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Dietary supplement

Astaxanthin D3 Liquid Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by DaVinci Laboratories

Astaxanthin D3 Liquid label
See full label image
Liquid Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Astaxanthin D3 Liquid against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Astaxanthin D3 Liquid is a dietary supplement by DaVinci Laboratories with 2 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for bone health and osteoporosis, correcting vitamin d deficiency, immune system support.Based on those ingredients, 743 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Vitamin D3, Supercritical extracted Astaxanthin. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Astaxanthin D3 Liquid by DaVinci Laboratories

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Astaxanthin D3 Liquid by DaVinci Laboratories — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Astaxanthin D3 Liquid by DaVinci Laboratories

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 12, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 2 of its 2 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

This product contains 2 active ingredients: vitamin D3, a fat-soluble vitamin essential for bone health, calcium absorption, and immune function; and supercritical extracted astaxanthin, a carotenoid (plant pigment) with antioxidant properties. The liquid also contains several inactive ingredients — sunflower oil, natural flavors, vitamin E, and rosmarinic acid — which help deliver and stabilize the active compounds.

Does it work?

Strong evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed

This product doesn't appear to be marketed for a specific use, so we graded its ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.

Strong

Strong clinical evidence supports its ingredients for:

Why this rating?
  • We looked at the product name, claims, and label statements and couldn't find a stated purpose to grade.
  • Since the label doesn't commit to one use, we graded the ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.
  • On file: Familial hypophosphatemia — rated "Effective" (Vitamin D) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Osteomalacia — rated "Effective" (Vitamin D) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Renal osteodystrophy — rated "Effective" (Vitamin D) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Rickets — rated "Effective" (Vitamin D) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Hypoparathyroidism — rated "Effective" (Vitamin D) (Natural Medicines).

Vitamin D3 is effective for several medical conditions: familial hypophosphatemia, osteomalacia (soft bones), renal osteodystrophy, rickets, and hypoparathyroidism. For astaxanthin, the evidence we hold shows insufficient reliable data to rate its effectiveness for age-related cognitive decline, age-related macular degeneration, aging skin, Alzheimer disease, athletic performance, or carpal tunnel syndrome.

If you're considering this product for any of those astaxanthin uses, talk with your pharmacist about what the evidence actually supports.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Vitamin D Astaxanthin

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 2 of the 2 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 2 of 2.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 2 of 2.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Vitamin D3 is generally well tolerated at recommended doses, though very high amounts over time can cause vitamin D toxicity — symptoms include high blood calcium (hypercalcemia), which can lead to bone loss in adults or slowed growth in children. Astaxanthin also appears well tolerated in studies, though long-term safety data are limited.

The most common side effects from astaxanthin are abdominal pain, diarrhea, and red-colored stools; a small number of people at higher doses have reported severe stomach pain. For pregnancy and breastfeeding: vitamin D3 is likely safe at recommended doses under your doctor's guidance, though one rating flags possibly unsafe use — talk with your doctor about your specific situation.

Astaxanthin has insufficient safety data, so it's best to avoid it during pregnancy and while breastfeeding.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Vitamin D Astaxanthin

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 2 of the 2 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Vitamin D, Astaxanthin.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: heart-rhythm medications.
  • For scale: 744 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this product, double-check these medication types: thiazide diuretics, the heart medications verapamil, diltiazem, and digoxin, atorvastatin (Lipitor), and any drugs your liver breaks down using the CYP3A4 or CYP2B6 pathways — all carry Moderate-severity concerns. Also tell your pharmacist if you take aluminum supplements or calcipotriene (a vitamin D cream for psoriasis).

Use the medication checker on this page with your full list.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with strong clinical evidence behind its ingredients' uses. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product is useful if you have a vitamin D deficiency or one of the conditions vitamin D treats effectively. But the vitamin D3 in it has multiple interactions with heart and blood-pressure medications, cholesterol drugs, and diuretics — so check your exact medications with the tool on this page before you start.

