Zhong Gan Ling Ingredients & Drug Interactions
by Plum Flower
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking Zhong Gan Ling against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Zhong Gan Ling is a dietary supplement by Plum Flower with 7 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for alcohol cravings and reduction, menopausal symptoms, heart and blood vessel health.Based on those ingredients, 1,250 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Ilex Pubescens Root Extract, Artemisia annua Herb Extract, Pueraria lobata root extract. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against Zhong Gan Ling by Plum Flower
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AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Zhong Gan Ling by Plum Flower
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Low disclosure
Zhong Gan Ling contains 7 ingredients, of which five are active extracts: Pueraria lobata (kudzu) root, Gypsum fibrosum mineral, Notopterygium incisum, Isatis indigotica (isatis) root, Ilex pubescens root, Verbena officinalis (verbena) herb, and Artemisia annua (Sweet Annie) herb. The product also contains inactive ingredients — microcrystalline cellulose, sodium starch glyconate, hypromellose, polyethylene glycol, and magnesium stearate — which are binding and capsule materials.
Does it work?
Moderate evidence
The evidence supporting Zhong Gan Ling's effectiveness is mixed and limited. Kudzu is considered possibly effective for alcohol use disorder, but the data on the other ingredients for their traditional uses is not well established.
Isatis is possibly effective for psoriasis, and Sweet Annie is possibly effective for allergic rhinitis (hay fever); however, effectiveness for the product's other proposed uses — back pain, angina, respiratory infections, hepatitis, and others — is either insufficient or not studied in our data. If you're considering this for a specific condition, talk with your pharmacist or doctor about whether the evidence supports its use for your situation.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Kudzu, Isatis, and Sweet Annie are generally well tolerated in short-term use, though long-term safety data are limited. Nausea, bloating, and dizziness have been reported with kudzu in clinical trials, but they occurred no more often than placebo; Sweet Annie may cause nausea and vomiting.
A rare but serious concern is liver injury — both kudzu and Sweet Annie carry a theoretical risk of hepatotoxicity, and one case of hepatitis from the Sweet Annie constituent artemisinin has been reported. Verbena in large amounts and combined with other herbs may cause gastrointestinal upset or allergic skin reactions.
Do not use this product during pregnancy or while breastfeeding — safety data are insufficient or unfavorable for both.
Meds to double-check
Major interaction found
Before taking Zhong Gan Ling, check with your pharmacist if you take blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs (warfarin, aspirin, clopidogrel), estrogen therapy or tamoxifen, methotrexate, diabetes medications, or any drugs that are metabolized by the liver (CYP3A4 or CYP2B6 pathways — this includes many blood pressure and cholesterol medications). Also flag any medications that stress the liver or contain caffeine.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with some supporting evidence behind its ingredients' uses. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
Zhong Gan Ling is a traditional herbal blend with limited modern evidence and a significant medication interaction profile. If you take any prescription medications — especially blood thinners, estrogen, methotrexate, diabetes drugs, or anything metabolized by your liver — check with your pharmacist before starting.
Avoid it during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 5 of 7 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Oct 24, 2023.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about Zhong Gan Ling, straight from the product label.
| Brand | Plum Flower |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | 739934939628 |
| Net contents | 100 Tablet(s); 1.06 Ounce(s); 30 Gram(s) |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Oct 24, 2023 |
| DSLD ID | 298538 |
| Product type | Botanical |
| Supplement form | Tablet Or Pill |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other |
| Intended target group(s) | Adult (18 - 50 Years), Women (not pregnant or lactating) |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for Zhong Gan Ling by Plum Flower, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Proprietary Blend Extract | 1500 mg | -- |
| Pueraria lobata root extract | 0 NP | -- |
| Gypsum fibrosum Mineral Extract | 0 NP | -- |
| Notopterygium incisum Extract | 0 NP | -- |
| Isatis indigotica Root Extract | 0 NP | -- |
| Ilex Pubescens Root Extract | 0 NP | -- |
| Verbena officinalis Herb Extract | 0 NP | -- |
| Artemisia annua Herb Extract | 0 NP | -- |
Other ingredients: Microcrystalline Cellulose, Sodium Starch Glyconate, Hypromellose, Polyethylene Glycol, Magnesium Stearate
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formulation
GMP quality
US owned & operated since 1969. Made in China
Plum flower quality guarantee No pharmaceuticals or dyes Unsulfured, preservative-free herbs when available Microbial and heavy metal tested
Produced at a good manufacturing practices (GMP) certified factory
FDA Statement of Identity
Herbal Supplement
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Take 5 tablets 3 times daily or as directed by your health care practitioner
Precautions
Not for use during pregnancy
Keep out of reach of children
Formula
Scientifically authenticated herbs
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
Zhong Gan Ling by Plum Flower label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in Zhong Gan Ling by Plum Flower
These are the 7 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.
Serving size5 Tablet(s) Dosage formTablet Or Pill Servings per container20 Amounts shown are per serving.
Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.
Proprietary Blend Extract
- › Pueraria lobata root extract
- › Gypsum fibrosum Mineral Extract
- › Notopterygium incisum Extract
- › Isatis indigotica Root Extract
- › Ilex Pubescens Root Extract
- › Verbena officinalis Herb Extract
- › Artemisia annua Herb Extract
Other (inactive) ingredients: Microcrystalline Cellulose, Sodium Starch Glyconate, Hypromellose, Polyethylene Glycol, Magnesium Stearate. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
Zhong Gan Ling by Plum Flower Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
Zhong Gan Ling by Plum Flower does interact with a number of medications, mainly through two of its active ingredients.
