T6 To T8 Spl Ingredients & Drug Interactions
by Chiro-Zyme
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking T6 To T8 Spl against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
T6 To T8 Spl is a dietary supplement by Chiro-Zyme with 12 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for digestion and bloating, muscle soreness and exercise recovery, inflammation and swelling.Based on those ingredients, 1,045 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Echinacea purpurea, Astragalus, Mullein. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against T6 To T8 Spl by Chiro-Zyme
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with T6 To T8 Spl by Chiro-Zyme — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of T6 To T8 Spl by Chiro-Zyme
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Low disclosure
Chiro-Zyme T6 To T8 Spl contains 12 ingredients total, with a blend of digestive enzymes—Amylase, Protease, Lipase, Cellulase, Glucoamylase, Alpha-Galactosidase, Hemicellulase, and a proprietary plant enzyme blend—alongside four herbal ingredients: Mullein, Astragalus, Echinacea purpurea, Yellow Dock, and Pau d'Arco. The digestive enzymes are designed to break down different types of food components during digestion.
It also contains inactive ingredients including a vegetable capsule and phytase.
Does it work?
Couldn't assess
The evidence for most ingredients in this product is not established in the data we hold. The digestive enzymes (Protease, Lipase) have been rated with insufficient reliable evidence for conditions like inflammatory bowel disease and indigestion.
Mullein, Astragalus, Echinacea, Yellow Dock, and Pau d'Arco all carry insufficient evidence ratings for the conditions they're traditionally used for—ranging from cough and asthma to cancer and wound healing. This means the clinical data to support their effectiveness for specific uses isn't solid enough to rate them.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Protease and Lipase are generally well tolerated, though Protease may cause digestive upset or allergic reactions in some people. Lipase can trigger gastrointestinal symptoms, and there are rare reports of serious complications in premature infants receiving specific recombinant forms.
Both carry limited pregnancy and breastfeeding safety data. Mullein, Astragalus, Echinacea, Yellow Dock, and Pau d'Arco all advise against use in pregnancy and breastfeeding because safety data is insufficient or they carry risk.
Echinacea can trigger allergic reactions, especially in people sensitive to ragweed. Yellow Dock acts as a laxative and contains compounds that may cause kidney stones or calcium loss if raw leaves are consumed.
Pau d'Arco at doses above 1.5 grams daily may cause anemia, bleeding risk, and severe nausea.
Meds to double-check
Major interaction found
Before taking Chiro-Zyme, double-check if you use diuretic drugs (water pills) or digoxin—Yellow Dock carries Major-severity interactions with both. Check if you take immunosuppressants, lithium, cyclophosphamide, or diabetes medications (Astragalus), drugs metabolized by your liver's CYP1A2 or CYP3A4 systems, caffeine supplements, or cancer drugs like etoposide (Echinacea).
Also flag any blood thinners like warfarin or antiplatelet drugs (Echinacea, Mullein, Pau d'Arco). We could not check Amylase, Cellulase, Glucoamylase, Alpha-Galactosidase, or Hemicellulase because we hold no interaction data for them.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with no assessable stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
This product combines digestive enzymes with herbal ingredients that carry multiple documented drug interactions, especially with diuretics, heart medications, blood thinners, chemotherapy drugs, immunosuppressants, and diabetes medications. If you take any prescription medications—particularly for heart, blood, immune, or blood-sugar conditions—check with your pharmacist before starting.
It's not for use in pregnancy or breastfeeding.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 7 of 12 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Apr 25, 2018.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about T6 To T8 Spl, straight from the product label.
| Brand | Chiro-Zyme |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | 697706005615 |
| Net contents | 180 Capsule(s) |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Apr 25, 2018 |
| DSLD ID | 176539 |
| Product type | Other Combinations |
| Supplement form | Capsule |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Adult (18 - 50 Years) |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for T6 To T8 Spl by Chiro-Zyme, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Amylase | 0 NP | -- |
| Protease | 0 NP | -- |
| Lipase | 0 NP | -- |
| Cellulase | 0 NP | -- |
| Glucoamylase | 0 NP | -- |
| Alpha-Galactosidase | 0 NP | -- |
| Hemicellulase | 0 NP | -- |
| Proprietary Plant Enzyme Blend | 44 mg | -- |
| Mullein | 10 mg | -- |
| Astragalus | 100 mg | -- |
| Echinacea purpurea | 130 mg | -- |
| Yellow Dock | 180 mg | -- |
| Pau d'Arco | 180 mg | -- |
Other ingredients: Vegetable Capsule, Phytase
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Brand IP Statement(s)
pHBS pH balancing system
EFI Enzyme Formulations, Inc.
FDA Disclaimer Statement
This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
Precautions
Keep out of reach of children
Note: Consult your physician before using this product if you are pregnant, nursing, taking medication, or have a medical condition.
Do not use if inner or outer seal is broken, torn, or missing.
Storage
To ensure freshness and potency, keep bottle tightly closed and store in a cool, dry place.
General
J-64740-5
FDA Statement of Identity
A Dietary Supplement
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Directions for use: Take 2 capsules, 3 times daily after meals or as directed.