If you're pregnant, breastfeeding, or have kidney disease, talk with your pharmacist first.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 2 of 2 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jun 22, 2023.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Astaxanthin D3 Liquid, straight from the product label.

Brand DaVinci Laboratories
Barcode (UPC) 026664002372
Net contents 1 fl. Oz.; 30 mL
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Jun 22, 2023
DSLD ID 288172
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Liquid
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other
Intended target group(s) Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Astaxanthin D3 Liquid by DaVinci Laboratories, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 mL
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 mL
Servings per container
30
UPC/BARCODE
026664002372
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories10 Calorie(s)--
Total Fat1 Gram(s)1%
Vitamin D3125 mcg625%
Supercritical extracted Astaxanthin4 mg--

Other ingredients: Sunflower Oil, Natural flavors, Vitamin E, Rosmarinic Acid

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
General Statements

Truth We pledge total truth in labeling. Our family of products contains only the purest and most potent ingredients. Guaranteed.

Precautions

Warning: Individuals taking more than 2,000 UI per day should have their vitamin D levels monitored.

If pregnant or nursing, consult your healthcare practitioner before taking this product.

Product may stain.

Keep out of reach of children.

To obtain product information or report a serious adverse event, call 1-800-325-1776.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place.

Brand IP Statement(s)

AstaReal is a registered trademark of Fuji Chemicals Industries Co., Ltd

Formula

Supercritical astaxanthin and vitamin D3

AstaReal The natural astaxanthin of choice

FDA Statement of Identity

A Dietary Supplement

Formulation

Vegetarian

Gluten free Soy free

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested Use: As a dietary supplement, take 1 ml daily, or as directed by your healthcare practitioner. Shake vigorously before each use.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Astaxanthin D3 Liquid by DaVinci Laboratories label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Astaxanthin D3 Liquid label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Astaxanthin D3 Liquid by DaVinci Laboratories

These are the 2 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 mL Dosage formLiquid Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Vitamin D3

Interacts with
715 drugs
125 mcg per serving Form: Cholecalciferol

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps your body absorb calcium and is important for healthy bones, muscles, and immune function. Many people,...

Vitamin D3 monograph & interactions

Supercritical extracted Astaxanthin

Interacts with
671 drugs
4 mg per serving Form: Haematococcus pluvialis

Astaxanthin is a reddish carotenoid pigment with strong antioxidant activity in the lab, and it is widely promoted for skin, eye, heart, and exercise...

Supercritical extracted Astaxanthin monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Sunflower Oil, Natural flavors, Vitamin E, Rosmarinic Acid. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Astaxanthin D3 Liquid by DaVinci Laboratories Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Astaxanthin D3 Liquid?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
743Drugs
743 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Vitamin D3 715
Supercritical extracted Astaxanthin 671

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Astaxanthin D3 Liquid interact with 743 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

2 of the 2 ingredients in Astaxanthin D3 Liquid interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Vitamin D3 Supercritical extracted Astaxanthin

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Astaxanthin D3 Liquid with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Vitamin D38 drug types · 715 drugs

Aluminum

Vitamin D might increase aluminum absorption and toxicity, but this has only been reported in people with renal failure.
The protein that transports calcium across the intestinal wall can also bind and transport aluminum. This protein is stimulated by vitamin D, which may therefore increase aluminum absorption. This mechanism may contribute to increased aluminum levels and toxicity in people with renal failure, when they take vitamin D and aluminum-containing phosphate binders chronically.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Atorvastatin (Lipitor)

Vitamin D might reduce absorption of atorvastatin.
A small, low-quality clinical study shows that taking vitamin D reduces levels of atorvastatin and its active metabolites by up to 55%. However, while atorvastatin levels decreased, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels did not substantially change. Atorvastatin is metabolized in the gut by CYP3A4 enzymes, and researchers theorized that vitamin D might induce CYP3A4, causing reduced levels of atorvastatin. However, this proposed mechanism was not specifically studied.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Calcipotriene (Dovonex)