Pueraria lobata (kudzu) is the primary concern — it can increase bleeding risk if you're taking blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs (like warfarin or aspirin), and it may raise caffeine levels in your system, which could cause jitteriness or other caffeine-related effects. Kudzu also has theoretically estrogenic effects, meaning it might interfere with estrogen therapy or the cancer drug tamoxifen.
Additionally, kudzu may increase the toxicity of methotrexate and raise the risk of low blood sugar if you take diabetes medications.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
Artemisia annua (Sweet Annie), another ingredient, interacts with drugs metabolized by two liver enzymes (CYP3A4 and CYP2B6 substrates) — many common medications pass through these pathways, including some blood pressure drugs, statins, and immunosuppressants. Both kudzu and Sweet Annie also carry a theoretical risk with drugs that stress the liver (hepatotoxic drugs).
Altogether, these interactions span 1,023 individual medications.
We could not check three other ingredients — Gypsum fibrosum, Notopterygium incisum, and Ilex pubescens — because we hold no safety data for them. Before you start Zhong Gan Ling, run your exact medications through the interaction checker on this page.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against Zhong Gan Ling?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in Zhong Gan Ling interact with 1,250 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
3 of the 7 ingredients in Zhong Gan Ling interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Ilex Pubescens Root Extract Artemisia annua Herb Extract Pueraria lobata root extract
Aminophylline, Amobarbital, EphedrineAmesec
How Aminophylline, Amobarbital, Ephedrine interacts with Zhong Gan Ling — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Ilex Pubescens Root ExtractStimulant Drugs, Ephedrine Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of stimulant drugs and yerba mate might increase stimulant adverse effects.
Read the full Ilex Pubescens Root Extract + Aminophylline, Amobarbital, Ephedrine interactionCarbetapentane Tannate, Chlorpheniramine Tannate, Ephedrine Tannate, Phenylephrine TannateQuadratuss, Ry Tuss, Rynatuss, Tri Tannate Plus
How Carbetapentane Tannate, Chlorpheniramine Tannate, Ephedrine Tannate, Phenylephrine Tannate interacts with Zhong Gan Ling — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Ilex Pubescens Root ExtractEphedrine, Stimulant Drugs +1 Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate might increase the risk for stimulant adverse effects when used concomitantly with ephedrine.
Read the full Ilex Pubescens Root Extract + Carbetapentane Tannate, Chlorpheniramine Tannate, Ephedrine Tannate, Phenylephrine Tannate interactionArtemisia Annua Herb ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Sweet Annie may alter plasma levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Artemisia Annua Herb Extract + Carbetapentane Tannate, Chlorpheniramine Tannate, Ephedrine Tannate, Phenylephrine Tannate interactionDyphylline, Ephedrine, Guaifenesin, PhenobarbitalLufyllin-EPG
How Dyphylline, Ephedrine, Guaifenesin, Phenobarbital interacts with Zhong Gan Ling — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Ilex Pubescens Root ExtractStimulant Drugs, Phenobarbital (luminal) +1 Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of stimulant drugs and yerba mate might increase stimulant adverse effects.
Read the full Ilex Pubescens Root Extract + Dyphylline, Ephedrine, Guaifenesin, Phenobarbital interactionEphedrine, Guaifenesin (otc Drug)Ephedrine Formula 400, Ephedrine Plus Tabs
How Ephedrine, Guaifenesin (otc Drug) interacts with Zhong Gan Ling — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Ilex Pubescens Root ExtractStimulant Drugs, Ephedrine Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of stimulant drugs and yerba mate might increase stimulant adverse effects.
Read the full Ilex Pubescens Root Extract + Ephedrine, Guaifenesin (otc Drug) interactionEphedrine, Guaifenesin, Phenobarbital, TheophyllineMudrane GG
How Ephedrine, Guaifenesin, Phenobarbital, Theophylline interacts with Zhong Gan Ling — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Ilex Pubescens Root ExtractTheophylline, Phenobarbital (luminal) +2 Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate might increase the levels and adverse effects of theophylline.
Read the full Ilex Pubescens Root Extract + Ephedrine, Guaifenesin, Phenobarbital, Theophylline interactionEphedrine, Hydroxyzine, TheophyllineAmi Rax, Marax
How Ephedrine, Hydroxyzine, Theophylline interacts with Zhong Gan Ling — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Ilex Pubescens Root ExtractStimulant Drugs, Theophylline +1 Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of stimulant drugs and yerba mate might increase stimulant adverse effects.
Read the full Ilex Pubescens Root Extract + Ephedrine, Hydroxyzine, Theophylline interactionEphedrine, Phenobarbital, Potassium Iodide, TheophyllineMudrane, Quadrinal
How Ephedrine, Phenobarbital, Potassium Iodide, Theophylline interacts with Zhong Gan Ling — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Ilex Pubescens Root ExtractStimulant Drugs, Theophylline +2 Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of stimulant drugs and yerba mate might increase stimulant adverse effects.
Read the full Ilex Pubescens Root Extract + Ephedrine, Phenobarbital, Potassium Iodide, Theophylline interactionEphedrine, Phenobarbital, TheophyllineTedral
How Ephedrine, Phenobarbital, Theophylline interacts with Zhong Gan Ling — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Ilex Pubescens Root ExtractStimulant Drugs, Theophylline +2 Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of stimulant drugs and yerba mate might increase stimulant adverse effects.
