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Dietary supplement

Test Charge Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by All American EFX

Test Charge label
See full label image
Liquid Category: Botanical With Nutrients
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Test Charge against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Test Charge is a dietary supplement by All American EFX with 4 active ingredients.Based on those ingredients, 1,312 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Test Charge by All American EFX

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Test Charge by All American EFX — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Test Charge by All American EFX

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 0 of its 25 active ingredients.
  • “Phytosterols” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label doesn't break down how much of each component you get.
  • “Carotenoids” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label doesn't break down how much of each component you get.
  • “Lignans” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label doesn't break down how much of each component you get.

Test Charge is a 25-ingredient liquid blend. The active ingredients we can identify include zeaxanthin (a carotenoid that supports eye health), quercetin (a flavonoid antioxidant), beta-sitosterol and daucosterol (plant sterols), and several other flavonoids and plant compounds.

The product also contains inactive ingredients—purified water, glycerine, citric acid, natural flavors, and potassium sorbate—that help preserve and deliver the formula.

Does it work?

Not established
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Not established

The graded evidence we hold for these ingredients covers different conditions than the ones this product is marketed for, so there's no established rating for its stated use.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: amplify anabolic testosterone levels and build muscle.
  • We looked for evidence on: Athletic performance, Exercise-induced muscle damage, Physical performance, Muscle strength, Lean mass, Testosterone support.
  • The closest evidence on file: Quercetin is rated "Possibly Ineffective" for Athletic performance (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Quercetin is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Physical performance, Exercise-induced muscle damage.

Zeaxanthin is rated possibly effective for age-related macular degeneration (AMD); evidence is insufficient for age-related cognitive decline, Alzheimer disease, asthma, breast cancer, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Quercetin is rated possibly ineffective for athletic performance and has insufficient evidence for cognitive decline, hay fever, Alzheimer disease, asthma, and atherosclerosis.

Beta-sitosterol and daucosterol are rated likely effective for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and possibly effective for familial hypercholesterolemia and coronary heart disease. For most other uses represented in this formula, reliable evidence has not yet been established in the data we hold.

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 2 of the 3 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 3 of 3.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 3 of 3.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Zeaxanthin is generally well tolerated at typical supplement amounts. Beta-sitosterol and daucosterol are generally well tolerated for most adults short-term, though the most common side effects are constipation, diarrhea, gas, indigestion, and nausea.

Beta-sitosterol may worsen acne and can reduce appetite. A rare case report linked it to acute pancreatitis, with symptoms appearing on day one of use and resolving after stopping.

Quercetin taken orally may cause headache and tingling in hands and feet. At high doses (not typical for supplements), intravenous use has been associated with breathing difficulty, sweating, flushing, injection site pain, and kidney damage.

Pregnancy and breastfeeding: the safety data advises against supplemental zeaxanthin and beta-sitosterol/daucosterol during pregnancy and breastfeeding. For quercetin, there is not enough data on concentrated supplements during these periods—talk with your doctor or pharmacist for personalized guidance.

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 2 of the 3 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Quercetin, Zeaxanthin.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; diabetes medications.
  • For scale: 1,170 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this product, double-check these medication types: blood thinners like warfarin (Coumadin); antidiabetes drugs; statins, especially pravastatin (Pravachol); blood pressure medications like losartan (Cozaar); cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune); quinolone antibiotics; sulfasalazine (Azulfidine); and mitoxantrone. All interactions are Moderate severity.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with no established evidence rating for its marketed use. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

Test Charge is a multi-ingredient botanical blend with documented interactions, mainly from quercetin and zeaxanthin. If you take any prescription medications—especially blood thinners, antidiabetes drugs, statins, or antibiotics—check each one against the tool on this page before starting.

Talk to your pharmacist about whether this product is right for you.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 4 of 25 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Oct 26, 2011.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Test Charge, straight from the product label.

