Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Vitamin B12+ Raspberry Flavored Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by New Chapter

Gummy Or Jelly Category: Botanical With Nutrients
Most serious interaction: Moderate
The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Vitamin B12+ Raspberry Flavored is a dietary supplement by New Chapter with 4 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for replacing fluids and electrolytes, preventing dehydration during exercise or illness, treating low blood sodium (under medical care).Based on those ingredients, 2,121 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Dietary Fiber, Cordyceps, Sodium. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Vitamin B12+ Raspberry Flavored by New Chapter

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 4 of its 4 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

This gummy contains 3 active ingredients: sodium, vitamin B12, and cordyceps. Vitamin B12 is the star here—it's an essential nutrient your body needs for nerve function, red blood cell formation, and DNA synthesis.

Cordyceps is a type of fungus used in traditional medicine; the research on what it actually does is still thin. Sodium is essential in tiny amounts, but this product includes it as a source, which matters if you're already getting plenty from food or taking other medications that affect sodium balance.

The product also contains several inactive ingredients (tapioca syrup, inulin, cane sugar, pectin, citric acid, sodium citrate, and others) that give it texture, taste, and shelf stability.

Does it work?

Strong evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Strong

Clinical evidence supports at least one of this product's ingredients for its stated purpose.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: Support energy and nerve health.
  • We looked for evidence on: Fatigue, Vitamin B12 deficiency, Peripheral neuropathy, Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, Diabetic neuropathy, Athletic performance — and 4 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Vitamin B12 is rated "Effective" for Vitamin B12 deficiency (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Cordyceps is rated "Possibly Ineffective" for Athletic performance.
  • Also on file: Vitamin B12 is rated "Possibly Ineffective" for Physical performance.

Vitamin B12 is effective for treating B12 deficiency and Imerslund-Grasbeck disease, a rare inherited condition that blocks B12 absorption. It's likely effective for cyanide poisoning and possibly effective for canker sores and postherpetic neuralgia (nerve pain after shingles).

Cordyceps, on the other hand, shows insufficient evidence in our data for the conditions it's often marketed for—sexual function, arrhythmias, asthma, lung cancer, and COPD. One small study suggested it might not help athletic performance.

Sodium's effectiveness ratings in our data relate to specific medical uses (cystic fibrosis and amphotericin B side effects) and don't apply to a general supplement.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Sodium Vitamin B12 Black Psyllium Cordyceps

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 4 of the 4 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 4 of 4.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 4 of 4.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Vitamin B12 is generally very well tolerated orally; your body simply excretes excess in your urine, so there's no upper limit. It's safe at recommended amounts in pregnancy and while breastfeeding.

Rare allergic reactions (rash, itching) have been reported, and very rarely, correcting severe B12 deficiency can cause a dangerous drop in potassium levels. Sodium is the cautionary ingredient here—normal dietary amounts are fine, but this product adds more, and too much is linked to high blood pressure, heart strain, and kidney stress.

Cordyceps is generally well tolerated short-term (up to 1 year in studies), but a small number of people reported abdominal discomfort, constipation, diarrhea, dry mouth, or throat discomfort. One rare case of liver inflammation has been reported, though it's unclear if cordyceps or a contaminant was responsible.

Safety data doesn't support use during pregnancy or breastfeeding.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Sodium Vitamin B12 Black Psyllium Cordyceps

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 4 of the 4 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Black Psyllium, Cordyceps, Vitamin B12, Sodium.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; heart-rhythm medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 2,122 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Check before taking this if you're on blood pressure medications, corticosteroids, lithium, or blood thinners (anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs). Also double-check if you use metformin for diabetes, any immunosuppressant medication, HIV antivirals, or testosterone.

If you're unsure about a specific drug, use the interaction checker on this page.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with clinical evidence supporting its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product makes sense if you have a documented B12 deficiency and need extra intake. But the sodium content is a real concern if you have high blood pressure, take blood pressure medication, use lithium, or take certain other drugs—definitely check with us or your doctor first.

The cordyceps ingredient has limited evidence and limited safety data, especially long-term. Talk to your pharmacist before you buy, especially if you take any regular medications.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 4 of 4 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jul 25, 2024.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Vitamin B12+ Raspberry Flavored, straight from the product label.