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
T6 To T8 Spl by Chiro-Zyme label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in T6 To T8 Spl by Chiro-Zyme
These are the 12 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.
Serving size2 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container90 Amounts shown are per serving.
Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.
Proprietary Plant Enzyme Blend
Mullein
Interacts with122 drugs
Mullein is a traditional herbal remedy most often used as a tea or syrup to soothe coughs, sore throats, and respiratory irritation. High-quality huma...
Mullein monograph & interactionsAstragalus
Interacts with208 drugs
Astragalus is a root used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine, mainly to support the immune system and help the body cope with stress. While...
Astragalus monograph & interactionsEchinacea purpurea
Interacts with816 drugs
Echinacea is a popular herb taken to help prevent or shorten the common cold, but study results are mixed and the overall benefit appears small at bes...
Echinacea purpurea monograph & interactionsYellow Dock
Interacts with78 drugs
Yellow dock is a traditional herb used mostly as a mild laxative and a digestive and skin tonic. Good-quality human studies are lacking, so its benefi...
Yellow Dock monograph & interactionsPau d'Arco
Interacts with122 drugs
Pau d'arco is a South American tree bark traditionally used for infections and inflammation, and it contains compounds like lapachol that show activit...
Pau d'Arco monograph & interactionsOther (inactive) ingredients: Vegetable Capsule, Phytase. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
T6 To T8 Spl by Chiro-Zyme Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
Chiro-Zyme T6 To T8 Spl contains several ingredients with documented interactions with medications.
The most serious concern is Yellow Dock, which carries Major-severity interactions with diuretic drugs and digoxin (a heart medication). Yellow Dock may increase potassium loss when combined with diuretics, and when used long-term or in large amounts, it can trigger dangerously low potassium levels that worsen digoxin toxicity.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
Astragalus interacts with immunosuppressants, lithium, cyclophosphamide (a chemotherapy drug), and blood-sugar-lowering medications—all rated Moderate severity. Echinacea purpurea has Moderate-severity interactions with several drug-metabolizing enzyme systems (CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 substrates), immunosuppressants, the cancer drug etoposide, and caffeine; it also carries Minor interactions with warfarin (a blood thinner) and HIV medications.
Mullein and Pau d'Arco each have interactions with blood thinners and antiplatelet drugs, though Mullein's is Minor and Pau d'Arco's is Moderate. Altogether, these interactions span 1,031 individual medications.
Several ingredients—Amylase, Cellulase, Glucoamylase, Alpha-Galactosidase, and Hemicellulase—could not be checked because we hold no interaction data for them. Protease and Lipase have no documented interactions in our data.
Before you start this product, run your complete medication list through the interaction checker below.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against T6 To T8 Spl?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in T6 To T8 Spl interact with 1,045 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
5 of the 12 ingredients in T6 To T8 Spl interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Echinacea purpurea Astragalus Mullein Pau d'Arco Yellow Dock
Acetaminophen, Caffeine, PyrilamineMidol Max Strength Menstrual
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interacts with T6 To T8 Spl — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Yellow Dock + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionEchinacea PurpureaCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Caffeine +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea may induce hepatic CYP3A4 and inhibit intestinal CYP3A4.
Read the full Echinacea Purpurea + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionAcetaminophen, Pamabrom, PyrilamineMidol Max Strength PMS, Pamprin, Pamprin ES
How Acetaminophen, Pamabrom, Pyrilamine interacts with T6 To T8 Spl — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Yellow Dock + Acetaminophen, Pamabrom, Pyrilamine interactionEchinacea PurpureaCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea might inhibit the metabolism of CYP1A2 and increase plasma levels of some drugs.
