Thuja Ingredients & Drug Interactions
by Hawaii Pharm
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking Thuja against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Thuja is a dietary supplement by Hawaii Pharm with 1 active ingredient. Its ingredients are commonly taken for warts and skin growths, respiratory and immune support, cold and upper respiratory symptoms.Based on those ingredients, 576 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Thuja Leaf Extract, Dry. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against Thuja by Hawaii Pharm
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Thuja by Hawaii Pharm — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Thuja by Hawaii Pharm
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Full disclosure
This product contains one active ingredient: Thuja Leaf Extract, Dry. Thuja is a plant extract traditionally used in herbal practice, though evidence for its effectiveness is limited.
The liquid also contains alcohol, water, and glycerin as inactive ingredients.
Does it work?
Couldn't assess
The evidence for thuja against the common cold is insufficient — we don't have reliable data showing it works for that purpose. If you're thinking about using it for this or any other reason, talk with your pharmacist or doctor about whether the science backs up what you're hoping it'll do.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Thuja contains thujone, a compound that can be toxic in large doses. People have reported headache, nervous agitation, seizures, stomach upset, vomiting, diarrhea, and in rare cases liver or kidney damage from taking too much.
Contact dermatitis (an itchy rash) can occur in people who handle the plant directly. Because thuja has been traditionally used to stimulate uterine contractions and menstruation, the safety data advises against use in pregnancy.
Safety data also advises against use while breastfeeding.
Meds to double-check
Moderate interaction found
Before taking this product, check with your pharmacist if you're on any seizure threshold lowering drugs (like anesthetics), anticonvulsants, or immunosuppressants. These Moderate-severity interactions are serious enough that we usually advise avoiding thuja altogether if you take them.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with no assessable stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
Thuja is not a straightforward herbal supplement — its toxicity profile and interactions with seizure-related and immune medications make it one to discuss carefully with your pharmacist before starting. If you take anticonvulsants, seizure-threshold-lowering drugs, or immunosuppressants, avoid it.
Pregnant or breastfeeding? Skip it entirely.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 1 of 1 active ingredient matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Oct 24, 2023.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about Thuja, straight from the product label.
| Brand | Hawaii Pharm |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | 840253652454 |
| Net contents | 4 Fluid Ounce(s); 120 mL |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Oct 24, 2023 |
| DSLD ID | 301928 |
| Product type | Botanical |
| Supplement form | Liquid |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for Thuja by Hawaii Pharm, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Thuja Leaf Extract, Dry | 983 mg | -- |
Other ingredients: Alcohol, Water, Glycerin
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Brand IP Statement(s)
Hawaii Pharm Herbal Extract Highest quality since 2008
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Suggested use: Shake well before using. For adults add about 20-30 drops (0.7-1 mL, one full squeeze of the dropper bulb) to some juice or water, up to 4 times a day.
Precautions
Warning: We recommend to seek expert medical advice before taking.
Do not use if you are allergic to any ingredients.
Consult your physician before giving to children under 18, during pregnancy, if nursing or taking medications.
Consult your physician before giving to children under 18, during pregnancy, if nursing or taking medications.
May affect the ability to drive and operate machinery. May have contraindications, can cause side effects and adverse reactions. Do not use if seal is broken or missing.
Keep out of the reach of children!
Storage
Store in a cool dry place.
Seals/Symbols
cGMP Made in compliance with cGMP 21 CFR 111 in an FDA registered and inspected facility.
Organic Alcohol Based USA Made in United States of America
FDA Disclaimer Statement
This product has not been evaluated by the FDA and is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
General Statements
Scan this QR-code to get 15% discount on your next purchase. Limited time deal.
Formula
Thuja occidentalis
Organic Alcohol Based
Formulation
Only natural ingredients Purity is laboratory tested and verified
All the raw materials are gluten-free by their nature No artificial colors, flavors, or preservatives
Not tested on animals
Organic Alcohol Based
Made in USA, Hawaii
FDA Statement of Identity
Herbal Supplement
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
Thuja by Hawaii Pharm label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in Thuja by Hawaii Pharm
This is the 1 active ingredient this product is made of. Select it to open its full monograph.