Brand New Chapter
Barcode (UPC) 727783903747
Net contents 60 Raspberry Flavored Gummy(ies)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Jul 25, 2024
DSLD ID 315362
Product type Botanical With Nutrients
Supplement form Gummy Or Jelly
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Vegan, Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free, Dairy Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Vitamin B12+ Raspberry Flavored by New Chapter, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
2 Gummy(ies)
Maximum serving Sizes:
2 Gummy(ies)
Servings per container
30
UPC/BARCODE
727783903747
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories12 Calorie(s)--
Total Carbohydrates4 Gram(s)1%
Sodium10 mg1%
Vitamin B12350 mcg14583%
Added Sugars2 Gram(s)4%
Total Sugars2 Gram(s)--
Dietary Fiber1 Gram(s)4%
Cordyceps20 mg--

Other ingredients: Tapioca Syrup, Inulin, Cane Sugar, Pectin, Natural Flavors, Citric Acid, Sodium Citrate, Black Carrot, Sunflower Oil, Carnauba Wax, Bacillus coagulans MTCC-5856

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested use: Adults, chew two gummies daily. Can be taken anytime, even on an empty stomach.

Formulation

Gluten free; 100% vegan.

Gluten free; 100% vegan.

Formulated for absorption

Non GMO Project Verified nongmoproject.org Gluten free

USDA Organic Certified organic by Where Food Comes From Organic, Castle Rock, CO, USA

Made in Canada

Not a significant source of dietary fiber

General Statements

Please refer to newchapter.com for more information about this product and its benefits.

Bottle made with 99% post consumer recycled material. Discard seal Empty & replace cap Plastic bottle howtorecycle.info

New

Precautions

Caution: as with any dietary or herbal supplement, you should advise your healthcare professional of the use of this product if you are taking medication (especially immune suppressing drugs) or have a serious medical condition (especially if the immune system is compromised). If you are nursing, pregnant, or considering pregnancy, consult your healthcare professional prior to using this product.

Discontinue use and contact a healthcare professional if you experience an allergic reaction or side effect.

Avoid use if known sensitivity to any of the ingredients.

Do not exceed suggested use.

Keep out of reach of children.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Brand IP Statement(s)

New Chapter Est. 1982

Copyright 2022 New Chapter, Inc.

Formula

Cellular energy support: 350 mcg of B12 to help your body convert food into fuel and support healthy nerve function.

Only 2 g of sugar: Unlike most gummy vitamins made from just sugar, we packed vitamin B12+ into 100% delicious gummies made with organic fiber.

Cellular energy Vitamin B12+ With organic fiber 350 mcg B12 for absorption Excellent source of B12 for cellular energy with organic Cordyceps. All in a vegan gummy made with blue agave inulin fiber rather than unnecessary extra sugar. Excellent source is defined as a nutrient delivering > 20% DV per FDA

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Seals/Symbols

USDA Organic Non GMO Project Verified nongmoproject.org

Certified B Corporation

See for yourself

Vitamin B12+ Raspberry Flavored by New Chapter label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

What’s inside

The Ingredients in Vitamin B12+ Raspberry Flavored by New Chapter

These are the 4 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size2 Gummy(ies) Dosage formGummy Or Jelly Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Sodium

Interacts with
205 drugs
10 mg per serving

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets g...

Sodium monograph & interactions

Vitamin B12

Interacts with
20 drugs
350 mcg per serving Form: Cyanocobalamin

Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is an essential nutrient your body needs to make red blood cells, keep nerves healthy, and support DNA. Supplements are very h...

Vitamin B12 monograph & interactions

Dietary Fiber

Interacts with
2,025 drugs
1 Gram(s) per serving

Black psyllium is a soluble-fiber supplement made from the seeds of a Plantago plant, used mostly to ease constipation and support digestive health. I...

Dietary Fiber monograph & interactions

Cordyceps

Interacts with
249 drugs
20 mg per serving Form: Cordyceps militaris, Cordyceps militaris, Cordyceps militaris

Cordyceps is a fungus used in traditional Chinese medicine for energy, exercise performance, and lung and immune support. Human research is limited an...