Read the full Ilex Pubescens Root Extract + Ephedrine, Phenobarbital, Theophylline interaction6-mercaptopurinePurinethol
How 6-mercaptopurine interacts with Zhong Gan Ling — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Artemisia Annua Herb ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive adverse hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Artemisia Annua Herb Extract + 6-mercaptopurine interactionPueraria Lobata Root ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Pueraria Lobata Root Extract + 6-mercaptopurine interactionAdo-trastuzumab EmtansineKadcyla
How Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interacts with Zhong Gan Ling — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Artemisia Annua Herb ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Sweet Annie may alter plasma levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Artemisia Annua Herb Extract + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionIlex Pubescens Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yerba mate might increase the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Ilex Pubescens Root Extract + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionAbacavir Sulfate, Dolutegravir, LamivudineTriumeq
How Abacavir Sulfate, Dolutegravir, Lamivudine interacts with Zhong Gan Ling — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pueraria Lobata Root ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Pueraria Lobata Root Extract + Abacavir Sulfate, Dolutegravir, Lamivudine interactionArtemisia Annua Herb ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive adverse hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Artemisia Annua Herb Extract + Abacavir Sulfate, Dolutegravir, Lamivudine interactionAbacavir, LamivudineEpzicom
How Abacavir, Lamivudine interacts with Zhong Gan Ling — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Artemisia Annua Herb ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive adverse hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Artemisia Annua Herb Extract + Abacavir, Lamivudine interactionPueraria Lobata Root ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Pueraria Lobata Root Extract + Abacavir, Lamivudine interactionAbciximabReoPro
How Abciximab interacts with Zhong Gan Ling — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Ilex Pubescens Root ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Ilex Pubescens Root Extract + Abciximab interactionPueraria Lobata Root ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, kudzu may increase the risk of bleeding if used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Read the full Pueraria Lobata Root Extract + Abciximab interactionAbemaciclibVerzenio
How Abemaciclib interacts with Zhong Gan Ling — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Artemisia Annua Herb ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Sweet Annie may alter plasma levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Artemisia Annua Herb Extract + Abemaciclib interactionIlex Pubescens Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yerba mate might increase the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Ilex Pubescens Root Extract + Abemaciclib interactionAbiraterone
How Abiraterone interacts with Zhong Gan Ling — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pueraria Lobata Root ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Pueraria Lobata Root Extract + Abiraterone interactionArtemisia Annua Herb ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive adverse hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Artemisia Annua Herb Extract + Abiraterone interactionIlex Pubescens Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Inhibitors Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yerba mate might increase the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Ilex Pubescens Root Extract + Abiraterone interactionAbiraterone AcetateYonsa, Zytiga
How Abiraterone Acetate interacts with Zhong Gan Ling — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pueraria Lobata Root ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Pueraria Lobata Root Extract + Abiraterone Acetate interactionArtemisia Annua Herb ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Sweet Annie may alter plasma levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Artemisia Annua Herb Extract + Abiraterone Acetate interactionIlex Pubescens Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yerba mate might increase the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Ilex Pubescens Root Extract + Abiraterone Acetate interactionAbrocitinibCibinqo
How Abrocitinib interacts with Zhong Gan Ling — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pueraria Lobata Root ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, kudzu may increase the risk of bleeding if used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Read the full Pueraria Lobata Root Extract + Abrocitinib interactionIlex Pubescens Root ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Ilex Pubescens Root Extract + Abrocitinib interactionAcalabrutinibCalquence
How Acalabrutinib interacts with Zhong Gan Ling — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Artemisia Annua Herb ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Sweet Annie may alter plasma levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Artemisia Annua Herb Extract + Acalabrutinib interactionIlex Pubescens Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yerba mate might increase the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Ilex Pubescens Root Extract + Acalabrutinib interactionAcarboseGlucobay, Prandase, Precose
How Acarbose interacts with Zhong Gan Ling — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pueraria Lobata Root ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Antidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Pueraria Lobata Root Extract + Acarbose interactionArtemisia Annua Herb ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive adverse hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Artemisia Annua Herb Extract + Acarbose interactionIlex Pubescens Root ExtractAntidiabetes Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking yerba mate with antidiabetes drugs might interfere with blood glucose control.
