenne Pepper, Powder + Anisindione interactionAntidiabetes, Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (dpp-iv) InhibitorGlyxambi
How Antidiabetes, Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (dpp-iv) Inhibitor interacts with Raspberry Ketones Plus+ — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Cayenne Pepper, PowderAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking capsicum with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Read the full Cayenne Pepper, Powder + Antidiabetes, Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (dpp-iv) Inhibitor interactionAfrican Mango Seed ExtractAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking Irvingia gabonensis with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia in some patients.
Read the full African Mango Seed Extract + Antidiabetes, Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (dpp-iv) Inhibitor interactionGreen Tea Leaf Extract, PowderAntidiabetes Drugs, P-glycoprotein Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking green tea with antidiabetes drugs might interfere with blood glucose control.
Read the full Green Tea Leaf Extract, Powder + Antidiabetes, Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (dpp-iv) Inhibitor interactionAcai Berry, PowderAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking acai with antidiabetes drugs might interfere with glycemic control.
Read the full Acai Berry, Powder + Antidiabetes, Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (dpp-iv) Inhibitor interactionAntithrombin IiiThrombate III
How Antithrombin Iii interacts with Raspberry Ketones Plus+ — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Cayenne Pepper, PowderAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, capsicum may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Cayenne Pepper, Powder + Antithrombin Iii interactionGreen Tea Leaf Extract, PowderAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, green tea may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Green Tea Leaf Extract, Powder + Antithrombin Iii interactionApixabanEliquis
How Apixaban interacts with Raspberry Ketones Plus+ — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Green Tea Leaf Extract, PowderCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, P-glycoprotein Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Green tea is unlikely to produce clinically significant changes in the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Green Tea Leaf Extract, Powder + Apixaban interactionCayenne Pepper, PowderAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, capsicum may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Cayenne Pepper, Powder + Apixaban interactionApomorphineAPO-go, APO-go Pen, APO-go PFS, Apokyn, Uprima
How Apomorphine interacts with Raspberry Ketones Plus+ — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Green Tea Leaf Extract, PowderP-glycoprotein Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Green tea might increase the levels and adverse effects of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrates.
Read the full Green Tea Leaf Extract, Powder + Apomorphine interactionApomorphine HydrochlorideKynmobi
How Apomorphine Hydrochloride interacts with Raspberry Ketones Plus+ — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Green Tea Leaf Extract, PowderP-glycoprotein Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Green tea might increase the levels and adverse effects of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrates.
Read the full Green Tea Leaf Extract, Powder + Apomorphine Hydrochloride interactionAprobarbital, Butabarbital, PhenobarbitalTriple Barbital
How Aprobarbital, Butabarbital, Phenobarbital interacts with Raspberry Ketones Plus+ — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Green Tea Leaf Extract, PowderPhenobarbital (luminal) Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, green tea might reduce the effects of phenobarbital and increase the risk for convulsions.
Read the full Green Tea Leaf Extract, Powder + Aprobarbital, Butabarbital, Phenobarbital interactionAprocitentanTryvio
How Aprocitentan interacts with Raspberry Ketones Plus+ — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Green Tea Leaf Extract, PowderHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive adverse hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Green Tea Leaf Extract, Powder + Aprocitentan interactionArbinoxamine, PseudoephedrineColdec TR
How Arbinoxamine, Pseudoephedrine interacts with Raspberry Ketones Plus+ — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Green Tea Leaf Extract, PowderStimulant Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase stimulant adverse effects.
Read the full Green Tea Leaf Extract, Powder + Arbinoxamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionArformoterolBrovana
How Arformoterol interacts with Raspberry Ketones Plus+ — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Green Tea Leaf Extract, PowderBeta-adrenergic Agonists Moderate
Interaction Summary
Green tea contains caffeine.