Read the full Echinacea Purpurea + Acetaminophen, Pamabrom, Pyrilamine interactionAcetazolamideAk-Zol, Diamox
How Acetazolamide interacts with T6 To T8 Spl — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Yellow Dock + Acetazolamide interactionAmiloride, HydrochlorothiazideAmil-Co, Amilzide, Moduret 25, Moduretic
How Amiloride, Hydrochlorothiazide interacts with T6 To T8 Spl — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Yellow Dock + Amiloride, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionAmmonium ChlorideAmmonium Chloride
How Ammonium Chloride interacts with T6 To T8 Spl — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Yellow Dock + Ammonium Chloride interactionAtenolol, ChlortalidoneAtenixCo, Tenoret 50, Totaretic
How Atenolol, Chlortalidone interacts with T6 To T8 Spl — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Yellow Dock + Atenolol, Chlortalidone interactionAtenolol, ChlorthalidoneTenoretic
How Atenolol, Chlorthalidone interacts with T6 To T8 Spl — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Yellow Dock + Atenolol, Chlorthalidone interactionAzilsartan, ChlorthalidoneEdarbyclor
How Azilsartan, Chlorthalidone interacts with T6 To T8 Spl — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Yellow Dock + Azilsartan, Chlorthalidone interactionBenazepril, HydrochlorothiazideLotensin HCT
How Benazepril, Hydrochlorothiazide interacts with T6 To T8 Spl — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Yellow Dock + Benazepril, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionBendroflumethiazideAprinox, Naturetin, Neo-NaClex
How Bendroflumethiazide interacts with T6 To T8 Spl — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Yellow Dock + Bendroflumethiazide interactionBendroflumethiazide, NadololCorzide
How Bendroflumethiazide, Nadolol interacts with T6 To T8 Spl — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Yellow Dock + Bendroflumethiazide, Nadolol interactionBendroflumethiazide, PotassiumCentyl K, Neo-NaClex-K
How Bendroflumethiazide, Potassium interacts with T6 To T8 Spl — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Yellow Dock + Bendroflumethiazide, Potassium interactionBendroflumethiazide, Rauwolfia SerpentinaRauzide
How Bendroflumethiazide, Rauwolfia Serpentina interacts with T6 To T8 Spl — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Yellow Dock + Bendroflumethiazide, Rauwolfia Serpentina interactionBenzthiazideExna
How Benzthiazide interacts with T6 To T8 Spl — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Yellow Dock + Benzthiazide interactionBisoprolol, HydrochlorothiazideZiac
How Bisoprolol, Hydrochlorothiazide interacts with T6 To T8 Spl — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Yellow Dock + Bisoprolol, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionBumetanideBurinex
How Bumetanide interacts with T6 To T8 Spl — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Yellow Dock + Bumetanide interactionBumetanide, PotassiumBurinex K
How Bumetanide, Potassium interacts with T6 To T8 Spl — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Yellow Dock + Bumetanide, Potassium interactionCaffeine, Potassium Salicylate, SalicylamideTrim-Elim
How Caffeine, Potassium Salicylate, Salicylamide interacts with T6 To T8 Spl — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Yellow Dock + Caffeine, Potassium Salicylate, Salicylamide interactionEchinacea PurpureaCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea might inhibit the metabolism of CYP1A2 and increase plasma levels of some drugs.
Read the full Echinacea Purpurea + Caffeine, Potassium Salicylate, Salicylamide interactionCandesartan Cilexetil, HydrochlorothiazideAtacand HCT
How Candesartan Cilexetil, Hydrochlorothiazide interacts with T6 To T8 Spl — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Yellow Dock + Candesartan Cilexetil, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionCaptopril, HydrochlorothiazideAcezide, Capozide
How Captopril, Hydrochlorothiazide interacts with T6 To T8 Spl — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Yellow Dock + Captopril, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionChlorothiazideDiuril
How Chlorothiazide interacts with T6 To T8 Spl — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Yellow Dock + Chlorothiazide interactionChlorothiazide, MethyldopaAldochlor, Aldoclor 150, Aldoclor 250
How Chlorothiazide, Methyldopa interacts with T6 To T8 Spl — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Yellow Dock + Chlorothiazide, Methyldopa interactionChlorothiazide, ReserpineDiupres
How Chlorothiazide, Reserpine interacts with T6 To T8 Spl — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Yellow Dock + Chlorothiazide, Reserpine interactionChlorthalidoneHygroton, Thalitone
How Chlorthalidone interacts with T6 To T8 Spl — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Yellow Dock + Chlorthalidone interactionChlorthalidone, ClonidineClorpres, Combipres
How Chlorthalidone, Clonidine interacts with T6 To T8 Spl — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Yellow Dock + Chlorthalidone, Clonidine interactionCryptenamine, MethyclothiazideDiutensen
How Cryptenamine, Methyclothiazide interacts with T6 To T8 Spl — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Yellow Dock + Cryptenamine, Methyclothiazide interactionCyclothiazideAnhydron, Fluidil
How Cyclothiazide interacts with T6 To T8 Spl — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Yellow Dock + Cyclothiazide interactionDeserpidine, HydrochlorothiazideOreticyl, Oreticyl Forte
How Deserpidine, Hydrochlorothiazide interacts with T6 To T8 Spl — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Yellow Dock + Deserpidine, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionDeserpidine, MethyclothiazideEnduronyl, Enduronyl Forte
How Deserpidine, Methyclothiazide interacts with T6 To T8 Spl — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Yellow Dock + Deserpidine, Methyclothiazide interactionDigoxinDigitek, Lanoxicaps, Lanoxin
How Digoxin interacts with T6 To T8 Spl — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Yellow DockDigoxin (lanoxin) Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of digoxin toxicity when used long-term or in large amount.
Read the full Yellow Dock + Digoxin interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in T6 To T8 Spl with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Echinacea purpurea
Caffeine
Echinacea can increase plasma levels of caffeine by inhibiting its metabolism.
Echinacea seems to increase plasma concentrations of caffeine by around 30%. This is likely due to inhibition of cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) by echinacea.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Echinacea might inhibit the metabolism of CYP1A2 and increase plasma levels of some drugs.