Cordyceps monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Tapioca Syrup, Inulin, Cane Sugar, Pectin, Natural Flavors, Citric Acid, Sodium Citrate, Black Carrot, Sunflower Oil, Carnauba Wax, Bacillus coagulans MTCC-5856. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Vitamin B12+ Raspberry Flavored by New Chapter Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Vitamin B12+ Raspberry Flavored?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

Go to the checker
2,121Drugs
447 Moderate 1,674 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Cordyceps 249
Sodium 205

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Vitamin B12+ Raspberry Flavored with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Dietary Fiber7 drug types · 2,025 drugs

Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

Theoretically, black psyllium might reduce the effects of carbamazepine and increase the risk for convulsions.
Theoretically, black psyllium might reduce carbamazepine absorption. A preliminary study using blond psyllium reported decreased carbamazepine bioavailability due to binding of the drug to psyllium, as well as reduction of available fluid in the gut for dissolution of the drug. This interaction may also occur with black psyllium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Lithium

Theoretically, taking black psyllium at the same time as lithium might reduce lithium absorption.
The fiber in black psyllium might reduce lithium absorption and plasma levels. Some case reports describe a reduction in plasma lithium levels with concomitant administration of blond psyllium. This was reversed when psyllium was stopped. This interaction may also occur with black psyllium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Metformin (Glucophage)

Theoretically, black psyllium might increase the therapeutic and adverse effects of metformin.
Animal research shows that concurrent consumption of blond psyllium with metformin slows and increases the absorption of metformin. This interaction may also occur with black psyllium. To avoid changes in absorption, take psyllium 30-60 minutes after metformin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Olanzapine (Zyprexa)

Theoretically, taking black psyllium at the same time as olanzapine might reduce olanzapine absorption.
The fiber in black psyllium might decrease the absorption of olanzapine. A single case report describes a reduction in the effectiveness of olanzapine when it was concomitantly administered with an unspecified type of psyllium 3 grams orally twice daily. This effect was reversed when psyllium was stopped.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Digoxin (Lanoxin)

Theoretically, taking black psyllium at the same time as digoxin might reduce digoxin absorption and decrease digoxin levels.
Psyllium might bind digoxin in the gut. However, some clinical evidence suggests that psyllium does not impact digoxin absorption.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Ethinyl Estradiol

Theoretically, taking black psyllium at the same time as ethinyl estradiol might alter levels of estradiol.
Concurrent use of blond psyllium with ethinyl estradiol results in a slight increase in the extent of ethinyl estradiol absorption and a slower rate of absorption. This is unlikely to be clinically significant.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Oral Drugs

Theoretically, psyllium might increase, decrease, or have no effect on the absorption of oral drugs.
Psyllium seems to have variable effects on drug absorption. To avoid changes in absorption, take psyllium 30-60 minutes after oral medications. Animal research shows that blond psyllium delays and increases the absorption of metformin and ethinyl estradiol. Case reports and animal research suggest that blond psyllium might reduce absorption of lithium, digoxin, olanzapine, and carbamazepine. Finally, some pharmacokinetic studies show that psyllium does not affect the absorption of levothyroxine or warfarin. Although many of these studies evaluated blond psyllium, the fiber content in black psyllium may have similar effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B

Cordyceps3 drug types · 249 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, cordyceps may increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
In vitro and animal research suggests that cordyceps extract inhibits platelet aggregation and function. However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Immunosuppressants

Theoretically, concurrent use of cordyceps might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Animal and in vitro research suggests that cordyceps stimulates the immune system. However, limited clinical research suggests that taking cordyceps may lower the necessary therapeutic dose of the immunosuppressant cyclosporine, which suggests that cordyceps may have an immunosuppressive effect.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Testosterone

Theoretically, concurrent use of cordyceps and testosterone might have additive effects.
Animal research suggests that cordyceps can increase testosterone levels. The clinical significance of this finding is unclear.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Sodium7 drug types · 205 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
High intake of dietary sodium can increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Also, high intake of sodium may necessitate increased use of antihypertensive medications to achieve blood pressure control in some patients, such as those with chronic kidney disease.

Likelihood Probable Evidence A
Corticosteroids

Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) cause sodium retention. This effect is dose-related and depends on mineralocorticoid potency. It is most common with hydrocortisone, cortisone, and fludrocortisone, followed by prednisone and prednisolone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Didanosine (Videx)

Concomitant use of didanosine with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Didanosine formulations contain a significant amount of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Lithium

Altering dietary intake of sodium might alter the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
High sodium intake can reduce plasma concentrations of lithium by increasing lithium excretion. Reducing sodium intake can significantly increase plasma concentrations of lithium and cause lithium toxicity in patients being treated with lithium carbonate. Stabilizing sodium intake is shown to reduce the percentage of patients with lithium level fluctuations above 0.8 mEq/L. Patients taking lithium should avoid significant alterations in their dietary intake of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Sodium Phosphates