Read the full Green Tea Leaf Extract, Powder + Arformoterol interactionArgatrobanArgatroban
How Argatroban interacts with Raspberry Ketones Plus+ — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Cayenne Pepper, PowderAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, capsicum may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Cayenne Pepper, Powder + Argatroban interactionGreen Tea Leaf Extract, PowderAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, green tea may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Green Tea Leaf Extract, Powder + Argatroban interactionArmodafinilNuvigil
How Armodafinil interacts with Raspberry Ketones Plus+ — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Green Tea Leaf Extract, PowderCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Stimulant Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Green tea is unlikely to produce clinically significant changes in the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Green Tea Leaf Extract, Powder + Armodafinil interactionAsparaginase Erwinia Chrysanthemi (recombinant)-rywnRylaze
How Asparaginase Erwinia Chrysanthemi (recombinant)-rywn interacts with Raspberry Ketones Plus+ — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Green Tea Leaf Extract, PowderHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive adverse hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Green Tea Leaf Extract, Powder + Asparaginase Erwinia Chrysanthemi (recombinant)-rywn interactionAspirinAngettes 75, ASA, Asaphen, Aspirin, Caprin, Cartia +8 more
How Aspirin interacts with Raspberry Ketones Plus+ — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Green Tea Leaf Extract, PowderAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, green tea may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Green Tea Leaf Extract, Powder + Aspirin interactionCayenne Pepper, PowderAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Aspirin Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, capsicum may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Cayenne Pepper, Powder + Aspirin interactionAspirin, Aluminum Hydroxide, Codeine Phosphate, Magnesium HydroxideAscriptin Codeine #3
How Aspirin, Aluminum Hydroxide, Codeine Phosphate, Magnesium Hydroxide interacts with Raspberry Ketones Plus+ — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Cayenne Pepper, PowderAspirin, Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking capsicum with aspirin might reduce the bioavailability of aspirin.
Read the full Cayenne Pepper, Powder + Aspirin, Aluminum Hydroxide, Codeine Phosphate, Magnesium Hydroxide interactionGreen Tea Leaf Extract, PowderAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, green tea may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Green Tea Leaf Extract, Powder + Aspirin, Aluminum Hydroxide, Codeine Phosphate, Magnesium Hydroxide interactionAspirin, ButalbitalAxotal
How Aspirin, Butalbital interacts with Raspberry Ketones Plus+ — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Green Tea Leaf Extract, PowderAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, green tea may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Green Tea Leaf Extract, Powder + Aspirin, Butalbital interactionCayenne Pepper, PowderAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Aspirin Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, capsicum may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Cayenne Pepper, Powder + Aspirin, Butalbital interactionAspirin, Butalbital, CaffeineFiorinal
How Aspirin, Butalbital, Caffeine interacts with Raspberry Ketones Plus+ — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Cayenne Pepper, PowderAspirin, Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking capsicum with aspirin might reduce the bioavailability of aspirin.
Read the full Cayenne Pepper, Powder + Aspirin, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionGreen Tea Leaf Extract, PowderStimulant Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase stimulant adverse effects.
Read the full Green Tea Leaf Extract, Powder + Aspirin, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionAspirin, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine PhosphateFiorinal w/ Codeine
How Aspirin, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine Phosphate interacts with Raspberry Ketones Plus+ — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Green Tea Leaf Extract, PowderAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Stimulant Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, green tea may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Green Tea Leaf Extract, Powder + Aspirin, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine Phosphate interactionCayenne Pepper, PowderAspirin, Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking capsicum with aspirin might reduce the bioavailability of aspirin.
Read the full Cayenne Pepper, Powder + Aspirin, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine Phosphate interactionAspirin, Butalbital, Caffeine, PhenacetinMarnal
How Aspirin, Butalbital, Caffeine, Phenacetin interacts with Raspberry Ketones Plus+ — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Green Tea Leaf Extract, PowderCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Stimulant Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Green tea is unlikely to produce clinically significant changes in the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Green Tea Leaf Extract, Powder + Aspirin, Butalbital, Caffeine, Phenacetin interactionCayenne Pepper, PowderAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Aspirin Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, capsicum may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Cayenne Pepper, Powder + Aspirin, Butalbital, Caffeine, Phenacetin interactionAspirin, CaffeineAnacin
How Aspirin, Caffeine interacts with Raspberry Ketones Plus+ — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Cayenne Pepper, PowderAspirin, Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking capsicum with aspirin might reduce the bioavailability of aspirin.
Read the full Cayenne Pepper, Powder + Aspirin, Caffeine interactionGreen Tea Leaf Extract, PowderStimulant Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase stimulant adverse effects.