Brand All American EFX
Barcode (UPC) 73719000170
Net contents 2 fl. Oz.; 60 mL
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Oct 26, 2011
DSLD ID 630
Product type Botanical With Nutrients
Supplement form Liquid
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult Male (18-50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Test Charge by All American EFX, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 mL
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 mL
Servings per container
60
UPC/BARCODE
73719000170
IngredientAmount% DV
Zeaxanthin0 NP--
Quercetin0 NP--
Phytosterols0 NP--
Carotenoids0 NP--
Lignans0 NP--
Beta-Sitosterol0 NP--
Kaempferol0 NP--
Xanthophyll0 NP--
20-Hydroxy Ecdysterone0 NP--
Test Charge Proprietary Blend150 mg--
Taxadral(R)0 NP--
Taxanes & Taxoids0 NP--
Flavonoids-Flavonols0 NP--
Rhammetin0 NP--
Sciadopitysin0 NP--
Amentoflavone0 NP--
Sequoiaflavone0 NP--
Sotetsuflavone0 NP--
Ginkgetin0 NP--
Taxifolin0 NP--
Daucosterol0 NP--
Ponasterone0 NP--
Corynine0 NP--
Lariciresinol0 NP--
Taxinresinol0 NP--
Violaxantin0 NP--
Neoxanthin0 NP--
Eschsoltzaxanthone0 NP--
Phenols0 NP--
Betuligneol0 NP--
Benzenoid0 NP--
Rhododendrol0 NP--
7-Methoxy-5-methyl-3-phenyl-chromen-4-one0 NP--
4-Hydroxy-3-methyoxycinnamic acid0 NP--

Other ingredients: purified Water, Glycerine, Citric Acid, Natural Flavors, Potassium Sorbate

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Brand IP Statement(s)

Made in the USA. Patented and International Patents Pending. (C)2011 All American EFX(R) All Rights Reserved. All American(R) is a registered trademark of (AAP). Bioperine(R) is a registered trademark of Sabinsa Corporation.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Precautions

WARNINGS: KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN. For healthy men only. Not intended for use by women or those under 18 years of age. Use as directed. If you are under a doctor's care consult with your physician before using. Do not take Test Charge(R) and Aroma Block-R(TM) for more than 30 days without a minimum 7 day break between cycles.

Storage

STORAGE: Protect from heat, light and moisture. Store at 59-86°F (15-30°C). ALLERGEN STATEMENT: None

General Statements

30 DAY CYCLE

Amplify Anabolic Testosterone Levels & Build Hardcore Muscle!*

Anabolic Testosterone Amplifier

Annihilate Catabolism!*

EU Plant #1000135313

Magnify Lean Mass, Strength & Power with Taxadral(R)!*

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

SUGGESTED USE: Take 1 dose (1/2 dropper) first thing in the morning on an empty stomach. Take a second dose (1/2 dropper) before bedtime. Use daily for 30 consecutive days. Cycle off for 7 days before repeating cycle.

General

CC# AAL153-60

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Test Charge by All American EFX label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Test Charge label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Test Charge by All American EFX

These are the 4 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 mL Dosage formLiquid Servings per container60 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Test Charge Proprietary Blend

150 mg per serving
  • › 20-Hydroxy Ecdysterone
  • › Taxadral(R)
  • › 7-Methoxy-5-methyl-3-phenyl-chromen-4-one
  • › 4-Hydroxy-3-methyoxycinnamic acid

Other (inactive) ingredients: Purified Water, Glycerine, Citric Acid, Natural Flavors, Potassium Sorbate. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Test Charge by All American EFX Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Test Charge?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
1,312Drugs
1,312 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Test Charge interact with 1,312 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

0 of the 4 ingredients in Test Charge interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible.

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Test Charge with known interactions, here are the types of medications it can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Test Charge, from the product label.

All American EFX

See all All American EFX products
Name
All American EFX(R)
Street Address
5301 Office Park Dr., Suite 210
City
Bakersfield
State
CA
ZipCode
93309
Phone Number
(888)238-1864
Web Address
WEB: aaefx.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Test Charge by All American EFX: Common Questions