Serving size0.7 mL Dosage formLiquid Servings per container120 Amounts shown are per serving.
Thuja Leaf Extract, Dry
Interacts with576 drugs
Thuja, also called northern white cedar or arborvitae, is a tree whose leaf and oil have a long history in folk and homeopathic medicine, especially f...
Thuja Leaf Extract, Dry monograph & interactionsOther (inactive) ingredients: Alcohol, Water, Glycerin. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
Thuja by Hawaii Pharm Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
Thuja by Hawaii Pharm interacts with several important medication types, and we need to be straightforward about the risks here.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
The most serious concern is seizure threshold lowering drugs. Thuja contains thujone, a neurotoxin that can theoretically lower your seizure risk — meaning if you're on anesthetics or other drugs that affect seizure threshold, thuja could push you closer to a seizure.
This is a Moderate severity interaction, and the safest move is to avoid thuja altogether if you take these medications.
You'll also want to steer clear of thuja if you're on immunosuppressants (like cyclosporine, tacrolimus, azathioprine, and others). Thuja may rev up your immune system, which could work against medications designed to calm it down and reduce their effectiveness — another Moderate concern.
Similarly, thuja might interfere with anticonvulsants by lowering seizure threshold and making those drugs less effective. Altogether, these interactions span 571 individual medications.
Use the medication checker below to search your exact prescriptions before starting thuja.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against Thuja?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in Thuja interact with 576 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
1 of the 1 ingredient in Thuja interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Thuja Leaf Extract, Dry
Acetaminophen, Diphenhydramine, PseudoephedrineChildren's Tylenol Allergy, Cold Control, Contac Night Allergy Relief
How Acetaminophen, Diphenhydramine, Pseudoephedrine interacts with Thuja — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Thuja Leaf Extract, DrySeizure Threshold Lowering Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Thuja products can contains significant amounts of thujone, a neurotoxin.
Read the full Thuja Leaf Extract, Dry + Acetaminophen, Diphenhydramine, Pseudoephedrine interactionAcetaminophen, Doxylamine, PseudoephedrineEx Strength Tylenol Sinus Nighttime
How Acetaminophen, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interacts with Thuja — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Thuja Leaf Extract, DrySeizure Threshold Lowering Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Thuja products can contains significant amounts of thujone, a neurotoxin.
Read the full Thuja Leaf Extract, Dry + Acetaminophen, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interactionAcetaminophen, HydrocodoneAnexsia, Anodynos DHC, Azdone, Co-Gesic, Doucet, Lorcet +9 more
How Acetaminophen, Hydrocodone interacts with Thuja — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Thuja Leaf Extract, DrySeizure Threshold Lowering Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Thuja products can contains significant amounts of thujone, a neurotoxin.
Read the full Thuja Leaf Extract, Dry + Acetaminophen, Hydrocodone interactionAcetaminophen, MeperidineDemerol APAP
How Acetaminophen, Meperidine interacts with Thuja — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Thuja Leaf Extract, DrySeizure Threshold Lowering Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Thuja products can contains significant amounts of thujone, a neurotoxin.
Read the full Thuja Leaf Extract, Dry + Acetaminophen, Meperidine interactionAcetaminophen, OxycodonePercocet, Roxicet, Tylox, Xartemis XR
How Acetaminophen, Oxycodone interacts with Thuja — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Thuja Leaf Extract, DrySeizure Threshold Lowering Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Thuja products can contains significant amounts of thujone, a neurotoxin.
Read the full Thuja Leaf Extract, Dry + Acetaminophen, Oxycodone interactionAcetaminophen, PentazocineTalacen
How Acetaminophen, Pentazocine interacts with Thuja — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Thuja Leaf Extract, DrySeizure Threshold Lowering Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Thuja products can contains significant amounts of thujone, a neurotoxin.