Read the full Green Tea Leaf Extract, Powder + Aspirin, Caffeine interactionAspirin, Caffeine, Codeine PhosphateAnacin w/ Codeine
How Aspirin, Caffeine, Codeine Phosphate interacts with Raspberry Ketones Plus+ — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Green Tea Leaf Extract, PowderAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Stimulant Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, green tea may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Green Tea Leaf Extract, Powder + Aspirin, Caffeine, Codeine Phosphate interactionCayenne Pepper, PowderAspirin, Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking capsicum with aspirin might reduce the bioavailability of aspirin.
Read the full Cayenne Pepper, Powder + Aspirin, Caffeine, Codeine Phosphate interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in Raspberry Ketones Plus+ with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Green Tea Leaf Extract, Powder
Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
Green tea extract seems to reduce the levels and clinical effects of atorvastatin.
In healthy humans, taking green tea extract 300 mg or 600 mg along with atorvastatin reduces plasma levels of atorvastatin by approximately 24%. The elimination of atorvastatin is not affected. Atorvastatin is a substrate of organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs). Research shows that two of the major catechins found in green tea, epicatechin gallate (ECG) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), inhibit OATPs. Some OATPs are expressed in the small intestine and are responsible for the uptake of drugs and other compounds, which may have resulted in reduced plasma levels of atorvastatin. It is not clear if drinking green tea alters the absorption of atorvastatin.
Ephedrine
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the risk for stimulant adverse effects.
Green tea contains caffeine. There is evidence that using ephedrine with caffeine might increase the risk of serious life-threatening or debilitating adverse effects such as hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, seizures, and death.
Nadolol (Corgard)
Green tea seems to reduce the levels and clinical effects of nadolol.
Preliminary clinical research shows that green tea consumption reduces plasma concentrations of nadolol. Compared to a control group, both peak levels and total drug exposure (AUC) of nadolol were reduced by approximately 85% in subjects who drank green tea daily for two weeks. Drinking green tea with nadolol also significantly reduced nadolol's systolic blood pressure lowering effect. Other clinical research shows that a single dose of green tea can affect plasma nadolol levels for at least one hour. Green tea catechins have been shown to inhibit organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATP), one of which, OATP1A2, is involved in the uptake of nadolol in the intestine The interaction is thought to be due primarily to the epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) content of green tea.
5-Fluorouracil
Theoretically, high doses of green tea might increase the effects and side effects of 5-fluorouracil.
Animal research shows that taking green tea in amounts equivalent to about 6 cups daily in humans for 4 weeks prior to receiving a single injection of 5-fluorouracil increases the maximum plasma levels of 5-fluorouracil by about 2.5-fold and the area under the curve by 425%.
Adenosine (Adenocard)
Theoretically, green tea might decrease the vasodilatory effects of adenosine and interfere with its use prior to stress testing.
Green tea contains caffeine. Caffeine is a competitive inhibitor of adenosine at the cellular level. However, caffeine doesn't seem to affect supplemental adenosine because high interstitial levels of adenosine overcome the antagonistic effects of caffeine. It is recommended that methylxanthines and methylxanthine-containing products be stopped 24 hours prior to pharmacological stress tests. However, methylxanthines appear more likely to interfere with dipyridamole (Persantine) than adenosine-induced stress testing.
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, green tea may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Conflicting reports exist regarding the effect of green tea on bleeding risk when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs; however, most evidence suggests that drinking green tea in moderate amounts is unlikely to cause a significant interaction. Green tea contains small amounts of vitamin K, approximately 7 mcg per cup. Some case reports have associated the antagonism of warfarin with the vitamin K content of green tea. However, these reports are rare, and very large doses of green tea (about 8-16 cups daily) appear to be needed to cause these effects. Furthermore, the catechins and caffeine in green tea are reported to have antiplatelet activity.
Beta-Adrenergic Agonists
Green tea contains caffeine. Theoretically, concomitant use of large amounts of caffeine might increase cardiac inotropic effects of beta-agonists.
Bortezomib (Velcade)
Theoretically, green tea might interfere with the effects of bortezomib.
In vitro research shows that green tea polyphenols, such as epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), interact with bortezomib and block its proteasome inhibitory action. This prevents the induction of cell death in multiple myeloma or glioblastoma cancer cell lines. Advise patients taking bortezomib, not to take green tea.
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
Theoretically, green tea might reduce the effects of carbamazepine and increase the risk for convulsions.