Read the full Ilex Pubescens Root Extract + Acarbose interactionAcebutololRhotral, Sectral
How Acebutolol interacts with Zhong Gan Ling — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Artemisia Annua Herb ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive adverse hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Artemisia Annua Herb Extract + Acebutolol interactionPueraria Lobata Root ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Pueraria Lobata Root Extract + Acebutolol interactionAcenocoumarolSintrom
How Acenocoumarol interacts with Zhong Gan Ling — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pueraria Lobata Root ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, kudzu may increase the risk of bleeding if used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Read the full Pueraria Lobata Root Extract + Acenocoumarol interactionIlex Pubescens Root ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Ilex Pubescens Root Extract + Acenocoumarol interactionAcetaminophenChildren's Tylenol, Children's Tylenol Meltaways, Tylenol, Tylenol Ex Strength
How Acetaminophen interacts with Zhong Gan Ling — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Artemisia Annua Herb ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive adverse hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Artemisia Annua Herb Extract + Acetaminophen interactionPueraria Lobata Root ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Pueraria Lobata Root Extract + Acetaminophen interactionAcetaminophen, AspirinGemnisyn
How Acetaminophen, Aspirin interacts with Zhong Gan Ling — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pueraria Lobata Root ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Pueraria Lobata Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionArtemisia Annua Herb ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive adverse hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Artemisia Annua Herb Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionIlex Pubescens Root ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Ilex Pubescens Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionAcetaminophen, Aspirin, CaffeineExcedrin, Excedrin Extra Strength, Excedrin Migraine
How Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interacts with Zhong Gan Ling — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Ilex Pubescens Root ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Ilex Pubescens Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionPueraria Lobata Root ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Hepatotoxic Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, kudzu may increase the risk of bleeding if used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Read the full Pueraria Lobata Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionArtemisia Annua Herb ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Sweet Annie may alter plasma levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Artemisia Annua Herb Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionAcetaminophen, Brompheniramine, PhenylpropanolamineDimetapp Cold and Flu
How Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interacts with Zhong Gan Ling — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pueraria Lobata Root ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Pueraria Lobata Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionIlex Pubescens Root ExtractStimulant Drugs, Phenylpropanolamine Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of stimulant drugs and yerba mate might increase stimulant adverse effects.
Read the full Ilex Pubescens Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionArtemisia Annua Herb ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive adverse hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Artemisia Annua Herb Extract + Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionAcetaminophen, ButalbitalAxocet, Bancap, Bucet, Butex Forte, Esgic CF, Orbivan CF +5 more
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital interacts with Zhong Gan Ling — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Artemisia Annua Herb ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive adverse hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Artemisia Annua Herb Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital interactionPueraria Lobata Root ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Pueraria Lobata Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, CaffeineEsgic, Esgic Plus, Fiogesic, Fioricet, Repan, Tecnal +1 more
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interacts with Zhong Gan Ling — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pueraria Lobata Root ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Caffeine Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Pueraria Lobata Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionIlex Pubescens Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Stimulant Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yerba mate might increase the levels and clinical effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Ilex Pubescens Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionArtemisia Annua Herb ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive adverse hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Artemisia Annua Herb Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, CodeineEsgic with Codeine, Fioricet w/ Codeine
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interacts with Zhong Gan Ling — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Artemisia Annua Herb ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Sweet Annie may alter plasma levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Artemisia Annua Herb Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionPueraria Lobata Root ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Caffeine Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Pueraria Lobata Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionIlex Pubescens Root ExtractStimulant Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use of stimulant drugs and yerba mate might increase stimulant adverse effects.
Read the full Ilex Pubescens Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, CodeineBancap w/ Codeine
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interacts with Zhong Gan Ling — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Artemisia Annua Herb ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive adverse hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Artemisia Annua Herb Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interactionPueraria Lobata Root ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Pueraria Lobata Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine PhosphatePhrenilin #3
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interacts with Zhong Gan Ling — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pueraria Lobata Root ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Pueraria Lobata Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interactionArtemisia Annua Herb ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive adverse hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Artemisia Annua Herb Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in Zhong Gan Ling with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Ilex Pubescens Root Extract
Ephedrine
Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate might increase the risk for stimulant adverse effects when used concomitantly with ephedrine.
Use of ephedrine with caffeine can increase the risk of stimulatory adverse effects. There is evidence that using ephedrine with caffeine might increase the risk of serious life-threatening or debilitating adverse effects such as hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, seizures, and death.
Adenosine (Adenocard)
Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate might decrease the vasodilatory effects of adenosine and interfere with its use prior to stress testing.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. Some evidence shows that caffeine is a competitive inhibitor of adenosine and can reduce the vasodilatory effects of adenosine in humans. However, other research shows that caffeine does not seem to affect supplemental adenosine because high interstitial levels of adenosine overcome the antagonistic effects of caffeine. Still, some researchers recommend that methylxanthines, such as caffeine, as well as methylxanthine-containing products, should be stopped 24 hours prior to pharmacological stress tests. However, methylxanthines appear more likely to interfere with dipyridamole (Persantine) than adenosine-induced stress testing.
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. Caffeine is reported to have antiplatelet activity. Theoretically, it might increase the risk of bleeding when used concomitantly with these agents; however, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Benzodiazepines
Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate might reduce the efficacy of benzodiazepines.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. Caffeine can antagonize the anxiolytic effects of benzodiazepines.
Beta-Adrenergic Agonists
Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate might increase the cardiac inotropic effects of beta-agonists, especially if taken in large amounts.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. Caffeine can increase cardiac inotropic effects of beta-agonists.
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate might reduce the effects of carbamazepine and increase the risk for convulsions.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. Animal research suggests that caffeine can lower the anticonvulsant effects of carbamazepine and can induce seizures when taken in doses above 400 mg/kg. Human research has shown that taking caffeine 300 mg in three divided doses along with carbamazepine 200 mg reduces the bioavailability of carbamazepine by 32% and prolongs the plasma half-life of carbamazepine two-fold in healthy individuals.
Cimetidine (Tagamet)
Theoretically, cimetidine might increase the levels and adverse effects of the caffeine contained in yerba mate.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. Cimetidine decreases caffeine clearance by 31% to 42%.