Does Test Charge by All American EFX interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Test Charge has a known interaction with 1,312 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Test Charge contains 4 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is Test Charge safe to take while I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
The safety data advises against supplemental zeaxanthin and beta-sitosterol during pregnancy and breastfeeding. For quercetin, there isn't enough data on concentrated supplement use during these periods. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist—they can weigh your individual situation and help you decide.
What is zeaxanthin in this product used for?
Zeaxanthin is a carotenoid (plant pigment) rated possibly effective for age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a condition affecting central vision as you age. The evidence is not yet established for other conditions listed in this formula.
What side effects might I experience from Test Charge?
Quercetin may cause headache or tingling in your hands and feet. Beta-sitosterol and daucosterol may cause constipation, diarrhea, gas, indigestion, nausea, or reduced appetite. A very rare case linked beta-sitosterol to acute pancreatitis. If you have unusual symptoms, talk to your pharmacist.
Does Test Charge have fillers?
Yes. Beyond the active ingredients, Test Charge contains purified water, glycerine, citric acid, natural flavors, and potassium sorbate to preserve and deliver the formula.
Can Test Charge help with blood pressure or cholesterol?
Beta-sitosterol and daucosterol are rated possibly effective for coronary heart disease and familial hypercholesterolemia. However, Test Charge is not a substitute for prescribed medications. Check with your pharmacist before using it alongside your regular drugs.
Why do I need to check my medications before taking this?
Quercetin in this product interacts with a large number of medications—from blood thinners to antibiotics to heart drugs—and may increase their effects or side effects. Zeaxanthin may increase the risk of low blood sugar with antidiabetes drugs. Always confirm your meds are safe with this product before starting.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Test Charge label
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Test Charge's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 74 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Zeaxanthin 4 references
  1. Montonen J, Knekt P, Jarvinen R, Reunanen A. Dietary antioxidant intake and risk of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004;27:362-6. PubMed
  2. Leermakers ET, Darweesh SK, Baena CP, et al. The effects of lutein on cardiometabolic health across the life course: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2016;103(2):481-94. PubMed
  3. Kou L, Du M, Zhang C, Dai Z, Li X, Zhang B. The Hypoglycemic, Hypolipidemic, and Anti-Diabetic Nephritic Activities of Zeaxanthin in Diet-Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Sprague Dawley Rats. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017;182(3):944-955. PubMed
  4. Xu X, Zhao X, Berde Y, Low YL, Kuchan MJ. Milk and Plasma Lutein and Zeaxanthin Concentrations in Chinese Breast-Feeding Mother-Infant Dyads With Healthy Maternal Fruit and Vegetable Intake. J Am Coll Nutr 2019;38(2):179-184. PubMed

See these in context on the Zeaxanthin monograph →

Quercetin 26 references
  1. Shoskes DA, Zeitlin SI, Shahed A, Rajfer J. Quercetin in men with category III chronic prostatitis: A preliminary prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Urol 1999;54:960-3. PubMed
  2. Starvic B. Quercetin in our diet: from potent mutagen to probable anticarcinogen. Clin Biochem 1994;27:245-8. PubMed
  3. Ferry DR, Smith A, Malkhandi J, et al. Phase I clinical trial of the flavonoid quercetin: Pharmacokinetics and evidence for in vivo tyrosine kinase inhibition. Clin Cancer Res 1996;2:659-67..
  4. Obach RS. Inhibition of human cytochrome P450 enzymes by constituents of St. John's wort, an herbal preparation used in the treatment of depression. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2000;294:88-95. DOI