Green tea contains caffeine. Animal research suggests that taking caffeine can lower the anticonvulsant effects of carbamazepine and can induce seizures when taken in doses above 400 mg/kg. Human research has shown that taking caffeine 300 mg in three divided doses along with carbamazepine 200 mg reduces the bioavailability of carbamazepine by 32% and prolongs the plasma half-life of carbamazepine 2-fold in healthy individuals.
Celiprolol (Celicard)
Theoretically, green tea might reduce the levels and clinical effects of celiprolol.
In a small human study, taking green tea daily for 4 days appears to decrease blood and urine levels of celiprolol by at least 98%. This interaction is possibly due to the inhibition of organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP). Green tea catechins have been shown to inhibit organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATP), one of which, OATP1A2, is found in the intestine The interaction is thought to be due primarily to the epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) content of green tea.
Cimetidine (Tagamet)
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the effects and adverse effects of caffeine in green tea.
Green tea contains caffeine. Cimetidine can reduce caffeine clearance by 31% to 42%.
Clozapine (Clozaril)
Theoretically, green tea might increase the levels and adverse effects of clozapine and acutely exacerbate psychotic symptoms.
Animal research suggests that, although green tea extract does not affect the elimination of clozapine, it delays the time to reach peak concentration and reduces the peak plasma levels. Also, concomitant administration of green tea and clozapine might theoretically cause acute exacerbation of psychotic symptoms due to the caffeine in green tea. Caffeine can increase the effects and toxicity of clozapine. Caffeine doses of 400-1000 mg daily inhibit clozapine metabolism. Clozapine is metabolized by cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2). Researchers speculate that caffeine might inhibit CYP1A2. However, there is no reliable evidence that caffeine affects CYP1A2. There is also speculation that genetic factors might make some patients be more sensitive to the interaction between clozapine and caffeine.
Contraceptive Drugs
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the effects and adverse effects of caffeine found in green tea.
Green tea contains caffeine. Oral contraceptives can decrease caffeine clearance by 40% to 65%.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Inhibitors
Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the levels and adverse effects of caffeine.
Green tea contains caffeine. Caffeine is metabolized by cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2),. Theoretically, drugs that inhibit CYP1A2 may decrease the clearance rate of caffeine from green tea and increase caffeine levels.
Dipyridamole (Persantine)
Theoretically, green tea might decrease the vasodilatory effects of dipyridamole and interfere with its use prior to stress testing.
Green tea contains caffeine. Caffeine might inhibit dipyridamole-induced vasodilation. It is recommended that methylxanthines and methylxanthine-containing products be stopped 24 hours prior to pharmacological stress tests. Methylxanthines appear more likely to interfere with dipyridamole (Persantine) than adenosine-induced stress testing.
Disulfiram (Antabuse)
Theoretically, disulfiram might increase the risk of adverse effects from caffeine.
In human research, disulfiram decreases the clearance and increases the half-life of caffeine.
Diuretic Drugs
Theoretically, using green tea with diuretic drugs might increase the risk of hypokalemia.
Green tea contains caffeine. In excessive amounts, caffeine can reduce potassium levels due to stimulation of the sodium-potassium pump. Diuretics can also cause lower potassium levels.
Estrogens
Theoretically, estrogens might increase the levels and adverse effects of caffeine.
Green tea contains caffeine. Estrogen inhibits caffeine metabolism.
Ethosuximide (Zarontin)
Theoretically, green tea might reduce the effects of ethosuximide and increase the risk for convulsions.
Green tea contains caffeine. Animal research suggests that caffeine 92.4 mg/kg can decrease the anticonvulsant activity of ethosuximide. However, this effect has not been reported in humans.
Felbamate (Felbatol)
Theoretically, green tea might reduce the effects of felbamate and increase the risk for convulsions.
Green tea contains caffeine. Animal research suggests that a high dose of caffeine 161.7 mg/kg can decreases the anticonvulsant activity of felbamate. However, this effect has not been reported in humans.
Fexofenadine (Allegra)
Green tea can decrease blood levels of fexofenadine.
Clinical research shows that green tea can significantly decrease blood levels and excretion of fexofenadine. Taking green tea extract with a dose of fexofenadine decreased bioavailability of fexofenadine by about 30%. In vitro, green tea inhibits the cellular accumulation of fexofenadine by inhibiting the organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) drug transporter. Research shows that two of the major catechins found in green tea, epicatechin gallate (ECG) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), inhibit OATPs, specifically OATP1A2, OATP1B1, and OATP2B1. In addition, green tea has been shown to reduce the absorption of some drugs that are OATP substrates.