Clozapine (Clozaril)
Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate might increase the levels and adverse effects of clozapine and acutely exacerbate psychotic symptoms.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. Caffeine might increase the effects and toxicity of clozapine. Caffeine doses of 400-1000 mg per day inhibit clozapine metabolism. Clozapine is metabolized by cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2). Although researchers speculate that caffeine might inhibit CYP1A2, there is no reliable evidence that caffeine affects CYP1A2. There is also speculation that genetic factors might make some patients more sensitive to an interaction between clozapine and caffeine.
Dipyridamole (Persantine)
Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate might decrease the vasodilatory effects of dipyridamole and interfere with its use prior to stress testing.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. Caffeine inhibits dipyridamole-induced vasodilation. Still, some researchers recommend that methylxanthines, such as caffeine, as well as methylxanthine-containing products, should be stopped 24 hours prior to pharmacological stress. Methylxanthines appear more likely to interfere with dipyridamole (Persantine) than adenosine-induced stress testing.
Disulfiram (Antabuse)
Theoretically, disulfiram might increase the levels and adverse effects of the caffeine in yerba mate.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. Disulfiram decreases the rate of caffeine clearance.
Diuretic Drugs
Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate might increase the risk of hypokalemia when used concomitantly with other diuretics.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. Caffeine, especially in excessive amounts, can reduce potassium levels due to stimulation of the sodium-potassium pump. Diuretics can also cause lower potassium levels.
Estrogens
Theoretically, estrogens might increase the levels and adverse effects of the caffeine in yerba mate.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. Estrogen inhibits caffeine metabolism.
Ethosuximide (Zarontin)
Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate might reduce the effects of ethosuximide and increase the risk for convulsion.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. Animal research shows that caffeine 92.4 mg/kg can decrease the anticonvulsant activity of ethosuximide. However, this effect has not been reported in humans.
Felbamate (Felbatol)
Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate might reduce the effects of felbamate and increase the risk for convulsion.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. Animal research shows that a high dose of caffeine 161.7 mg/kg can decreases the anticonvulsant activity of felbamate. However, this effect has not been reported in humans.
Flutamide (Eulexin)
Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate might increase the levels and adverse effects of flutamide.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. In vitro evidence suggests that caffeine can inhibit the metabolism of flutamide. However, this effect has not been reported in humans.
Fluvoxamine (Luvox)
Theoretically, fluvoxamine might increase the levels and adverse effects of the caffeine in yerba mate.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. Fluvoxamine reduces caffeine metabolism.
Lithium
Theoretically, abrupt withdrawal of the caffeine in yerba mate might increase serum lithium levels.
Yerba mate contains caffeine, which has diuretic activity. When abruptly discontinued, it might alter the clearance of lithium. There are two case reports of lithium tremor that worsened upon abrupt coffee withdrawal.
Midazolam (Versed)
Theoretically, use of yerba mate with midazolam might increase midazolam metabolite levels and adverse effects.
In vitro research shows that yerba mate extract containing 6.75% chlorogenic acid significantly inhibits the metabolism of midazolam via inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4).
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (Maois)
Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate might increase risk of a hypertensive crisis when used concomitantly with MAOIs.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. Caffeine has been shown to inhibit monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B in laboratory studies. Concomitant intake of large amounts of caffeine with MAOIs might precipitate a hypertensive crisis. In a case report, a patient that consumed 10-12 cups of caffeinated coffee and took the MAOI tranylcypromine presented with severe hypertension. Hypertension was resolved after the patient switched to drinking decaffeinated coffee.
Nicotine
Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate might increase risk of hypertension when used concomitantly with nicotine.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. Concomitant use of caffeine and nicotine has been shown to have additive cardiovascular effects, including increased heart rate and blood pressure. Blood pressure was increased by 10.8/12.4 mmHg when the agents were used concomitantly.
Pentobarbital (Nembutal)
Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate might decrease the effects of pentobarbital.
The caffeine in yerba mate might negate the hypnotic effects of pentobarbital.
Phenobarbital (Luminal)
Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate might reduce the effects of phenobarbital and increase the risk for convulsions.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. Animal research suggests that caffeine can decrease the anticonvulsant activity of phenobarbital. However, the exact mechanism of this interaction is unclear.
Phenylpropanolamine
Theoretically, phenylpropanolamine might increase the risk of hypertension as well as the levels and adverse effects of the caffeine in yerba mate.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. Concomitant use of phenylpropanolamine and caffeine might cause an additive increase in blood pressure. Phenylpropanolamine also seems to increase caffeine serum levels.
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate might reduce the effects of phenytoin and increase the risk for convulsions.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. Animal research suggests that caffeine can decrease the anticonvulsant activity of phenytoin. The effect does not seem to be related to the seizure threshold-lowering effects of caffeine. However, the exact mechanism of this interaction is unclear.
Pioglitazone (Actos)
Theoretically, the caffeine in yerba mate might increase the levels and clinical effects of pioglitazone.
Yerba mate contains caffeine. Animal research suggests that caffeine can modestly increase the maximum concentration, area under the curve, and half-life of pioglitazone, and also reduce its clearance. This increased the antidiabetic effects of pioglitazone. However, the exact mechanism of this interaction is unclear.
Artemisia annua Herb Extract
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (Cyp2B6) Substrates
Sweet Annie may alter plasma levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2B6.
In vitro research shows that the Sweet Annie constituent artemisinin induces CYP2B6, possibly increasing CYP2B6 activity by 1.6-fold. However, Sweet Annie extract seems to inhibit the activity of CYP2B6 in vitro, suggesting that other constituents of Sweet Annie play a role in its effects on the overall activity of this enzyme. More information is needed to determine whether taking Sweet Annie extract affects the metabolism of CYP2B6 substrates.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Sweet Annie may alter plasma levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
In vitro research shows that the Sweet Annie constituent artemisinin induces CYP3A4, possibly increasing CYP3A4 activity by 1.9-fold. However, Sweet Annie extract seems to inhibit the activity of CYP3A4 in vitro, suggesting that other constituents of Sweet Annie play a role in its effects on the overall activity of this enzyme. More information is needed to determine whether taking Sweet Annie extract affects the metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates.
Hepatotoxic Drugs
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive adverse hepatotoxic effects.
There is some concern that Sweet Annie can adversely affect the liver.
Pueraria lobata root extract
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, kudzu may increase the risk of bleeding if used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Kudzu isoflavones are reported to have antiplatelet activity.
Caffeine
Theoretically, taking kudzu with caffeine might increase levels of caffeine.
In healthy males injected with the kudzu constituent puerarin, caffeine clearance and metabolism is inhibited. This effect has been attributed to inhibition of cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) enzyme, which is involved in caffeine metabolism. It is unclear if taking kudzu orally would have this same effect.
Estrogens
Theoretically, kudzu might alter the effects of estrogen therapy.
Some research suggests that kudzu has estrogenic effects. This may enhance or inhibit the effects of estrogen therapy.
Hepatotoxic Drugs
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
There is some concern that kudzu can adversely affect the liver.
Methotrexate (Trexall, Others)
Theoretically, taking kudzu with methotrexate might increase the risk of methotrexate toxicity.
Preclinical research suggests that kudzu extract greatly reduces the elimination and increases the toxicity of methotrexate. Kudzu might inhibit organic anion transporters (OATs) that are responsible for hepatobiliary and renal excretion of anions, similar to the interaction between methotrexate and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
Tamoxifen (Nolvadex)
Theoretically, kudzu might interfere with tamoxifen activity.
Some research suggests that kudzu may have estrogenic effects.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, taking kudzu with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Kudzu might lower blood glucose levels and have additive effects in patients treated with antidiabetic agents. The dose of diabetes medications might need to be adjusted.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for Zhong Gan Ling, from the product label.
Plum Flower
- Name
- Mayway Herbs
- City
- Oakland
- State
- CA
- Web Address
- plumflowerherbs.com
Zhong Gan Ling by Plum Flower: Common Questions
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Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind Zhong Gan Ling’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Kudzu
Interacts with 584 drugsKudzu is a fast-growing vine whose root has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine and is now studied mostly for reducing alcohol intake. Early research is promising for cutting back...
Read the full Kudzu monograph → Herb & supplement monographIsatis
Isatis is a plant long used in traditional Chinese medicine, mainly for sore throats, fevers, and colds. Modern evidence in people is very limited, so its benefits are not well proven. Talk...
Read the full Isatis monograph → Herb & supplement monographYerba Mate
Interacts with 1,086 drugsYerba mate is a caffeine-containing herbal beverage from South America that is widely enjoyed for its stimulating, coffee-like effects. While it is rich in antioxidants and is being studied...
Read the full Yerba Mate monograph → Herb & supplement monographVerbena
Verbena (Verbena officinalis), also called vervain, is a traditional herb people use for relaxation, sleep, and minor digestive complaints. Solid human research is limited, so its benefits r...
Read the full Verbena monograph → Herb & supplement monographSweet Annie
Interacts with 889 drugsSweet Annie (Artemisia annua) is the source of artemisinin, a compound used in prescription antimalarial drugs. While the purified drug is well studied for malaria, the herb itself as a supp...
Read the full Sweet Annie monograph →Sources & How We Checked
Zhong Gan Ling's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 164 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Kudzu 21 references
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- Akita H, Sowa J, Makiura M, et al. Maculopapular drug eruption due to the Japanese herbal medicine Kakkonto (kudzu or arrowroot decoction). Contact Dermatitis 2003;48:348-9. PubMed
- Luo ZR, Zheng B. [Effect of Puerarin on platelet activating factors CD63 and CD62P, plasminogen activator inhibitor and C-reactive protein in patients with unstable angia pectoris]. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 2001;21:31-3 .
- Lee KT, Sohn IC, Kim DH, et al. Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of tectorigenin and kaikasaponin III in the streptozotocin-lnduced diabetic rat and their antioxidant activity in vitro. Arch Pharm Res 2000;23:461-6.
- Yu Z, Zhang G, Zhao H. [Effects of Puerariae isoflavone on blood viscosity, thrombosis and platelet function]. Zhong Yao Cai 1997;20:468-9.
- Hsu FL, Liu IM, Kuo DH, et al. Antihyperglycemic effect of puerarin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Nat Prod 2003;66:788-92. PubMed
- Chiang HM, Fang SH, Wen KC, et al. Life-threatening interaction between the root extract of Pueraria lobata and methotrexate in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2005;209:263-8.
- Zheng, J., Chen, B., Jiang, B., Zeng, L., Tang, Z. R., Fan, L., and Zhou, H. H. The effects of puerarin on CYP2D6 and CYP1A2 activities in vivo. Arch Pharm Res 2010;33(2):243-246. PubMed
- Hsu, H. H., Chang, C. K., Su, H. C., Liu, I. M., and Cheng, J. T. Stimulatory effect of puerarin on alpha1A-adrenoceptor to increase glucose uptake into cultured C2C12 cells of mice. Planta Med 2002;68(11):999-1003.
- Zheng, G., Zhang, X., Zheng, J., Meng, Q., and Zheng, D. [Estrogen-like effects of puerarin and total isoflavones from Pueraria lobata]. Zhong.Yao Cai. 2002;25(8):566-568.
- Qi, B. L. and Qi, B. M. [Effect of the purariae-isofiavones on estrogen level in normal and ovariectomized rats]. Zhongguo Zhong.Yao Za Zhi. 2002;27(11):850-852.
- Akita, H., Sowa, J., Makiura, M., Akamatsu, H., and Matsunaga, K. Maculopapular drug eruption due to the Japanese herbal medicine Kakkonto (kudzu or arrowroot decoction). Contact Dermatitis 2003;48(6):348-349. PubMed
- Manonai, J., Chittacharoen, A., Theppisai, U., and Theppisai, H. Effect of Pueraria mirifica on vaginal health. Menopause. 2007;14(5):919-924. PubMed
- Chandeying, V. and Sangthawan, M. Efficacy comparison of Pueraria mirifica (PM) against conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) with/without medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) in the treatment of climacteric symptoms in perimenopausal women: phase III study. J M
- Virojchaiwong, P., Suvithayasiri, V., and Itharat, A. Comparison of Pueraria mirifica 25 and 50 mg for menopausal symptoms. Arch.Gynecol.Obstet. 2011;284(2):411-419. PubMed
- Hou, Q., Ao, X., Li, G., and Zhang, Y. [Puerarin combined with avandia for diabetic nephropathy]. Zhong.Nan.Da.Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2012;37(1):73-77.
- Kim HJ, Kim H, Ahn JH, Suk JH. Liver injury induced by herbal extracts containing mistletoe and kudzu. J Altern Complement Med 2015;21(3):180-5. PubMed
- Santosh N, Mohan K, Royana S, Yamini TB. Hepatotoxicity of tubers of Indian Kudzu (Pueraria tuberosa) in rats. Food Chem Toxicol. 2010 Apr;48(4):1066-71. PubMed
- Teschke R, Zhang L, Long H, Schwarzenboeck A, Schmidt-Taenzer W, Genthner A, Wolff A, Frenzel C, Schulze J, Eickhoff A. Traditional Chinese Medicine and herbal hepatotoxicity: a tabular compilation of reported cases. Ann Hepatol. 2015 Jan-Feb;14(1):7-19. DOI
- Wang D, Qiu L, Wu X, Wei H, Xu F. Evaluation of kudzu root extract-induced hepatotoxicity. J Ethnopharmacol. 2015 Dec 24;176:321-6. PubMed
- Warinsiriruk P, Tantitham C, Cherdshewasart W, Shobeiri SA, Manonai J. Effects of Pueraria mirifica on vaginal artery vascularization in postmenopausal women with genitourinary syndrome of menopause. Maturitas 2022;160:4-10. PubMed
Isatis 3 references
Yerba Mate 123 references
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- Jefferson JW. Lithium tremor and caffeine intake: two cases of drinking less and shaking more. J Clin Psychiatry 1988;49:72-3.
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- Vahedi K, Domingo V, Amarenco P, Bousser MG. Ischemic stroke in a sportsman who consumed MaHuang extract and creatine monohydrate for bodybuilding. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 2000;68:112-3.
- Pintos J, Franco EL, Oliveira BV, et al. Mate, coffee, and tea consumption and risk of cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract in southern Brazil. Epidemiology 1994;5:583-90.
- De Stefani E, Fierro L, Mendilaharsu M, et al. Meat intake, 'mate' drinking and renal cell cancer in Uruguay: a case-control study. Br J Cancer 1998;78:1239-43. PubMed
- De Stefani E, Correa P, Fierro L, et al. Black tobacco, mate, and bladder cancer. A case-control study from Uruguay. Cancer 1991;67:536-40.
- De Stefani E, Fierro L, Correa P, et al. Mate drinking and risk of lung cancer in males: a case-control study from Uruguay. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1996;5:515-9.
- Rapuri PB, Gallagher JC, Kinyamu HK, Ryschon KL. Caffeine intake increases the rate of bone loss in elderly women and interacts with vitamin D receptor genotypes. Am J Clin Nutr 2001;74:694-700. PubMed
- The National Toxicology Program (NTP). Caffeine. Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction (CERHR). Available at: http://cerhr.niehs.nih.gov/common/caffeine.html.
- Klebanoff MA, Levine RJ, DerSimonian R, et al. Maternal serum paraxanthine, a caffeine metabolite, and the risk of spontaneous abortion. N Engl J Med 1999;341:1639-44. PubMed
- Fernandes O, Sabharwal M, Smiley T, et al. Moderate to heavy caffeine consumption during pregnancy and relationship to spontaneous abortion and abnormal fetal growth: a meta-analysis. Reprod Toxicol 1998;12:435-44. PubMed
- Pollock BG, Wylie M, Stack JA, et al. Inhibition of caffeine metabolism by estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. J Clin Pharmacol 1999;39:936-40. PubMed
- DiPiro JT, Talbert RL, Yee GC, et al; eds. Pharmacotherapy: A pathophysiologic approach. 4th ed. Stamford, CT: Appleton & Lange, 1999.