Echinacea appears to inhibit CYP1A2 enzymes in humans. Additionally, echinacea seems to increase plasma concentrations of caffeine, a CYP1A2 substrate, by around 30%. Theoretically, echinacea might increase levels of other drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Echinacea may induce hepatic CYP3A4 and inhibit intestinal CYP3A4. This may increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Several clinical trials have shown that taking echinacea for up to one month does not significantly affect the metabolism of various CYP3A4 substrates, including midazolam, docetaxel, etravirine, lopinavir-ritonavir, and darunavir-ritonavir. However, other clinical research shows that echinacea may increase the clearance of midazolam, suggesting that echinacea might induce CYP3A4. The discrepancy is thought to be due to differing effects of echinacea on intestinal versus hepatic CYP3A4 enzymes. Echinacea appears to induce hepatic CYP3A4 but inhibit intestinal CYP3A4. In some cases, these effects might cancel each other out, but in others, drug levels may be increased or decreased depending on the level of effect at hepatic and intestinal sites. The effect of echinacea on CYP3A4 activity may differ depending on the CYP3A4 substrate.
Etoposide (Vepesid)
Echinacea may increase levels of etoposide.
In one report, concomitant use of etoposide and echinacea was associated with more severe thrombocytopenia than the use of etoposide alone, suggesting inhibition of etoposide metabolism. Etoposide is a cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) substrate. Echinacea has variable effects on CYP3A4, but some studies have reported inhibition of the enzyme.
Immunosuppressants
Echinacea has immunostimulant activity which may interfere with immunosuppressant therapy.
Theoretically, echinacea may interfere with immunosuppressant therapy because of its immunostimulant activity.
Darunavir (Prezista)
Theoretically, echinacea may interfere with the metabolism of darunavir; however, a small clinical study found no effect.
Darunavir is metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and is administered with the CYP3A4 inhibitor ritonavir to increase its plasma concentrations. Echinacea has variable effects on CYP3A4, but administration of an E. purpurea root extract (Arkocapsulas Echinacea, Arkopharma) 500 mg four times daily for 14 days did not affect darunavir/ritonavir pharmacokinetics in 15 HIV-infected patients.
Dayquil Severe
Echinacea is reported to have varying effects on a number of Cytochrome P450 metabolizing enzymes in the liver, including CYP1A2 and CYP3A4, which play a role in acetaminophen and dextromethorphan metabolism (both contained in DayQuil Severe), respectively. Studies have reported both enzyme inhibition and induction, making it difficult to predict clinically significant drug interactions with reliability. Specific drug interaction studies reporting definitive results are rare, and potential drug interactions involving echinacea should likely be taken on a case-by-case basis. Based on what we know about how acetaminophen and dextromethorphan are metabolized, the risk of a clinically significant interaction between echinacea and DayQuil Severe is low.
Docetaxel (Taxotere)
Theoretically, echinacea may interfere with the metabolism of docetaxel; however, a small clinical study found no effect.
Docetaxel is metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). Echinacea has variable effects on CYP3A4, but taking E. purpurea whole plant extract (Echinaforce, A. Vogel Biopharma AG) 20 drops three times daily for 2 weeks did not alter the pharmacokinetics of docetaxel in one clinical study.
Etravirine (Intelence)
Theoretically, echinacea may interfere with the metabolism of etravirine; however, a small clinical study found no effect.
Etravirine is metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). Echinacea has variable effects on CYP3A4, but taking E. purpurea root extract (Arkocapsulas Echinacea, Arkopharma) 500 mg three times daily for 14 days did not alter the pharmacokinetics of etravirine in HIV-infected patients.
Lopinavir/Ritonavir (Kaletra)
Theoretically, echinacea may interfere with the metabolism of lopinavir; however, a small clinical study found no effect.
Lopinavir is metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and is administered with the CYP3A4 inhibitor ritonavir to increase its plasma concentrations. Echinacea has variable effects on CYP3A4, but taking E. purpurea (Echinamide, Natural Factors Nutritional Products, Inc.) 500 mg three times daily for 14 days did not alter the pharmacokinetics of lopinavir/ritonavir in healthy volunteers.
Midazolam (Versed)
Theoretically, echinacea may increase the metabolism of intravenous midazolam.
Echinacea induces hepatic CYP3A4 and might decrease plasma levels of midazolam by about 20%, reducing the effectiveness of intravenous midazolam. Echinacea also appears to inhibit intestinal CYP3A4, which could theoretically increase the bioavailability of oral midazolam. This may cancel out the decrease in availability caused by induction of hepatic CYP3A4, such that overall plasma levels after oral administration of midazolam are not affected by echinacea.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Echinacea seems to increase the clearance of warfarin, although the effect may not be clinically significant.
Preliminary clinical research in healthy male volunteers suggests that taking echinacea increases the clearance of the active S-isomer of warfarin after a single dose of warfarin, but there was not a clinically significant effect on the INR.
Astragalus
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, taking astragalus with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Clinical research in humans shows that astragalus might have hypoglycemic effects. Theoretically, taking astragalus, especially in combination with other hypoglycemic agents, might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Cyclophosphamide
Theoretically, astragalus might interfere with cyclophosphamide therapy.