Taking calcipotriene with vitamin D increases the risk for hypercalcemia.
Calcipotriene is a vitamin D analog used topically for psoriasis. It can be absorbed in sufficient amounts to cause systemic effects, including hypercalcemia. Theoretically, combining calcipotriene with vitamin D supplements might increase the risk of hypercalcemia.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Digoxin (Lanoxin)

Theoretically, hypercalcemia induced by high-dose vitamin D can increase the risk of arrhythmia from digoxin.
High doses of vitamin D can cause hypercalcemia. Hypercalcemia increases the risk of fatal cardiac arrhythmias with digoxin. Avoid vitamin D doses above the tolerable upper intake level (4000 IU daily for adults) and monitor serum calcium levels in people taking vitamin D and digoxin concurrently.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Diltiazem (Cardizem, Others)

Theoretically, hypercalcemia induced by high-dose vitamin D can reduce the therapeutic effects of diltiazem for arrhythmia.
High doses of vitamin D can cause hypercalcemia. Hypercalcemia can reduce the effectiveness of verapamil in atrial fibrillation. Theoretically this could also occur with diltiazem. Avoid vitamin D doses above the tolerable upper intake level (4000 IU daily for adults) and monitor serum calcium levels in people taking vitamin D and diltiazem concurrently.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Thiazide Diuretics

Theoretically, taking thiazide diuretics and high-dose vitamin D can increase the risk of hypercalcemia.
Thiazide diuretics decrease urinary calcium excretion, which could lead to hypercalcemia if vitamin D supplements are taken concurrently. This has been reported in people being treated with vitamin D for hypoparathyroidism, and also in elderly people with normal parathyroid function who were taking a thiazide, vitamin D, and calcium-containing antacids daily.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Verapamil (Calan, Others)

Hypercalcemia induced by high-dose vitamin D can reduce the therapeutic effects of verapamil for arrhythmia.
Hypercalcemia due to high doses of vitamin D can reduce the effectiveness of verapamil in atrial fibrillation. Avoid vitamin D doses above the tolerable upper intake level (4000 IU daily for adults) and monitor serum calcium levels in people taking vitamin D and verapamil concurrently.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Vitamin D might induce CYP3A4 enzymes and reduce the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates.
There is some concern that vitamin D might induce CYP3A4. In vitro research suggests that vitamin D induces CYP3A4 transcription. Additionally, observational research has found that increased UV light exposure and serum vitamin D levels are associated with decreased serum levels of CYP3A4 substrates such as tacrolimus and sirolimus, while no association between UV light exposure or vitamin D levels and levels of mycophenolic acid, a non-CYP3A4 substrate, was found. A small, low-quality clinical study shows that taking vitamin D reduces levels of the CYP3A4 substrate atorvastatin and its active metabolites by up to 55%; however, the clinical effects of atorvastatin were not reduced. While researchers theorized that vitamin D might induce CYP3A4, this proposed mechanism was not specifically studied.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Vitamin D3 full monograph & interactions

Supercritical extracted Astaxanthin2 drug types · 671 drugs

Cytochrome P450 2B6 (Cyp2B6) Substrates

Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2B6.
In vitro research shows that astaxanthin induces cytochrome CYP2B6 enzyme activity in human hepatocytes. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
In vitro research shows that astaxanthin induces CYP3A4 enzyme activity in human hepatocytes. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Supercritical extracted Astaxanthin full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Astaxanthin D3 Liquid, from the product label.

DaVinci Laboratories

See all DaVinci Laboratories products
Name
DaVinci Laboratories of Vermont a division of FoodScience Corp.
Street Address
929 Harvest Lane
City
Williston
State
VT
ZipCode
05495
Phone Number
1-800-325-1776
Web Address
www.davincilabs.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Astaxanthin D3 Liquid by DaVinci Laboratories: Common Questions