Theoretically, concomitant use of sodium phosphate with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Use of high doses (> 45 mL in 24 hours) of sodium phosphate, such as those used for bowel cleansing before surgery, can lead to serious electrolyte disturbances, including hypernatremia. The risk of hypernatremia is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sodium-Containing Drugs

Concomitant use of sodium-containing drugs with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia and long-term sodium-related complications.
The Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake level of 2.3 grams of sodium daily indicates the intake at which it is believed that chronic disease risk increases for the apparently healthy population. Some medications contain high quantities of sodium. When used in conjunction with sodium supplements or high-sodium diets, the CDRR may be exceeded. Additionally, concomitant use may increase the risk for hypernatremia; this risk is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tolvaptan (Samsca)

Theoretically, concomitant use of tolvaptan with sodium might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Tolvaptan is a vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist that is used to increase sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia. Patients taking tolvaptan should use caution with the use of sodium salts such as sodium chloride.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C

Vitamin B121 drug type · 20 drugs

Metformin (Glucophage)

Metformin, a common medication used to manage type 2 diabetes, has been associated with lower vitamin B12 levels in some individuals. Prolonged use of metformin can interfere with the absorption of B12 in the digestive system, potentially leading to a deficiency in this essential vitamin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence A
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Vitamin B12+ Raspberry Flavored, from the product label.

New Chapter

See all New Chapter products
Name
New Chapter, Inc.
Street Address
90 Technology Drive
City
Brattleboro
State
VT
ZipCode
05301
Phone Number
888-874-4461
Web Address
www.newchapter.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Vitamin B12+ Raspberry Flavored by New Chapter: Common Questions

Does Vitamin B12+ Raspberry Flavored by New Chapter interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Vitamin B12+ Raspberry Flavored has a known interaction with 2,121 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Vitamin B12+ Raspberry Flavored contains 4 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Can I take this if I'm on blood pressure medication?
Not without checking first. The sodium in this product can reduce how well blood pressure meds work, and you might need dose changes. Talk to your pharmacist or doctor before starting—they can tell you if it's safe for your specific situation and dose.
Is the B12 in this gummy going to help my deficiency?
If you actually have a B12 deficiency, yes—B12 supplementation is effective for that. But if you don't have a deficiency, extra B12 just gets excreted, so it won't hurt but won't help either. Get your levels checked if you're not sure.
What does cordyceps actually do?
That's the honest truth—we don't have solid evidence it does much of anything. It's used in traditional medicine and some people take it for energy, sexual function, or athletic performance, but the research doesn't back those claims up yet.
Can I take this while pregnant or breastfeeding?
The B12 in this is safe at recommended amounts in pregnancy and breastfeeding—in fact, B12 is important during both. But cordyceps doesn't have enough safety data, so it's best avoided during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Talk to your doctor about whether the B12 benefit outweighs the cordyceps risk for you.
Will B12 from this gummy interact with my metformin?
Metformin can lower your B12 absorption, which is actually one reason people on metformin often need B12 supplementation. This product could help offset that, though it's a Minor interaction—just mention it to your doctor so they can monitor your B12 levels if needed.
Is this gummy safe to take every day?
Cordyceps seems generally well tolerated for up to a year, and B12 has no upper limit since excess leaves your body. But the sodium is the catch—if you have high blood pressure, heart disease, or kidney issues, daily sodium supplements aren't a good idea without medical okay. Check with your pharmacist about your personal situation.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Vitamin B12+ Raspberry Flavored is safe with your meds?