Evidence regarding the effect of astragalus on immunosuppression caused by cyclophosphamide is conflicting. Some animal research suggests that astragalus reverses cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression. However, other animal research shows no effect.
Immunosuppressants
Theoretically, astragalus might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Astragalus seems to stimulate immune function. Theoretically, taking astragalus might decrease the effects of immunosuppressive therapy.
Lithium
Theoretically, astragalus might increase levels and adverse effects of lithium.
Animal research suggests that astragalus has diuretic properties. Theoretically, due to this diuretic effect, astragalus might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium.
Mullein
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Lab tests on extracts from different parts of common and dense-flowered mullein plants show that they do have some blood-thinning effects, as they increase the time it takes for blood to clot. This is likely due to at least one of the known constituents of muellein, triterpenoid saponins. However, the effects appear to be mild and results have been inconsistent. Extracts from different plant parts have been show to have varying anticoagulant strengths, with water-based ones being more potent than alcohol-based extracts.
Pau d'Arco
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, pau d'arco might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro research shows that pau d'arco reduces platelet aggregation and may interfere with vitamin K. One clinical study shows that taking the lapachol constituent of pau d'arco in doses above 1.5 grams daily increases the risk of bleeding. The effects of whole pau d'arco or pau d'arco extract in humans are unclear.
Yellow Dock
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of digoxin toxicity when used long-term or in large amount.
When yellow dock is used chronically or in large amounts, hypokalemia may occur. This might increase the toxic effects of digoxin.
Diuretic Drugs
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
When yellow dock is used chronically or in large amounts, hypokalemia may occur, and overuse of yellow dock might compound diuretic-induced potassium loss.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, the laxative effects of yellow dock might increase the effects of warfarin, including the risk of bleeding.
The anthraquinones in yellow dock have a mild stimulant laxative effect. Consuming excessive amounts can cause diarrhea. Diarrhea can increase the effects of warfarin, increase international normalized ratio (INR), and increase the risk of bleeding.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for T6 To T8 Spl, from the product label.
Chiro-Zyme
See all Chiro-Zyme products- Name
- Enzyme Formulations, Inc.
- City
- Madison
- State
- Wisconsin
- ZipCode
- 53719
- Phone Number
- 1-800-614-4400
- Web Address
- www.enzymeformulations.com
T6 To T8 Spl by Chiro-Zyme: Common Questions
Does T6 To T8 Spl by Chiro-Zyme interact with any medications?
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Where does this information come from?
Can I take this while I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
Does this product actually help with digestion?
What is Yellow Dock and why is it in here?
Why does Echinacea interact with so many drugs?
Are the enzymes in this product safe?
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Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind T6 To T8 Spl’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases)
Proteolytic enzymes are proteins that help break down other proteins, and common examples include bromelain (from pineapple), papain (from papaya), trypsin, chymotrypsin, and pancreatin. Peo...
Read the full Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) monograph → Herb & supplement monographLipase
Lipase is a digestive enzyme that helps your body break down dietary fats. It is well established as part of prescription pancreatic enzyme therapy for people who cannot make enough of their...
Read the full Lipase monograph → Herb & supplement monographMullein
Interacts with 122 drugsMullein is a traditional herbal remedy most often used as a tea or syrup to soothe coughs, sore throats, and respiratory irritation. High-quality human studies are lacking, so its benefits a...
Read the full Mullein monograph → Herb & supplement monographAstragalus
Interacts with 208 drugsAstragalus is a root used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine, mainly to support the immune system and help the body cope with stress. While early studies are interesting, strong h...
Read the full Astragalus monograph → Herb & supplement monographEchinacea
Interacts with 816 drugsEchinacea is a popular herb taken to help prevent or shorten the common cold, but study results are mixed and the overall benefit appears small at best. It is generally well tolerated for sh...
Read the full Echinacea monograph → Herb & supplement monographYellow Dock
Interacts with 78 drugsYellow dock is a traditional herb used mostly as a mild laxative and a digestive and skin tonic. Good-quality human studies are lacking, so its benefits are largely unproven, and its natural...
Read the full Yellow Dock monograph → Herb & supplement monographPau D'arco
Interacts with 122 drugsPau d'arco is a South American tree bark traditionally used for infections and inflammation, and it contains compounds like lapachol that show activity in lab studies. However, strong human...
Read the full Pau D'arco monograph →Sources & How We Checked
T6 To T8 Spl's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 84 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) 3 references
- Weeks JA, Harper RA, Simon RA, Burdick JD. Assessment of sensitization risk of a laundry pre-spotter containing protease. Cutan Ocul Toxicol. 2011;30(4):272-9. PubMed
- Marquès LI, Lara S, Abós T, Bartolomé B. Occupational rhinitis due to pepsin. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2006;16(2):136-7. DOI
- Cartier A, Malo JL, Pineau L, Dolovich J. Occupational asthma due to pepsin. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1984;73(5 Pt 1):574-7. PubMed
See these in context on the Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) monograph →
Lipase 1 reference
- Casper C, Hascoet JM, Ertl T, et al. Recombinant bile salt-stimulated lipase in preterm infant feeding: A randomized phase 3 study. PLoS One. 2016;11(5):e0156071. PubMed
Mullein 2 references
- Castro AI, Carmona JB, Gonzales FG, Nestar OB. Occupational airborne dermatitis from gordolobo (Verbascum densiflorum). Contact Dermatitis 2006;55(5):301.