Does Astaxanthin D3 Liquid by DaVinci Laboratories interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Astaxanthin D3 Liquid has a known interaction with 743 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Astaxanthin D3 Liquid contains 2 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is this safe to take if I'm pregnant?
Vitamin D3 at recommended doses is often used in pregnancy under your doctor's guidance, though one safety rating flags possibly unsafe use — so it depends on your individual situation and dose. Astaxanthin has insufficient safety data, so it's best to avoid it while pregnant. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist about whether this product is right for you.
Can I take this while breastfeeding?
Vitamin D3 is likely safe at recommended doses while breastfeeding. Astaxanthin, though, has not been studied enough in breastfeeding — the data we hold advises against it. Check with your pharmacist about the dose and form you're considering.
What does the astaxanthin in this product do?
Astaxanthin is an antioxidant compound from plants. The data we hold shows insufficient evidence to rate whether it actually works for things like cognitive decline, macular degeneration, aging skin, or athletic performance — so while it's in the product, we can't say it's proven effective for any specific use.
Are there any common side effects?
Vitamin D3 at normal doses is well tolerated with no common side effects. Astaxanthin can cause abdominal pain, diarrhea, or red-colored stools in some people. Very high doses of astaxanthin have caused severe stomach pain in a small number of people.
What happens if I take too much of this product?
Excessive vitamin D can cause vitamin D toxicity, with symptoms of high blood calcium — including bone loss in adults and slowed growth in children. That's why vitamin D doses above 4,000 IU daily shouldn't be used without medical monitoring. Stick to the label dosage unless your doctor says otherwise.
Does this product contain any fillers or other ingredients I should know about?
Yes — the liquid contains sunflower oil as the base, plus natural flavors, vitamin E, and rosmarinic acid as inactive ingredients. These help stabilize and flavor the product. If you have allergies or sensitivities, check the full label.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Astaxanthin D3 Liquid label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Astaxanthin D3 Liquid’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Vitamin D

Interacts with 715 drugs

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps your body absorb calcium and is important for healthy bones, muscles, and immune function. Many people, especially those with low sun exposure,...

Read the full Vitamin D monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Astaxanthin

Interacts with 671 drugs

Astaxanthin is a reddish carotenoid pigment with strong antioxidant activity in the lab, and it is widely promoted for skin, eye, heart, and exercise benefits. Early human studies are promis...