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Vitamin B12+ Raspberry Flavored label
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Vitamin B12+ Raspberry Flavored's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 100 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Sodium 38 references
  1. Garabedian-Ruffalo SM, Ruffalo RL. Drug and nutrient interactions. Am Fam Physician 1986;33:165-74.
  2. Food and Drug Administration Science Background: Safety of Sodium Phosphates Oral Solution. September 17, 2001. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/safety/sodiumphospate.htm
  3. Coton T, Mallaret C, Coilliot C, Carre D, Guisset M. Severe acute ulcerated gastritis induced by salt. Presse Med 2009;38(3):499-500. PubMed
  4. Frings-Meuthen P, Buehlmeier J, Baecker N, et al. High sodium chloride intake exacerbates immobilization-induced bone resorption and protein losses. J Appl Physiol 2011;111(2):537-542. PubMed
  5. Frings-Meuthen P, Baecker N, Heer M. Low-grade metabolic acidosis may be the cause of sodium chloride-induced exaggerated bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res 2008;23(4):517-524. PubMed
  6. Alam S, Johnson AG. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) among healthy normotensive and essential hypertensive elderly patients to determine the effect of high salt (NaCl) diet of blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13(6):367-74.
  7. Boudville N, Ward S, Benaroia M, House AA. Increased sodium intake correlates with greater use of antihypertensive agents by subjects with chronic kidney disease. Am J Hypertens 2005;18(10):1300-5. PubMed
  8. Bennett WM. Drug interactions and consequences of sodium restriction. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65(2 Suppl):678S-681S. PubMed
  9. Okusa MD, Crystal LJ. Clinical manifestations and management of acute lithium intoxication. Am J Med 1994;97(4):383-9. PubMed
  10. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2005. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10925. DOI
  11. D'Elia L, Rossi G, Ippolito R, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P. Habitual salt intake and risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Clin Nutr 2012;31(4):489-98. PubMed
  12. Goldsmith SR. Hyponatremia in heart failure: time for a trial. J Card Fail 2013;19(6):398-400. PubMed
  13. Willocks L, Brettle R, Keen J, Valentine C, Pinching AJ. Formulations of didanosine (ddI) and salt overload. Lancet 1992;339(8786):190.
  14. Chen L, Zhang Z, Chen W, Whelton PK, Appel LJ. Lower Sodium Intake and Risk of Headaches: Results From the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(7):1270-5. PubMed
  15. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Lower levels of sodium intake and reduced cardiovascular risk. Circulation. 2014;129(9):981-9. PubMed
  16. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Sodium Intake and All-Cause Mortality Over 20 Years in the Trials of Hypertension Prevention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(15):1609-1617. PubMed
  17. Mente A, O'Donnell M, Rangarajan S, et al. Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies. Lancet. 2016;388(10043):465-75. PubMed
  18. Moosavian SP, Haghighatdoost F, Surkan PJ, Azadbakht L. Salt and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2017;68(3):265-277. PubMed
  19. O'Donnell M, Mente A, Rangarajan S, et al. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion, mortality, and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(7):612-23. DOI
  20. Poggio R, Gutierrez L, Matta MG, Elorriaga N, Irazola V, Rubinstein A. Daily sodium consumption and CVD mortality in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Public Health Nutr. 2015;18(4):695-704. PubMed
  21. Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium, Food and Nutrition Board, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington (DC): National Acad
  22. Mahtani KR, Heneghan C, Onakpoya I, et al. Reduced Salt Intake for Heart Failure: A Systematic Review. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1693-1700. PubMed
  23. Yancy CW. Sodium Restriction in Heart Failure: Too Much Uncertainty-Do the Trials. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1700-1701. PubMed
  24. He FJ, Campbell NRC, Ma Y, MacGregor GA, Cogswell ME, Cook NR. Errors in estimating usual sodium intake by the Kawasaki formula alter its relationship with mortality: implications for public health. Int J Epidemiol. 2018;47(6):1784-1795. PubMed
  25. Murthy K, Ondrey GJ, Malkani N, et al. THE EFFECTS OF HYPONATREMIA ON BONE DENSITY AND FRACTURES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Endocr Pract. 2019;25(4):366-378. PubMed
  26. Messerli FH, Hofstetter L, Syrogiannouli L, et al. Sodium intake, life expectancy, and all-cause mortality. Eur Heart J 2021;42(21):2103-2112. PubMed
  27. Graudal NA, Hubeck-Graudal T, Jurgens G. Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, and triglyceride. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020;12(12):CD004022. PubMed
  28. Giatti S, Santos RB, Aielo AN, et al. Association of sodium with obstructive sleep apnea. The ELSA-Brasil study. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021;18(3):502-510. PubMed
  29. Nan X, Lu H, Wu J, et al. The interactive association between sodium intake, alcohol consumption and hypertension among elderly in northern China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2021;21(1):135. PubMed
  30. Kyozuka H, Fukusda T, Murata T, et al. Impact of preconception sodium intake on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: The Japan Environment and Children's study. Pregnancy Hypertens 2021;23:66-72. PubMed
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Vitamin B12 30 references
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Black Psyllium 18 references
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Cordyceps 14 references
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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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