- Flores Echaiz C, Al Ali A, Cao AQ, Sasseville D. Simultaneous contact dermatitis caused by Asteraceae and Verbascum thapsus. Contact Dermatitis 2017;76(5):316-8.
Astragalus 13 references
- Upton R, ed. Astragalus Root: Analytical, quality control, and therapeutic monograph. Santa Cruz, CA: American Herbal Pharmacopoeia. 1999:1-25.
- Khoo KS, Ang PT. Extract of astragalus membranaceus and ligustrum lucidum does not prevent cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression. Singapore Med J 1995;36:387-90.
- Chu DT, Wong WL, Mavligit GM. Immunotherapy with Chinese medicinal herbs. II. Reversal of cyclophosphamide-induced immune suppression by administration of fractionated Astragalus membranaceus in vivo. J Clin Lab Immunol 1988;25:125-9.
- Sun Y, Hersh EM, Lee SL, et al. Preliminary observations on the effects of the Chinese medicinal herbs Astragalus membranaceus and Ligustrum lucidum on lymphocyte blastogenic responses. J Biol Response Mod 1983;2:227-37..
- Ma J, Peng A, Lin S. Mechanisms of the therapeutic effect of astragalus membranaceus on sodium and water retention in experimental heart failure. Chin Med J (Engl) 1998;111:17-23.
- Matkovic Z, Zivkovic V, Korica M, et al. Efficacy and safety of Astragalus membranaceus in the treatment of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Phytother Res 2010;24:175-81.
- Zhang, J. G., Yang, N., He, H., Wei, G. H., Gao, D. S., Wang, X. L., Wang, X. Z., and Song, G. Y. [Effect of Astragalus injection on plasma levels of apoptosis-related factors in aged patients with chronic heart failure.]. Chin J Integr.Med 2005;11(3):18 PubMed
- Chen, H. W., Lin, I. H., Chen, Y. J., Chang, K. H., Wu, M. H., Su, W. H., Huang, G. C., and Lai, Y. L. A novel infusible botanically-derived drug, PG2, for cancer-related fatigue: a phase II double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled study. Clin Invest PubMed
- Tian H, Lu J, He H, et al.The effect of Astragalus as an adjuvant treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A (preliminary) meta-analysis. J Ethnopharmacol. 2016;191:206-215. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.05.062. PubMed
- Hong KF, Liu PY, Zhang W, Gui DK, Xu YH. The Efficacy and Safety of Astragalus as an Adjuvant Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Integr Complement Med 2023. PubMed
- Chan KW, Kwong ASK, Tsui PN, et al. Add-on astragalus in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: A multi-center, assessor-blind, randomized controlled trial. Phytomedicine 2024;130:155457. PubMed
- Han X, Yu T, Chen X, Du Z, Yu M, Xiong J. Effect of Astragalus membranaceus on left ventricular remodeling in HFrEF: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol 2024;15:1345797. PubMed
- Jing P, Hongzheng H, Zhenqi WU, Meijuan Z, Zuojing LI, Gang C. Long-term efficacy and safety of Huangqi ()-based Traditional Chinese Medicine in diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Tradit Chin Med 2024;44(2):
Echinacea 51 references
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- Mullins RJ. Allergic reactions to Echinacea. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;104:S340-341 (Abstract 1003).
- Chavez ML, Chavez PI. Echinacea. Hosp Pharm 1998;33:180-8.
- Grimm W, Muller HH. A randomized controlled trial of the effect of fluid extract of Echinacea purpurea on the incidence and severity of colds and respiratory infections. Am J Med 1999;106:138-43. PubMed
- Taylor JA, Weber W, Standish L, et al. Efficacy and safety of echinacea in treating upper respiratory tract infections in children: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2003;290:2824-30.. PubMed
- Luettig B, Steinmuller C, Gifford GE, et al. Macrophage activation by the polysaccharide arabinogalactan isolated from plant cell cultures of Echinacea purpurea. J Natl Cancer Inst 1989;81:669-75. PubMed
- Stimpel M, Proksch A, Wagner H, et al. Macrophage activation and induction of macrophage cytotoxicity by purified polysaccharide fractions from the plant Echinacea purpurea. Infect Immun 1984;46:845-9. PubMed
- Budzinski JW, Foster BC, Vandenhoek S, Arnason JT. An in vitro evaluation of human cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibition by selected commercial herbal extracts and tinctures. Phytomedicine 2000;7:273-82. PubMed
- Gallo M, Sarkar M, Au W, et al. Pregnancy outcome following gestational exposure to echinacea: A prospective controlled study. Arch Intern Med 2000;160:3141-3. PubMed
- Soon SL, Crawford RI. Recurrent erythema nodosum associated with echinacea herbal therapy. J Am Acad Dermatol 2001;44:298-9. PubMed
- Mullins RJ, Heddle R. Adverse reactions associated with echinacea: the Australian experience. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2002;88:42-51. PubMed
- Logan JL, Ahmed J. Critical hypokalemic renal tubular acidosis due to Sjogren's syndrome: association with the purported immune stimulant echinacea. Clin Rheumatol 2003;22:158-9.