  5. Edwards RL, Lyon T, Litwin SE, et al. Quercetin reduces blood pressure in hypertensive subjects. J Nutr 2007;137:2405-11.
  6. Kim KA, Park PW, Kim HK, et al. Effect of quercetin on the pharmacokinetics of rosiglitazone, a CYP2C8 substrate, in healthy subjects. J Clin Pharmacol 2005;45:941-6. PubMed
  7. DiCenzo R, Frerichs V, Larppanichpoonphol P, et al. Effect of quercetin on the plasma and intracellular concentrations of saquinavir in healthy adults. Pharmacotherapy 2006;26:1255-61. PubMed
  8. Choi JS, Choi BC, Choi KE. Effect of quercetin on the pharmacokinetics of oral cyclosporine. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2004;61:2406-9. PubMed
  9. Choi JS, Jo BW, Kim YC. Enhanced paclitaxel bioavailability after oral administration of paclitaxel or prodrug to rats pretreated with quercetin. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2004;57:313-8. PubMed
  10. Vaclavikova R, Horsky S, Simek P, Gut I. Paclitaxel metabolism in rat and human liver microsomes is inhibited by phenolic antioxidants. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2003;368:200-9. PubMed
  11. Di Bari L, Ripoli S, Pradhan S, Salvadori P. Interactions between quercetin and warfarin for albumin binding: A new eye on food/drug interference. Chirality 2010;22:593-6. PubMed
  12. Lamson, D. W. and Brignall, M. S. Antioxidants and cancer, part 3: quercetin. Altern.Med.Rev. 2000;5(3):196-208.
  13. Duan KM, Wang SY, Ouyang W, Mao YM, Yang LJ. Effect of quercetin on CYP3A activity in Chinese healthy participants. J Clin Pharmacol 2012;52(6):940-6. PubMed
  14. Wang SY, Duan KM, Li Y, et al. Effect of quercetin on P-glycoprotein transport ability in Chinese healthy subjects. Eur J Clin Nutr 2013;67(4):390-4. PubMed
  15. Nguyen MA, Staubach P, Wolffram S, Langguth P. Effect of single-dose and short-term administration of quercetin on the pharmacokinetics of talinolol in humans - Implications for the evaluation of transporter-mediated flavonoid-drug interactions. Eur J Pha PubMed
  16. Wu LX, Guo CX, Chen WQ, et al. Inhibition of the organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1B1 by quercetin: an in vitro and in vivo assessment. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2012;73(5):750-7.
  17. Ahrens MJ, Thompson DL. Effect of emulin on blood glucose in type 2 diabetics. J Med Food. 2013;16(3):211-5. PubMed
  18. Larson A, Witman MA, Guo Y, et al. Acute, quercetin-induced reductions in blood pressure in hypertensive individuals are not secondary to lower plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme activity or endothelin-1: nitric oxide. Nutr Res. 2012;32(8):557-64. PubMed
  19. Bedada SK, Neerati P. Evaluation of the effect of quercetin treatment on CYP2C9 enzyme activity of diclofenac in healthy human volunteers. Phytother Res. 2018 Feb;32(2):305-311. doi: 10.1002/ptr.5978. PubMed
  20. Zhao Q, Wei J, Zhang H. Effects of quercetin on the pharmacokinetics of losartan and its metabolite EXP3174 in rats. Xenobiotica 2019;49(5):563-8. PubMed
  21. Bhutani P, Rajanna PK, Paul AT. Impact of quercetin on pharmacokinetics of quetiapine: insights from in-vivo studies in wistar rats. Xenobiotica. 2020:1-7.
  22. Li C, Wang X, Bi Y, et al. Potent Inhibitors of Organic Anion Transporters 1 and 3 From Natural Compounds and Their Protective Effect on Aristolochic Acid Nephropathy. Toxicol Sci. 2020;175(2):279-291. PubMed
  23. Ni Y, Duan Z, Zhou D, et al. Identification of Structural Features for the Inhibition of OAT3-Mediated Uptake of Enalaprilat by Selected Drugs and Flavonoids. Front Pharmacol. 2020;11:802. PubMed
  24. Song YK, Yoon JH, Woo JK, et al. Quercetin is a flavonoid breast cancer resistance protein inhibitor with an impact on the oral pharmacokinetics of sulfasalazine in rats. Pharmaceutics 2020;12(5):397. PubMed
  25. Ahmad E, Jahangir M, Ismail MA, et al. Influence of quercetin pretreatment on pharmacokinetics of warfarin in rats. Curr Drug Saf 2022. PubMed
  26. Nambiar A, Kellogg D 3rd, Justice J, et al. Senolytics dasatinib and quercetin in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: results of a phase I, single-blind, single-center, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot trial on feasibility and tolerability. EBioMedicine 20 PubMed