- Nurminen ML, Niittynen L, Korpela R, Vapaatalo H. Coffee, caffeine and blood pressure: a critical review. Eur J Clin Nutr 1999;53:831-9. PubMed
- Dews PB, Curtis GL, Hanford KJ, O'Brien CP. The frequency of caffeine withdrawal in a population-based survey and in a controlled, blinded pilot experiment. J Clin Pharmacol 1999;39:1221-32. PubMed
- Hagg S, Spigset O, Mjorndal T, Dahlqvist R. Effect of caffeine on clozapine pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2000;49:59-63. PubMed
- McGee J, Patrick RS, Wood CB, Blumgart LH. A case of veno-occlusive disease of the liver in Britain associated with herbal tea consumption. J Clin Pathol 1976;29:788-94. PubMed
- Watson JM, Jenkins EJ, Hamilton P, et al. Influence of caffeine on the frequency and perception of hypoglycemia in free-living patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2000;23:455-9. PubMed
- Lloyd T, Johnson-Rollings N, Eggli DF, et al. Bone status among postmenopausal women with different habitual caffeine intakes: a longitudinal investigation. J Am Coll Nutr 2000;19:256-61. PubMed
- American Academy of Pediatrics. The transfer of drugs and other chemicals into human milk. Pediatrics 2001;108:776-89. PubMed
- Sinclair CJ, Geiger JD. Caffeine use in sports. A pharmacological review. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2000;40:71-9.
- Haller CA, Benowitz NL. Adverse cardiovascular and central nervous system events associated with dietary supplements containing ephedra alkaloids. N Engl J Med 2000;343:1833-8. PubMed
- Ali M, Afzal M. A potent inhibitor of thrombin stimulated platelet thromboxane formation from unprocessed tea. Prostaglandins Leukot Med 1987;27:9-13. PubMed
- Ardlie NG, Glew G, Schultz BG, Schwartz CJ. Inhibition and reversal of platelet aggregation by methyl xanthines. Thromb Diath Haemorrh 1967;18:670-3. DOI
- Ferrini RL, Barrett-Connor E. Caffeine intake and endogenous sex steroid levels in postmenopausal women. The Rancho Bernardo Study. Am J Epidemiol 1996:144:642-4. PubMed
- Bell DG, Jacobs I, Ellerington K. Effect of caffeine and ephedrine ingestion on anaerobic exercise performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001;33:1399-403. PubMed
- Horner NK, Lampe JW. Potential mechanisms of diet therapy for fibrocystic breast conditions show inadequate evidence of effectiveness. J Am Diet Assoc 2000;100:1368-80. PubMed
- McGowan JD, Altman RE, Kanto WP Jr. Neonatal withdrawal symptoms after chronic maternal ingestion of caffeine. South Med J 1988;81:1092-4.. PubMed
- Massey LK. Is caffeine a risk factor for bone loss in the elderly? Am J Clin Nutr 2001;74:569-70. PubMed
- Dreher HM. The effect of caffeine reduction on sleep quality and well-being in persons with HIV. J Psychosom Res 2003;54:191-8.. PubMed
- Kockler DR, McCarthy MW, Lawson CL. Seizure activity and unresponsiveness after hydroxycut ingestion. Pharmacotherapy 2001;21:647-51.. PubMed
- Nix D, Zelenitsky S, Symonds W, et al. The effect of fluconazole on the pharmacokinetics of caffeine in young and elderly subjects. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1992;51:183. DOI
- Infante S, Baeza ML, Calvo M, et al. Anaphylaxis due to caffeine. Allergy 2003;58:681-2. PubMed
- Massey LK, Whiting SJ. Caffeine, urinary calcium, calcium metabolism and bone. J Nutr 1993;123:1611-4. PubMed
- Nawrot P, Jordan S, Eastwood J, et al. Effects of caffeine on human health. Food Addit Contam 2003;20:1-30. PubMed
- May DC, Jarboe CH, VanBakel AB, Williams WM. Effects of cimetidine on caffeine disposition in smokers and nonsmokers. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1982;31:656-61. PubMed
- Abernethy DR, Todd EL. Impairment of caffeine clearance by chronic use of low-dose oestrogen-containing oral contraceptives. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1985;28:425-8. PubMed
- Brown NJ, Ryder D, Branch RA. A pharmacodynamic interaction between caffeine and phenylpropanolamine. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1991;50:363-71. PubMed
- Sanderink GJ, Bournique B, Stevens J, et al. Involvement of human CYP1A isoenzymes in the metabolism and drug interactions of riluzole in vitro. Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997;282:1465-72. DOI
- Wahllander A, Paumgartner G. Effect of ketoconazole and terbinafine on the pharmacokinetics of caffeine in healthy volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1989;37:279-83. PubMed
- Carrillo JA, Benitez J. Clinically significant pharmacokinetic interactions between dietary caffeine and medications. Clin Pharmacokinet 2000;39:127-53. PubMed
- Underwood DA. Which medications should be held before a pharmacologic or exercise stress test? Cleve Clin J Med 2002;69:449-50. PubMed
- Aqel RA, Zoghbi GJ, Trimm JR, et al. Effect of caffeine administered intravenously on intracoronary-administered adenosine-induced coronary hemodynamics in patients with coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 2004;93:343-6. PubMed
- Zheng XM, Williams RC. Serum caffeine levels after 24-hour abstention: clinical implications on dipyridamole (201)Tl myocardial perfusion imaging. J Nucl Med Technol 2002;30:123-7.
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