- Schulten B, Bulitta M, Ballering-Bruhl B, et al. Efficacy of Echinacea purpurea in patients with a common cold. A placebo-controlled, randomised, double-blind clinical trial. Arzneimittelforschung 2001;51:563-8.. PubMed
- Yale SH, Glurich I. Analysis of the inhibitory potential of Ginkgo biloba, Echinacea purpurea, and Serenoa repens on the metabolic activity of cytochrome P450 3A4, 2D6, and 2C9. J Altern Complement Med 2005;11:433-9.
- Yale SH, Liu K. Echinacea purpurea therapy for the treatment of the common cold: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Arch Intern Med 2004;164:1237-41. PubMed
- Gorski JC, Huang S, Zaheer NA, et al. The effect of echinacea (Echinacea purpurea root) on cytochrome P450 activity in vivo.Clin Pharmacol Ther 2003;73 (Abstract PDII-A-8):P94. PubMed
- Lee AN, Werth VP. Activation of autoimmunity following use of immunostimulatory herbal supplements. Arch Dermatol 2004;140:723-7. PubMed
- Goel V, Lovlin R, Barton R, et al. Efficacy of a standardized echinacea preparation (Echinilin) for the treatment of the common cold: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Pharm Ther 2004;29:75-83.
- Barrett B. Medicinal properties of Echinacea: a critical review. Phytomedicine 2003;10:66-86. PubMed
- Huntley AL, Thompson Coon J, Ernst E. The safety of herbal medicinal products derived from Echinacea species: a systematic review. Drug Saf 2005;28:387-400. PubMed
- Turner RB, Bauer R, Woelkart K, et al. An evaluation of Echinacea angustifolia in experimental rhinovirus infections. N Engl J Med 2005;353:341-8.
- Gurley BJ, Gardner SF, Hubbard MA, et al. In vivo assessment of botanical supplementation on human cytochrome P450 phenotypes: Citrus aurantium, Echinacea purpurea, milk thistle, and saw palmetto. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2004;76:428-40. .
- Perri D, Dugoua JJ, Mills E, Koren G. Safety and efficacy of echinacea (Echinacea augustafolia, e. purpurea and e. pallida) during pregnancy and lactation. Can J Clin Pharmacol 2006;13:e262-7.
- Kocaman O, Hulagu S, Senturk O. Echinacea-induced severe acute hepatitis with features of cholestatic autoimmune hepatitis. Eur J Intern Med 2008;19:148. PubMed
- Barrett B, Brown R, Rakel D. et al. Echinacea for treating the common cold: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2010;153:769-77. PubMed
- Press Release: Echinacea herbal products should not be used in children under 12 years old. Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (UK). August 20, 2012. Available at: www.mhra.gov.uk/NewsCentre/Pressreleases/CON180627. (Accessed 21 October
- Barrett B, Brown R, Rakel D, Rabago D, et al. Placebo effects and the common cold: a randomized controlled trial. Ann.Fam.Med 2011;9:312-22. PubMed
- Haller J, Freund, TF, Pelczer, KG, et al. The anxiolytic potential and psychotropic side effects of an echinacea preparation in laboratory animals and healthy volunteers. Phytother.Res. 2013;27:54-61.
- Grbic J, Wexler I, Celenti R, et al. A phase II trial of a transmucosal herbal patch for the treatment of gingivitis. J Am Dent.Assoc. 2011;142:1168-75. PubMed
- Schapowal A, Berger D, Klein P, et al. Echinacea/sage or chlorhexidine/lidocaine for treating acute sore throats: a randomized double-blind trial. Eur.J Med Res 9-1-2009;14:406-12. PubMed
- Bossaer JB and Odle BL. Probable etoposide interaction with Echinacea. J.Diet.Suppl 2012;9:90-5.
- Abdul MI, Jiang X, Williams KM, et al. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions of echinacea and policosanol with warfarin in healthy subjects. Br J Clin.Pharmacol. 2010;69:508-15. PubMed
- Kemp, D. E. and Franco, K. N. Possible leukopenia associated with long-term use of echinacea. J Am Board Fam.Pract. 2002;15(5):417-419.
- Liatsos, G., Elefsiniotis, I., Todorova, R., and Moulakakis, A. Severe thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) induced or exacerbated by the immunostimulatory herb Echinacea. Am J Hematol. 2006;81(3):224.
