Drug & supplement interaction

Propolis + Metformin, Linagliptin

Metformin, Linagliptin brand name: Jentadueto.

No Known Interaction

Medically reviewed by Dr. Brian Staiger, PharmD, BCPS · Updated July 2026 · Pair last verified Sep 13, 2026

The bottom line No known interaction

We found no known interaction between Propolis and Metformin, Linagliptin in our sources. Absence of a documented interaction is not the same as proven safety, and does not guarantee one does not exist. Do not start, stop, or change a medication or supplement based on this page; confirm with your pharmacist or doctor first. Additionally, although there is no interaction, the label for Metformin, Linagliptin states a food rule worth keeping to, and the two are separately associated with some of the same side effects, which would make a new symptom harder to attribute to one or the other.

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Interaction report

Propolis and Metformin, Linagliptin

We checked these two against our interaction database. Here is what we found.

No Known Interaction Found

We did not find a documented interaction between Metformin, Linagliptin and Propolis in our sources. This does not guarantee that the combination is completely free of risk — there is often limited research on supplements and herbal products, especially around drug interactions.

If you decide to take both, the practical routine is simple: add one new thing at a time and note the date you started it. If the combination is going to disagree with you, it usually shows in the first days to a couple of weeks — and a start date turns “I’ve been feeling off” into something a pharmacist can actually work with. Do not stop a prescribed medicine on your own.

Always talk with your pharmacist or doctor before making changes to your medications or supplements, particularly if you take several medications or have an ongoing health condition.

Propolis safety at a glance

Propolis overall Use caution Generally well tolerated short term, but allergic reactions are possible, especially in people sensitive to bee products.

Pregnancy Avoid Not enough reliable safety information, so it is best avoided during pregnancy.

Breastfeeding Possibly Safe When used orally and appropriately during lactation. Propolis 300 mg daily has been used for 4-10 months in one clinical study with no apparent adverse effects... Read the full breastfeeding detail

Pregnancy & breastfeeding ratings are from Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — the full detail is in the Special populations card below. Safety guidance is general; always confirm with your pharmacist or doctor for your situation.

Still wondering about combining Metformin, Linagliptin and Propolis? Ask Dr. Brian Staiger, PharmD, BCPS directly ›

How we checked

Why No Interaction Is Listed for Metformin, Linagliptin

Interactions in our licensed database are recorded against drug classes, not just single drug names. Metformin, Linagliptin is filed under 6 classifications — including organic cation transporter 2 (oct2) substrates, antidiabetes drugs, cytochrome p450 3a4 (cyp3a4) inhibitors. Propolis has documented interactions with 8 drug classes — the most serious being anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs (moderate), cytochrome p450 1a2 (cyp1a2) substrates (moderate) and cytochrome p450 2c19 (cyp2c19) substrates (moderate) — and none of Metformin, Linagliptin’s classifications are among them.

Classification data comes from our licensed Natural Medicines dataset. A medication can belong to classes beyond those recorded there, so this describes how the check was run — it is not a safety guarantee.

Keep it in perspective

Propolis Does Interact With Other Medications

Propolis has 921 moderate known drug interactions in our database — Metformin, Linagliptin isn’t one of them. If you take anything else, check it against the full list below.

Moderate 921 No known interaction 1,909 (incl. Metformin, Linagliptin)

Taking anything else?

Check Another of Your Medications Against Propolis

Covers the 2,830 medications we’ve checked against Propolis. Pick one to open its full report.

What to actually watch for

No Interaction Found — But Data Suggests Propolis and Metformin, Linagliptin May Share Several of the Same Side Effects

This is not an interaction. Neither one changes how your body handles the other, and nothing here says they react together. What our sources do show is that each has separately been linked to the effects below — so taking both can make those effects more likely to turn up, and harder to pin on one or the other if they do. 2 of them are worth acting on rather than waiting out — marked below.

A severe allergic reaction Worth acting on Additional detail
Propolis
“In one case report, a 36-year-old female developed severe erythematous papules and patches with edema of the face, neck, arms, abdomen, and thighs after consuming propolis solution for a few weeks. After symptom resolution, a patch test showed an extreme positive reaction to propolis.”