Read the full Astaxanthin monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Astaxanthin D3 Liquid's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 29 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Vitamin D 26 references
  1. McEvoy GK, ed. AHFS Drug Information. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1998.
  2. Tatro DS, ed. Drug Interactions Facts. Facts and Comparisons Inc., St. Louis, MO. 1999.
  3. Koutkia P, Chen TC, Holick MF. Vitamin D intoxication associated with an over-the-counter supplement. N Engl J Med 2001;345:66-7. PubMed
  4. Bar-Or D, Yoel G. Calcium and calciferol antagonize effect of verapamil in atrial fibrillation. Br Med J 1981;282:1585-6.
  5. Demontis R, Leflon A, Fournier A, et al. 1 alpha(OH) vitamin D3 increases plasma aluminum in hemodialyzed patients taking AI(OH)3. Clin Nephrol 1986;26:146-9.
  6. Crowe M, Wollner L, Griffiths RA. Hypercalcemia following vitamin D and thiazide therapy in the elderly. Practitioner 1984;228:312-3.
  7. Parfitt AM. Thiazide-induced hypercalcemia in vitamin D-treated hypoparathyroidism. Ann Intern Med 1972;77:557-63. PubMed
  8. Thiazide diuretics and the risk of osteoporosis. Pharmacist's Letter/Prescriber's Letter 2003;19(11):191105.
  9. Moon J. The role of vitamin D in toxic metal absorption. J Am Coll Nutr 1994;13:559-64.
  10. Demontis R, Reissi D, Noel C, et al. Indirect clinical evidence that 1alphaOH vitamin D<SUB>3</SUB> increases the intestinal absorption of aluminum. Clin Nephrol 1989;31:123-7.
  11. Adler AJ, Berlyne GM. Duodenal aluminum absorption in the rat: effect of vitamin D. Am J Physiol 1985;249:G209-13. PubMed
  12. Schwartz JB. Effects of vitamin D supplementation in atorvastatin-treated patients: A new drug interaction with an unexpected consequence. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2009;85:198-203. PubMed
  13. Dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D. Institute of Medicine, November 30, 2010. Available at: http://www.iom.edu/~/media/Files/Report%20Files/2010/Dietary-Reference-Intakes-for-Calcium-and-Vitamin-D/Vitamin%20D%20and%20Calcium%202010%20Repo
  14. Cox KA, Dunn MA. Aluminum toxicity alters the regulation of calbindin-D28k protein and mRNA expression in chick intestine. J Nutr 2001;131:2007-13. PubMed
  15. Escribano, J., Balaguer, A., Pagone, F., Feliu, A., and Roque, I. Figuls. Pharmacological interventions for preventing complications in idiopathic hypercalciuria. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2009;(1):CD004754. PubMed
  16. Carlton, S., Clopton, D., and Cappuzzo, K. A. Vitamin D deficiency: appropriate replenishment therapies and the effects of vitamin D toxicity. Consult Pharm 2010;25(3):171-177. PubMed
  17. Wang, H., Xia, N., Yang, Y., and Peng, D. Q. Influence of vitamin D supplementation on plasma lipid profiles: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Lipids Health Dis. 2012;11:42. PubMed
  18. Turner AN, Carr Reese P, Fields KS, Anderson J, Ervin M, Davis JA, Fichorova RN, Roberts MW, Klebanoff MA, Jackson RD. A blinded, randomized controlled trial of high-dose vitamin D supplementation to reduce recurrence of bacterial vaginosis. Am J Obstet G PubMed
  19. Weiner M, Epstein FH. Signs and symptoms of electrolyte disorders. Yale J Biol Med. 1970;43(2):76-109.
  20. Lappe J, Watson P, Travers-Gustafson D, Recker R, Garland C, Gorham E, Baggerly K, McDonnell SL. Effect of Vitamin D and Calcium Supplementation on Cancer Incidence in Older Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2017 Mar 28;317(12):1234-1243. PubMed
  21. Roth DE, Leung M, Mesfin E, Qamar H, Watterworth J, Papp E. Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy: state of the evidence from a systematic review of randomised trials. BMJ. 2017;359:j5237. PubMed
  22. Murai IH, Fernandes AL, Sales LP, et al. Effect of a single high dose of vitamin D3 on hospital length of stay in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2021.
  23. Wang Z, Schuetz EG, Xu Y, Thummel KE. Interplay between vitamin D and the drug metabolizing enzyme CYP3A4. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013;136:54-8. PubMed
  24. Doyle D, Browne U, Brickley A, Murphy D. Vitamin D-induced hypercalcaemia and acute kidney injury in sarcoidosis. BMJ Case Rep 2023;16(1):e250580. PubMed
  25. Williamson A, Martineau AR, Sheikh A, Jolliffe D, Griffiths CJ. Vitamin D for the management of asthma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023;2(2):CD011511. PubMed
  26. Kinesya E, Santoso D, Gde Arya N, et al. Vitamin D as adjuvant therapy for diabetic foot ulcers: Systematic review and meta-analysis approach. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023;54:137-143. PubMed

See these in context on the Vitamin D monograph →

Astaxanthin 3 references
  1. Kupcinskas L, Lafolie P, Lignell A, et al. Efficacy of the natural antioxidant astaxanthin in the treatment of functional dyspepsia in patients with or without Helicobacter pylori infection: A prospective, randomized, double blind, and placebo-controlled
  2. Kistler, A., Liechti, H., Pichard, L., Wolz, E., Oesterhelt, G., Hayes, A., and Maurel, P. Metabolism and CYP-inducer properties of astaxanthin in man and primary human hepatocytes. Arch.Toxicol. 2002;75(11-12):665-675. PubMed
  3. Choi HD, Youn YK, Shin WG. Positive effects of astaxanthin on lipid profiles and oxidative stress in overweight subjects. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2011;66:363-369. PubMed

See these in context on the Astaxanthin monograph →

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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