- Penzak, S. R., Robertson, S. M., Hunt, J. D., Chairez, C., Malati, C. Y., Alfaro, R. M., Stevenson, J. M., and Kovacs, J. A. Echinacea purpurea significantly induces cytochrome P450 3A activity but does not alter lopinavir-ritonavir exposure in healthy s
- Maskatia, Z. K. and Baker, K. Hypereosinophilia associated with echinacea use. South.Med J 2010;103(11):1173-1174. PubMed
- Parnham MJ. Benefit-risk assessment of the squeezed sap of the purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea) for long-term oral immunostimulation. Phytomed 1996;3:95-102. PubMed
- Schroder-Aasen T, Molden G, Nilsen OG. In vitro inhibition of CYP3A4 by the multiherbal commercial product Sambucus Force and its main constituents Echinacea purpurea and Sambucus nigra. Phytother Res 2012;26(11):1606-13.
- Moltó J, Valle M, Miranda C, et al. Herb-drug interaction between Echinacea purpurea and darunavir-ritonavir in HIV-infected patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011;55(1):326-30.
- Goey AK, Meijerman I, Rosing H, et al. The effect of Echinacea purpurea on the pharmacokinetics of docetaxel. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2013;76(3):467-74.
- Moltó J, Valle M, Miranda C, et al. Herb-drug interaction between Echinacea purpurea and etravirine in HIV-infected patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012;56(10):5328-31. PubMed
- Lawrenson JA, Walls T, Day AS. Echinacea-induced acute liver failure in a child. J Paediatr Child Health 2014;50(10):841.
- Hansen TS, Nilsen OG. In vitro CYP3A4 metabolism: inhibition by Echinacea purpurea and choice of substrate for the evaluation of herbal inhibition. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2008;103:445-9.
- Gabranis I, Koufakis T1, Papakrivos I, Batala S. Echinacea-associated acute cholestatic hepatitis. J Postgrad Med. 2015;61(3):211-2. PubMed
- Jalloh MA, Gregory PJ, Hein D, et al. Dietary supplement interactions with antiretrovirals: a systematic review. Int J STD AIDS. 2017 Jan;28(1):4-15. PubMed
- Karsch-Völk M, Barrett B, Kiefer D, Bauer R, Ardjomand-Woelkart K, Linde K. Echinacea for preventing and treating the common cold. Cochrane Database Syst Rev.2014;(2):CD000530. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000530.pub3. PubMed
- Hoban CL, Byard RW, Musgrave IF. Analysis of spontaneous adverse drug reactions to echinacea, valerian, black cohosh and ginkgo in Australia from 2000 to 2015. J Integr Med. 2019;17(5):338-343. PubMed
- Ogal M, Johnston SL, Klein P, Schoop R. Echinacea reduces antibiotic usage in children through respiratory tract infection prevention: a randomized, blinded, controlled clinical trial. Eur J Med Res. 2021 Apr 8;26(1):33. PubMed
- Lopresti AL, Smith SJ. An investigation into the anxiety-relieving and mood-enhancing effects of Echinacea angustifolia (EP107 ™): A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Affect Disord 2021;293:229-237.
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Yellow Dock 8 references
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- Foster S, Tyler VE. Tyler's Honest Herbal: A Sensible Guide to the Use of Herbs and Related Remedies. 3rd ed., Binghamton, NY: Haworth Herbal Press, 1993.
- The Review of Natural Products by Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO: Wolters Kluwer Co., 1999.
- McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
- Ellenhorn MJ, et al. Ellenhorn's Medical Toxicology: Diagnoses and Treatment of Human Poisoning. 2nd ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1997.
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- Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
- Latif A, Fichadiya H, Abid F, Capo G. Herbal Teas and Thrombocytopenia: A Curious Case of Yellow Dock and Burdock-Induced Thrombocytopenia. Eur J Case Rep Intern Med 2022;9(3):003247. PubMed
Pau D'arco 6 references
- Gómez Castellanos JR, Prieto JM, Heinrich M. Red Lapacho (Tabebuia impetiginosa)--a global ethnopharmacological commodity? J Ethnopharmacol 2009;121:1-13. PubMed
- Guerra, Mde O., Mazoni, A. S., Brandao, M. A., and Peters, V. M. Toxicology of Lapachol in rats: embryolethality. Braz.J Biol. 2001;61(1):171-174. PubMed
- Felicio, A. C., Chang, C. V., Brandao, M. A., Peters, V. M., and Guerra, Mde O. Fetal growth in rats treated with lapachol. Contraception 2002;66(4):289-293. PubMed
- Son, D. J., Lim, Y., Park, Y. H., Chang, S. K., Yun, Y. P., Hong, J. T., Takeoka, G. R., Lee, K. G., Lee, S. E., Kim, M. R., Kim, J. H., and Park, B. S. Inhibitory effects of Tabebuia impetiginosa inner bark extract on platelet aggregation and vascular s
- Block JB, Serpick AA, Miller W, Wiernik PH. Early clinical studies with lapachol (NSC-11905). Cancer Chemother Rep 2. 1974;4(4):27-8.
- Algranti E, Mendonça EM, Ali SA, Kokron CM, Raile V. Occupational asthma caused by Ipe (Tabebuia spp) dust. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2005;15(1):81-3.
Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.
DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.
© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC