Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 2 of 8 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Size Warheads Sour Watermelon Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by GHOST

Size Warheads Sour Watermelon label
See full label image
Powder Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Size Warheads Sour Watermelon against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Size Warheads Sour Watermelon is a dietary supplement by GHOST with 8 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for improving high-intensity exercise performance, building muscle strength and size, sports and athletic training.Based on those ingredients, 752 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Size Warheads Sour Watermelon by GHOST

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Size Warheads Sour Watermelon by GHOST — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Size Warheads Sour Watermelon by GHOST

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Sep 10, 2026

What’s inside

Partial disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Partial

Most active ingredients list an amount, but at least one is hidden in a blend or missing.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 6 of its 10 active ingredients.
  • “BetaPrime” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (400 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.
  • “Tingle-Reduced Beta-Alanine” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label doesn't break down how much of each component you get.

This powder contains 10 active ingredients. L-theanine is an amino acid that may support focus and calm.

Beta-alanine is an amino acid used by athletes to support physical performance and endurance. Creatine (Creapure) helps muscles produce energy during intense activity and may support muscle strength and size.

Jujube Seed Extract comes from the jujube plant and is included for its traditional uses. The remaining six ingredients—Betaine, AstraGin, Epicatechin, Senactiv, GHOST Size, and Celastrus Seed Extract—serve various roles in the formula, though detailed efficacy data on several of them isn't on file.

The product also contains inactive ingredients like citric acid, malic acid, natural and artificial flavor, tartaric acid, silicon dioxide, calcium silicate, sucralose, and vegetable juice powder.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: muscle strength and athletic performance support.
  • We looked for evidence on: Athletic performance, Physical performance, Muscle strength, Exercise-induced muscle breakdown, Muscle breakdown, Muscular endurance — and 1 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Creatine is rated "Possibly Effective" for Athletic performance (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Creatine is rated "Possibly Effective" for Muscle strength.
  • Also on file: Beta-alanine is rated "Possibly Effective" for Athletic performance, Physical performance.

L-theanine is possibly effective for cognitive function, but evidence is insufficient to rate it for age-related cognitive decline, Alzheimer's disease, anxiety, OCD, or cancer. Beta-alanine is possibly effective for athletic performance and physical performance, but evidence is insufficient for cognitive function, COPD, age-related cognitive decline, or menopausal symptoms.

Creatine is possibly effective for muscle strength, athletic performance, sarcopenia, and cerebral creatine deficiency syndromes, though it appears possibly ineffective for Huntington's disease and osteopenia. For Jujube Seed Extract, the evidence isn't established in our data we hold across the conditions listed.

Effectiveness data for Betaine, AstraGin, Epicatechin, Senactiv, GHOST Size, and Celastrus Seed Extract also isn't on file.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Creatine Beta-alanine

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 4 of the 4 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 4 of 4.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 4 of 4.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

L-theanine is generally well tolerated in healthy adults for short-term use, though long-term safety hasn't been well studied. The most common side effects are headaches, drowsiness, increased sleep duration, and more vivid dreams.

Beta-alanine is generally well tolerated but commonly causes a harmless tingling sensation (paresthesia) and skin flushing, usually starting on the scalp within 20 minutes and lasting about an hour. Creatine is generally well tolerated in healthy adults but may cause water retention, diarrhea, muscle cramps, gastrointestinal upset, and dehydration; those with kidney problems should be cautious.

Rare serious cases involving kidney or muscle issues have been reported, though meta-analyses have not found an increased risk. Jujube Seed Extract, while eaten as food worldwide, has limited safety data in concentrated supplement form; reported side effects from small studies include headache, diarrhea, dry mouth, and increased bowel movements.

For pregnancy, L-theanine, beta-alanine, and creatine lack sufficient safety data and are best avoided. Jujube Seed Extract is likely safe if eaten as food, but medicinal supplement doses haven't been well studied in pregnancy.

For breastfeeding, L-theanine and creatine lack sufficient data and should be avoided; beta-alanine has not been studied; Jujube Seed Extract also lacks reliable information for nursing mothers. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist before taking this product if you're pregnant, breastfeeding, or planning either.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Creatine Beta-alanine

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 2 of the 4 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Zizyphus, Theanine.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: diabetes medications.
  • For scale: 752 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Check before taking if you use blood pressure medications (antihypertensives)—L-theanine and Jujube Seed Extract may lower your pressure further. Ask about sedatives or sleep aids (CNS depressants), diabetes medications, or any drugs metabolized by CYP1A2 enzymes (a liver pathway affecting certain antidepressants and others).

If you're on any prescription medication, verify it with your pharmacist or doctor first.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glancePartially disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

GHOST Size is formulated with amino acids and plant compounds targeting athletic performance and muscle support. If you take blood pressure medications, sedatives, diabetes medications, or drugs processed through CYP1A2 enzymes, check with your doctor or pharmacist before starting—the ingredients here could affect how those drugs work.

Anyone with kidney issues should also clear it with their healthcare provider first. This isn't for pregnant or breastfeeding people without a conversation with their doctor.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 4 of 10 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Sep 25, 2023.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Size Warheads Sour Watermelon, straight from the product label.

Brand GHOST
Barcode (UPC) 857640006677
Net contents 17.5 Ounce(s); 495 Gram(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Sep 25, 2023
DSLD ID 292516
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Powder
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Vegan, Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Women (not pregnant or lactating), Gluten Free, Dairy Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Size Warheads Sour Watermelon by GHOST, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
16.5 Gram(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
16.5 Gram(s)
Servings per container
30
UPC/BARCODE
857640006677
IngredientAmount% DV
Added Sugars0 Gram(s)--
Calories5 Calorie(s)--
Total Carbohydrate1 Gram(s)1%
Total Sugars0 Gram(s)--
L-Theanine0 NP--
Beta-Alanine3200 mg--
Betaine2500 mg--
Creapure5000 mg--
AstraGin50 mg--
Epicatechin200 mg--
Senactiv50 mg--
Jujube Seed Extract0 NP--
GHOST Size0 NP--
BetaPrime400 mg--
Tingle-Reduced Beta-Alanine0 NP--
Celastrus Seed Extract0 NP--

Other ingredients: Citric Acid, Malic Acid, Natural and Artificial flavor, Tartaric Acid, Silicon Dioxide, Calcium Silicate, Sucralose, Vegetable Juice, Powder

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested Use: Mix one scoop (1 serving) of GHOST Size with 8-10 oz of water or beverage of choice, such as GHOST LEGEND or GHOST BCAA, preferably within 30 minutes before or after exercise on training days. For best results, GHOST SIZE should be taken consistently on both training/non-training days with plenty of water. Do not exceed 2 servings in a 24-hour period.

General Statements

Ghost Size was conceived to make gains faster than photoshop

Follow Us @Ghostlifestyle Twitter Facebook Instagram Youtube www.ghostlifestyle.com

Precautions

Warning: This product is only intended for healthy adults, 18 years of age or older.

Do not exceed recommendations for suggested use.

Before using this product, consult a licensed, qualified healthcare professional if: you are taking any medications or other dietary supplement, or prescription drug; or if you have or have been treated for, diagnosed with or have a family history of, any medical condition.

Immediately discontinue use and consult a licensed, qualified healthcare professional if you experience any adverse reaction to this product.

Not for use by women that are pregnant, nursing, or trying to become pregnant.

Consume as part of a healthy diet and exercise program, and drink plenty of water. California Prop 65 Warning: This product may expose you to chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm. For more information, go to www.P65Warnings.ca.gov.

Keep out of reach of children.

Do not use if safety seal is broken or missing. Contents sold by weight not volume, some settling may occur.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place.

Formulation

Manufactured in the U.S.A. in a GMP Compliant Facility

Muscle Builder

Vegan Friendly

Gluten Free Soy Free Sugar Free

Formula

Contains ingredients of international and domestic origin

Sour Watermelon Naturally and Artificially Flavored

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Brand IP Statement(s)

AstraGin and Senactiv, NuLiv Science USA, Inc. Creapure Brand Creatine is an exclusive product of AlzChem Trostberg GmbH, Germany BetaPrime is licensed by CarnoCo, LLC and protected by US Patents & Foreign patents Pending. WARHEADS is a registered trademark of Impact Confections Inc.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Size Warheads Sour Watermelon by GHOST label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Size Warheads Sour Watermelon label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Size Warheads Sour Watermelon by GHOST

These are the 8 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size16.5 Gram(s) Dosage formPowder Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Betaine

2500 mg per serving Form: Trimethylglycine

Creapure

No known
interactions
5000 mg per serving Form: Creatine Monohydrate

Creatine is one of the most studied sports supplements, with solid evidence that it can boost strength and performance during short, high-intensity ac...