Flutamide (Eulexin)
Theoretically, green tea might increase the levels and adverse effects of flutamide.
Green tea contains caffeine. In vitro evidence suggests that caffeine can inhibit the metabolism of flutamide. Theoretically, concomitant use of caffeine and flutamide might increase serum concentrations of flutamide and increase the risk adverse effects.
Fluvoxamine (Luvox)
Theoretically, fluvoxamine might increase the levels and adverse effects of caffeine.
Green tea contains caffeine. Fluvoxamine reduces caffeine metabolism.
Hepatotoxic Drugs
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive adverse hepatotoxic effects.
Green tea extract supplements have been linked to several cases of hepatotoxicity and might have additive hepatotoxic effects with other drugs..
Imatinib (Gleevec)
Theoretically, green tea might reduce the levels and clinical effects of imatinib.
In animal research, a single dose of green tea extract reduces the area under the curve (AUC) of imatinib by up to approximately 64% and its main metabolite N-desmethyl imatinib by up to approximately 81%. This interaction has not been shown in humans. The mechanism of action is unclear but may involve multiple pathways.
Cayenne Pepper, Powder
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, capsicum may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro research shows that capsicum might increase the effects of antiplatelet drugs. Also, population research shows that capsicum is associated with an increased risk of self-reported bleeding in patients taking warfarin. However, clinical research shows that taking a single dose of capsaicin (Asian Herbex Ltd.), the active ingredient in capsicum, 400-800 mcg orally in combination with aspirin 500 mg does not decrease platelet aggregation when compared with taking aspirin 500 mg alone. Also, there was no notable effect on measures of platelet aggregation with capsaicin. It is unclear whether capsaicin must be used in more than a single dose to affect platelet aggregation.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, taking capsicum with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Preliminary clinical research shows that consuming capsicum 5 grams along with a glucose drink attenuates the rise in plasma glucose after 30 minutes by 21%, decreases the 2-hour postprandial area under the curve of plasma glucose by 11%, and increases the 2-hour postprandial area under the curve of plasma insulin by 58% in healthy individuals when compared with placebo. Other clinical research shows that taking capsicum 5 mg daily for 28 days significantly reduces postprandial blood glucose and insulin levels, but not fasting blood glucose and insulin levels, in patients with gestational diabetes.
Aspirin
Theoretically, taking capsicum with aspirin might reduce the bioavailability of aspirin.
Animal research shows that acute or chronic intake of capsicum pepper reduces oral aspirin bioavailability. This has not been shown in humans.
Theophylline
Theoretically, taking capsicum with theophylline might increase the levels and adverse effects of theophylline.
In animal research, oral administration of capsicum reduced excretion of theophylline. However, capsicum does not seem to affect the pharmacokinetics of theophylline when administered intravenously.
Ace Inhibitors (Aceis)
Theoretically, using topical capsaicin may increase the risk of ACE inhibitor-induced cough.
There is one case report of a topically applied capsaicin cream contributing to the cough reflex in a patient using an ACEI. However, it is unclear if this interaction is clinically significant.
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
Theoretically, taking capsicum with ciprofloxacin might increase levels and adverse effects of ciprofloxacin.
Animal research shows that concomitant use of capsaicin, the active constituent of capsicum, and ciprofloxacin increases the bioavailability of ciprofloxacin by up to 70%.
African Mango Seed Extract
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, taking Irvingia gabonensis with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia in some patients.
Human research shows that Irvingia gabonensis decreases blood sugar in diabetic patients being treated with antidiabetes agents. Monitor blood glucose levels closely. Dose adjustments might be necessary.
Testosterone
Theoretically, taking Irvingia gabonensis with testosterone products drugs might cause additive effects in some patients.
Animal research suggests that Irvingia gabonensis increases testosterone levels. The mechanism of action is unclear. Until more is known, advise patients taking testosterone to avoid using or use Irvingia gabonensis cautiously.
Acai Berry, Powder
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, taking acai with antidiabetes drugs might interfere with glycemic control.
Preliminary clinical research in healthy adults has shown that taking acai may increase or decrease levels of fasting blood glucose.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for Raspberry Ketones Plus+, from the product label.
NatureWise
See all NatureWise products- Name
- NatureWise
- City
- Costa Mesa
- State
- CA
- ZipCode
- 92626
- Phone Number
- 800-510-7207
- Web Address
- naturewise.com
Raspberry Ketones Plus+ by NatureWise: Common Questions
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Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
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The Full Monographs Behind Raspberry Ketones Plus+’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Capsicum
Interacts with 239 drugsCapsicum (chili pepper) contains capsaicin, which is best known and best studied as a topical treatment for certain types of pain. Topical capsaicin products are supported by reasonable evid...
Read the full Capsicum monograph → Herb & supplement monographAcai
Interacts with 86 drugsAcai is a nutritious Amazonian berry rich in antioxidants and healthy fats, and it is fine to enjoy as a food. However, strong human evidence is lacking for the bold health claims often atta...
Read the full Acai monograph → Herb & supplement monographGreen Tea
Interacts with 1,293 drugsGreen tea is a popular beverage rich in antioxidants called catechins, and drinking it in normal amounts is considered safe for most people. Concentrated green tea extracts are a different s...
Read the full Green Tea monograph → Herb & supplement monographIrvingia Gabonensis
Interacts with 94 drugsIrvingia gabonensis (African mango) is a seed extract marketed mainly for weight loss and metabolic health. A few small studies suggest possible benefits, but the research is limited and low...
Read the full Irvingia Gabonensis monograph →Sources & How We Checked
Raspberry Ketones Plus+'s label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 317 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Capsicum 89 references
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- Final report on the safety assessment of capsicum annuum extract, capsicum annuum fruit extract, capsicum annuum resin, capsicum annuum fruit powder, capsicum frutescens fruit, capsicum frutescens fruit extract, capsicum frutescens resin, and capsaicin.
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- Gupta, P. J. Consumption of red-hot chili pepper increases symptoms in patients with acute anal fissures. Ann.Ital.Chir 2008;79(5):347-351.
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- Blanc, P., Liu, D., Juarez, C., and Boushey, H. A. Cough in hot pepper workers. Chest 1991;99(1):27-32. PubMed
- Akcay, A. B., Ozcan, T., Seyis, S., and Acele, A. Coronary vasospasm and acute myocardial infarction induced by a topical capsaicin patch. Turk.Kardiyol.Dern.Ars 2009;37(7):497-500.
- van Boxel, O. S., ter Linde, J. J., Siersema, P. D., and Smout, A. J. Role of chemical stimulation of the duodenum in dyspeptic symptom generation. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010;105(4):803-811. PubMed
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- Bortolotti, M. and Porta, S. Effect of red pepper on symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome: preliminary study. Dig.Dis.Sci 2011;56(11):3288-3295. PubMed
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- Gerber, S., Frueh, B. E., and Tappeiner, C. Conjunctival proliferation after a mild pepper spray injury in a young child. Cornea 2011;30(9):1042-1044. PubMed
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- Ludy, M. J., Moore, G. E., and Mattes, R. D. The effects of capsaicin and capsiate on energy balance: critical review and meta-analyses of studies in humans. Chem Senses 2012;37(2):103-121. PubMed
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- Busker, R. W. and van Helden, H. P. Toxicologic evaluation of pepper spray as a possible weapon for the Dutch police force: risk assessment and efficacy. Am.J.Forensic Med.Pathol. 1998;19(4):309-316. PubMed
- Sausenthaler, S., Koletzko, S., Schaaf, B., Lehmann, I., Borte, M., Herbarth, O., von Berg, A., Wichmann, H. E., and Heinrich, J. Maternal diet during pregnancy in relation to eczema and allergic sensitization in the offspring at 2 y of age. Am J Clin Nu PubMed
- Bleuel I, Zinkernagel M, Tschopp M, Tappeiner C. Association of bilateral acute anterior uveitis with a capsaicin patch. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2013;21(5):394-5. PubMed
- Casanueva B, Rodero B, Quintial C, Llorca J, González-Gay MA. Short-term efficacy of topical capsaicin therapy in severely affected fibromyalgia patients. Rheumatol Int 2013;33(10):2665-70. PubMed
- Copeland S, Nugent K. Persistent respiratory symptoms following prolonged capsaicin exposure. Int J Occup Environ Med. 2013;4(4):211-5.
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