Read the full Thuja Leaf Extract, Dry + Acetaminophen, Pentazocine interactionAcetaminophen, PropoxypheneDarvocet-N 100, Darvocet-N 50, E-Lor, Wygesic
How Acetaminophen, Propoxyphene interacts with Thuja — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Thuja Leaf Extract, DrySeizure Threshold Lowering Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Thuja products can contains significant amounts of thujone, a neurotoxin.
Read the full Thuja Leaf Extract, Dry + Acetaminophen, Propoxyphene interactionAcetazolamideAk-Zol, Diamox
How Acetazolamide interacts with Thuja — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Thuja Leaf Extract, DryAnticonvulsants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Thuja products can contain thujone, which might lower the seizure threshold.
Read the full Thuja Leaf Extract, Dry + Acetazolamide interactionAcyclovirAvaclyr, Sitavig, Zovirax, Zovirax Injection
How Acyclovir interacts with Thuja — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Thuja Leaf Extract, DrySeizure Threshold Lowering Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Thuja products can contains significant amounts of thujone, a neurotoxin.
Read the full Thuja Leaf Extract, Dry + Acyclovir interactionAdalimumabHumira
How Adalimumab interacts with Thuja — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Thuja Leaf Extract, DryImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Thuja might stimulate immune function.
Read the full Thuja Leaf Extract, Dry + Adalimumab interactionAdalimumab-adazHyrimoz
How Adalimumab-adaz interacts with Thuja — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Thuja Leaf Extract, DryImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Thuja might stimulate immune function.
Read the full Thuja Leaf Extract, Dry + Adalimumab-adaz interactionAdalimumab-adbmCyltezo
How Adalimumab-adbm interacts with Thuja — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Thuja Leaf Extract, DryImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Thuja might stimulate immune function.
Read the full Thuja Leaf Extract, Dry + Adalimumab-adbm interactionAdalimumab-afzbAbrilada
How Adalimumab-afzb interacts with Thuja — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Thuja Leaf Extract, DryImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Thuja might stimulate immune function.
Read the full Thuja Leaf Extract, Dry + Adalimumab-afzb interactionAdalimumab-attoAmjevita
How Adalimumab-atto interacts with Thuja — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Thuja Leaf Extract, DryImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Thuja might stimulate immune function.
Read the full Thuja Leaf Extract, Dry + Adalimumab-atto interactionAdalimumab-bwwdHadlima
How Adalimumab-bwwd interacts with Thuja — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Thuja Leaf Extract, DryImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Thuja might stimulate immune function.
Read the full Thuja Leaf Extract, Dry + Adalimumab-bwwd interactionAdalimumab-fkjpHulio
How Adalimumab-fkjp interacts with Thuja — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Thuja Leaf Extract, DryImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Thuja might stimulate immune function.
Read the full Thuja Leaf Extract, Dry + Adalimumab-fkjp interactionAlefaceptAmevive
How Alefacept interacts with Thuja — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Thuja Leaf Extract, DryImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Thuja might stimulate immune function.
Read the full Thuja Leaf Extract, Dry + Alefacept interactionAlemtuzumabCampath
How Alemtuzumab interacts with Thuja — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Thuja Leaf Extract, DryImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Thuja might stimulate immune function.
Read the full Thuja Leaf Extract, Dry + Alemtuzumab interactionAlfentanilAlfenta
How Alfentanil interacts with Thuja — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Thuja Leaf Extract, DrySeizure Threshold Lowering Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Thuja products can contains significant amounts of thujone, a neurotoxin.
Read the full Thuja Leaf Extract, Dry + Alfentanil interactionAluminum Hydroxide, Aspirin, Codeine Phosphate, Magnesium HydroxideAscriptin Codeine #2
How Aluminum Hydroxide, Aspirin, Codeine Phosphate, Magnesium Hydroxide interacts with Thuja — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Thuja Leaf Extract, DrySeizure Threshold Lowering Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Thuja products can contains significant amounts of thujone, a neurotoxin.