See these in context on the Quercetin monograph →

Flaxseed 37 references
  1. Kolonel LN, Nomura AM, Cooney RV. Dietary fat and prostate cancer: current status. J Natl Cancer Inst 1999;91:414-28. PubMed
  2. Ramon JM, Bou R, Romea S, et al. Dietary fat intake and prostate cancer risk: a case-control study in Spain. Cancer Causes Control 2000;11:679-85. PubMed
  3. Thompson LU, Rickard SE, Cheung F, et al. Variability in anticancer lignan levels in flaxseed. Nutr Cancer 1997;27:26-30. PubMed
  4. Nordstrom DC, Honkanen VE, Nasu Y, et al. Alpha-linolenic acid in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. A double-blind, placebo-controlled and randomized study: flaxseed vs. safflower seed. Rheumatol Int 1995;14:231-4. PubMed
  5. Cunnane SC, Ganguli S, Menard C, et al. High alpha-linolenic acid flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum): some nutritional properties in humans. Br J Nutr 1993;69:443-53.
  6. Clark WF, Parbtani A, Huff MW, et al. Flaxseed: a potential treatment for lupus nephritis. Kidney Int 1995;48:475-80. PubMed
  7. Cunnane SC, Hamadeh MJ, Liede AC, et al. Nutritional attributes of traditional flaxseed in healthy young adults. Am J Clin Nutr 1995;61:62-8. PubMed
  8. De Stefani E, Deneo-Pellegrini H, Boffetta P, et al. Alpha-linolenic acid and risk of prostate cancer: a case-control study in Uruguay. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2000;9:335-8.
  9. Giovannucci E, Rimm EB, Colditz GA, et al. A prospective study of dietary fat and risk of prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1993;85:1571-9. PubMed
  10. Clark WF, Kortas C, Heidenheim P, et al. Flaxseed in lupus nephritis: a two-year nonplacebo-controlled crossover study. J Am Coll Nutr 2001;20:143-8. PubMed
  11. Serraino M, Thompson LU. The effect of flaxseed supplementation on early risk markers for mammary carcinogenesis. Cancer Lett 1991;60:135-42. PubMed
  12. Rickard SE, Yuan YV, Thompson LU. Plasma insulin-like growth factor I levels in rats are reduced by dietary supplementation of flaxseed or its lignan secoisolariciresinol diglycoside. Cancer Lett 2000;161:47-55. PubMed
  13. Mousavi Y, Adlercreutz H. Enterolactone and estradiol inhibit each other's proliferative effect on MCF-7 breast cancer cells in culture. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1992;41:615-9.. PubMed
  14. Adlercreutz H, Fotsis T, Bannwart C, et al. Determination of urinary lignans and phytoestrogen metabolites, potential antiestrogens and anticarcinogens, in urine of women on various habitual diets. J Steroid Biochem 1986;25:791-7.. PubMed
  15. Rose DP. Dietary fiber and breast cancer. Nutr Cancer 1990;13:1-8.. PubMed
  16. Lemay A, Dodin S, Kadri N, et al. Flaxseed dietary supplement versus hormone replacement therapy in hypercholesterolemic menopausal women. Obstet Gynecol 2002;100:495-504.. DOI
  17. Brooks JD, Ward WE, Lewis JE, et al. Supplementation with flaxseed alters estrogen metabolism in postmenopausal women to a greater extent than does supplementation with an equal amount of soy. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;79:318-25.. PubMed
  18. Laaksonen DE, Laukkanen JA, Niskanen L, et al. Serum linoleic and total polyunsaturated fatty acids in relation to prostate and other cancers: a population-based cohort study. Int J Cancer 2004;111:444-50.. PubMed
  19. Dodin S, Lemay A, Jacques H, et al. The effects of flaxseed dietary supplement on lipid profile, bone mineral density, and symptoms in menopausal women: a randomized, double-blind, wheat germ placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005 PubMed
  20. Brouwer IA, Katan MB, Zock PL. Dietary alpha-linolenic acid is associated with reduced risk of fatal coronary heart disease, but increased prostate cancer risk: a meta-analysis. J Nutr 2004;134:919-22.
  21. Demark-Wahnefried W, Polascik TJ, George SL, et al. Flaxseed supplementation (not dietary fat restriction) reduces prostate cancer proliferation rates in men presurgery. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17:3577-87. PubMed
  22. Thompson LU, Chen JM, Li T, et al. Dietary flaxseed alters tumor biological markers in postmenopausal breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2005;11:3828-35. PubMed
  23. Mani UV, Mani I, Biswas M, Kumar SN. An open-label study on the effect of flax seed powder (Linum usitatissimum) supplementation in the management of diabetes mellitus. J Diet Suppl 2011;8:257-65.
  24. Rhee Y, Brunt A. Flaxseed supplementation improved insulin resistance in obese glucose intolerant people: a randomized crossover design. Nutr J 2011;10:44. PubMed
  25. Cornish SM, Chilibeck PD, Paus-Jennsen L, et al. A randomized controlled trial of the effects of flaxseed lignan complex on metabolic syndrome composite score and bone mineral in older adults. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2009;34:89-98. PubMed
  26. Cockerell KM, Watkins AS, Reeves LB, et al. Effects of linseeds on the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome: a pilot randomised controlled trial. J Hum Nutr Diet 2012;25:435-43. PubMed
  27. Colli MC, Bracht A, Soares AA, et al. Evaluation of the efficacy of flaxseed meal and flaxseed extract in reducing menopausal symptoms. J Med Food 2012;15:840-5. PubMed
  28. Allman, M. A., Pena, M. M., and Pang, D. Supplementation with flaxseed oil versus sunflowerseed oil in healthy young men consuming a low fat diet: effects on platelet composition and function. Eur.J Clin.Nutr. 1995;49(3):169-178.
  29. Simbalista RL, Sauerbronn AV, Aldrighi JM, Areas JA. Consumption of a flaxseed-rich food is not more effective than a placebo in alleviating the climacteric symptoms of postmenopausal women. J Nutr 2010;140:293-7. PubMed
  30. Patade A, Devareddy L, Lucas EA, et al. Flaxseed reduces total and LDL cholesterol concentrations in Native American postmenopausal women. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2008;17:355-66. PubMed
  31. Rodriguez-Leyva D, Weighell W, Edel AL, LaVallee R, Dibrov E, Pinneker R, Maddaford TG, Ramjiawan B, Aliani M, Guzman R, Pierce GN. Potent antihypertensive action of dietary flaxseed in hypertensive patients. Hypertension. 2013 Dec;62(6):1081-9. PubMed
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See these in context on the Flaxseed monograph →

Beta-sitosterol 7 references
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See these in context on the Beta-sitosterol monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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