Creapure monograph & interactions

AstraGin

50 mg per serving Form: Astragalus membranaceous root extract, Panax notoginseng root extract

Epicatechin

200 mg per serving

Senactiv

50 mg per serving Form: Panax notoginseng root extract, Rosa roxburghii Fruit Extract

GHOST Size

0 NP per serving

Tingle-Reduced Beta-Alanine

0 NP per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Citric Acid, Malic Acid, Natural and Artificial flavor, Tartaric Acid, Silicon Dioxide, Calcium Silicate, Sucralose, Vegetable Juice, Powder. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Size Warheads Sour Watermelon by GHOST Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Size Warheads Sour Watermelon?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
752Drugs
635 Moderate 117 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Size Warheads Sour Watermelon interact with 752 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

0 of the 8 ingredients in Size Warheads Sour Watermelon interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible.

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Size Warheads Sour Watermelon with known interactions, here are the types of medications it can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Size Warheads Sour Watermelon, from the product label.

GHOST

See all GHOST products
Name
GHOST LLC
Street Address
5651 S Edmond Street
City
Las Vegas
State
NV
ZipCode
89118
Phone Number
1-844-446-7888
Web Address
www.ghostlifestyle.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Size Warheads Sour Watermelon by GHOST: Common Questions

Does Size Warheads Sour Watermelon by GHOST interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Size Warheads Sour Watermelon has a known interaction with 752 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Size Warheads Sour Watermelon contains 8 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Will this make me feel jittery or keep me awake?
L-theanine in this product may actually promote calm and focus rather than jitteriness, but it can cause drowsiness in some people. If you're sensitive to stimulants or depressants, it's worth starting with a lower dose and seeing how you feel. Beta-alanine and creatine don't typically affect wakefulness.
What's that tingling feeling I might get?
That's beta-alanine causing a harmless pins-and-needles sensation (paresthesia) and skin flushing, usually starting on your scalp within 20 minutes and lasting about an hour. It's dose-dependent—higher doses cause more tingling, lower doses may cause none. It's not dangerous, just uncomfortable to some people.
Can I use this if I have kidney problems?
Creatine in this product requires caution if you have kidney issues. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist before starting, since creatine is processed by the kidneys and may not be appropriate for you.
Does this actually help with muscle growth and athletic performance?
Creatine and beta-alanine are both possibly effective for athletic performance and muscle strength based on research. L-theanine is possibly effective for cognitive function but doesn't directly build muscle. Results vary by person and depend on training, diet, and consistency.
Will this cause water retention?
Creatine can cause slight water retention as a known side effect. Some people experience this, others don't. It's typically not serious but worth knowing about if you're tracking weight or looking for a very lean appearance.
Is this safe to take every day long-term?
L-theanine has not been well studied for long-term safety, so the data on everyday use over years isn't solid. Beta-alanine and creatine have more research, but long-term high-dose safety isn't fully established either. Discuss ongoing use with your pharmacist or doctor.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Size Warheads Sour Watermelon is safe with your meds?

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Ask a pharmacist

Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Size Warheads Sour Watermelon label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Size Warheads Sour Watermelon’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Creatine

Creatine is one of the most studied sports supplements, with solid evidence that it can boost strength and performance during short, high-intensity activities like weightlifting and sprintin...

Read the full Creatine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Beta-alanine

Beta-alanine is an amino acid taken mostly by athletes to raise muscle carnosine, which may help buffer acid and reduce fatigue during short, high-intensity exercise. The evidence is moderat...

Read the full Beta-alanine monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Size Warheads Sour Watermelon's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 120 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Theanine 6 references
  1. Yokogoshi H, Kobayashi M. Hypotensive effect of gamma-glutamylethylamide in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Life Sci 1998;62:1065-8.
  2. Haskell, C. F., Kennedy, D. O., Milne, A. L., Wesnes, K. A., and Scholey, A. B. The effects of L-theanine, caffeine and their combination on cognition and mood. Biol.Psychol. 2008;77(2):113-122. PubMed
  3. Yokogoshi, H., Kato, Y., Sagesaka, Y. M., Takihara-Matsuura, T., Kakuda, T., and Takeuchi, N. Reduction effect of theanine on blood pressure and brain 5-hydroxyindoles in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Biosci.Biotechnol.Biochem. 1995;59(4):615-618. PubMed
  4. Lyon MR, Kapoor MP, Juneja LR. The effects of L-theanine (Suntheanine®) on objective sleep quality in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Altern Med Rev. 2011;16(4):348-
  5. Hidese S, Ota M, Wakabayashi C, et al. Effects of chronic l-theanine administration in patients with major depressive disorder: an open-label study. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2017;29(2):72-9.
  6. Tsuchiya T, Honda H, Oikawa M, et al. Oral administration of the amino acids cystine and theanine attenuates the adverse events of S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy in gastrointestinal cancer patients. Int J Clin Oncol 2016;21(6):1085-90. PubMed

See these in context on the Theanine monograph →

Beta-alanine 13 references
  1. Harris RC, Tallon MJ, Dunnett M, et al. The absorption of orally supplied beta-alanine and its effect on muscle carnosine synthesis in human vastus lateralis. Amino Acids 2006;30:279-89.
  2. Hill CA, Harris RC, Kim HJ, et al. Influence of beta-alanine supplementation on skeletal muscle carnosine concentrations and high intensity cycling capacity. Amino Acids 2007;32:225-33.
  3. Bellinger PM, Minahan CL. The effect of ß-alanine supplementation on cycling time trials of different length. Eur J Sport Sci 2016;16(7):829-36.
  4. Chung W, Shaw G, Anderson ME, et al. Effect of 10 week beta-alanine supplementation on competition and training performance in elite swimmers. Nutrients 2012;4(10):1441-53. PubMed
  5. Glenn JM, Gray M, Stewart R, et al. Incremental effects of 28 days of beta-alanine supplementation on high-intensity cycling performance and blood lactate in masters female cyclists. Amino Acids 2015;47(12):2593-600. PubMed
  6. Gross M, Bieri K, Hoppeler H, Norman B, Vogt M. Beta-alanine supplementation improves jumping power and affects severe-intensity performance in professional alpine skiers. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2014;24(6):665-73. PubMed
  7. Howe ST, Bellinger PM, Driller MW, Shing CM, Fell JW. The effect of beta-alanine supplementation on isokinetic force and cycling performance in highly trained cyclists. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2013;23(6):562-70. PubMed
  8. Sweeney KM, Wright GA, Glenn Brice A, Doberstein ST. The effect of beta-alanine supplementation on power performance during repeated sprint activity. J Strength Cond Res 2010;24(1):79-87.
  9. Décombaz J, Beaumont M, Vuichoud J, Bouisset F, Stellingwerff T. Effect of slow-release ß-alanine tablets on absorption kinetics and paresthesia. Amino Acids 2012;43(1):67-76. Erratum in: Amino Acids 2013;45(4):1015.
  10. Stellingwerff T, Anwander H, Egger A, et al. Effect of two ß-alanine dosing protocols on muscle carnosine synthesis and washout. Amino Acids 2012;42(6):2461-72. PubMed
  11. da Silva RP, de Oliveira LF, Saunders B, et al. Effects of ß-alanine and sodium bicarbonate supplementation on the estimated energy system contribution during high-intensity intermittent exercise. Amino Acids. 2019;51(1):83-96. PubMed
  12. Varanoske AN, Hoffman JR, Church DD, et al. Comparison of sustained-release and rapid-release ß-alanine formulations on changes in skeletal muscle carnosine and histidine content and isometric performance following a muscle-damaging protocol. Amino Acids. PubMed
  13. Perim P, Gobbi N, Duarte B, et al. Beta-alanine did not improve high-intensity performance throughout simulated road cycling. Eur J Sport Sci 2021. PubMed

See these in context on the Beta-alanine monograph →

Creatine 86 references
  1. Koshy KM, Griswold E, Schneeberger EE. Interstitial nephritis in a patient taking creatine. N Engl J Med 1999;340:814-5. PubMed
  2. Vahedi K, Domingo V, Amarenco P, Bousser MG. Ischemic stroke in a sportsman who consumed MaHuang extract and creatine monohydrate for bodybuilding. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 2000;68:112-3.
  3. Greenhaff P. Renal dysfunction accompanying oral creatine supplements. Lancet 1998;352:233-4. PubMed
  4. Vandenberghe K, Goris M, Van Hecke P, et al. Long-term creatine intake is beneficial to muscle performance during resistance training (abstract). J Appl Physiol 1997;83:2055-63. PubMed
  5. Hultman E, Soderlund K, Timmons JA, et al. Muscle creatine loading in men. J Appl Physiol 1996;81:232-7. PubMed
  6. Pritchard NR, Kalra PA. Renal dysfunction accompanying oral creatine supplements. Lancet 1998;351:1252-3. PubMed
  7. Poortmans JR, Auquier H, Renaut V, et al. Effect of short-term creatine supplementation on renal responses in men (abstract). Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1997;76:566-7. PubMed
  8. Poortmans JR, Francaux M. Long-term oral creatine supplementation does not impair renal function in healthy athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1999;31:1108-10. PubMed
  9. Mihic S, MacDonald JR, McKenzie S, Tarnopolsky MA. Acute creatine loading increases fat-free mass, but does not affect blood pressure, plasma creatinine, or CK activity in men and women. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000;32:291-6. PubMed
  10. Rawson ES, Wehnert ML, Clarkson PM. Effects of 30 days of creatine ingestion in older men. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1999;80:139-44. PubMed
  11. Earnest CP, Almada AL, Mitchell TL. High-performance capillary electrophoresis-pure creatine monohydrate reduces blood lipids in men and women. Clin Sci (Colch) 1996;91:113-8. PubMed
  12. Juhn MS. Oral creatine supplementation. Separating fact from hype. Phys Sportsmed 1999;27:47-50,53-54,56,61,89. PubMed
  13. Juhn MS, O'Kane JW, Vinci DM. Oral creatine supplementation in male collegiate athletes: a survey of dosing habits and side effects. J Am Diet Assoc 1999;99:593-5.
  14. Green AL, Hultman E, Macdonald IA, et al. Carbohydrate ingestion augments skeletal muscle creatine accumulation during creatine supplementation in humans. Am J Physiol 1996;271:E821-6. PubMed
  15. Balsom PD, Soderlund K, Sjodin B, Ekblom B. Skeletal muscle metabolism during short duration high-intensity exercise: influence of creatine supplementation. Acta Physiol Scand 1995;154:303-10. PubMed
  16. Snow RJ, McKenna MJ, Selig SE, et al. Effect of creatine supplementation on sprint exercise performance and muscle metabolism. (abstract) J Appl Physiol 1998;84:1667-73. PubMed
  17. McNaughton LR, Dalton B, Tarr J. The effects of creatine supplementation on high-intensity exercise performance in elite performers. (abstract) Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1998;78:236-40. PubMed
  18. Groeneveld GJ, Veldink JH, van der Tweel I, et al. A randomized sequential trial of creatine in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2003;53:437-45. . PubMed
  19. Robinson SJ. Acute quadriceps compartment syndrome and rhabdomyolysis in a weight lifter using high-dose creatine supplementation. J Am Board Fam Pract 2000;13:134-7. PubMed
  20. Kammer RT. Lone atrial fibrillation associated with creatine monohydrate supplementation. Pharmacotherapy 2005;25:762-4. PubMed
  21. Gualano B, Ugrinowitsch C, Novaes RB, et al. Effects of creatine supplementation on renal function: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Eur J Appl Physiol 2008;103:33-40. PubMed
  22. Pfeffer, G., Majamaa, K., Turnbull, D. M., Thorburn, D., and Chinnery, P. F. Treatment for mitochondrial disorders. Cochrane Database.Syst.Rev. 2012;4:CD004426. PubMed
  23. Boos, C. J., White, S. H., Bland, S. A., and McAllister, P. D. Dietary supplements and military operations: caution is advised. J R.Army Med Corps 2010;156(1):41-43. PubMed
  24. Kreider, R. B. Dietary supplements and the promotion of muscle growth with resistance exercise. Sports Med 1999;27(2):97-110. PubMed
  25. Juhn, M. S., O'Kane, J. W., and Vinci, D. M. Oral creatine supplementation in male collegiate athletes: a survey of dosing habits and side effects. J Am.Diet.Assoc 1999;99(5):593-595.
  26. Volek, J. S., Duncan, N. D., Mazzetti, S. A., Putukian, M., Gomez, A. L., and Kraemer, W. J. No effect of heavy resistance training and creatine supplementation on blood lipids. Int J Sport Nutr.Exerc.Metab 2000;10(2):144-156. PubMed
  27. Robinson, T. M., Sewell, D. A., Casey, A., Steenge, G., and Greenhaff, P. L. Dietary creatine supplementation does not affect some haematological indices, or indices of muscle damage and hepatic and renal function. Br.J Sports Med 2000;34(4):284-288. PubMed
  28. Tarnopolsky, M. A. Potential benefits of creatine monohydrate supplementation in the elderly. Curr.Opin.Clin Nutr.Metab Care 2000;3(6):497-502. PubMed
  29. Tarnopolsky, M. A. and MacLennan, D. P. Creatine monohydrate supplementation enhances high-intensity exercise performance in males and females. Int J Sport Nutr.Exerc.Metab 2000;10(4):452-463. PubMed
  30. Arciero, P. J., Hannibal, N. S., III, Nindl, B. C., Gentile, C. L., Hamed, J., and Vukovich, M. D. Comparison of creatine ingestion and resistance training on energy expenditure and limb blood flow. Metabolism 2001;50(12):1429-1434. PubMed
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