Read the full Thuja Leaf Extract, Dry + Aluminum Hydroxide, Aspirin, Codeine Phosphate, Magnesium Hydroxide interactionAmifampridineRuzurgi
How Amifampridine interacts with Thuja — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Thuja Leaf Extract, DrySeizure Threshold Lowering Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Thuja products can contains significant amounts of thujone, a neurotoxin.
Read the full Thuja Leaf Extract, Dry + Amifampridine interactionAmifampridine PhosphateFirdapse
How Amifampridine Phosphate interacts with Thuja — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Thuja Leaf Extract, DrySeizure Threshold Lowering Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Thuja products can contains significant amounts of thujone, a neurotoxin.
Read the full Thuja Leaf Extract, Dry + Amifampridine Phosphate interactionAminophylline, Amobarbital, EphedrineAmesec
How Aminophylline, Amobarbital, Ephedrine interacts with Thuja — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Thuja Leaf Extract, DryAnticonvulsants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Thuja products can contain thujone, which might lower the seizure threshold.
Read the full Thuja Leaf Extract, Dry + Aminophylline, Amobarbital, Ephedrine interactionAmitriptyline, PerphenazineEtrafon, Etrafon-A, Etrafon-Forte, Triavil
How Amitriptyline, Perphenazine interacts with Thuja — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Thuja Leaf Extract, DrySeizure Threshold Lowering Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Thuja products can contains significant amounts of thujone, a neurotoxin.
Read the full Thuja Leaf Extract, Dry + Amitriptyline, Perphenazine interactionAmobarbitalAmytal
How Amobarbital interacts with Thuja — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Thuja Leaf Extract, DryAnticonvulsants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Thuja products can contain thujone, which might lower the seizure threshold.
Read the full Thuja Leaf Extract, Dry + Amobarbital interactionAmobarbital, Ephedrine SulfateEphedrine & Amytal
How Amobarbital, Ephedrine Sulfate interacts with Thuja — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Thuja Leaf Extract, DryAnticonvulsants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Thuja products can contain thujone, which might lower the seizure threshold.
Read the full Thuja Leaf Extract, Dry + Amobarbital, Ephedrine Sulfate interactionAmobarbital, SecobarbitalTuinal
How Amobarbital, Secobarbital interacts with Thuja — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Thuja Leaf Extract, DryAnticonvulsants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Thuja products can contain thujone, which might lower the seizure threshold.
Read the full Thuja Leaf Extract, Dry + Amobarbital, Secobarbital interactionAmoxicillinAmix, Amoram, Amoxident, Amoxil Capsules, Amoxil Injection, Galenamox +3 more
How Amoxicillin interacts with Thuja — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Thuja Leaf Extract, DrySeizure Threshold Lowering Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Thuja products can contains significant amounts of thujone, a neurotoxin.
Read the full Thuja Leaf Extract, Dry + Amoxicillin interactionAmoxicillin, Clavulanate PotassiumAugmentin, Augmentin '125/31 SF', Augmentin '250/62 SF', Augmentin XR, Augmentin-Duo 400/57, Clavulin
How Amoxicillin, Clavulanate Potassium interacts with Thuja — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Thuja Leaf Extract, DrySeizure Threshold Lowering Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Thuja products can contains significant amounts of thujone, a neurotoxin.
Read the full Thuja Leaf Extract, Dry + Amoxicillin, Clavulanate Potassium interactionAmoxicillin, Omeprazole Magnesium, RifabutinTalicia
How Amoxicillin, Omeprazole Magnesium, Rifabutin interacts with Thuja — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Thuja Leaf Extract, DrySeizure Threshold Lowering Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Thuja products can contains significant amounts of thujone, a neurotoxin.
Read the full Thuja Leaf Extract, Dry + Amoxicillin, Omeprazole Magnesium, Rifabutin interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in Thuja with known interactions, here are the types of medications it can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Thuja Leaf Extract, Dry
Anticonvulsants
Thuja products can contain thujone, which might lower the seizure threshold. Theoretically, this could decrease the effectiveness of anticonvulsants drugs.