Propolis · Natural Medicines adverse-effect record, reported in dermatitis.
6 sources cited

106443. Cho E, Lee JD, Cho SH. Systemic contact dermatitis from propolis ingestion. Ann Dermatol. 2011;23(1):85-88. PubMed

70063. Hsu, C. Y., Chiang, W. C., Weng, T. I., Chen, W. J., and Yuan, A. Laryngeal edema and anaphalactic shock after topical propolis use for acute pharyngitis. Am J Emerg.Med 2004;22(5):432-433. PubMed

15647. Jensen CD, Andersen KE. Allergic contact dermatitis from cera alba (purified propolis) in a lip balm and candy. Contact Dermatitis 2006;55:312-3. PubMed

92796. Matos D, Serrano P, Brandao FM. A case of allergic contact dermatitis caused by propolis-enriched honey. Contact Dermatitis 2015;72(1):59-60. PubMed

92798. Nyman G, Hagvall L. A case of allergic contact cheilitis caused by propolis and honey. Contact Dermatitis 2016;74(3):186-7. PubMed

102517. Nyman GSA, Tang M, Inerot A, Osmancevic A, Malmberg P, Hagvall L. Contact allergy to beeswax and propolis among patients with cheilitis or facial dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 2019;81(2):110-6. PubMed
Metformin, Linagliptin

Listed in the ADVERSE REACTIONS section of the FDA label for Metformin, Linagliptin. Read the label on DailyMed ›
An allergic reaction Worth acting on Additional detail
Propolis
“Propolis can cause allergic reactions and acute oral mucositis with ulceration from the use of the propolis-containing lozenges.

Topically, propolis-containing products, including some cosmetics, can cause eczematous contact dermatitis, erythema multiforme-like contact dermatitis, or allergic contact cheilitis.

Patients allergic to bees or bee products may be more likely to experience allergic reactions to propolis.”

Propolis · Natural Medicines adverse-effect record, reported in dermatitis.
6 sources cited

2632. Hay KD, Greig DE. Propolis allergy: a cause of oral mucositis with ulceration. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1990;70:584-6. PubMed

15647. Jensen CD, Andersen KE. Allergic contact dermatitis from cera alba (purified propolis) in a lip balm and candy. Contact Dermatitis 2006;55:312-3. PubMed

92796. Matos D, Serrano P, Brandao FM. A case of allergic contact dermatitis caused by propolis-enriched honey. Contact Dermatitis 2015;72(1):59-60. PubMed

92798. Nyman G, Hagvall L. A case of allergic contact cheilitis caused by propolis and honey. Contact Dermatitis 2016;74(3):186-7. PubMed

95878. Lamoureux A, Meharon M, Durand AL, Darrigade AS, Doutre MS, Milpied B. A first case of erythema multiforme-like contact dermatitis caused by propolis. Contact Dermatitis. 2017;77(4):263-264. PubMed

95882. Piredda M, Facchinetti G, Biagioli V, et al. Propolis in the prevention of oral mucositis in breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy: A pilot randomised controlled trial. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 2017;26(6). PubMed
Metformin, Linagliptin

Listed in the ADVERSE REACTIONS section of the FDA label for Metformin, Linagliptin. Read the label on DailyMed ›
Headache Additional detail
Propolis
“Orally, propolis may cause headache in some patients. In one clinical trial, around 7% of patients taking propolis 250 mg twice daily for 4 months reported mild headache.”

Propolis · Natural Medicines adverse-effect record, reported in cluster headache.
1 source cited

105786. Soleimani D, Rezaie M, Rajabzadeh F, et al. Protective effects of propolis on hepatic steatosis and fibrosis among patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) evaluated by real-time two-dimensional shear wave elastography: a randomized clinical
Metformin, Linagliptin

Listed in the ADVERSE REACTIONS section of the FDA label for Metformin, Linagliptin. Read the label on DailyMed ›

Reported for Propolis but not commonly for Metformin, Linagliptin: a severe skin reaction, kidney problems, sore throat and a skin rash.

Effects for Metformin, Linagliptin come from the ADVERSE REACTIONS section of its FDA label; effects for Propolis come from the Natural Medicines adverse-effect record, quoted above. Wording is matched across sources by our own clinical vocabulary, so treat this as a prompt to pay attention, not a diagnosis.

Special populations

Propolis in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding

Lactation Possibly Safe

When used orally and appropriately during lactation. Propolis 300 mg daily has been used for 4-10 months in one clinical study with no apparent adverse effects to nursing infants.

DISCLAIMER: This tool is intended for informational purposes only, and should not be interpreted as specific medical advice. Patients should consult with a qualified healthcare provider before making decisions about therapies and/or health conditions.© 2026 Therapeutic Research Center

How to take them

Some Metformin, Linagliptin Products Have a Food Rule — Propolis Should Not Break It

At least one FDA label for a product containing Metformin, Linagliptin says to take it with food. If you take Propolis on an empty stomach out of habit, keep them separate — and take Metformin, Linagliptin with a meal where the label says to.

This may not be true of your version. Food instructions belong to the product, not the ingredient: two Metformin, Linagliptin products can carry different directions, and extended-release forms often differ from immediate-release ones. The label we read is quoted below — check the directions on your own box or bottle, or ask your pharmacist, for how to take the exact product you were given.

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Individualize the starting dosage of JENTADUETO XR based on the patient's current regimen ( 2.1 ) The maximum recommended dosage is 5 mg linagliptin/2,000 mg metformin HCl once daily ( 2.1 ) Take orally once daily with a meal, with gradual dose escalation to reduce the gastrointestinal effects due to metformin ( 2.1 ) Swallow whole; do not split, crush, dissolve, or che

From the Dosage and Administration section of the FDA label we read for Metformin, Linagliptin — where that label names a specific product, the instruction is that product's. Read the label on DailyMed ›

A food rule is not an interaction — it is about how much of the medicine you absorb. The directions that came with your own product, and your pharmacist, outrank anything on this page.

Everything else you take

See Every Supplement That Interacts With Metformin, Linagliptin

This page covers Propolis only. If you take other supplements — a multivitamin, a sleep aid, something for joints — the Metformin, Linagliptin page lists 285 supplements it has a documented interaction with, worst first, each one explained.

The most serious there right now: Activated Charcoal (major), Siberian Cocklebur (major), St. John's Wort (major), Acai (moderate) and Adrafinil (moderate).

By severity: 3 major · 242 moderate · 40 minor.

From our pharmacist’s overview on the Metformin, Linagliptin page

“Siberian cocklebur is the risk anyone taking metformin and linagliptin (Jentadueto) should understand first, since it has caused severe hypoglycemia in people who consumed it. The wider picture deserves real care too.”

Reviewed by 2 · Jul 18, 2026

Open the Metformin, Linagliptin interaction page

One more smart check

Taking Propolis as Part of a Dietary Supplement Product? Check It for Interactions

We hold 723 real supplement products containing Propolis, each one broken down to its full ingredient list — and combination products often carry several ingredients besides Propolis. Even though Propolis itself has no known interaction with Metformin, Linagliptin, another ingredient on your label might. Find your product and we’ll check every ingredient on its label:

How much people look this up

Where Propolis and Metformin, Linagliptin Sit Against Everything Else

Out of every supplement and medication people look up on HelloPharmacist, here is where these two land this week — and which way each has been moving.

Supplement Propolis

Top 25%

#251 of 1,452 supplements looked up here in the last 7 days

29 days ago today

Medication Metformin, Linagliptin

Steady interest

#1,779 of 2,830 medications looked up here in the last 7 days

29 days ago today

Position among everything looked up on this site, not a measure of how commonly either one is used or how important it is. A supplement can climb this list because of a news story. It counts every request to the page, automated ones included, and nothing here identifies anyone.

Where does our data come from?

Source: the Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) clinical database — the evidence-graded professional reference for herb & supplement interactions.
Citation library: 103,510 references behind our interaction content, 65,311 of them resolved to verified PubMed/DOI sources. See every Propolis reference on this page ↓
Freshness: we automatically re-check this combination every week — this pair was last verified September 13, 2026. The Propolis and Metformin, Linagliptin records this page draws on were last updated July 11, 2026.
What “no known interaction” means: no documented interaction in the sources above — not a guarantee of safety. Supplements are studied far less than prescription drugs, so we say exactly what the evidence supports, and nothing more.

Data structure & sourcing designed and verified by Dr. Brian Staiger, PharmD, BCPS.

Supplement

About Propolis

What is Propolis?

Cold sores and herpes lesions (topical)
Sore throat and mouth sores
Wound and skin healing
Immune support
Oral and gum health

Propolis is a natural, resin-like substance made by bees that has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties in lab studies. Early research suggests it may help with cold sores, mouth sores, and minor wounds, but high-quality evidence is limited for most uses. It is generally well tolerated, but allergic reactions can occur, especially in people allergic to bee products.

Resinous hive material collected by bees from tree buds and bark · Capsules, tablets, lozenges, throat sprays, tinctures, liquid extracts, mouthwash, creams, ointments, and toothpaste

An interaction check asks whether these two react with each other — it does not ask whether Propolis is a good idea for someone in your situation. Here is what our Propolis record says about it on its own.

Propolis: dosing

There is no standard, well-established dose for propolis. Products vary widely in strength and in the actual amount of active compounds they contain, partly because propolis composition depends on where the bees collected it.Because of this, the best advice is to follow the directions on the product label and not exceed the recommended amount.

From our Propolis monograph — the full record covers uses, side effects and every documented interaction.

Read the full Propolis monograph & all interactions

Keep checking

Other Drugs & Propolis

Browse every other medication we’ve checked against Propolis — both the ones with a known interaction and the ones without. Select any drug for the full detail.

0Major

921Moderate

0Minor

1,908No known interaction

921 Moderate 1,908 No interaction

Moderate

921 interactions

Showing 60 of 921 moderate interactions — see all 921 on the Propolis page.

No interaction 1,908 drugs checked — show the list

We also checked Propolis against these medications and found no known interaction in our sources. Open any page to confirm.

Showing the 60 most looked-up of 1,908 medications checked with no known interaction — see the full Propolis list.

See the full Propolis interactions page

See every supplement checked against Metformin, Linagliptin, ranked by severity

Evidence & sources

Propolis References

The 21 references that drive our Propolis monograph and interaction data, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Citations with a link open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Hay KD, Greig DE. Propolis allergy: a cause of oral mucositis with ulceration. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1990;70:584-6. PubMed
Li YJ, Lin JL, Yang CW, Yu CC. Acute renal failure induced by a Brazilian variety of propolis. Am J Kidney Dis 2005;46:e125-9. PubMed
Jensen CD, Andersen KE. Allergic contact dermatitis from cera alba (purified propolis) in a lip balm and candy. Contact Dermatitis 2006;55:312-3. PubMed
Chen, T. G., Lee, J. J., Lin, K. H., Shen, C. H., Chou, D. S., and Sheu, J. R. Antiplatelet activity of caffeic acid phenethyl ester is mediated through a cyclic GMP-dependent pathway in human platelets. Chin J Physiol 6-30-2007;50(3):121-126.
Hsu, C. Y., Chiang, W. C., Weng, T. I., Chen, W. J., and Yuan, A. Laryngeal edema and anaphalactic shock after topical propolis use for acute pharyngitis. Am J Emerg.Med 2004;22(5):432-433. PubMed
Black, R. J. Vulval eczema associated with propolis sensitization from topical therapies treated successfully with pimecrolimus cream. Clin Exp.Dermatol. 2005;30(1):91-92. PubMed
Matos D, Serrano P, Brandao FM. A case of allergic contact dermatitis caused by propolis-enriched honey. Contact Dermatitis 2015;72(1):59-60. PubMed
Naramoto K, Kato M, Ichihara K. Effects of an ethanol extract of Brazilian green propolis on human cytochrome P450 enzyme activities in vitro. J Agric Food Chem 2014;62(46):11296-302. PubMed
Nyman G, Hagvall L. A case of allergic contact cheilitis caused by propolis and honey. Contact Dermatitis 2016;74(3):186-7. PubMed
Ryu CS, Oh SJ, Oh JM, et al. Inhibition of cytochrome P450 by propolis in human liver microsomes. Toxicol Res 2016;32(3):207-13. PubMed
Akbay E, Özenirler Ç, Çelemli ÖG, Durukan AB, Onur MA, Sorkun K. Effects of propolis on warfarin efficacy. Kardiochir Torakochirurgia Pol. 2017;14(1):43-46. PubMed
Lamoureux A, Meharon M, Durand AL, Darrigade AS, Doutre MS, Milpied B. A first case of erythema multiforme-like contact dermatitis caused by propolis. Contact Dermatitis. 2017;77(4):263-264. PubMed
Piredda M, Facchinetti G, Biagioli V, et al. Propolis in the prevention of oral mucositis in breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy: A pilot randomised controlled trial. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 2017;26(6). PubMed
Zhang YX, Yang TT, Xia L, Zhang WF, Wang JF, Wu YP. Inhibitory Effect of Propolis on Platelet Aggregation In Vitro. J Healthc Eng. 2017;2017:3050895. PubMed
Nyman GSA, Tang M, Inerot A, Osmancevic A, Malmberg P, Hagvall L. Contact allergy to beeswax and propolis among patients with cheilitis or facial dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 2019;81(2):110-6. PubMed
Igarashi G, Segawa T, Akiyama N, et al. Efficacy of Brazilian propolis supplementation for japanese lactating women for atopic sensitization and nonspecific symptoms in their offspring: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Evid Based Comp PubMed
Soleimani D, Rezaie M, Rajabzadeh F, et al. Protective effects of propolis on hepatic steatosis and fibrosis among patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) evaluated by real-time two-dimensional shear wave elastography: a randomized clinical
D'Ercole MC. Prolonged use of propolis can increase liver enzymes. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis 2020;29(3):468-9. PubMed
Cho E, Lee JD, Cho SH. Systemic contact dermatitis from propolis ingestion. Ann Dermatol. 2011;23(1):85-88. PubMed
Hallajzadeh J, Milajerdi A, Amirani E, Attari VE, Maghsoudi H, Mirhashemi SM. Effects of propolis supplementation on glycemic status, lipid profiles, inflammation and oxidative stress, liver enzymes, and body weight: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Gheflati A, Dehnavi Z, Ghannadzadeh Yazdi A, Khorasanchi Z, Raeisi-Dehkordi H, Ranjbar G. The effects of propolis supplementation on metabolic parameters: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Avicenna J Phytomed

Medication overviews come from MedlinePlus (NIH); supplement label data from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists — see our data sources and editorial standards.

Related: nutrient depletion

Metformin, Linagliptin Is Linked to Lower Levels of 4 Nutrients

Natural Medicines records Metformin, Linagliptin as a medicine that can lower these. This is not an interaction with Propolis — it is a separate effect of the medicine, and it is a reason some people are advised to supplement rather than to avoid one:

Read the full Metformin, Linagliptin nutrient depletion report ›

Depletion records come from the licensed Natural Medicines database. Do not start a supplement on the strength of this page — ask your pharmacist or doctor whether it applies to you.

Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Taking Propolis and Metformin, Linagliptin Together: Common Questions

Is it safe to take Propolis with Metformin, Linagliptin?

We do not list a known interaction between Propolis and Metformin, Linagliptin. That does not guarantee the combination is risk-free, so confirm with your pharmacist or doctor — especially if you take other medications or have a health condition.

Do Propolis and Metformin, Linagliptin have any of the same side effects?

Yes — our sources link each of them separately to 3 of the same effects. That is not an interaction: neither changes how your body handles the other. It does mean that if one of those effects turns up, it can be harder to tell which one is behind it. They are listed on this page with the source behind each.

Should I take Propolis and Metformin, Linagliptin at the same time of day?

At least one FDA label for a product containing Metformin, Linagliptin says to take it with food. If you take Propolis on an empty stomach out of habit, keep them separate and take Metformin, Linagliptin with a meal where the label says to. Food instructions belong to the product rather than the ingredient — two Metformin, Linagliptin products can differ — so check the directions on your own box. This is about absorption, not an interaction.

How was the Propolis and Metformin, Linagliptin combination checked?

Interactions in our licensed database are recorded against drug classes. Metformin, Linagliptin is filed under 6 classifications, and Propolis has documented interactions with 8 drug classes — none of Metformin, Linagliptin's classifications are among them. A medication can belong to classes beyond those recorded in our dataset, so this describes how the check was run rather than guaranteeing safety.

Does Propolis interact with any other medications?

Yes. Propolis has 921 documented drug interactions in our database — Metformin, Linagliptin is simply not one of them. If you take anything else, it is worth checking each one; they are all listed on this page.

Does Metformin, Linagliptin interact with any supplements?

Yes. Metformin, Linagliptin has documented interactions with 285 supplements in our database — Propolis is not one of them. The Metformin, Linagliptin interaction page linked on this page lists every one, ranked by severity.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Where next

Keep Exploring

Propolis monograph Uses, safety profile, and every drug interaction in one place Metformin, Linagliptin supplement interactions Every supplement checked against Metformin, Linagliptin, ranked by severity Supplement interaction checker Check any supplement or product against your medications Browse medications A–Z Every drug we’ve checked against herbs & supplements References The 21 citations behind this page Ask a pharmacist Free, personal answer from our licensed team

Still Have a Question About Metformin, Linagliptin and Propolis?

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This information is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always check with your pharmacist or doctor before starting, stopping, or combining supplements and medications.