Immunosuppressants
Thuja might stimulate immune function. Theoretically, taking thuja might decrease the effects of immunosuppressive therapy. Immunosuppressant drugs include azathioprine (Imuran), basiliximab (Simulect), cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune), daclizumab (Zenapax), muromonab-CD3 (OKT3, Orthoclone OKT3), mycophenolate (CellCept), tacrolimus (FK506, Prograf), sirolimus (Rapamune), prednisone (Deltasone, Orasone), and other corticosteroids (glucocorticoids).
Seizure Threshold Lowering Drugs
Thuja products can contains significant amounts of thujone, a neurotoxin. Theoretically, patients taking drugs that lower the seizure threshold might be at greater risk of seizure if they also take thuja. Advise patients taking these drugs to avoid thuja products. Some drugs that lower the seizure threshold include anesthetics (propofol, others), antiarrhythmics (mexiletine), antibiotics (amphotericin, penicillin, cephalosporins, imipenem), antidepressants (bupropion, others), antihistamines (cyproheptadine, others), immunosuppressants (cyclosporine), narcotics (fentanyl, others), stimulants (methylphenidate), theophylline, and others.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for Thuja, from the product label.
Hawaii Pharm
See all Hawaii Pharm products- Name
- Hawaii Pharm LLC
- Street Address
- 510 Sumner St. Ste. 613
- City
- Honolulu
- State
- HI
- ZipCode
- 96817
- Phone Number
- 888-854-2924
- Web Address
- www.hawaiipharm.com
Thuja by Hawaii Pharm: Common Questions
Does Thuja by Hawaii Pharm interact with any medications?
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Where does this information come from?
Can I take this if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
What's thujone and why does it matter?
Does this product actually work for the common cold?
What side effects can thuja cause?
Why does it contain alcohol?
Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
Not sure if Thuja is safe with your meds?
Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.
Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind Thuja’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Sources & How We Checked
Thuja's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 10 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Thuja 10 references
- Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics. 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
- McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
- Millet Y, Jouglard J, Steinmetz MD, et al. Toxicity of some essential plant oils. Clinical and experimental study. Clin Toxicol 1981;18:1485-98. PubMed
- Gohla SH, Haubeck HD, Neth RD. Mitogenic activity of high molecular polysaccharide fractions isolated from the Cupressaceae Thuja occidentale L. I. Macrophage-dependent induction of CD-4-positive T-helper (Th+) lymphocytes. Leukemia 1988;2:528-33.
- Fetrow CW, Avila JR. Professional's Handbook of Complementary & Alternative Medicines. 1st ed. Springhouse, PA: Springhouse Corp., 1999.
- Henneicke-von Zepelin H, Hentschel C, Schnitker J, et al. Efficacy and safety of a fixed combination phytomedicine in the treatment of the common cold (acute viral respiratory tract infection): results of a randomised, double blind, placebo-controlled, m
- Naser, B., Bodinet, C., Tegtmeier, M., and Lindequist, U. Thuja occidentalis (Arbor vitae): A Review of its Pharmaceutical, Pharmacological and Clinical Properties. Evid.Based Complement Alternat.Med 2005;2(1):69-78.
- Patel R, Alavi F, Ortega S, Matela A. Herb-Induced Liver Injury by Cimicifuga racemosa and Thuja occidentalis Herbal Medications for Fertility. Case Rep Gastrointest Med 2021;2021:8858310. PubMed
- Ambooken B, Thomas M, Jisha KT. Papillary Eccrine Adenoma in a 5-year-old Girl Altered by Application of Thuja Ointment. J Cutan Aesthet Surg 2020;13(4):370-371. PubMed
- Badaoui A, Fougerousse AC. Contact dermatitis to linalool and limonene: Unusual sources of exposure. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2023;150(2):167-168. PubMed
Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.
DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.
© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC